Newspaper Page Text
4
I
PAGE 2-The Southern Cross, April 11, 1968
PRESENT SYSTEM IS AUTOMATED FACTORY
Welfare Needs Change —But What Kind?
BY JOHN R. SULLIVAN
(NC News Service)
Despite the fact that
welfare expenditures are
increasing rapidly, and
despite the destructive
influences they seem to have
on the lives of those who are
supposed to benefit, there are
a number of factors which
seem to indicate that radical
changes of the sort thought
necessary will not be made.
Daniel P. Moynihan, of the
Harvard-MIT Joint Center for
Urban Studies, put it this way
in the winter, 1968, issue of
“The Public Interest”.
“The problem of changing
the welfare system is not that
the present system does not
work, but rather that it
does .... The present welfare
system is the social equivalent
of an automated factory: the
input goes in and the output
comes out untouched by
human hands. If anything
goes wrong, it is the
machinery that is to blame,”
he wrote.
Moreover, added
Moynihan, the system is not
too costly. “In New York
State, in the decade
1956-1965, the amounts
budgeted for public assistance
and work relief more than
doubled but, as a proportion
of the state budget, welfare
expenditures declined from
10.01% to 8.98%,” he noted.
Welfare, then, is not
costing the American public
more in proportion to what it
can spend, despite the
assertion of Newburgh’s
Joseph Me D. Mitchell in
1961 and others since. Yet
this is one of several
misconceptions and areas of
unknowns which permeate
discussion of welfare
programs and proposals for
change.
For example, welfare is
most commonly described as
a “system.” Yet in many
respects it is not. There is no
uniformity of laws governing
payments, eligibility, or most
of the areas in which welfare
touches its beneficiaries. Each
state may operate within
broad federal guidelines, or
may ignore them if it is
willing to forego federal aid.
Uniformity does exist in
administration-each state
must complete the same
forms, must report certain
data to the federal
government. This perhaps
accounts for the fact that
welfare works so well, as
Moynihan points out, yet
satisfies so few.
Welfare is commonly
thought of as a Negro
program. Yet in one respect
at least it is not. A 1961
special survey revealed that
Negro families constituted
only about 40% of the total
number under Aid to
Families with Dependent
Children. There were four
times as many white men as
Negroes receiving Old Age
Assistance in 1965, and three
times as many white women.
There appears to be a
growing trend toward closing
the gap between white and
Negro recipients of AFDC, a
fact which has raised growing
fears about the political
future of welfare-punitive
legislation might be passed
more easily if Negroes
were the primary targets-and
about its social implications.
Dependency might be
increasing among Negroes,
decreasing among whites, and
the “under class” which
Swedish sociologist Gunnar
Myrdal warned against a
generation ago may be
drawing closer to reality.
The same figures show,
too, that welfare has a
decidedly greater impact for
good or bad on Negroes than
on whites. Although the
Negro recipients of AFDC are
equal in number to whites,
their proportion in the much
smaller Negro population is
far higher.
This means in New York,
for instance, that six of every
10 Negro children who reach
adulthood will have been
supported at some time
during their lives by welfare
payments. One white in 10
THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC OFFICE
FOR MOTION PICTURES
CLASS A
Buckskin—Paramount
King Kong Escapes—Universal
■ Section I — Morally Unobjectionable for General Patronage
REVIEWED THIS ISSUE
Africa—Texas Style—Para.
Arizona Bushwacker—Paramount
Around the World in 80 Days—United Artists
Attack bn the Iron Coast—United Artists
Ballad of Josie, The—Universal
Bible, The—Fox
Big Mouth, The—Col.
Brighty of the Grand Canyon—Feature Films
Corp. of America
Charlie, The Lonesome Cougar—Buena Vista
Clambake—UA
Countdown—Wars.
Daring Game—Paramount
Did You Hear the One About the
Traveling Saleslady—Universal
Doctor Dolittle—Fox
Double Man, The—Wars.
Double Trouble—MGM
Endless Summer, The—A.I.T.
Enter Laughing—Col.
