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FAMILY CLINIC
by JOHN J. KANE, Ph.D.
Professor of Sociology
University of Notre Dame
I am a 17-year-old girl, a sen
ior in high school. I keep read
ing in the papers about the pop
ulation explosion. It has been
mentioned in class and on tele-
« n. I would like you to write
filing about it in your col-
because I get confused over
it. Some say it is true, others
deny it. What is the truth about
the population explosion?
* * *
Population explosion is a high
ly dramatic term, not a scien
tific one. It is employed to call
attention to the rapidly expand
ing population through-out many
parts of the world but especial
ly in Latin America, Asia and
Africa. Statements are made
that if this population expan
sion continues we will ultimate
ly reach a point where each in
dividual would have only about
a square foot of space in which
to stand.
Of course, this is ridiculous. It
just couldn’t happen because
long before overcrowding reach
ed such a state, some measures
would have to be taken to pre
vent it. But it is undeniable that
population in certain countries
is growing by leaps and 1 bounds.
There are many aspects to the
problem. First, can the world
feed the population of the future
if it continues to increase? To
this there is no absolutely accu
rate answer. We do not know
whether the population will con-
to increase fifty or one
red years from now. We do
know it will in the immediate
future.
We also know that about two-
thirds of the world’s population
is not adequately fed. This
► seems strange to us Americans
who are embarrassed with an
oversupply of food. Why don’t
we just give it to the hungry
people? To some extent we do.
But if all of our surplus were
evenly distributed among the
hungry people of the world it is
estimated it would mean two
additional cups of rice (or the
equivalent) every 17 days for
each person.
Furthermore, more than food
is needled. There are housing,
clothing, education and all the
other necessities of life. Wheth
er these can be met or not is a
h serious challenge. Certain steps
can be taken, however, and the
situation should not be viewed
as absolutely impossible. It is
nonetheless quite difficult.
rious peoples. Contrary to what
some claim, it is not the Catho
lic Church’s opposition to artifi
cial birth control that is the ma
jor obstacle to a solution.
In most of the world aside
from Latin America, where
there is a problem of over pop-
lation, Christianity, not to men
tion Catholicism, is not the ma
jor religion. In Asia you have
the Hindus who oppose birth
control. You have the Buddhists
and the Moslems whose attitud
es vary on this matter.
Some people always look for
a simple solution to complex
problems. They urge artificial
birth control, abortion and ster
ilization. But many nations re
ject such solutions, and they
have been attempted in some
of these countries.
By focusing attention on one
single way of controlling popu
lation growth, many of the oth
er methods are overlooked. This
is a tragedy because methods
mentioned above have not work
ed and probably will not work
because of the values, religious
and otherwise of these people.
The devout Hindu believes he
must have sons to pray for
their ancestors and attain their
salvation.
Today there is no final word
on how to handle the population
explosion. Even the experts are
in disagreement. But among
some of the positive steps that
might be taken are emigration
from overpopulated lands, de
velopment of algae farming, in
creased food production and bet
ter distribution of it. Improved
farming methods and better fer
tilization will also add to the
food supply.
On the other hand, some of
the wasteful aspects of food
growing could be eliminated or
at least lessened. Millions of
acres are lost each year through
erosion. The quality of food lost
between the harvest and dinner
table is startling. Even in the
United States farmers lose 13
billion dollars worth of food each
year because of insects, weeds
and plant diseases. Half of the
world production of rice and
grain is destroyed annually by
rodents.
Yes, there is a serious popu
lation expansion in some parts
of the world. It will require no
end! of initiative and ingenuity
to meet its challenge. So far
many have not even faced up to
it.
But the major controversy
centers around how to halt pop- a
ulation growth, and here you
face the religious beliefs of va-
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NEW YORK (NC) — Catholic
organizations should undertake
a joint worldwide effort to per
suade the governments of their
respective countries to wage all-
out war on poverty, a British
economist and author said here.
The call for stepped-up Catho
lic efforts to fight global pover
ty was made by Barbara Ward
(Lady Robert Jackson) in a talk
to a group of Catholics attend
ing an international convocation
on Pope John XXIII’s peace en
cyclical Pacem in Terris.
She said such a pr o g r a m
would be a practical means of
implementing the discussions of
the convocation, which was
sponsored by the Center for the
Study of Democratic Institutions.
