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By John J. Kane, Ph, D.
Professor of Sociology
University of Notre Dame
i We recently had a Sunday
visitation to Protestant church
es, I did not go because I can
not approve of this idea. For
years I was told it was wrong
to participate in non-Catholic
services. I cannot understand
,some of the sudden changes in
the Church. Can you explain
this visitation to me?
# # ❖
As' a result of Pope John
XXIII and the Vatican Coun
cil there have been changes in
the entire area of Protestant-
Catholic relationships. These
were long overdue. If there is
ever to be a sincere ecumeni-
'cal movement among Chris
tians, it cannot occur unless
channels of communication are
opened between Protestants and
Catholics. One method of doing
_t,his would appear to be church
visitations.
Following the Protestant re
formation, relationships be
tween Roman Catholics and
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Protestant bodies were severe
ly strained. This is really an
understatement. More correct
ly, open conflict broke out.
Any Catholic acquainted with
church history is aware that
there were certain abuses with
in the Catholic Church. Ca
tholics do not believe that the
Protestant reformation brought
about changes, but the Catholic
Counterreformation which fol
lowed, did. Nevertheless, there
was an era of very hard feel
ing on both sides.
This situation involved poli
tics and economics as well as
religion, especially in England.
As a result of these conflicts
of interest, a considerable
amount of anti-Catholic senti
ment among Protestants and
anti - Protestant sentiment
among Catholics developed.
These attitudes and behav
iors were imported to the new
world during the colonial pe
riod. For the most part the
United States was originally
settled by Protestants, Pil
grims and Puritans in the north,
the Church of England in the
south and later Quakers in
Pennsylvania, The only Catho
lic colony that ever existed
in the thirteen colonies was
Maryland and that too ultimate
ly became Protestant. Catholics
suffered severe prejudice in
most of the colonies with the
exception of Pennsylvania,
Maryland and Rhode Island.
Later, following the failure
of the potato crops in Ire
land, large numbers of Irish
Catholics came to the United
States. These people usually
were poor, rural, Catholic to
the core and strongly anti-
Protestant as a result of per
secution suffered in their
homeland at the hands of Eng
lish Protestants. At this period
of American history a militant
Irish Catholicism met head on
with a militant Protestantism.
The result was open conflict.
In Philadelphia two Catholic
churches were burned to the
ground as well as a rectory, a
convent and a seminary. Irish
Catholic homes were destroy
ed and some persons were killed
on both sides. Still later there
arose the Know Nothing Party,
the American Protective Asso
ciation and the Ku Klux Klan.
Following World War II there
was a revival of anti-Catholi
cism and during the campaign
of Alfred E. Smith and John F.
Kennedy further evidence of it
was seen.
It would be a mistake to be
lieve that all of this could be
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charged exclusively to Pro
testants. Catholics too play
ed their part. But since they
were less numerous and less
powerful, their opposition was
expressed more often as latent
rather than open hostility.
Because of this conflict a
great gulf spread itself be
tween Christians: Protestant
and Catholic. While some ef
forts were made to close this
gulf at various times, it was
not until the reign of John
XXIII that the most notable pro
gress occurred. It is diffi
cult to love people if you don’t
know them, Perhaps it is a fair
statement to say that American
Catholics and American Pro
testants for most part never
really knew each other. Here is
where church visitations may
help.
Protestants certainly have
some strange ideas about
Catholics, Catholic churches
and Catholic services. Ca
tholics have some very strange
ideas about Protestants, Pro
testant churches and Protestant
services.
A Catholic is not permitted
to participate in Protestant ser
vices but this does not mean
that he cannot visit a Protes
tant church nor attend as a non
participating observer in a fun
eral or wedding in honor of a
Protestant friend.
The whole idea of these visi
tations by Catholics to Protes
tant churches (and incidentally
by Protestants to Catholic
churches) is not to convert
either party. Rather, it is to
make clear just what the
churches are like, what kinds of
services occur there and to give
some general idea of the be
liefs.
All this is a friendly ges
ture, similar to that which oc
curs when you visit the home of
a neighbor or friend. From it
will hopefully develop a closer
relationship among Protestants
and Catholics which in turn
could lead to their joint parti
cipation in many kinds of civic
affairs. It should go a long way
toward breaking down the pre
judices of the past and prevent
discriminations in the future.
