Newspaper Page Text
I
Canadian Conference Told
Socialization Antidote
To Threat Of Statism
EDMONTON, Alta., (NC)—
Socialization in the sense laid
down by the late Pope J ohn XXIII
is necessary in education, leads
cultural progress and offsets
the threat of statism, a priest
told the meeting here of the
National Catholic Social Life
Conference.
Father Edwin C. Garvey,
C. S. B., principal of St. Mark’s
College in Vancouver, said
(Aug. 18) that “socialization in
the form of schools has always
been the greatest means for
cultural development.”
Auxiliary Bishop Francis A.
Marrocco of Toronto gave the
keynote address (Aug. 16) on the
convention’s theme, “Social
ization and Human Progress,”
drawn from John XXIII’s ency
clical “Mater et Magistra.”
The Bishop warned against
“socialistic lines” that are
“either implicitly evil” or
“very dangerous,” such as
atheistic communism, totali
tarianism and doctrinaire na
tionalization.
A papal message read at the
meeting expressed ' ‘the pray
erful hope” that the discussions
would “contribute to wider
knowledge and more generous
acceptance of the Church’s so
cial teaching.” The letter was
signed by Amleto Cardinal
Cicognani, Papal Secretary of
State. It was read to the dele
gates by Coadjutor Archbishop
Anthony Jordan, O. M. I., of
Edmonton, episcopal chairman
^ of the Social Action Commis
sion, Canadian Catholic Con
ference.
Cardinal Cicognani stressed
in the letter “that socialization
as discussed in the encyclical
letter ‘Mater et Magistra’ is in
no way to be confused with so
cialism.”
“Socialization, when freely
and prudently actuated,” he sta
ted, ' ‘is entirely in conformity
with the social nature of man,
and is a source of true human
progress in every field, econo
mic, social, moral and cultu
ral.”
Convention speakers worked
from the basis of the encycli
cal's reference to socialization
as “the fruit and expression
of a natural tendency. . .in hu-^
man beings. , .to join together
to attain objectives which are
beyond the capacity and means
at the disposal of single indivi
duals.”
Father Garvey said that so
cialization in this sense “finds
its two chief manifestations in
the state. . .and in intermediate
bodies within the state,” and
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‘ ‘the Church constantly empha
sizes the essential roles of both
the state and intermediate or
ganizations.”
He said the state’s role is
‘ ‘coordinating and supervi
sory,” but warned that “in
keeping with the principle of
subsidiarity, the state must not
take over that which can be done
by intermediate groups.”
“If a good economic order
requires the creation of auto
nomous groupings within so
ciety to ensure vitality and pro
gress,” he continued, “we must
believe that such groupings are
not less necessary in the edu
cational sphere.
“A vital educational system
requires immediate bodies
capable of looking after their
own affairs and able to provide
the diversity, initiative and
creativity which are essential
for cultural progress.”
The Basilian priest said that
“strong trustee groupings
which represent parents are the
normal means of creating a de
mocratic structure in education
and of ensuring that parents’
rights are safeguarded.”
“By their very nature,” he
stressed, “they lead to genuine
pluralism in education and
counterbalance any temptation
towards statism.”
Asserting that the fostering
of genuine pluralism in higher
education is “one of the press
ing tasks of parents,” Father
Garvey added that the prevail-
idea of education in Canada and
in Britain is pluralistic.
“In Britain,” he continued,
“the pluralistic principles ap
plied to education are not limit
ed to permitting schools in
which religion is taught. Direct
tax support is given to such
schools.
* 'This support is looked upon
as simply a matter of civic
needs and democratic rights,
and as such has nothing to do
with the question of the union
or the separation of Church and
State. And, except for a couple
of notable exceptions, the same
tradition has been followed in
Canada.
“In regard to the basic prin
ciples which underlie demo-
dracy, it is difficult to under
stand how this can be done un
less parents and teachers are
given the freedom to teach ac
cording to their beliefs, unless
the state establishes or sup
ports educational pluralism.”
Father Garvey warned that if
the state does not allow “a free
people to educate according to
their beliefs, it inevitably tends
to educate in view of itself,
and this is education not for
democracy but for statism.”
He added that “in this case
the very foundations of freedom
and culture are neglected.”
“In no other sphere,” he con
cluded, “is there more urgency
in applying the Church’s social
teaching in regard to the neces
sity of intermediate groupings
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than in the field of education,”
Bishop Marrocco told the
delegates that “every pope that
has written an encyclical on the
social question has explicitly
condemned communism as
intrinsically evil as an ideo
logy and completely vicious as a
form of government.”
