Newspaper Page Text
PAGE 2—The Southern Cross, November 5, 1964
LOVE for the sick, the handicapped, the crippled, marked the life of Blessed Luigi Guan-
ella, the social action priest whom Pope Paul VI beatified (Oct. 25). Here the Holy
Father kneels to chat with a group cf youngsters from the Father Guanella Home in
Rome. (NC Photos)
Greek Church Remote
From Roman Customs
(The following article on the
Orthodox Church of Greece —
the largest of the Greek Ortho
dox Churches represented at
this November’s Pan - Orthodox
conference on the island of
Rhodes — was written by a na
tive of Athens who is a Jesuit
and a prominent historian.)
rigorous that lay people are re
quired to abstain from eating
meat, fish, eggs and milk, and
from sexual relations, for a
whole week before receiving Ho
ly Communion.
* * *
In general, customs surround
ing the celebration of the sac
raments vary a great deal from
those in use in the Latin Rite
Catholic Church.
by Father Paul Buhagiar, S.J.
(N.C.W.C. News Service)
ATHENS—While close to Cath
olic teaching in the field of doc
trine, the Orthodox Church of
Greece in its sacramental life
and many other customs is
light-years away from Catholic
practice — Latin Rite practice
at least.
The sacrament of Baptism is
given by immersion: The body
of the baby is thrust into the
water three times. And as in
Eastern Catholic rites, the form
of administration is passive:
“(Name) is baptized in the
name of the Father, of the Son
andi of the Holy Spirit.”
Among its customs are these:
• All the secular clergy must
be married before ordination to
the diaconate, and must have
at least one child before they
can be ordained priests.
Immediately after Baptism,
within the same ceremony, the
sacrament of Confirmation is
given the baby by the same
priest. The two sacraments are
never dissociated.
• No man is ordained to the
priesthood unless there is al
ready a vacancy in a parish
church or chapel to which he
can be assigned.
• While lay theologians are
authorized to preach, there are
many pastors who because their
education is inadequate are nev
er permitted either to preach or
hear confessions.
• Bishops are chosen from
the ranks of the monks, as bish
ops must be unmarried.
• Monks are not bound' to live
in monasteries, and many re
side at home with their parents
or other relatives.
For the sacrament of Pen
ance, the Greek Church pre
serves some of the austerity it
had in the first centuries of
Christianity. There are no con
fessionals. Moreover, absolution
is not given at the end of the
confession, but only after the
performance of the penance.
Penances vary—the most com
mon being the abstention from
Holy Communion for a period
of time, but including almsgiv
ing, the recitation of special
prayers, and the reception of
the sacrament of the Anointing
—and can be imposed for pe
riods lasting months or even
years. When the penance is ful
filled, the penitent returns to
the priest for absolution.
The Eucharistic fast is so
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For the reception of Holy
Communion, the fast required of
the laity becomes more strin
gent as the time approaches:
In addition to the weeklong fast
from meat, fish, eggs and milk,
the people must also abstain
from olive oil — the staple of
the Greek diet — for the three
days immediately preceding
Communion. And a total fast
from all liquids and solids is re
quired beginning at midnight of
the day of Communion.
Because priests usually cele
brate the Divine Liturgy (Mass)
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every Sunday, they are not sub
ject to the same fasting regula
tions. If they were, they would
presumably have to fast per
petually.
While ordination to the priest
hood is a simpler rite than in
the Catholic Church in the West,
the marriage rite is longer and
more complicated. In cases it
judges serious, the Orthodox
Church grants divorce and per
mits remarriage. But nobody is
allowed to marry more than
three times, even if thrice a
widow or widower.
The Church of Greece has two
major penitential seasons, cor
responding to Lent and Advent,
when fast and abstinence are
required. The pre-Paschal fast,
beginning on the Monday before
the first Sunday of Lent, is the
same as the strict Eucharistic
fast. Thus it bars meat, fish,
eggs, milk and olive oil. Sexual
continence is also required. But
olive oil is permitted on Sun
days, and fish also is allowed
for Palm Sunday. The pre-
Christmas fast, beginning Nov.
15, is the same, except that
eating fish is permitted. There
are similar fasts prior to the
feasts of SS. Peter and Paul
(one week) and the Dormitioh
(Assumption) of the Blessed
Virgin (two weeks).
As to the question of the ob
servance of these customs, it
can be said that the country
people — about 50% of the
more than 8.1 million members
of the Church of Greece (which
takes in well over 90% of the
total population) — abide by
the fasting regulations strictly.
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Our Lady Of Lourdes
Catholic Youth Week
by Steven Scully
Catholic Youth Week at Our
Lady of Lourdes Parish, Colum
bus, began with a communion
breakfast sponsored by the Lit
tle Apostles of Our Lady of
Lourdes School. All high school
and junior high students in the
parish received Holy Commun
ion together at the 9:30 Mass
and had breakfast afterwards in
the school cafetorium.
Col. Lissner from Fort Ben-
ning spoke at the breakfast. He
reminded his audience of their
duty as Catholics and explained
how each one is accountable
for every second of his life.