No doubt there are some
people—both Protestants and
Catholics—who object to this
type of visitation. Obviously,
it is never easy to change at
titudes, which one had held
over a long period of time.
Yet a change of attitude in this
area is absolutely essential.
In some dioceses bishops
have given specific permission
and approval to these visita
tions. No Catholic should feel
conscience stricken about tak
ing advantage of this oppor
tunity. Furthermore, if Catho
lics do not visit Protestant
churches, one can scarcely
blame Protestants for not visit-
in Catholic churches.
If the prayer of Our Lord
that they may all be one is ever
to be realized, the first step is
to revise our attitudes of each
other in charity and in justice.
Church visitations may help us
to do just that.
* * *
Dr. Kane will be unable to
answer personal mail. How
ever, he welcomes your sug
gestions of topics that would
particularly interest you. Ad
dress Dr. Kane in care of this
newspaper.
Ties-
(Continued From Page 3)
—members of the Federacion
Nacional de Charros.
The Pope also gave the tra
ditional name-day audience to
members of the Circle of St.
Peter, a charitable organization
of Romans, associated with Ita
lian Catholic Action. They gave
him the usual gift of flowers and
fruit and the Peter’s pence they
collect in the churches of Rome.
Pope Paul in his speech of
thanks recalled that he too had
been a member of the St. Peter’s
Circle.
Lay Theologians
To Be Encouraged
LONDON (NC) — The New
man Association, focal point
of lay leadership inside the
Catholic Church in Britain, has
called for an intensive theology
study drive among the laity.
The association of Catholic
university graduates and pro
fessional people said in its
annual report that a theologi
cally literate laity and lay theo
logians are an essential need
for the Church’s practical ap
proaches to its own renewal and
the world’s social problems.
“Only the participation by the
laity in the field of theology
can readily draw it away from
its rather abstract appearance
and fully into the service of the
Church so that it can creatively
influence secular culture and
form the proper basis of a living
integrated faith,’’ it declared.
The association is proposing
to help in this by getting away
from the present lecture sys
tem, with one person talking
to a passive audience, to a
“sub cricle’’ plan, “Sub cir
cles’’ in residential areas ra
ther than in city centers are
formed by members who meet
alternatively in each other’s
homes. All take part in a living
intellectual and spiritual com
munity by discussing such sub
jects as ecumenism, the litur
gy, the Church and current soc
ial problems, marriage and
family apostolates and catech-
etics. The aim is to develop
an educated laity capable of
leading the dialogue with the
unbeliever.
Tney need clerical coopera
tion but as professional people
themselves have much to con
tribute to development of such
a “living theology,’’ the report
said.
On the renewal of the Church
and frustrations of some edu
cated people at its slowness,
Oliver Pratt, association presi
dent, said the Newman project
is more than a safety valve.
Criticism which is not
constructive could become anti
clericalism,. It must produce
new and positive ideas contri
buting to the renewal.
Relic Of St Andrew To
Be Returned To Orthodox
VATICAN CITY (NC) — Pope
Paul VI has announced he will
return the relic of St. Andrew,
the brother of St. Peter, to the
Orthodox Church in Patras,
Greece, where tradition says
he was martyred.
The Pope told an assembly of
cardinals (June 23) the transfer
of the relic is being made at the
request of Orthodox Metropoli
tan Constantine of Patras.
The relic, said to be the head
of the Apostle, was taken from
Constantinople by the crusaders
in 1204 so that, in the Pope's
words, “it might be worthily
preserved next to the tomb of
his brother, St. Peter, with the
intention that it might be re
turned one day, God willing.’’
His gesture, the Pope said,
testifies “to our veneration for
the Greek Orthodox Church and
to our intention to open our bro
therly heart to it, in the faith
and charity of the Lord.’’
Pope Paul said the council
Fathers would venerate the
relic at the third session of the
Vatican council, and it would
then be taken to Patras by a pa
pal mission.
Christian tradition credits St.
Andrew with preaching the Gos
pel in Asia Minor and Greece,
and an early tradition holds that
he was crucified in Patras. In
the fourth century the relic of
the Apostle was taken to Con
stantinople, and in 1204 to the
Cathedral of St. Andrew in
Amalfi, in central Italy.
