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PAGE 2—October 30, 1975
BEATIFICATION -- Pope Paul VI raises his arms in for sainthood were advanced for Arnold Jansseen,
paternal blessing during the beatification of four Joseph Freidnametz, Maria Teresa Ledochowska and
persons in ceremonies at St. Peter’s Square. The causes Bishop Charels de Mazenod. (NC Photo)
PORTUGAL
Bishops Warn Of State Control
FATIMA, Portugal (NC) - The
Portuguese Bishops’ Conference, at
regular meeting at which it elected
Cardinal Antonio Ribeiro of Lisbon
president of the conference, issued a
warning on state control of all schools.
The bishops repeated earlier warnings
that freedom of education is being
jeopardized by government interference.
Catholics must be placed on the alert
in face of the danger “that a totalitarian
society will convert schools into a
BY DECEMBER 15
machine to produce submissive,
one-dimensional citizens,” they said.
In January the bishops complained
that the government was “sucessfully
maneuvering for the removal of Church
influence in such sectors as education,”
thus violating existing agreements.
At the time there were 422 Catholic
schools with some 60,000 students.
The bishops also voiced opposition to
government moves to favor communist
control of labor unions.
Cardinal Ribeiro succeeded Bishop
Manuel de Almeida of Aveiro. His
election came at a time of confrontation
between the Church and the leftist
political leadership, shared by the armed
forces and a civilian cabinet.
The Church has been critical of
government policies in labor,
communications and education. Lisbon
Church authorities have repeatedly
requested the return of Radio
Renascenca, taken over from them last
spring by communist-led workers.
20,000 Refugees To Be Settled
BY JIM CASTELLI
WASHINGTON (NC) - The U.S.
Catholic Conference expects to resettle'
half of about 20,000 Indochina refugees
not yet settled, according to Donald
Hohl, assistant director for the USCC
Migration and Refugee Services.
The major problem facing voluntary
agencies involved in resettling the
refugees, Hohl said, is that some
refugees - single men and those in large
families - are more difficult to resettle
than others. The deadline for closing the
refugee camps is Dec. 15.
The federal Interagency Task Force
on Indochina Refugees has tried to
“pool” unsponsored refugees among all
the agencies working on resettlement to
facilitate matching sponsors and
refugees, Hohl said.
This approach has not been effective
he said, partly because Catholic refugees
who have been working with the USCC
do not want to shift to other agencies.
Hohl said the refugees were being
assured by USCC staff and Vietnamese
priests working in the camps that they
would not have to give up their religion
if they found a sponsor through another
agency.
In a related matter, a survey of 9,300
resettled refugees, including 1,570 heads
of households conducted by the
Department of Health, Education and
Welfare found that:
- Fewer than 10 percent of the
resettled families had incomes above
$7,500 a year.
- One in five refugees receives Food
Stamps and one in six receives federal
medical or financial aid.
- Sixty-eight percent of the male
heads of households and 51 percent of
the female heads of households over age
14 have found jobs.
- Those with formal education and
English language skills had greater
success finding jobs than those who did
not.
- About 20 percent of the refugees
surveyed had complaints about their
sponsors. Reasons for the complaints
generally involved cultural differences
or the sponsor’s personal treatment of
the refugees.
Three Missionary Founders
And Missioner Are Beatified
VATICAN CITY (NC) - Pope Paul
VI marked World Missionary Sunday by
beatifying four missionary workers for
the Church outside St. Peter’s Basilica.
They were Bishop Charles Joseph
Eugene de Mazenod, Father Arnold
Janssen, Father Josef Freinademetz and
Sister Maria Terese Ledochowska.
Bishop De Mazenod, Father Janssen
and Sister Ledochowska were founders
of missionary congregations. Father
Freinademetz dedicated 30 years of his
life to missionary work in China.
Speaking to more than 100,000
pilgrims in St. Peter’s Square during the
open-air beatification ceremony Oct.
19, Pope Paul spoke of the great joy --
“yours and ours,” - in the beatification
of the new blessed of the church.