Fantastic Voyage--Fox
Mrs. Brown, You’ve Got a Lovely Daughter
—MGM
PREVIOUSLY REVIEWED ,
Fastest Guitar Alive—MGM
Finder’s Keepers—United Artists
Flaming Frontier, The—Warners-7 Arts
40 Guns to Apache Pass—Col.
Frozen Dead—Wars.—7 Arts
Further Perils of Laurel & Hardy, The—Fox
Gentle Giant, The—Para.
Gnome-Mobile, The—Buena Vista
Half a Sixpence—Paramount
Happiest Millionaire, The—Buena Vista
Jungle Book, The—Buena Vista
•Last Safari, The—Paramount
Man Called Flintstone, The—Col.
Man For All Seasons, A—Columbia
Midsummer Night’s Dream, A—Showcorp.
Nobody’s Perfect—Universal
Palaces of a Queen—Universal
Reluctant Astronaut, The—Universal
Russians Are Coming, The Russians
Are Coming, The—UA
The One and Only Genuine Original Family
Band—Buena Vista
Seven Guns for the McGregors—CoL
Shakiest Gun in the West, The—Universal
fSound of Music, The—Fox
Sullivan’s Empire—Universal
Tammy and the Millionaire—Univ.
Tarzan and the Great River—Para.
Tarzan and the Jungle Boy—Paramount
Terromauts, The—Embassy
They Came From Beyond Space—Embassy
Thoroughly Modern Millie—Universal
Time for Burning, A—Lutheran Film
Associates
Track of Thunder—UA
Two of Us, The (Fr.)—Cinema V
Wacky World of Mother Goose—Embassy
What Am I Bid?—Emerson
Where Angels Go . . . Trouble Follows
—Columbia
Young Americana—Col.
The Vengeance of She—Fox
CLASS A — Section II — Morally Unobjectionable for Adults and Adolescents
REVIEWED THIS ISSUE
Don’t Raise the Bridge, Lower the River
—Columbia
PREVIOUSLY REVIEWED
Great Sioux Massacre, The—Col.
Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner—Col.
Guns for San Sebastian—MGM
Hellbenders, The—Embassy
Hour of the Gun—UA
How I Won the War—UA
How To Succeed in Business Without Really
African Queen—Translux
Battle Beneath the Earth—MGM
Battle of Algiers (Fr.-Algerian)—Rizzoli
Big City (Ind.)—Harrison
Blackboard’s Ghost—Buena Vista
Camelot—Wamers-7 Arts
Chubasco—W ars.
Come Spy With Me—Fox
Counterpoint—Univ.
Custer of the West—Cinerama
Day of the Evil Gun, The—MGM
Doctor Zhivago—MGM
Don’t Look Back—Leacock-Pennebacker
Eight On The Lam—United Artists
Far From the Madding Crowd—MGM
Fathom—Fox
Firecreek—War.—7 Arts
Five Million Years to Earth—Fox
Flim-Flam Man, The—Fox
Gone With The Wind—MGM
Dandy in Aspic—Columbia
Madigan—Universal
Accident (Br.)—Cinema V Dist. Inc.
Assignment K—Col.
Assignment to Kill—Wars.—7 Arts
Barefoot in the Park—Para.
Berserk—Col.
Bo-Bo, The—Warners
Bye, Bye Braverman—Wamers-7 Arts
*Caprice—Fox
Casino Royale—Columbia
Chappaqua—Regional Film Distr. (Univ.)
Charlie Bubbles (Br.)—Regional (Universal)
Climax, The (Ital.)—Lopert (UA)
Comedians, The—MGM
Counterfeit Killer—Universal
Danger Route—United Artists
Day the Fish Came Out, The (Gr.)—Fox
Divorce American Style—Col.
Doctor Faustus—Columbia
Elvira Madigan (Swed.)—Cinema V
Exterminating Angel, The (Span.) —
Altura Films International
Eye of the Devil—MGM
Fearless Vampire Killers—MGM
Fitzwilly—UA
•For a Few Dollars More—UA
Frankenstein Created Woman—Fox
Games—Universal
•Girl and the General, The—MGM
Robbery—Embassy
Scalphunters, The—United Artists
Sea Pirate, The—Para.