He said that other socialis
tic lines the Church condemns
as evil, or dangerous are the
non cojmmunist totalitarian
state, doctrinaire nationali
zation, and nationalization by
regulation.
He said noncommunist totali
tarian socialism “is evil be
cause it seeks to control all
phases of human living and not
just tCe economic of a
country.” He added that “na
tional socialism in Germany
and the Fascist state in Italy”
were examples of this type of
socialism.
* ‘Doctrinaire n a t i o n a 1 i-
zation,” Bishop Marrocco said,
“is a form of socialism which
professes acceptance of spiri
tual values, admits family and
parental rights, and claims to
favor individual freedom.” But
“it makes the living of spiritual
values and the exercise of indi
vidual freedom and rights im
possible in the long run,” he
stated, “because it does not
admit the right to private pro
perty.”
' ‘There is one other socialis
tic line which the Church would
condemn as extremely danger
ous and destined to become doc
trinaire nationalization,” the
Bishop said. * ‘This is the type
of government intervention
which leaves the bulk of econo
mic ownership in private hands
but then demands absolute con
trol over the exercise of that
ownership. It might be called
'regulatory nationalization’ or
‘nationalization by regula
tion.’ ”
Bishop Marrocco said that
“in this form of society the
owners are anything but mas
ters in running their business
es,” because although the gov
ernment may not own every
thing, “it controls everything in
the economic development of
the country.”
A ..college dean of law told
the meeting that “socializa
tion holds both threat and pro
mise for democracy.”
‘ ‘Concentration of power
through socialization, whether
by government enterprise or by
private enterprise, is a threat
to the independence of men,”
said Otto E. Lang, dean of the
law college at the University of
Saskatchewan. “It occurs for
good economic reasons when
ever the economic gains are
seen to outweigh the political
and social disadvantages. Sub
sidiarity, or the formation of
numerous lesser groups, limits
the dangers from power.”
He said “the existence of
many groups not only diffuses
power but minimizes the dan
ger that a group will exert
strong or effective pressure for
its self-interest at the expense
of justice.”
“Government action is call
ed upon to curb abuses by such
groups,” Lang said. “But let
government only curb abuses
and not destroy the indepen
dence of the group by complete
regulation and regimentation.”
Famed
Hoodlum
Priest Dead
ST. LOUIS. — A Requiem
Mass was offered here for Fa
ther Charles Dismas Clark,
S. J., known nationally for his
rehabilitation work with ex
convicts.
The 62-year-old Jesuit
priest, subject of a movie called
“The Hoodlum Priest,” died of
a heart attack (August 15) at
St. Mary’s Hospital after a
three-week illness.
He sought medical care the
day following the execution of
(July 28) Sammy Tucker, con
victed of murder, in whose be
half he had interceded. Asso
ciates at Dismus House said
F ather Clark was exhausted
from his efforts to get a stay
of execution for Tucker.
Ther. Requiem Mass for
the priest was offered in St.
Joseph’s church by Father Jo
seph P. Fischer, S. J., rector
of St. Mary's Seminary, St.
Marys, Kansas, where Father
Clark was ordained in 1932.
V
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POPE PAUL GREETS THE ALTAR BOYS—His Holiness Pope Paul VI, at his first
summer audience, August -7, at Castelgandolfo, in the Alban Hills, near Rome, takes
time out for a personal greeting to some altar boys from the nearby town.—(NC Photos)
Of Moderate Elements
Anti-Catholic Maneuvers
In Ceylon Spark Sympathy
COLOMBO, Ceylon, (NC —
Charges by extremist Buddhist
groups which have led the Cey
lonese government to appoint a
special commission to investi
gate Catholic Action have had
the side effect of new manifes
tations of good will toward the
Catholic Church by sympathetic
Buddhist elements.
At the same time, represen
tatives of various Christian
communities in Ceylon have laid
the groundwork for a new asso
ciation to promote fellowship
and unity.
Militant Buddhists renewed
their campaign against the
Church in the wake of the Viet
namese strife in which Budd
hists allege discrimination
against them under the regime
of Vietnam’s President Ngo dinh
Diem, a Catholic. Following
charges that Catholic Action
here is designed to infiltrate
the Ceylonese government, the
government set up an inquiry
commission.
It consists of retired Supreme
Court Judge N. Sinnetamby, a
Hindu, as chairman; retired
Commissioner L. W. de Silva,
a Buddhist; and M. A. S. Marik-
kar, Muslim lawyer who is a
leading member of the Kandy
bar.
