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May Plan Fall Trip
Tito Seen As Still
Wanting To Visit
By J. J. Gilbert
WASHINGTON, (NC) — Will
Marshal Tito come to the Unit
ed States this fall? If so, will
he make it to Washington?
Josip Broz Tito, the com
munist dictator has long want
ed to be received in this coun
try, Previous efforts to bring
him here have met with resent
ment and rebuffs. A few years
ago there were those who
thought it would be a good
idea to bring Tito here and
show him a good time. You
don’t hear so much from them
at this time, but the Red dic
tator is keeping the idea alive.
Gov. Edmund G. (Pat) Brown
of California had a 40-minute
meeting (Aug. 19) with Tito
during a visit to Belgrade. The
Governor said afterwards that
Tito told him he thinks he will
attend the United Nations
General Assembly session in
New York this fall. Tito was
also quoted as saying he hoped
to see President Kennedy.
At a press conference later
(Aug. 20), President Kennedy
was asked if he, Prime Minis
ter Macmillan of Great Britain
and Premier Khruschev of So
viet Russia would go to the UN
this fall to register the
test ban treaty, if it is ra
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tified by this country. He was
also asked if he would confer
there with Macmillan and
Khruschev “and with other
leaders such as Marshall Tito.”
President Kennedy replied:
“No, there has been no such
plan. It has been suggested that
I might speak at the United
Nations, but I know of no de
cisions that have been made on
that.”
Tito is scheduled to visit
Mexico and other Latin Ameri
can countries this fall. The Yu
goslav embassy here says it has
“never heard” of any plans for
him to visit Cuba. But, if Tito
gets to New York, and the UN,
he will want to visit Washing
ton. It has long been understood
that he would like to receive a
state welcome here.
There was a proposal in 1956,
revived in 1957, that Tito be
brought here as a visitor. In
1956, a protest against a Tito
visit was signed by 162 mem
bers of Congress. Some law
makers threatened to boycott
any appearance Tito might make
on Capitol Hill. Tito got mad
at this, and the idea was put
aside.
In 1957, it was proposed that
Tito be brought here in October,
when it was hoped Congress
would not be in session. But
an offhand suggestion that Mar
shal Zhukov of Soviet Russia al
so be invited here for talks
brought such a protest that both
proposals were abandoned.
The protests of Catholic
newspapers across the country,
which made strong cases
against the Yugoslav Red dic
tator, undoubtedly had much to
do with thwarting the two ear
lier proposals.
Those who have wanted to
bring Tito here, and who have
defended the enormous finan
cial aid given to communist Yu
goslavia, used to say that it
was all worthwhile if Tito could
be kept from joining up again
with Moscow communism,
which had broken with -him.
But the day after Tito re
ceived Gov. Brown, he received
Soviet Russia’s Khruschev with
such a blatant display of good
will that it seems certain Tito
is back in the Moscow fold.
As far as one can judge from
appearances, we've given away
a tremendous sum of money for
nothing.
Agents
Shadow Bishops
BONN, (NC) — Government
agents are still stationed in the
offices of two Hungarian dioces
es, checking all visitors, mail
and telephone calls.
It was announced in July that
this practice by the communist
regime would end, but the agents
still remain at Szekesfehervar
and the Byzantine Rite Diocese
of Hajdudorog.
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HOME OF THE FAMOUS
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AT MERCY LEADERSHIP CAMP—Enjoying a free period
between lectures and scheduled activities at Mercy Leader
ship Camp are students from among Georgia participants,
Beverly Jennings, Sharon Forbes, Janina Wysacki, Mary
Ann Dembowski, staff member, Sister M. Annunciata,
R. S. M., and Mary Anne Butler. The girls pictured here
are students of either St. Joseph s Hospital or St. Vincent s
Academy. Together with students attending Mercy Schools
in the Baltimore Province of the Sisters of Mercy, these
girls joined in a week of activities at Camp Villa Marie
for the third annual leadership camp in Christian living.
Federal Aid Still Top Issue
In Legal Aspect Of Education
By
Vincent C. Allred
(Legal Dept.—N.C.W.C.)
Last year and the year before
this writer reported that
Federal aid to education domi
nated the legal aspect of the
educational picture. This is the
case once again and no one will
predict for how many years it
will continue.
Individuals and organizations
dedicated to public school edu
cation, repeat their pleas that
Congress must come to their
aid, but with equal force insist
that tax benefits be limited to
public schools.
Catholics, supported by the
Hierarchy, assert that if Fed
eral funds are appropriated in
general aid to education, paro
chial schools should receive an
equitable share.
There has been some shift in
the general popular reaction,
however. The intense interest
aroused in parochial schools
as the result of the 1961 Con
gressional controversy appears
to have resulted in a re-exami
nation of concepts on the sub
ject.
A Gallup poll in 1963 showed
49 per cent of those questioned
to hold that Federal aid should
include nonpublic schools, with
44 per cent favoring inclusion
of public schools only and seven
per cent expressing no opin
ion. In 1961, only 36 per cent
had favored 'inclusion of non
public schools, as against 57
per cent for public schools
only.