First Holy
Communion At
Pine Mountain
Father Timothy Ryan, assis
tant Pastor of St. Anne Church,
Columbus, administered First
Holy Communion at Christ the
King Mission, Pine Mountain,
Georgia.
The newly founded Mission,
located on Highway 27, six miles
south of Ida Cason Calloway
Gardens, was opened on Feb
ruary 2, the Feast of the Pur
ification. Christ the King Mis
sion serves the residents of
Harris County as well as visi
tors to the Gardens. Father
Ryan has been serving as pas
tor of the Church.
Sister Mary Hildegarde, St.
Francis Hospital, Columbus,
conducted catechetical instruc
tions to prepare the communi
cants. In May Sister Hildegarde
celebrated her sixtieth anniver
sary of being in the service of
God. Sister Mary Veronica as
sisted Sister Hildegarde.
A Communion breakfast was
served immediately after Mass.
FIRST COMMUNION was received by these three children
at Christ The King Mission, Pine Mountain, Georgia. Pic
tured here with the children are Father Timothy Ryan and
Sister Mary Hildegarde of St. Francis Hospital, Columbus,
who prepared the children for First Communion.
Threat To Child—
(Continued From Page 1)
aims and nature in terms prin
cipally, if not exclusively, of the
personal perfection of those who
enter it,” he said. “But even
these, to the extent that their
thought remains somewhere in
the mainstream of humane and
religious traditions, would pro
bably agree that the first res
ponsibility to the family as a
family, xif the parent as a par
ent, is to the child.
The bishop urged that Catho
lics take a close look at the
real meaning behind the slogan
“responsible parenthood.”
* ‘Like every slogan,” he said,
* ‘it contains enough of truth to
be attractive, plausible, per
suasive. But like many slogans
it involves equivocation.”
The real question in regard to
responsible parenthood, he said
is “responsible to whom?”
“Unless the answer includes
God, and Him first served, there
is likely to be neither respon
sibility nor parenthood,” he
said. “Unless it means respon
sibility to the children within
the family—and this first and
foremost—there seems scant
use to talk of responsibility to
India or to the Federal govern
ment’s programs or to anything
else.”
Contrasting the contraceptive
.with the Christian approach to
marriage and the family, Bishop
Wright warned that * ‘contracep
tion’s ‘no’ to life eventually be
comes the ‘no’ of abortion and
of perversions of even more
evil.”
“This is not the ‘gee whiz’
argument; it is the plain fact
demonstrated by countries
which have made the initial
‘no’ and failed to revoke it,”
he said.
“We live in an anti-baby,
increasingly anti - child so
ciety,” Bishop Wright said. “It
becomes our duty as partis
ans of a child-centered concept
of society and civilization to
battle for the rights of the chil
dren and of the family that
protects these.”
The Southern Cross, July 2, 1964—PAGE 5
CAPPING CEREMONY —Ten nurses of the Class of 1966 were presented their caps
at a capping ceremony at St. Francis Hospital, Columbus. Those receiving caps are (left
to right) Mary Anne Bridges, Joy Lorraine Locklar, Janice Lynn Jelks, Carol Ann Jemi-
gan, Sarah Dianne Bryans, Glenna Lee Ray, Barbara Lee Smith, Cheryl Anne Davis,
Stephanie Anne Seamands, and Lucretia Dianne Midgette. The Rev. Richard Birdsall,
S.D.S., delivered the sermon and blessed the caps. Sister M. Hildegarde presented the
processional and recessional for the ceremony.
Prejudice Less In Textbooks
CINCINNATI (NC) — Text
books used in Catholic and pub
lic schools are for the most
part free from “positive pre
judice,” according to Father
Herman H. Kenning, assistant
archdiocesan superintendent of
schools.
Father Kenning, who ex
amines new textbooks each
year, said that where prejudice
is discovered, it occurs usually
in the form of “omissions, or
negative attitudes.”
In the Catholic texts he has
examined in recent years, he
told an audience at Fellowship
House (June 23): “I am fully
convinced there is no evidence
of positive prejudice.”
And the omissions that re
flect bias, he added, are more
likely to be the result of ig
norance rather than malice.
Father Kenning suggested
that a source of more serious
concern at the present time is
"another kind of prejudice,
which is very seldom talked
about.”