But one prominent Buddhist
monk, Narawila Dhammaratana
Nayake Thero, has asserted that
even though the charges against
Catholic Action were made by
Buddhist groups, the real direc
tion has come from com
munists. Speaking at a meeting
in St. Joseph’s parish here held
to celebrate the coronation of
His Holiness Pope Paul VI, the
Buddhist monk said that com
munists want Buddhists and Ca
tholics to fight each other so
that communism can gain its
own ends. If such a clash oc
curred, he said, the country
would be ruined.
He requested the people not
to be misled, but to follow the
teachings of the Buddha him
self, who preached that anyone
who despises another religion
despises his own as well.
In the Diocese of Chilaw,
north of here, another well
known Buddhist monk accom
panied Catholic Bishop Edmund
Peiris, O.M.I., of Chilaw on a
pastoral visit to the Marawila
mission. The visit of the Ven.
Yakdessawa Sri Dhamma Thero
was unprecedented in mission
history. The Bishop and the
monk went to the mission in
procession, which included lit
ter bearers, drummers and
dancers.
The monk occupied a prom
inent pew in the mission church..
Bishop Periris told him that the
Catholic congregation: “Any
move to create dissension by
raising religious passions of
the people would not only be
an irreligious act but also total
ly against the doctrine of all
religions.”
He asked the Catholics to
pray for their non-Catholic
neighbors, for understanding,
and universal brotherhood are
the only means of pro
moting peace, happiness and
spiritual improvement.
Sri Dhammo told the congre
gation that there would be no
tension in Ceylon if all Bud
dhists practiced the doctrine of
the Buddha. He said he and his
fellow monks have always main
tained good relations with
the Catholics as well as with
members of other religions.
Bishop Leo Nanayakkara,
O.S.B., of Kandy said at a re
cent Red Mass that whereas
Christians cannot subscribe to
the view that all religons are
equally good, they cannot close
themselves off.
‘ ‘Many of us Christians
in the past have taken the view
that we (should) isolate our
selves,” he said. “Why should
we do so? Many of us Chris
tians have cut ourselves away
from the Buddhists,' Hindus and
Muslims.
“This is contrary to Chris
tianity. Christianity is not
something static, but is some
thing that is dynamic. We can
not subscribe to the view that
we must isolate ourselves from
other religions, for if we do
so, we destroy the very foun
dation of Christianity. Our at
titude should be that there be a
happy dialogue between other
religons and ourselves.”
The newly projected inter-
Christian association is in line
with Bishop Nanayakkara’s
thinking. Heads of various
churches have expressed their
willingness to be patrons. An
initial project of the association
is a pilgrimage which would in
clude visits to the Holy Land
and audiences with Pope
Paul, the patriarchs of the Eas
tern Churches, and the leading
prelates of the Anglican Church
in England.
By Marxist Trends
Burmese Christians
Reported Alarmed
CALCUTTA, (NC)—Burmese
Christians are alarmed and
worried by the Marxist mind
and methods increasingly evi
dent in the present government
of Burma, according to reports
reaching here.
The government is a military
group called the Revolutionary
Council with Gen. Ne Win as
president. It came to'power by
a bloodless coup in March, 1962.
A month later it declared that it
would ‘ ‘march unswervingly to
the goal of socialism.” At the
same time it declared that it
recognizes the right of everyone
freely to profess and practice
his religion.”
Burmese Christian parents
feel, however, that their relig
ious rights and those of their
children are threatened by gov
ernment measures in education.
Last May all shops selling
school textbooks were visited
by officials and their entire
stocks of school books were
carried away in government
trucks to the AVA (government)
book store. Henceforth only
textbooks issued by this store
may be used in any school. It
is clear now that all these
books will have a Marxist slant.
A book entitled “Man and His
Environment,” published by au
thority of the Revolutionary
Council and circulated as a
statement of government atti
tude, was written by a well-
known communist.
. In February of this year, ac
cording to well-informed sour
ces, the government decided to
oust all foreigners from educa
tion. The first step will be to
bar foreigners from being prin
cipals of schools. After that they
will probably be barred from
playing any part in education.
Already government investi
gators have been going to pri
vate schools, surresptitiously
making inquiries to see if there
were Burmese nationals among
the teachers employed who
could take over the principals
post.
The fees in all private
schools are to be investigated
and regulated by the govern
ment. All income, even fees paid
for private tutoring after class
hours, must be reported. Any
violation of regulations re
garding fees will result either in
suppression of the school or its
removal from the approved list.
Foreigners may no longer
practice medicine in Burma.