Bishop De Mazenod, Marseilles,
France, founded the Oblates of Mary
Immaculate. Father Janssen, a German,
founded the Society of the Divine
Word. Father Freinademetz was an
Austrian-born Divine word missioner in
China. Sister Ledochowska founded the
Missionary Sisters of St. Peter Claver.
Pope Paul told those present for the
beatification Mass: “This new, splendid
event of the Holy Year was deliberately
set for Mission Sunday.
“And this event is being emphasized
here today in a special way by the
presence of numerous missionary
bishops, who have spent their lives in
the service of the Church, and of 400
catechists from mission countries.
Today the Church is united in prayer
and in generous fervor for the
missionary cause.”
Pope Paul reminded the pilgrims that
this was the annual occasion when the
People of God reflect on the essential
missionary purpose of the Church.
He quoted the words of Jesus: “As
the Father sent me, so I send you. Go
and make disciples of all nations.”
Pope Paul spoke of the four new
blessed in a number of languages. In
English he said:
“Prayer has sustained them in
difficulties and enabled them to
perform works that surpass human
strength. And their example teaches all
the apostles - today and forever - that
the interior life is, and remains, the soul
of every apostolate.
“This is the secret and prerequisite of
the missionary influence at all levels of
the Church in the world. As these new
blessed - so different and yet so similar
- show us the way to follow, may they
also obtain God’s help for us.”
A few minutes after the end of the
beatification ceremony, Pope Paul
spoke to the crowds in St. Peter’s
Square from the balcony of his private
study:
“You must understand that all of us,
in some measure, are involved in the
missionary effort. Missionary work is a
duty that demands the unity of all
Christians. The mission is a task that
involves all the faithful. A Christian
cannot say: ‘I will not take part.” This
would be denial of his basic personal
duty. He would perhaps be a deserter.”
HEW To Be Queried On Fetal
Experimentation Regulations
BY JIM CASTELLI
WASHINGTON (NC) - A
government commission that made
extensive recommendations for the
conduct of fetal experimentation will
query the Department of Health,
Education and Welfare about deviations
from the recommendations in new
proposed HEW regulations.
The commission’s main concern is a
regulation permitting a nonviable fetus
to be kept alive artificially to allow
non-therapeutic research, that is,
research designed to gather information
but which will not be of help to the
subject of the research.
The National Commission for the
Protection of Human Subjects had
recommended that no “intrusions” be
made which would alter the duration of
life of a nonviable fetus.
The commission will draft a letter to
HEW discussing this and other
deviations from the commission
recommendations at its next meeting,
Nov. 14-15.
The law which set up the commission
said its recommendations should be sent
to the secretary of HEW. The secretary
is not compelled to follow the
recommendations, but must explain
substantial variation from them.
In an explanation of the new HEW
regulations published in the Federal
Register, the department said: “The
secretary is persuaded by the weight of
the scientific evidence that research
performed on the nonviable fetus ex
utero has contributed substantially to
the ability of physicians to bring to
viability increasingly small fetuses.
“The secretary perceives that it is in
the public interest to continue this
successful research and accordingly an
exception is made to the
recommendations of the commission to
permit research to develop new methods
for enabling fetuses to survive to the
point of viability.”
A spokesman for the commission said
commission members felt the weight of
scientific evidence showed that the
progress toward enabling smaller and
smaller fetuses to survive came through
therapeutic research - research aimed at
saving the life of the fetus who is the
subject of the research - and not
through nontherapeutic research.
The commission approved of
nontherapeutic research on the
nonviable fetus when:
- The purpose of the research is
development of important biomedical
knowledge which cannot be obtained by
other means.
- Investigation on pertinent animal
models has preceded human research.
- The research has been approved by
existing review mechanisms.
- The mother has given her informed
consent to the research and the father
has not objected.
- The fetus is less than 20 weeks
gestional age.
- No significant procedures are
introduced into the abortion procedure
in the interest of research alone.
- No intrusion is made into the fetus
which alters the duration of life.