“I am speaking of the pre
judice against the culturally
deprived,” he said, “which is
found in many textbooks.” Il
lustrations showing well-dres
sed children of affluent
families, he indicated, “neg
lect to acquaint the children in
our schools with the problems
that affect so many people in
our way of life.”
Croat Priest
Convicted By
GermanCourt
BONN, Germany (NC) — Fa
ther Raphael Medic-Skoko was
among 13 Croats sentenced to
prison terms ranging from 3
to 15 years for the burning of
the Yugoslav diplomatic mis
sion in Bad Godesberg near
here and murder of its janitor
on Nov. 29, 1962.
Although Father Medic-Skoko
was not physically present at
the arson attack on the Yugo
slav property, evidence at the
eight-week trial pointed to him
as the organizer and master
mind of the attack. He was sen
tenced to four years of impri
sonment at hard labor.
Fran jo Percic, who killed the
janitor of the Yugoslav mission,
Momcilo Popovic, and wound
ed another mission employe,
was sentenced to 15 years of
penal servitude in a German
penitentiary.
According to observers at the
trial, the purpose of the attack
on the Yugoslav mission was to
call attention to persecution of
the Croatian clergy and Catho
lics by the government of Mar
shal Tito in Yugoslavia.
All the 25 Croats originally
accused of participation in the
arson attack were members of a
Croat nationalist organization
known as Krizari (Cross Bro
therhood), founded by Father
Medic-Skoko in 1960, with an
nounced religious, anticom
munist and nationalist aims.
This new exile group was re
cognized by the West German
government and functioned in
the 'province of North Rhine-
Westphalia until it was banned
following the burning of the
mission.
At the time of the attack on
the Yugoslav mission, the build
ing was being cared for by
Sweden, as diplomatic relations
were severed between Yugosla
via and the Federal Republic of
Germany when Tito recognized
the communist government in
east Germany.
Father Kenning called atten
tion to a recently completed
three-year study of 65 Roman
Catholic textbooks on religion,
which rated the books “over
whelmingly positive” in their
treatment of racial and ethnic
groups but charged that some
“negative and distorted atti
tudes” toward Protestants,
Jews and other non-Catholic
groups existed.
In correcting these atti
tudes, Father Kenning said, “I
believe that teachers are in
advance of the texts.”
“Such a change of attitude
toward the teaching of religion
is going on in Catholic circles,”
Stresses
Equality
For Wbmen
MUNICH, Germany (NC) —
Everything the Church is pro
claiming today about the lay
apostolate and its worldwide
mission should be applied also
to women, Father Karl Rahner,
S.J., told participants in a meet
ing here of the Bavarian branch
of the German Federation of Ca
tholic Women.
Speaking at a meeting dealing
with “women and the Church”
Father Rahner, an official coun
cil expert, stated:
“Theoretically this position
of equality is no longer being
disputed, but in practice much
still remains to be desired. For
example, although laymen were
admitted to the council, there
were no women.”
Asserting that the question of
admission of women to priestly
functions through ordination
may not be considered yet “be
cause so much more remains to
be done inside the Church in the
field of equality for women,”
Father Rahner said that ' ‘the
official Church press must
avoid giving mere lip service to
women’s equality and free itself
from the prejudice that the
tasks which can be entrusted to
laymen can only be given to
men.”
“Because of the lack of
priests,” the German theolo
gian continued, “the Church to
day is compelled to call on
women to occupy posts in the
hierarchical apostolate, whe
ther in giving catechetical in
struction, doing welfare work or
acting as aides in pastoral work.
More than previously, care
should be taken by the clergy
not to look upon these women's
tasks as subordinate auxiliary
jobs, but rather consider the
women as independent, re
specting their dignity and per
sonal responsiblity for such
work.”
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he said, “that it can only be
called a revolution.”
The ecumenical council will
bring about additional changes
in Catholic textbooks, he pre
dicted, and added that he hoped
to see the proposed declaration
on religious freedom included
in the books.
In times past there was
much anti-Catholic material in
books used in the public schools,
Father Kenning said, and "even
today we see evidence of anti-
Catholic prejudice in some text
books.’’
“In fact, you might say that
prejudice in textbooks accounts
for the very origin of the Ca
tholic school system,” he said,
explaining that it was establish
ed primarily as a means of de
fending and preserving the F aith
of Catholic children.
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