In regard to poverty today,
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said Miss Ward, an editor ,of the
London Economist and author
of books on economic develop
ment, “we have an entirely new
situation in that we now have
the technology and means of
communication to reach human
need over the world.”
“Science and technology are
far ahead of the moral consci
ence,” she declared. “We must
find ways to mobilize Catholics
to this great task. We must re
alize that our Judae.o-Christian
tradition is the first to hold an
eternal judgment over the per
son indifferent to the needs of
his brother.”
She urged that American Cath
olic organizations cooperate with
local groups in urging the U.S.
government to devote at least
1% of the yearly growth rate of
the national economy to a world
poverty fund. Catholic organiza
tions in other advanced nations
should do the same, she said.
In addition, Miss Ward said,
when and if disarmament ef
forts result in practical steps
being taken, savings from reduc
ed arms expenditures should be
devoted to the effort to eradi
cate poverty in the world. She
said this is one of the points
made by Pacem in Terris.
She called on American Cath
olics to support a proposal for
creation of an anti-poverty sec
retariat at the Vatican and said
the idea is scheduled to be dis
cussed at the next session of the
ecumenical council. She indicat
ed that such a secretariat would
serve as a focal point for Cath
olic thought and action in fight
ing world poverty and would al
so function as a liaison for co
operation with other religious
groups engaged in the same ef
fort.
The meeting at which Miss
Ward spoke was arranged! by
James J. Norris of Catholic Re
lief Services — National Catho
lic Welfare Conference, the U.S.
Catholic overseas relief agency.
CARDINAL -BISHOPS
Patriarchs Are
Given New Rank
VATICAN CITY (NC) - The
Church’s Eastern-rite patriarch-
cardinals have been given a
new position in the hierarchical
structure of the Church with a
rank immediately below that of
the six cardinal-bishops.
Details of the revision in the
structure of the College of Car
dinals were contained in an in
struction (motu proprio) of Pope
Paul VI entitled “Purpuratorum
Patrum” (literally, “Of the Fa
thers in Purple”) dated Feb. 11
but made public nine days later.
Abolishing the provision of the
Code of Canon Law (Canon 231)
which sets up the structure of
the college, the instruction es
tablishes a new Church law in
this regard. The first provision
is that all patriarchs who are
raised a to the cardinalate will be
members of the highest rank —
that of cardinal-bishop.
The instruction further provid
es that instead of following the
prior custom of naming each
new cardinal - bishop as titular
head of a diocese near Rome
(the ancient suburbicarian Sees),
the patriarchs will retain title
to their own patriarchates. This
means, in other words, they will
not become titular members of
the Roman clergy — long a
bone of contention with the
Eastern-rite prelates.
Those Eastern-rite patriarchs
already cardinals will be affect
ed by the instruction. After giv
ing up their Roman titles they
will be “by that very fact” pro
moted to the order of cardinal-
bishops.
Regarding the precedence of
patriarchs as cardinal - bishops,
the instruction states they will
occupy “the place due each on
the basis of circumstance and
Pat McCarthy, a senior at A-
quinas, was selected as the run
ner-up in the Citizenship Con
test sponsored by the American
Legion Auxiliary. Pat was pre
sented with a citizenship medal
and a certificate Tuesday eve
ning during the auxiliary’s meet
ing, at the Richmond Post 63.
First place in the Augusta
Deanery Council’s essay contest
was awarded to sophomore Deb
bie Diamond and John Jacobs,
a junior. Debbie and John wrote
on the topic: “What the Mass in
English Will Mean to Me”. Both
students were presented with
medals for their achievement.
In the basketball intramural’s
playoff, the senior teams were
victorious. Both winning senior
teams will receive a gold plaque
and the members will receive
smaller individual gold plaques.
The losing sophomore teams will
each receive a silver plaque and
the individual member will be
given small silver plaques.
Bubba Hummel, a senior,
served as a page at the Gener
al Assembly in Atlanta. The
city’s two other schools also
sent representatives. Bubba was
chosen by the National Honor
Society.
the time of their entering the
Sacred College.” They will be
preceded only by the dean and
the subdean of the College of
Cardinals, and by cardinals
whose titles are suburbicarian
dioceses of Rome which have
been generally bound by the
most special ties to the Aposto
lic See.