That evening the eighth grade
sponsored a party for the par
ents. There were many con
tests for. which prizes were giv
en. Though there were many
stiff joints on Monday, all en
joyed themselves thoroughly.
On Thursday, the high school
and junior high school students
attended a Bible Vigil led by
the pastor, Father Dowling.
Many non-catholics attended.
Cookies and punch were served
in the cafetorium afterwards
and all enjoyed the evening
very much.
But if it is difficult to re
ceive Penance and Holy Com
munion, it is extremely easy to
receive the sacrament of the
Anointing. Whereas in the West
this sacrament traditionally has
been reserved for those in dan
ger of death, in Greece it is
given for the remission of sms-
on Wednesday of Holy Week ev
erybody in church receives Unc
tion—and for illness, not neces
sarily serious. Actually, the sac
rament is seldom given when
there is a danger of death, as
there is a widespread 1 belief
among the people that it would
hasten death.
The eighth grade of the par
ish sponsored Catholic Youth
Week for the school. Each morn
ing one of the Little Apostles
spoke over the P.A. System, re
minding the students of their
place in the world as Catholic
Youth.
On Tuesday an essay compe
tition was held. All of the grad
es competed except the first
grade. The winners were as fol
lows:
In the senior group, the win
ner was Kathy Kinnard, sixth
grade; Jean Blake of the fifth
grade was the winner of the
next group; Linda High was the
winner in the third grade; and
Kathy Custer was the winner in
the second grade. The title of
the essay was “The Role of the
Liturgy
Changes
Discussed
The Rev. Timothy Flaherty,
O.S.B., spoke at the monthly
meeting of the Sacred Heart
Parish Council on Monday eve
ning, October 26, concerning the
forthcoming changes in the li
turgy of the Church, some to
become effective on the first
Sunday of Advent and others on
the first Sunday of Lent. “These
changes,” he said, “Will result
in greater participation on the
part of the laity in church serv
ices especially in the Mass.”
A letter from the Deanery
Chairman of the Confraternity
of Christian Doctrine gave a
comprehensive account of the
important role of this commit
tee in the work of the church.
A discussion followed especially
concerning one phase of this
work, the Apostles of Good Will.
Mrs. H. A. Stamey, presi
dent, announced that the Parish
Council had served as hostess
at the recent meeting of St.
Mary’s Home Guild and at the
fall meeting of the Savannah
Deanery. Mrs. Stamey repre
sented the Council on the Sa
vannah Catholic Program on
October 18 when she used as
her topic, “St. Margaret Mary,
Handmaid of the Sacred Heart”.
A social hour followed the
meeting.
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Next was the Bible Stand Con
test. The Bible stands were
beautifully decorated by the stu
dents. The ideas were their own
and the teachers gave no help.
The winners were grade 2,
grade 5 and grade 7.
On Friday the students dress
ed in costumes representing
their favorite saints. There were
many attractive costumes. Mrs.
Winters and Mrs. Mercer were
the judges. The winners were
as follows:
ESSAY Competition Winners: Linda High, 3rd grade;
Kathy Kinmard, 6th grade; Jean Blake; 5th grade;
Kathy Custer, 2nd grade.
1st grade—Karen Custer as St.
Joan of Arc; 2nd grade—Eric
Rollison as St. Michael; 3rd
grade—Linda High as St. The-
rese; 4h grade—Suzanne Hay
nes as St. Bernadette; 5th grade
—Tommy Smith as Juan of
Guadalupe; 6th grade—Jacque
line Turner as St. Catherine of
Sienna; 7th grade—Joan Oswald
as Veronica.
Friday afternoon, the eighth
grade presented a program en
titled. “Georgia-Our State”. The
program was attended by the
entire school and was thorough
ly enjoyed by all. There were
poems and songs by Georgia
poets, reports on several indus
tries, a brief history of Georgia,
and the singing of the state
song.
To close the week, the high
school held a dance on Sunday
evening. It was attended by
students of all area high schools.
HIGH SCHOOL and junior high school students ac-.
companied by non-catholic friends attending the Bible
Vigil conducted by Father W. P. Dowling, Pastor.
Cardinal Sees
Hope For Church
In East Europe
VIENNA (NC) — Franciskus
Cardinal Koenig of Vienna told
newsmen here that he hoped
atheism would eventually be
dropped as an official policy of
east European states.
The Austrian prelate, who has
served as a Vatican diplomat,
said there are already signs
that communist nations are al
lowing a greater freedom for
religious practices. He said he
thought it possible that commu
nism might drop its insistence
on atheistic doctrines.
The cardinal urged newsmen
to refrain from writing exces
sively critical articles about
Church-state relations in com
munist nations, as these might
hurt the future of the Church.
WINNERS in the parade of Saints are as follows: 1st
grade—Karen Custer as St. Joan of Arc; 2nd grade—
Eric Rollison as St. Michael; 3rd grade—Linda High
as St. Therese; 4th grade— Suzane Haynes as St.
Bernadette; 5th grade—Tommy Smith as Juan of Gua
dalupe; 6th grade—Jacqueline Turner as St. Cathe
rine of Sienna ; 7th grade—-Joan Oswald as Veronica.