Secret War of Harry Frigg, The—Univ.
Sergeant Ryker—Univ.
Speedway—MGM
Thirty Is a Dangerous Age, Cynthia—Col.
To Sir, With Love—Columbia
Torture Garden—Col.
Treasure of San Gennaro, The—Paramount
Up the Down Staircase—Wars.
Up the MacGregors—Col.
Vengeance of Fu Manchu—Wamers-7 Arts
Wait Until Dark—War.—7 Arts
War Wagon, The—Universal
Way West, The—United Artists
Whisperers, The—UA
Who’s Minding the Mint?—Col.
Yo-Yo (Fr.)—Magna Pics.
Young Girls of Rochefort, The—Wamers-7 Arts
CLASS A — Section III — Morally Unobjectionable for Adults
REVIEWED THIS ISSUE
The Party—United Artists ’Spoiled Rotten (Greek)—Chancellor Films
Petulia—Warners-7 Arts Stay Away, Joe—MGM
PREVIOUSLY REVIEWED
Grand Prix—MGM
Trying—UA
In Like Flint—20th Century-Fox
Jack O’Diamonds—MGM
Jokers, The (Br.)—Universal
La Vie de Chateau (Fr.)—Royal Films
Inti.—Col.
Long Duel, The—Para.
Man Who Finally Died, The—Goldstone
Oedipus, The King—Regional Film Distrs.
Operation Kid Brother—UA
Perils of Pauline—Univ.
Project X—Paramount
Riot on Sunset Strip—Am. Inti.
Rosie—Universal
Rough Night in Jericho—Univ.
St. Valentine’s Day Maaaacre—Fox
•Sand Pebbles, The—Fox
Sebastian—Paramount
Smashing Time—Paramount
Sofi—Golden Bear Film Distrs.
Sol Madrid—MGM
Tale of the Cock—Braintree Productions
Taming of the Shrew—Col.
Tender Scoundrel (Fr.)—Embassy
That Man George—Allied Artists
Thief of Paris, The—(Lopert)—UA
This Special Friendship (Fr.)—Pate oCntemp.
Tiger And The Pussycat, The—Embassy
Tiger Makes Out, The—Columbia
Time for Killing, A—Col.
Tony Rome—Fox
Trygon Factor, The—Wamers-7 Arts
Two For The Road—20th Century-Fox
•Upper Hand, The (Fr.)—Para.
War Game, The—Pathe Contemporary
W arkill—Universal
We Still Kill the Old Way—UA
Where Were You When the Lights Went Out?
—MGM
Will Penny—Paramount
You Only Live Twice—UA
CLASS A — Section IV — Morally Unobjectionable for Adults, with Reservations
(An A-IV Classification is given to certain films, while not morally offensive in themselves, require caution and some analysis and explanation as a pro
tection to the uninformed against wrong interpretations and false conclusions.)
PREVIOUSLY REVIEWED
Dirty Dozen, The—MGM
Family Way, The (Br.)—Warners
Georgy Girl (Br.)—Columbia
Graduate, The—Embassy
Hawks and the Sparrows, The—Brandon
Incident, The—Fox
Luv—Col.
Maiden for a Prince, A —Col.
Marat / Sade—U A
CLASS B — Morally Objectionable in Part for All
REVIEWED THIS ISSUE
For Singles Only—Columbia
Grand Slam—Paramount
Hawaii—U.A.
Hills Run Red, The—United Artists
Honey Pot, The—United Artists
How to Save a Marriage . . . and
Ruin Your Life—Columbia
Hunt, The (Spanish)—Trans-Lux
In Cold Blood—Columbia
In the Heat of the Night—UA
Journey to Shiloh—Univ.
Kill A Dragon—UA
King of Hearts—United Artists
Live for Li'e (Fr.)—Lopert-(UA)
Love-Ins, The—Columbia
Made in Italy (Italian)—Columbia
Man and A Woman, A (Fr.)—AA
More Than A Miracle—MGM
Naked Runner, The—Wars.