Constitutional concepts like
wise have been re-examined,
particularly in the light of the
Study issued by the National
Catholic Welfare Conference,
“The Constitutionality of the
Inclusion of Church-Related
Schools in Federal Aid to Edu
cation.” A number of eminent
constitutional lawyers have
come out in opposition to the
once highly popular view that
any public assistance for paro
chial schools violates the First
Amendment.
Following the failure to ob
tain enactment of a general aid
program in the 87th Congress,
companion bills were intro
duced in the House and Senate
at the opening of the 88th Con
gress in January 1963, H. R.
3000 in the House and S. 580
in the Senate. These bills,
which included the substance
of the President’s earlier mes
sage on education, are of the
“omnibus” type, 182 pages in
length and covering all levels
of education from elementary
through postgraduate.
On the level of higher educa
tion, nonpublic institutions
would have been granted more
equitable treatment than in the
past. Both public and nonpublic
colleges would be eligible to
participate in the proposed
three year billion dollar loan
program for construction of
academic facilities. Both cate
gories of schools would be eli
gible for grants for library
construction and expansion,
foreign language programs,
graduate school expansion and
college legal education of tech
nicians in engineering, science
and health.
Likewise, an existing inequi
ty would be removed, in that
forgiveness of up to 50 percent
of National Defense Educational
Act loans, now extended to stu
dents choosing a teaching ca
reer in public schools, and
public schools only, would be
extended on an across-the-
board basis to all teachers. In
several other areas nonpublic
higher education would be ex
tended equal recognition.
However, this new pattern
was not extended to nonpublic
education at the elementary and
secondary level. The Presi
dent’s proposed four-year $1.5
billion dollar program of Fed
eral grants for raising salaries
of grade and high school teach
ers and for building grade and
high school classrooms would
make funds available only to
public schools.
As, under the present law,
public grade and high schools
would get grants for science,
mathematics and foreign lan
guage teaching equipment, but
nonpublic schools could get
loans only. Likewise, only pub
lic schools would be eligible for
vocational educational funds and
Federal grants for adult basic
education.
While offering more for non
public education than previous
proposals, this failure of the
Administration to recede to a
larger degree from its ' ‘public
schools only” attitude, relative
to the elementary and secondary
grades, was a disappointment
to Catholics.
Both of these bills are still in
Committee. There are indica
tions that despite initial Ad
ministration desires to present
a single “package” on educa
tion, the House Committee on
Education and Labor has broken
its ominbus bill into three
segments—higher education,
secondary and elementary edu
cation and a “little omnibus
bill” containing the remaining
features of H. R. 3000.
The Senate Committee on La
bor and Public Welfare has been
acting even more deliberately
and has only recently begun
hearings with no definite indi
cation of what action it will
take.
Catholic spokesmen, both lay
and clerical, appeared before
the two committees painstak
ingly explaining their views.
The future of this legislation
remains shrouded in doubt.
Other issues than religion com
plicate the picture—racial se
gregation, those opposed to
Federal aid on any basis, fears
about adding to the already as
tronomical Federal budget.
There are few who wish a
repetition of the bitterness and
frustration which attended the
demise of the 1961 educational
aid legislation and the present
attitude, except for those ar
dently supporting the bills, is
apparently to let developments
take care of themselves.
Informed sources suggest
that while relatively noncon-
troversial portions of the pro
gram may be enacted, particu
larly touching higher and voca
tional education, it is improba
ble that it will pass in entirety.
Other educational aid mea
sures have been introduced by
individual members of Con
gress. Of greatest interest,
probably, was the' proposal by
Senator Ribicoff for assistance
to nonpublic schools on a broad
front which would indicate con
struction of foreign language
and mathematics classrooms,
pupil transportation and welfare
services, teacher training
and—most revolutionary of all
—Federal financing of the
* ‘shared time” approach. There
has been some discussion of
shared time on the House side,
as well; Chriaman Powell of
the Education and Labor Com
mittee has indicated consid
erable interest in it.
Other bills have been intro
duced which would provide in
come tax credits for tuition
paid, educational grants to par
ents, redeemable in schools of
their choice and other propo
sals. It is doubtful if any of these
will be enacted at this session,
but their introduction indicates
a degree of support in favor of
rendering equity to our paro
chial schools.
ON THE STATE LEVEL
There was an unfavorable
judicial decision in Oklahoma.
In 1941, the Supreme Court of
that State had held unconstitu
tional a statute authorizing
transportation of pupils attend
ing parochial schools. Gurney
v Ferguson, 122 P. 2d 1002.
However, during the past sev
eral years a practice of paro
chial school pupils riding public
school buses has prevailed in
some localities.
Such situations may develop
from friendly cooperation in a
community, or perhaps merely
because a bus driver hated to
pass kids walking along the
highway—particularly in rain
or snow.
A resident of Midwest City
filed action to enjoin the school
board from transporting child
ren to parochial schools. The
trial court rendered judgment
in his favor, and the matter
was appealed to the State Su
preme Court.
The State Supreme Court af
firmed the trial court’s de
cision, holding that the practice
violated the State constitution.
