Newspaper Page Text
I
!
Says Chilean Bishop
Collegiality
Issue Critical
By Father John J.
Bradley, M.M.
(N.C.W.C. News Service)
TALCA, Chile — The most
critical problem still confront
ing the ecumenical council is to
spell out the concept of epis
copal collegiality, according to
Bishop Manuel Larrain of Tal-
ca, President of the Latin Am
erican Bishops* Council.
Bishop Larrain asserted that
this principle of the bishops*
full power of jurisdiction over
the Church complements rather
than counters the principle of
papal primacy. The more the
concept of collegiality is affir
med, he said, the greater the
stress is laid on "the impor
tance of the Head of the Col
lege, who is the Roman Pon
tiff.’’
A prime mover in the land
reform movement in Chile and
himself a member of the coun
cil’s commission on the lay
apostolate, Bishop Larrain
dealt with a wide range of ques
tions concerning the council in
the course of an exclusive in
terview with the N.C.W.C News
Service.
In dealing with the question
of the most vital concerns of the
council, the 63 - year - old
churchman had this to say:
"The most delicate and
fundamental problem is that
which is related to the Church,
and very especially the re
lations of the bishops with the
Roman Curia. It is necessary to
give full clarity to two princi
ples: the primacy of the Roman
Pontiff, and at the same time
the collegiality and power of the
bishops.
These are two ideas which
can and ought to be harmoni
zed perfectly, since, within
the true concept of collegiality,
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the more you affirm col
legiality, so much the more
do you exalt the importance of
the head of the college, Who is
the Roman Pontiff.’’
Concerning other council pri
orities, Bishop Larrain said:
"First of all, the schema on
ecumenism should be complet
ed, especially the sections on
the Jewish people and on reli
gious liberty, which have not yet
been dealt with.
"Next in importance, I be
lieve, is Schema 17, which deals
with the relations of the Church
with the modern world. And
lastly, the schema on the apos
tolate of the laity, which will
complete the chapter on the laity
already studied in the tract on
the Church.’’
Elaborating his views on the
council statements concerning
religious freedom and the Jews,
the Bishop stated:
"I believe that the problem
of religious liberty will be
one of the first to be treated
in the next session of the coun
cil, particularly since it forms
part of the schema on ecume
nism, which was not completed.
I believe that the great majority
of the Fathers will give their
approval to the general ideas
contained in the schema. Cer
tainly at this moment in world
history, when in practice a true
religious pluralism exists in
most nations, and when on the
other hand the ecumenical
movement is growing and devel
oping in the spirit and hopes of
all Christians, this chapter will
be of great importance for the
future of the Church. . .
Asked whether the council
might take any action regard
ing race relations, Bishop Lar
rain referred to the forthright
denunciation of racism made
before the council Fathers last
fall by Bishop Robert E. Tracy
of Baton Rouge, La.
"There was unanimous ap
proval when the North Ameri
can Bishop of Baton Rouge in
Louisiana,. Bishop Tracy,
spoke against racial dis
crimination,’’ said Bishop Lar
rain. "His speech was interrup
ted by the unanimous applause
by all the Fathers. Here we can
see very clearly how the coun
cil feels about this issue."
Turning to the question as to
whether to restore the diaconate
as a permanent order in the
Western Church, and whether
deacons should be allowed to
marry, the Chilean prelate as
serted:
"I think that it is impossible
to legislate universally about
this question, since much de
pends on the local circumstan
ces of each region. In general,
I believe it is most advisable
to reestablish the diaconate in
the Church as it was in the pri
mitive Church.
"But at the same time it is
necessary to take precise
measures assuring that this will
(Continued on Page 6)
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ECUMENICAL CONGRATULATIONS were in order when this picture was taken at the
Greek Orthodox Cathedral of St. Sophia, on Moscow Road, London. Archbishop Igino
Cardinale (left), Apostolic Delegate to Great Britain congratulates Archbishop Athena
goras II, of Thyateira, Metropolitan for the Greek Orthodox Church in Great Britain,
after the latter’s enthronement there. Waiting to offer their congratulations are Dr. Alli
son, Anglican Bishop of Winchester and Dr. Nwenham Davies, assistant to the Angli
can Bishop of London. (NC Photos)
Charges Brazil Communists
Infiltrated Church Groups
RIO DE JANEIRO (NC) — A
Catholic paper directed by a
bishop has charged that Church
organizations, particularly Ca
tholic Action, and even mem
bers of the clergy have been in
filtrated by communists in Bra
zil.
This accusation came as the
nation’s new government, which
overthrew the leftist regime of
ex-President Joao Goulart in
early April, has uncovered a
vast amount of evidence of Red
subversion.