Night of the General*—Columbia
No Way to Treat a Lady—Paramount
Our Mother’s House (Br.)—MGM
Pawnbroker, The—Landau Co.
Planet of the Apes—Fox
Power, The—MGM
•President’s Analyst—Paramount
Professionals, The—Col.
Quiller Memorandum, The—Fox
-(Ital.)
Alfie (Br.)—Paramount
Bedazzled—Fox
Birds, The Bees and the Italians, The-
—Claridge Pictures—War.—7 Arts
Bonnie And Clyde—Warner Bros.-Seven Arts
China Is Near (Ital.)—Royal (Columbia)
Closely Watched Trains (Czech)—Sigma III
Cool Hand Luke—War.—7 Arts
Darling—Embassy Pictures
Persona (Swed.)—Lopert—UA
Privilege (British)—Universal
Red Desert—Rizzoli Film Di*t.
Stranger, The (Fr.)—Paramount
Ulysses—Continental—Walter R«ad*-Sterling
Uninhibited, The—Peppercorn-Wormaer
Up the Junction—Paramount
Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?—Wax.
You’re A Big Boy Now—Seven Art*
•Africa Addio (Ital.)—Rizzoli
Ambushers, The—Columbia
Anniversary, The—Fox
Banning—Un /ersal
Biggest Bundlle of Them All, The—MGM
Billion Dollar Brain—United Artists
•Blue Max, The—Fox
Bom Losers—Am. Inti.
Champagne Murders, The—Univ.
Cop-Out—Cinerama
•Corrupt Ones, The—Warners
Deadlier Than The Male—Univ.
Dark of the Sun—MGM
Devil’s Angels—American International
Don’t Just Stand There—Universal
Don’t Make Waves—MGM
Fistful of Dollars—United Artists
Beach Red—UA
Blow-Up (Br.)—Premier Prod. Corp.—MGM
Carmen, Baby—Audubon Films
Cul-De-Sac—Sigma III
Dear John (Swed.)—Sigma III
Eric Soya's 17—(Danish)—Peppercorn —
Wormser, Inc. Film Enterprises
Fear, The (Gr.)—Trans-lux
491 (Swedish)—Janus Films-
Peppercorn-Wormsei
Fox, The—Claridge Pics. (Warners-7 Arts)
Game i9 Over (Fr.)—Royal Films Inti.—
Columbia
PREVIOUSLY REVIEWED
Good, the Bad and the Ugly, The (Ital.) —
United Artists
Guide For The Married Man, A—Fox
Gunn—Paramount
•Hired Killer, The—Para.
It—Warner Bros.-Seven Arts
King’s Pirate, The—Universal
Kona Coast—Warners-7 Arts
Last Challenge, The—MGM
•Man Called Dagger, A—MGM
Maroc 7—Paramount
Matchless—UA
Matter of Innocence, A—Univ.
Navaho Joe (Ital)—UA
Pistol for Ringo (Ital.)—Embassy
P. J.—Univ.
Point Blank—MGM
Poor Cow—Natl. General Pics.
CLASS C — Condemned
REVIEWED THIS ISSUE
Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush
—Lopert (United Artists)
PREVIOUSLY REVIEWED
Hell’s Angels on Wheels—U.S. Films
High Infidelity—(Ital.)—Magna Picture*
Hurry Sundown—Paramount
La Bonne Soupe—(Fr.) Inti. Classics
La Fuga (Ital.)—Inti. Classic*—Fox
La Guerre Est Finie (Fr.)—Brandon
La Mandragola (Ital.)—Europix
Le Bonheur (Fr.)—Clover
Love and Marriage (Ital.)—Embassy
Love In 4 Dimensions (Ital.)—Eldorado
Loves of a Blonde (Czech)—Prominent
Loving Couples (Swedish)—Prominent Films
The Sweet Ride—Fox
Producers, The—Embassy
Queens, The—(Ital.)—Col.
Ride to Hangman’s Tree, The—Univ.
Rose for Everyone, A—Columbia
Run, Hero, Run—Universal
Shuttered Room, The—Wamers-7 Arts
Stranger In Town, A—MGM
Sweet November—Warners-7 Arts
Tall Women—Allied Artists
Thunder Alley—AIP
Two Weeks in September—Para.