In the motu proprio, Pope
Paul said these suburbicarian
Sees “as history confirms, have
always been united in a special
way to the city of Rome, the
seat of our episcopate, and have
always been joined with it,
forming with it one Unit.”
The practice of giving titles
connected with Rome to new
cardinals dates from the early
centuries of the Church when
bishops, priests and deacons
istationed in and near Rome
worked closely with the Pope in
the administration of the Uni
versal Church affairs, as well
as in running the diocese of
Rome. Eventually these clerics
were formed into a distinct ad
ministrative body which met
with the Pope at regular inter
vals in “consistories” — a name
still used for meetings of car
dinals.
Bishops in this group from
surrounding diocese ret a i n e d
their bishoprics, priests their
parishes in Rome and deacons
their offices in the administra
tion of hospitals and charitable
works established in the city.
Eventually this group became
known as the College of Cardi
nals.
Thus arose the distinction a-
mong cardinal-bishops, cardinal-
priests and cardinal-deacons. To
day the title is largely ceremo
nial, since ai decision by Pope
John XXIII made all cardinals
actually bishops. The custom
has been followed by Pope Paul.
The word “cardinal” dates
back to the first centuries of
Christianity when certain influ
ential Roman citizens acted as
liaison between the Church and
imperial authorities. They were
called “hinge men,” which in
Latin is “cardines”.
The three Eastern-rite patri
archs elevated in the private
consistory Feb. 22 are Melkite-
rite Patriarch Maximos IV Saigh
of Antioch, Maronite-rite Patri
arch Paul Meouchi of Antioch
and Coptic-rite Patriarch Steph
anos I Sidarouss of Alexandria.
All were immediately affected
by the decree and became the
first cardinals in modern times
not to have titles connected
with the Rome diocese. Also af
fected, in that he will give up
his present Rome title and be
come a cardinal-bishop, is Ig-
nace Cardinal Tappouni, Syrian-
rite Patriarch of Antioch, who
was made a cardinal-priest in
1935.
Although the decree takes its
name from the first two Latin
word's in the text, another title
heads the text of the decree
printed in L’Qsservatore Rom
ano, the Vatican City’s daily
newspaper. The title in the
newspaper is “Concerning the
Place of Oriental Patriarchs in
the Sacred College of Cardi
nals.” Thus the decree does not
apply to so-called “Western pa
triarchs”, the honorary titles
given the Laitin-rite churches in
Goa, Lisbon and Venice.
SERIES QF TALKS
Orthodox Prelates
Meet With Pontiff
ROME (NC) — Two repre
sentatives of Orthodox Patriarch
Athenagoras of Constantinople
have left tor London after a se
ries of talks here with Pope Paul
VI and the Secretariat for Pro
moting Christian Unity concern
ing Orthodox-Catholic relations.
In London they will meet with
Anglican Archbishop Mi c h a e 1
Ramsey of Canterbury, Primate
of the Church of England.
Metropolitan Meliton of Helio
polis and Theira and Metropoli
tan Chrysosomos of Myra re
ported to the Pope on the con
clusion of the Pan-Orthodox Con
ference on Rhodes, and they dis-
discussed church relations at
the unity secretariat.
Before leaving Rome (Feb.
17), they issued a statement
praising the Pope and officials
of the secretariat with whom
they had spent four days dis
cussing the conclusions of the
Rhodes synod.
“On leaving Rome after ful
filling the mission entrusted to
us by His Holiness the Eumeni-
cal Patriarch Athenagoras and
by the holy synod, we feel the
need to thank God for the pro
found spiritual experience grant
ed us,” the statement said. “We
have gained sentiments of pro
found satisfaction from all our
contracts with the venerable
Church of Rome and the best
impressions from our meeting
with Pope Paul VI.
“We were impressed by his
personality, by his inspired
words, by his realism and his
decided attitude regarding the
question of unity.
“We wish to express .our total
gratitude to (Augustin) Cardi
nal Bea, president of the Secre
tariat for Promoting Christian
Unity, and all his collaborators
. . . who surrounded us with
their kindly solicitude. Lastly
we are grateful to all the ec
clesiastical personages we met,
who have given us a brotherly
welcome.”
The Southern Cross, February 25, 1965—PAGE 5
WHITE HOUSE SPEAKER, Sister Jacqueline (Grennan), right, executive vice president
of Webster College, Webster, Mo., was one of the principal speakers at a White House
tea sponsored by Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson, left, to spur interest in Project Head-Start.