Meanwhile, a group of Brazil
ian Bishops has asked modera
tion in the new regime’s anti
communist efforts. A cardinal
has urged Catholics to take part
in public life, but as individuals,
not representatives of the
Church. And another group of
bishops has called for national
unity to solve Brazil’s still
pressing social and economic
problems.
Leadership of the new re
gime—military men who ousted
Goulart for fear he was allowing
Marxists in his administration
to prepare for a Red takeover—
has indicated it is in agreement
with the Church’s attitude to
ward urgently needed reforms
here in Latin America’s largest
country. The War Ministry is
sued the following note (April
11):
* ‘In reply to questions by the
press about the position of the
high command of the revolution
regarding the social doctrine
of the Church expressed in the
latest statement of the Brazilian
Bishops, which points to the
need for reforms demanded by
our national development and
the underdevelopment of sev
eral areas and territories in
Brazil where the effects of
social dissatisfaction are appa
rent, Gen. Costa Silva replied
in the name of the supreme
command of the revolution: ‘The
social doctrine of the revolution
coincides with the social doc
trine of the Church. The revolu
tion shares the aspiration for
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social justice for the people.’ ”
Catholics played a leading
role in the rebellion. Long be
fore its start, a number of Bra
zilian prelates, headed by Jaime
Cardinal de Barros Camara of
Rio de Janeiro, warned against
the communist activities tol
erated by the Goulart govern
ment.
One of the first mass demon
strations leading to the revolt
took place in Belo Horizonte
where a rally of Catholics car
rying rosaries protested
against Goulart proposals for
land reform. Belo Horizonte’s
Catholic Action organization
disavowed the demonstration,
saying with the approval of Co
adjutor Archbishop Joao Rezen-
de Costa of Belo Horizonte that
' ‘religious sentiments must not
be made use of as political
instruments in the service of a
state of affairs contrary to the
Commandments and to Chris
tian teachings.”
This incident was cited in an
article in O Luzeiro Mariano,
diocesan organ of Bishop Gre
gorio Warmeling of Joinvile.
The article replied to a reader's
question asking why different
Catholic groups took opposing
sides regarding the Belo Hori
zonte rally. The paper answer
ed:
‘‘Like the overwhelming ma
jority of the Christian people
of Brazil, we place ourselves
at the side of the brave. . .
people in Belo Horizonte and of
their valiant fellow members
of the Sodality of Our Lady
against the Catholic Action of
that archdiocese.
‘‘It is well known that sec
tions of Catholic Action are
infiltrated by communists. In
the latter part of February, Au-
gusto Cardinal de Silva of Sao
Salvator de Bahia, the Cardinal
Primate of Brazil, decided to
suspend Catholic Action in his
See because of communist in
filtration.
* ‘Shortly afterwards, the sec
ond session of the Brazilian
Bishops’ Conference, fearful
of communist infiltration in Ca
tholic Action, sent a statement
to the organization’s national
assistant, Father Padilha, ex
pressing its profound concern
regarding the leftist activity of
Catholic Action and asking for
energetic measures."
Evidence of communist infil
tration unearthed by the new
government is so copious that
Rio de Janeiro’s huge Maracana
stadium is to be used to display
it to the public. Among the ma
terial seized by authorities are
guns and ammunition, large
amounts of propaganda litera
ture, codebooks and Soviet,
Red Chinese and Cuban flags.
The army has said that ac
cording to documents confis
cated when communist leaders
were arrested, the Red takeover
was scheduled for early April
or May 1. Secretly stored arms
were found even in government
buildings.
Thousands of persons sus
pected of being communists or
Red sympathizers — including
high government officials —
have been arrested, and other
thousands have been fired from
their jobs.
On April 13, Archbishop Hel-
der Camara of Olinda and Re
cife and 16 other bishops issued
a statement calling for modera
tion in the new regime’s anti
communist tactics. They said
"innocent persons” should be
released from arrest and urged
"humane treatment” for the
guilty.
Meanwhile, the 29 Bishops
of Sao Paulo state said in a
statement:
‘ ‘We appeal to the living for
ces of the nation to unite in or
der that a solution may be
found, in a spirit of understand
ing and peace, to Brazil’s seri
ous problems.”
Speaking for the state’s bi
shops, Carlos Cardinal deVas-
concelos Mota of Sao Paulo told
a group of lay leaders there that
"Catholics must surely exer
cise their political rights as
citizens and take part in public
life, but on their own responsi
bility and not in the name of the
Church, the Hierarchy or a
religious organization. If the
Church wanted to engage in poli
tics, it would organize its own
party. But the Church has no
party.”