Valley of the Dolls—Fox
•Viking Queen, The—Fox
•Viscount, The—Warners
Waterhole #3—Para.
Way . . . Way Out!—Fox
Wicked Dreams of Paula Schultz, The—UA
Woman Times Seven—Embassy
Married Woman, The (Fr.)—Royal Film* Inti.
Masculine-Feminine (Fr.)—Reyal (Columbia)
Mondo Pazzo (ital.)—Rimeli Film Dist.
My Sister, My Love (Swed.)—Sigma III
Night Games (Swed.)—Mondial Films
Penthouse, The—Para.
Reflections in a Golden Eye—Warners-7 Arts
Repulsion—Royal Film* Inti.
Run For Your Wife—Allied Artists
10:30 P.M. Summer—Lopert (United Artists)
Trip, The—Amer. Inti.
What's Up Tiger Lily?—Am. Inti.
White Voices (Ital.)—Rizzoli
will be able to make that
claim.
N early everyone agrees
that changes should be made.
But at least one hurdle looms
before the proponents of
change:
There are vast unknown
areas which are also vital to
planning changes in welfare.
Trends such as the rapid
increase in illegitimacy among
whites and Negroes and
studies by Moynihan and
others which have focused on
the breakdown of Negro
families, indicate that family
life is being threatened among
large segments of American
society. One of the culprits is
thought to be welfare
dependency. But few have
been able to document this
link or to direct attention
elsewhere if that is needed.
Little attempt has been
made to establish the effect
of employment patterns on
welfare, and to link both to
family life in the United
States. There are, however,
disquieting signs--the
employment of women is
growing at rapid rates, and
job training provisions of the
most recent welfare laws,
which concentrate on the
training of mothers, not their
husbands, might tend to
reinforce this trend. What
would be the effect of this on
the already intolerable high
rates of unemployment of
Negro men? Nobody knows.
Despite these cloudy areas,
there are certain facts which
are known, and which could
be used to develop new
welfare policy. Father James
T. McHugh, director of the
USCC Family Life Bureau,
explains one:
“The present approach to
welfare is focused on
individuals,” Father McHugh
noted. “It aids children, for
instance, but ignores the fact
that children live in families.
The aid therefore helps the
children get by, but does
little to promote their
movement out of the cycle of
poverty and dependency,
because it does not help the
family whose support they
need to do this.”
Father McHugh--and a
number of others-would
prefer to see welfare become
a family-centered program,
and would also like to see its
goals coordinated with the
other family-oriented
government programs.
In short, they hold that
VISITING THE SICK-When Pope Paul visited the working-class Prenestino district of Rome
(March 31), he took time to visit bed-ridden 83-year-old Teodoro Tarquini. The Holy Father
offered Mass in Italian at the parish church of St. Leo. (NC Photos)
POPE PAUL VI
6 Updating Shouldn’t Alter
Church Teaching Content’
VATICAN CITY
(NC)--Pope Paul VI has
denied that the
“aggiornamento” or updating
of Catholic teaching called
for by Pope John XXIII
sought to alter the “very
content of the traditional
teaching” of the Church.
During a general audience
(April 3) Pope Paul
commented on the modem
hostility to concepts of
immutable truth. The modern
mentality and the scientific
outlook “tell you that truth
is not static, that it is not
final nor certain.”
This attitude prevails so
much so these days, the Pope
continued, that “education is
today defined as a search for
truth rather than the
possession and conquest of
truth. Instead, everything
changes, everything
progresses, everything
becomes transformed.
“Human thought is
marked by movement, by its
historical process, by the
so-called historicism set up as
a system which makes of time
the generator as well as the
devourer of truths which are
gradually taught by
education.”
Pope Paul said that this
approach has invaded the
field of religion. Some
persons want a “radical
revision, attempting to rid it
of those dogmas which seem
obsolete and overtaken by
scientific progress or which
are incomprehensible to
modern thought,” he said.