Mrs. Johnson was host to 200 women from all parts of the country she hopes will be the
first of 20,000 volunteers in the pre-school battle in the War of Poverty. To illustrate the
need for helping underprivileged children prepare for school, Mrs. Johnson said about a
million deprived children expected to start classes this year “don’t yet know how to sit on
a chair—all they ever have seen is a bare floor.” Sister Jacqueline spoke as an educator
on the need for early preparation for school. Representatives of the National Council of
Catholic Women took part in the meeting. (NC Photo)
PUBLISHED IN ROME
Vatican Documents Show
Pius XII Stand On Nazis
ROME (NC)—An articl show
ing Pope Pius XII’s attitude to
ward nazism and Germany,
based 1 on official Vatican docu
ment, has been published by
Rome’s Jesuit review, Civilta
Cattolica.
Publication came at a time
when police were speculating
that a bomb was exploded at
the Vatican (Feb. 17) as a pro
test against a ban on Rome per
formances of “The Deputy”,
criticizing Pius XII for not aid
ing the Jews enough during their
persecution by the Hitler regime.
Among the topics mentioned
in the article is the so-called
Mundelein incident. The late
George Cardinal Mundelein of
Chicago, while talking privately
to a group ,of his priests on May
18, 1937, denounced Hitler with
some heat. His remarks were
leaked to the press and the
Germans were violently upset.
In an exchange of notes with the
Holy See, Germany demanded
that Pope Pius XI reprove and
correct Cardinal Mundelein’s re
marks.
Pius XI summoned all cardi
nals belonging to the Congrega
tion for Extraordinary Ecclesi
astical Affairs to a special meet
ing at the papal summer resi
dence at Castel Gandolfo to con
sider the German demands. The
future Pope Pius XII — then
Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli, papal
secretary of state — drafted the
position paper. He said:
“The Holy See cannot correct
or deplore the statement of His
Eminence Cardi n a 1 Mundelein.
It would be an act of weakness
which would only make even
more presumptuous the leaders
of nazi socialism and Hitler him
self, who believes in self-delusion
that all the world must kneel
before him. Admittedly that
portion of the statement of Car
dinal Mundelein regarding re
marks about the chief of the
German state was not a happy
one. He may therefore give
some public explanation . . .”
On June 24, 1937, Cardinal Pa
celli, in a reply to the German
government, declared that the
American cardinal did not re
present or speak in the name of
.the Holy See and that his state
ment, even if he wrote it be
forehand, was not destined for
public consumption. He said the
cardinal was a free citizen who
took advantage of the rights
guaranteed him by his country’s
constitution to express his own
judgments on persons and
events in Germany which were
offensive to the Pope, events
regarding the clergy and insti
tutions which are heedless of
justice of liberty.
With the election of Pius XII,
the review said, many circles
hoped that a new relationship
could be found. The new Pope
called on the German and Aus
trian cardinals to draw up
memos on the most important
aspects of their problems.
Adolf Caramal Bertram of
Breslau and Michael Cardinal
Faulhaber of Munich urged Pius
XII to write to Hitler proposing
new approaches to peaceful so
lutions of the Church-state prob
lem. The Pope told Cardinal
Faulhaber: “We cannot yield on
principles. When we have made
all efforts and they want war at
all costs, we will defend our
selves. But the world has to see
that we tried everything to live
peacefully with Germany.”
The Pope wrote a letter to
Hitler that was a careful but
courteous expression of high re
gard for the German people and
of hope for fruitful cooperation
for the good of the German peo
ple.
Commenting on the letter, Ci
vilta Cattolica declared: “The
letter to Hitler was not a con
cession nor did it express sym
pathy for a new form of gov
ernment, much less for an anti-
Christian vision of the world.
Rather it was a gesture of cour
tesy (but how weighed and pru
dent!) and a sign of the dialogue
which the leaders of the Ger
man Church had asked for in
the interests of peace for their
faithful.”
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The article also recalled the
fact that Cardinal Faulhaber,
who had opposed nazism pub
licly, offered to resign his See
if it would help relations be
tween the Holy See and Ger
many. Pius Xn repeated three
times: “I would shame myself
before the whole world if I con
sented to such a thing.”
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