Catholic-Orthodox
Meeting
ATHENS (NC) — A Catholic
priest and an Orthodox priest
discussed the need for Chris
tian unity here in a crowded
public hall.
The talks were well received
in this city (April 13) where
many persons are still skep
tical about relations with Rome.
There were no disturbances,
and only a few persons outside
the hall distributed leaflets at
tacking the January meeting be
tween Pope Paul VI and Pa
triarch Athenagoras in the Holy
Land.
The moderate Greek newspa
per Ethnos the next day hailed
the meeting as the first of its
kind held in Greece for many
centuries.
MARRIAGES
DeRYCKE - CARTER
The wedding of Miss Dennis
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Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Albert
Carter of Port Wentworth, and
Lt. Richard James DeRycke of
Syracuse, N. Y., was solem
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John the Baptist on April 18.
The Reverend Leonard
O’Brien officiated. The bride
groom is the son of Mr. and
Mrs. Charles DeRycke of Clay,
N. Y.
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The Southern Cross, April 23, 1964—PAGE 3
Rome-Constantinople—
(Continued From Page 1)
coexistence under Turkish rule,
and had civil as well as spirit
ual authority over the Christian
population.
All this was lost in the wake
of World War I. After the es
tablishment of the Turkish
republic and the failure of the
Greek armies’ invasion of 1921-
22, the once flourishing Greek
communities were decimated;
1.5 million Greeks were forced
to leave the country. And mod
ern Turkey took away the civ
il authority of the Ecumenical
Patriarch, along with that of
other religious communities.
The Patriarch himself, -Mel-
etios IV, had to flee Turkey in
1923, and one of his success
ors was brutally expelled.
The patriarchate gained new
vigor in 1948, however, with the
election to the patriarchal
ithrone of Athenagoras I, the
former Archbishop of North and
South America, who had spent
nearly 18 years in the United
States.
Having a brilliant and per
ceptive mind, Patriarch Athen
agoras immediately undertook a
policy looking toward the world
wide spread of Orthodoxy. He
held that the destiny of Ortho
doxy lies in the West, and that a
rapproachment with Rome was
necessary.
The outstretched hand of
Pope John XXIII, evidently sup
ported by a large majority of the
Roman Church and of the Fa
thers of the Second Vatican
Council, appreared as a pro
vidential support for the Pa
triarch’s goal of Western pen
etration.
The Orthodox view is that
sooner or later the Catholics
will be "converted" to Ortho
doxy. Thus when Pope John dis
patched a pontifical mission—
headed by his close friend, the
late Archbishop Giacomo Testa
—bearing a personal message
and gifts to Patriarch Athena
goras, the popular Orthodox
view was that this was con
firmation of the Pope’s desire
to resume friendly relations
with the Eastern Church, the
sole depository of the ancient
Christian tradition.
All seemed to go well until the
opening of the Second Vatican
Council, in October 1962.
There were no official observ
ers from the Phanar and the rest
of the Greek Orthodox world.
This reticence had only one
meaning—that the Greek Ortho
dox thought there should be
some advance concessions from
Orthodox Leader
Says Union Possible
ST. MARY-0F-THE-WOODS,
Ind. (NC) — Catholics and Or
thodox Christians share a
* ‘truly vast area of agreement,"
an Orthodox leader said here.
But, added Metropolitan An
tony Bashir, head of the U. S.
archdiocese of the Syrian Anti
ochian Orthodox Church, "re
union will not result from re
viewing with satisfaction the
much that we share but from the
prayerful, charitable and pa
tient examination of the little
in which we differ.”
Archbishop Bashir spoke at
an unusual Catholic-Orthodox
gathering (April 15) that fol
lowed a private meeting with
Archbishop Paul C. Schulte of
Indianapolis.
The meeting between the two
prelates, according to its or
ganizers, was intended to
"symbolize” the historic meet
ing earlier this year in the Holy
Land between Pope Paul VI and
Orthodox Patriarch Athena
goras I of Istanbul.
The meeting and a dinner af
terwards for Catholic and Or
thodox clergy, civic leaders and
others was held at St. Mary-of-
the-Woods College.
At the conclusion of the din
ner the two Archbishops led
those present in a litany of uni
ty adapted from a prayer com
posed by the World Council of
Churches. Each then gave the
group his blessing.
Archbishop Bashir spoke at
the dinner on "Possibilities of
Reunion between Catholicism
and Orthodoxy.”
He called this a * ‘most excit
ing and exhilarating time” for
Christians. "The age of mutual
reciminations and proliferating
schisms appears to be drawing
to a close, and all who profess
loyalty to the Lord Jesus Christ
feel now the challenge of His
will that ‘all may be one,’ " he
said.