The extreme nationalist pol
icies are linked to the Marx
ist ones. Later if the Marxist
goal is reached, the nationalist
principle may suffer.
“Burma seems to be on its
way to the inner side of the
Bamboo Curtain,” commented
a foreign observer, formerly an
advisor to the Burmese govern
ment.
‘Family’ Speaker
'Lf
JO
Msgr. Peter Pavan (above),
Professor of Sociology at
Lateran University, Rome,
will be among several inter-
nationally known scholars
speaking at the biannual
convention of the Christian
Family movement at the
University of Notre Dame,
Aug. 23-25.
0*3
The Southern Cross, August 22, 1963—PAGE 3
Given Military Junta
Ecuador Bishops’
Document Outlines
Areas Of Reform
QUITO, Ecuador, (NC) —
Ecuador’s Bishops have given
the country’s month-old mil
itary junta an outline of what
has to be done in the fields of
education, land ownership and
tax reform.
The Bishops presented the
document to the junta following
an address by Archbishop
Cesar Mosquera Corral of
Guayaquil. The Archbishop said
that the Bishops have followed
the progress of the junta with in
terest since its first declaration
which invoked God’s name as a
symbol of union and hope.
The Bishops’ document points
out the need for;
—Cooperation between civil
and religious Church authori
ties in renewing a sense of pa
triotism;
—Educational reform which
will keep teachers from attack
ing religion and the fatherland
and from spreading Marxism.
—Reform in the universities
to free them from the agitation
of party politics.
—Land reform according to
the principles presented in the
Bishops’ April pastoral.
—Increased job opportunities
and reform of the tax system,
to promote social justice and
improve living conditions for
the working classes.
—Purging trade unions of
communist infiltration.
—Programs to help the In
dian population.
(In the joint pastoral letter
of April 23, the Bishops cen
sured the present land system
which includes huge estates with
“vast fruitless and under
exploited tracts,” and tiny hold
ings which cannot “fill the needs
of the families which cultivate
them.”
(They said that indemnifi
cation for expropriated lands
“should be measured accord
ing to the degree of fulfillment
of the social function.” They
also proposed modernization of
the farming sector of the na
tion’s economy.)
The Bishops’ new document
said they are ready to present
concrete plans to meet the needs
they outlined.
Ecuador’s military junta is
made up of officials from the
three branches of the armed
forces: Navy Capt. Ramon Cas
tro Jojon, AirTorce Lieut, Col
Guillermo Freire, and Army
Cols. Luis Cabrera and Mar
cos Gandara.
The junta has announced that
the 1946 constitution remains
in force. It has also outlawed
Ecuador’s Communist party and
asked the Supreme Court to
work on constitutional reform.
The Bishops pointed out
in their call for reform that
article 175 of the constitution
forbids attacks on religion by
teachers. They asked that the
Catholic Education Confedera
tion of Ecuador, which groups
more than 1,500 institutions
with 170,000 students, be con
sulted on educational reform.
“The Church asks that the
government respect the right
of parents to provide the edu
cation they want for their
children,” they said.
“A higher standard of social
justice must be developed for
the whole country,” they said,
“By improving conditions for
artisans, workers and those
in the moddle class, by estab
lishing new sources of work and
income, and by a better dis
tribution of burdens.”
While seeking helpful govern
ment programs for Indians and
“mestizos,” the Bishops said
that the Church will continue
its own campaign for literacy
and social rehabilitation, in
cluding its missions in the re
mote Amazon region.
MARRIAGES
MELANSON-SMITH
AUGUSTA—Miss Anne Cars
well Smith and Mr. Joseph Hen
ry Melanson were married Au
gust 17th at St. Mary’s on the
Hill Catholic Church. Monsig
nor Daniel Bourke officiated.
The bride is the daughter of
Mr. ahd Mrs. Walter Sharp
Smith, Jr. The bridegroom is
the son of Mr. and Mrs. Donald
O. Melanson of Arlington, Mass.
SAXON-SAXON
MARLOW—Miss Brenda
Joan Saxon and Mr. William E.
Saxon were married August 3rd
at Sacred Heart Church, Savan
nah.
DeLOACH -GILLIG AN
SAVANNAH—Miss Eleanor
Barbara Gilligan and Benjamin
Gerald DeLoach, were married
at the Nativity of Our Lord
Church, with the Rev. Robert
J. Teoli celebrating the Nuptial
Mass. The bride is the daugh
ter of Mr. and Mrs. Leroy Mar
tin Carter. The parents of the
bridegroom are Mr. and Mrs.
Clarence M. DeLoach.
For Wedding Invitations >
it" y
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