Nation Enters Period
Of Post-Election Calm
by J. J. Gilbert
WASHINGTON (NC) — The
United States has just conduct
ed the 30th national election
held on a common voting day.
Now, as after every election, A-
mericans have set about smooth
ing down the feathers ruffled
in pre-election campaigns.
In every national campaign,
it seems, there is a certain a-
mount of intemperance in
speech and accusation. Some of
the things historians tell us a-
bout the antics of 150, 100 and
50 years ago shock us today.
date because they feared it
would benefit Catholics, whom,
they were striving to keep from
office and influence. At any
rate, in 1844, the year that Con
gress began to wrestle with the
chore of fixing a uniform elec
tion date, “native American”
mobs attacked Catholic church
es in Philadelphia and burned
at least two of them to the
ground.
new development, it is interest
ing to recall that in 1840 the
Catholic Hierarchy of the U.S.
saw fit to include in a pastoral
letter a section dealing with
“The Sacred Obligation of the
Ballot.” In it, the Bishops warn
ed against “the havoc of mor
als, and the wreck of religion
which political excitement has
wrought.”
An Act of Congress of Jan. 23,
1845, called for “a uniform time
for holding elections for elec
tors of President and Vice Pres
ident in all the States of the
Union.” The first uniform elec
tion was held on Nov. 7, 1848.
When Sunday could not be
agreed upon, Monday was sug
gested as the day. This too was
opposed, for one reason because
it was believed many people
would have to travel on Sunday
in order to vote on Monday.
This again was said to violate
the Sabbath.
Before that, each state fixed
its own date, but elections were
held at least 34 days before the
Monday after the second Wed
nesday in December, the day
presidential electors met in
their respective states. The ear
lier variance in dates produced
some abuses, including the
practice of some unscrupulous
persons living near state bor
derlines to vote in one state on
one election day and in another
state on another. Travel being
what it was at the time, it was
felt this practice would be
thwarted if all states held elec
tions on the same day.
So, it was established that the
“Tuesday after the first Monday
in November” should be the
common election day every
fourth year. This insures a date
not later than Nov. 8.
The Bishops said “the pe
riods which precede our great
elections are usually marked by
extraordinary excitement. Asso
ciations are formed, committees
are appointed, clubs are organ
ized, party spirit is excited, the
tongue and the pen are embit
tered by virulence, truth is dis
regarded.” They called on the
faithful to “avoid the contami
nating influence of political
strife.”
When it came time to fix the
uniform voting date under the
Act of 1845 there was more de
bate. It was proposed to make
it a Sunday, as it was a non
work day, theoretically at least,
and would insure the biggest
voter turnout. Besides, elections
in Europe were generally held
on Sunday. This was opposed
from several angles. Some held
it would violate the Sabbath;
others wanted no part of any
thing smacking of Europe.
Not only travel but all forms
of communication have advanc
ed dramatically in the last 120
years. While this progress would
have helped to solve some of
the problems attending the fix
ing of a common voting date, it
has increased tremendously the
dissemination of intemperate po
litical charges, written or spo
ken. Students of such matters
point out that in earlier elec-
tions most of the “smears”
were local in origin and effect,
while today the worst of them
are national in scope and effect.
Besides being evil in them
selves, vituperation and carica
ture in political campaigns rob
the citizenry of the opportunity
for calm assessment of the is
sues. It has been said that in
earlier days these practices ob
scured and distorted the issues
while today they largely replace
them.
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Brunswick
PCCWNames
Committees
The monthly meeting of the
St. Francis Xavier Parish Coun
cil of Catholic Women (Bruns
wick) was held on October 21st
in the school auditorium with
Mrs. John Cox presiding.
The revised! constitutioi^^d
By-Laws were presented to the
group by Mrs. P. D. Joines, Or
ganization and Development
Chairman.
The president appointed the
following committees:
Altar and Sanctuary—Mrs. J.
Armand Lloyd, Chairman; Mrs.
Cormac McGarvey and Mrs. Jo
seph O’Brien. Organization and
Development—Mrs. P.D. Joines,
Chairman; Mrs. Charles Van
Gilder, and Miss Marie Hermi-
da.
Program — Mrs. Paul Mullen. I
Flower Committee — Mrs. Char
les George, Chairman; Mrs. Jo
seph Loughlin, and 1 Mrs. Katie
LaRose. NCCW Historian—Mrs.
Joseph Calcasola; Catholic
•Charities—Mrs. Peter Vivenzio;
Foreign Relief — Miss Eleanor
Brown; Ways and Means—Miss
Mary Parker; Telephone — Mrs.
Mary Therese Martin; Public
Relations — Mrs. J. Armand
Lloyd.
Following the meeting, the
Reverend Paul Burkort, S.M.,
showed a movie explaining con
gregational participation in the
Mass. Afterward, a discussion
period was held by Father Ti
mothy Sugrue, S.M., Spj^^pl
Moderator.
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Some writers have said that
“native American” and “partio-
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the time, opposed the Sunday
The voters are asked to ’ be
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