From the Orthodox viewpoint,
he said, the "most encourag
ing” development of recent
years was the suggestion of the
late Pope John XXIII that "seri
ous consideration be given to
Orthodox and Roman reunion."
"The resistance or indiffer
ence of a few Orthodox spokes
men, the evident alarm of some
Protestant ecumenicists, and
the extreme caution of later
comments from Rome, do not
detract from the value of this
truly courageous act,” he said.
Archbishop Bashir said the
(Continued on Page 6)
Says Vatican Council To
Condemn Anti-Semitism
MIAMI BEACH, Fla. (NC) —
A Catholic educator and legal
expert predicted to the Ameri
can Jewish Congress national
convention here that the ecu
menical council will adopt a
clear condemnation of anti-
Semitism.
Father Robert F. Drinan,
S. J., dean of the Boston College
law school, said past delays
in approving the statement make
it likely that it will be "more
specific and lend even greater
clarity to the total repudiation
of any type of anti-Semitism
based on the calumny that the
Jewish people were responsi
ble for the Crucifixion.”
Father Drinan, taking part
in a panel discussion on Chris-
tian-Jewish relations in the
U. S., urged that Catholic and
Jewish groups join in seeking
"the fullness of religious free
dom for all persons—those with
faith and those with no faith."
He said Catholic-Jewish dif
ferences over "the constitu
tionality of certain practices"
should not "divert us from the
fact that Catholics and Jews
both share the same experience
of having fought for religious
equality."
“This struggle, which each
of us has waged separately,
should bring us closer toge
ther," he said.
Another panelist, the Rev.
David R. Hunter, associate gen
eral secretary of the National
Council of Churches, called for
a common approach by the three
major faiths on the question of
religion in public education.
The Rev. Hunter criticized
prayer and Bible reading in
schools but said that teaching
"about religion" is an "inte
gral part of liberal education."
He conceded that it would take
“some doing" by Protestants,
Catholics and Jews to achieve
agreement on the issue, and
added: "The doing will depend
chiefly on the will to do."
Rabbi Morris N. Kertzer of
Larchmont, N. Y., said that as a
result of the current "unfash
ionable” status of religious
prejudice, "true feelings are
often submerged."
But, he said, "subterranean
tensions still remain in con
siderable force, and we must
not be beguiled by the seeming
spirit of tranquility." He warn
ed of "growing tension that
will undoubtedly arise” over
the religion-in-the-schools is
sue.
Howard M. Squadron, Ameri
can Jewish Congress vice
president who was panel mod
erator, said cooperation on civil
rights among Catholics, Pro
testants and Jews had stren
gthened relations and increased
understanding among the three
faiths. He warned, however, that
"we must be on guard that in
the interests of interreligious
harmony we do not sacrifice
social justice or the constitu
tional principles to which we
are dedicated.”
Rome. Within the Church of
Greece — the State Church,
which is in communion with but
not subject to the Ecumenical
Patriarch — there remains a
hard core of antipathy to the Ca
tholic Church.
But Patriarch Athenagoras
continues to work to remove
all the old quarrels with Rome.
His pilgrimage to Jerusalem
last January to meet and pray
with Pope Paul—over the bit
ter opposition of leading pre
lates of the Church of Greece
—was not a culmination but
simply another step in his de
termined course.
As a Greek with a lofty clas
sical cultural background, the
Patriarch is an idealist as well
as an opportunist and an excel
lent politician. He has a sort
of apocalyptic vision foreseeing
the future not in terms of months
or years but on the scale of
a century.
He is all too aware that the
Eastern Church has lost major
out-posts in the ancient realm
of Orthodoxy. The Patri
archate of Antioch is now vir
tually no more than a name.
The situation is the same for
the Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
And the Orthodox Patriar
chate of Alexandria lost most of
its importance after the mas
sive Greek emigration from
Egypt in the 1950s.
The Ecumenical Patriarchate
itself is confined within the bor
ders of the city of Istanbul, in
compliance with the Treaty of
Lausanne of 1923, The embit
tered relations between Greeks
and Turks resulting from the
Cyprus dispute in the past de
cade have made life within the
patriarchate increasingly diffi
cult.
The patriarchate neverthe
less has a worldwide moral and
spiritual authority extending to
Africa, Australia, North and
South America, and Western
Europe. These are the regions
where the spread of Orthodoxy
has the best chance. There are
also the regions where the
Church of Rome is strongest.
Thus the future of Orthodoxy is
either to live side by side with
Catholicism, or else to be swal
lowed up into Catholicism. If
the latter is to be avoided an
accord with Rome is neces
sary. It is destined to be.
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