Citation not yet available. This
decision was not surprising
in view of the 1941 ruling and
for all intents and purposes
merely puts the situation back
where it was at that time.
Transportation legislation
has figured extensively in state
legislative sessions the past
year. Michigan, which had pre
viously provided for transpor
tation of parochial school pupils
at the option of local school
districts, amended its law to
require that transportation be
furnished them whenever avail
able for pupils of public schools.
Actually the coordinating of
bus service, as between pupils
of public and nonpublic schools
is a highly involved procedure
in practice because the pattern
of school location often differs
between the two groups. Pupils
may have to travel much great
er distances to get to parochial
schools and the routes allowed
do not coincide. The Michigan
statute, as amended, indicates
a praisworthy effort to meet
these problems.
Bills extending transporta
tion to parochial school pupils
were introduced in the legis
latures of Alabama, Colorado,
Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri,
Pennsylvania and Nebraska, but
none of them passed.
Efforts are being pressed to
obtain constitutional amend
ments authorizing such trans
portation in Ohio and Wiscon
sin. It is highly significant that
legislative and constitutional
movements should be initiated
in these widely separated
states, bringing the problem
forceably to the attention of
their electorates.
An unusual situation has de
veloped in Missouri. The State
Supreme Court, in 1953, in the
case of McVey v. Hawkins, 258
S. W. 2d 927, held unconstitu
tional a statute authorizing
transportation of nonpublic
school pupils on the ground that
the State Constitution prohibited
use of public school funds for
transportation of children to
other than public schools.
A bill was introduced at the
1963 legislative session to pro-
continued on Page 5)
NUCLEAR STUDENT AT OAK RIDGE
Mother M. de l’Enfant Jesus, R.S.H.M. (above), assistant
professor of chemistry at Marymount College, Tarrytown,
N. Y., recipient of a National Science Foundation grant, is
one of 12 science teachers participating in a four-week spe
cial program in “Isotope Technology” at the summer course
of the Oak Ridge (Tenn.) Institute of Nuclear Studies, given
in cooperation with the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission.
She received -her master’s .degree from the Catholic Univer
sity of America and her doctorate from the University of
London. (NC Photos)
The Southern Cross, August 29, 1963—PAGE 3
Private High Schools
To Get Financial Help
In Experimental Plan
YORKTON, Sask., (NC)—
Yorkton is planning an experi
ment which may be an answer
to the financial troubles be
setting Saskatchewan’s private
high schools.
Under existing laws public
and separate (Catholic) elemen
tary schools and public high
schools share tax money in
Saskatchewan. Private high
schools receive tax support if
no high school district has been
organized in the area.
In September, Yorkton’s two
private high schools, Sacred
Heart Academy and St. Jo
seph’s College, will be integrat
ed administratively with the
public high school system.
Yorkton school officials say
this will make available an addi
tional $90,000 in provincial
grants, plus a share of the tax
money for private schools.
There will also be a continua
tion of religious instruction in
the academy and college.
‘St. Jude"
Now“U.S.
Catholic 99
CHICAGO, (NC) —“St. Jude”
has turned "U. S. Catholic.”
The magazine founded by the
Claretian Fathers in 1934 as
the Voice of St. Jude, and later
St. Jude, has changed its name
to the U. S. Catholic with the
September issue just off the
press here. It’s a “renamed,
remodeled and, we think, im
proved magazine,” commented
Father Robert J. Leuver,
C. M. F., editor.
Featured articles in the first
U. S. Catholic issue include
“Rhythm’s New Reason,” first
of a two-part series on the
birth control controversy by
Robert Birzzolara; “CAIP
Fights for International
Peace,” by Henry W. Flannery,
dealing with the history of the
Catholic Association for Inter
national Peace; “Man of the
Bible,” by Dan Herr, an inter
view with Father John L, Mc
Kenzie, S. J., Biblical author
ity and others.
The editors note in the first
U. S. Catholic issue that the
magazine will continue to be
published under the patronage
of St. Jude.
School officials also announ
ced the following:
—The collegiate board will
hire and pay teachers on the
recommendation of school prin
cipals.
—Schools will be indepen
dent in maintenance and build
ing programs.
—There will be rental of the
separate high school facilities
for the nominal fee of one dol
lar.
—There will be rental of the
separate high school facilities.
—There will be no inter
change of teachers or students
between schools, except possi
bly in the case of special class
es where there are not enough
students in any one school to
warrant a course.
The Yorkton negotiations
grew out of a meeting last year
with Dr. Willard S. Elsbree,
head of the department of edu
cation administration at Colum
bia University.
An amendment to the secon
dary school act to allow reli
gious instruction for those who
want it during 30 minutes im
mediately before or after regu
lar school closing time paved
the way for action.
The experiment in Yorkton is
to run a year. It will then be
reviewed “to make sure it isn’t
unfair in any way,” according
to A. R. Ball, a member of the
collegiate board.
Marguerite Goen (above),
dean of students at Missis
sippi State College for Wom
en will receive the 1963 Fac
ulty Award of the National
Newman Alumni Associa
tion.
(NC Photos)
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