To bring about this
updating, said the Pope, some
try to make it comprehen
sible “by changing at first the
formulas with which the
teaching Church has given
it. . . and then by altering the
very content of traditional
teaching by subjecting it to
the dominant law of
transforming historicism.”
The Pope noted that this
process has been defended by
saying that this was santioned
by the Second Vatican
Council. But this he denied.
“It may be said that the
council initiated and
authorized this treatment of
traditional teaching. Nothing
is more false if we harken
back to he words of Pope
John, our venerated
predecessor, and, if we may
refer to him as such, the
inventor of that
‘aggiornamento’ in the name
of which many dare to inflict
on Catholic dogma dangerous
and at times foolhardy
interpretations and
distortions.
“Pope John proclaimed in
the famous opening speech of
the Second Vatican
Ecumenical Council that the
council was to reaffirm the
whole of Catholic doctrine
‘without removing any of its
parts,’ while seeking the best
means and those most in
keeping with the maturity of
modern studies to give them a
new, more adequate and
more profound expression.”
The Pope concluded by
saying: “Faithfulness to the
council exhorts us to a new
and wise study of the truths
of the faith while it also leads
us back to that uni vocal,
perennial consoling testimony
of Peter, whom Jesus made
His infallible voice within the
very bosom of the Church as
the guarantee of the stability
of the faith and as a
challenge-as it were-to the
arbitrary and consuming
liability of time.”
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the United States must adopt
a coordinated “family
policy,” similar in type if not
in specifics to the policies
which guide the planning of
other Western industrial
nations.
Moynihan put it another
way recently:
“Whether the nation
knows it or not, it does have
a de facto family policy
composed of a number of
elements.”
Welfare is only one.
Others would include
income tax laws which allow
a $600 exemption for each
dependent, child labor laws,
Social Security birth control
aid--the list could go on and
on.
Some, but not all, have
family welfare and stability as
their goal--if not their effect.
But no attempt has ever been
made to coordinate all
programs affecting family
life.
It is a perhaps dangerous
condition, as Moynihan
suggested in these words:
“A nation without a
conscious family policy leaves
to chance and mischance an
area of social reality of the
utmost importance, which in
consequence will be exposed
to the untrammeled and
frequently thoroughly
undesirable impact of policies
arising in other areas.”
Moynihan made that
statement in an essay on
“Nation and Family,” a book
written in 1941 by Alvah
Myrdal, wife of Swedish
sociologist Gunnar Myrdal,
whose “An American
Dilemma” has become a
classic study of American
racial attitudes and problems.
The My r dais were
instrumental in formulating
Sweden’s family policy
during the 1930s, and both
were brought to the United
States by the Carnegie
Corporation to probe
America’s family life and to
suggest a policy for this
country.
In her book, Aluah Myrdal
described three stages
through which social reform
policies seem to pass:
‘‘A paternalistic
conservative era, when curing
the worst ills is enough; a
liberal era, when safeguarding
against inequalities through
pooling the risks is enough;
and a social democratic era,
when preventing the ills is
attempted.”
This cylce can be seen in
American life: the depression
was met with relief programs,
such as WPA and during the
late ‘30s and until the present
we have relied on
unemployment insurance and
workmen’s compensation.
Now; we are beginning to
develop a comprehensive
manpower program of which
the “government as employer
of last resort” is only a part.
In his essay Moynihan
suggested that in family life
policy we have hardly
progressed past the first stage,
that current proposals would
tend to move us into the
second state, whereby laws
will be made more equitable,
and perhaps some other
reforms will be made.
The third stage, when
presumably a comprehensive
program would be developed
to prevent social ills, instead
of attempting to patch them
up, as welfare now attempts
to, is apparently a long way
off. Moynihan said recently it
might be as long as 20 years.
Meanwhile, voices like
those of Hulbert James, New
York coordinator for the
Welfare Rights Movement,
will be heard and must be
heeded:
“How can you sit there
and talk al?out something 20
years away?6’iihe shouted at
Moynihan at a recent
conference. “There are
people starving, kids with rat
bites and disease because this
society won’t help them. '
“When are we going to
wake up to that?”
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