The commission will also query HEW
about three other regulations:
- The HEW regulations provide for
review by National Ethical Review
Boards to obtain a waiver for particular
research from the rest of the
regulations; the commission had not
recommended a waiver.
- The regulations call for the consent
of the father to allow research, while
the commission spoke only of the father
not opposing the research.
- The regulations say that the
researcher should have no part in the
abortion decision, while the commission
called for “independent medical
judgment” when the physician of record
in the abortion procedure is involved in
the research.
Several HEW regulations were more
detailed or more restrictive than the
commission recommendations. For
example the HEW regulations require
that animal research be completed
before human research is conducted,
while the commission said animal
research must precede human fetal
research.
The regulations also spell out in detail
proposed ethical review boards
suggested by the commission.
BISHOP KENNETH J. POVISH
of Crockston, Minn, has been
transferred to Lansing, Mich.,
where he succeeds the late
Bishop Alexander Zaleski.
Income Race: New Catholic Sweepstakes?
CHICAGO (NC) - The latest results in the U.S. income race, says a new study, are:
Jews first, Irish Catholics second, Italian Catholics third.
“Catholics are much more financially successful in American society than most
observers -- including many Catholics - would have been prepared to expect,” the
study said.
In fourth and fifth places among white Americans, according to the study, are
German Catholics and Polish Catholics. Only in sixth place are the Episcopalians, the
group that in American folk wisdom has traditionally been considered the core of the
WASP (White Anglo-Saxon Protestant) money elite.
The new study, entitled “Ethnicity, Denomination, and Inequality,” was carried out
by a team of researchers at the Chicago-based National Opinion Research Center
(NORC), under the direction of Father Andrew Greeley. It was designed to discover
whether there are indications of discrimination against some whites because of religion
or ethnic origin.
The study found that Jews and Irish Catholics have the highest levels of educational
achievement, but it found that Catholics are under-represented at the highest levels of
professional, business and academic life.
The NORC study, which was done for the Ford Foundation, was based on a
composite sample of nearly 18,000 Americans put together from 12 separate
representative national surveys.
Non-white and Spanish-speaking populations were excluded from the surveys,
Father ^reeley said, because much better data on them are available in the data banks
and reports of the U.S. Bureau of the Census, and because there were too few
non-Baptist blacks or non-Catholic Spanish-speaking to make significant racial-religious
or ethnic-religious comparisons in these groups.
But the new study, he said, is the largest ever used to examine religion, ethnicity
and inequality. “Unless the U.S. census could ask a religious question or funding
agencies would make available grants for extensive research on ethnic diversity, the
present data are the best we are ever likely to have,” he said.
According to the study, the representative sample of Jews had an annual average
family income of s $13,340 in 1974. For Irish Catholics, the figure was $12,426; for
Italian Catholics, $11,748; for German Catholics, $11,632; for Polish Catholics,
$11,298; and for Episcopalians, $11,032.
Other major religious or religious-ethnic groups, in descending order of income,
were Presbyterians, Slavic Catholics, British Protestants, French Catholics, Methodists,
German Protestants, Lutherans, Scandinavian Protestants, “American” Protestants
(Protestants who no longer considered themselves part of an ethnic group), Irish
Protestant, and (at the bottom, with an average family income of $8,963) Baptists.
Father Greeley said the groupings listed were not exclusive. A Lutheran of German
descent, for example, would be listed in the category of Lutherans and in the category
of German Protestants.
The higher income ratings of several Catholic ethnic groups could not be attributed
to their concentration in higher-income northern urban areas as has been suggested in
the past, Father Greeley said, because the relative standings of the groups remained the
same when the poorer populations from the South were excluded from the data.
According to the study, Jews have an average of 14 years of education, Irish
Catholics have an average of 12.5 years, and Polish and Italian Catholics are at the
national average of 11.1 years.
/
Among the younger population, under 30, the study said that 88 percent of the
Jewish people have gone to college and 59 percent of the Irish Catholics have done so,
in comparison with a national average (among whites) of 43 percent. Polish Catholics,
with 49 percent, and Italian Catholics, with 45 percent, also exceed the national
average today.
The NORC team concluded, however, that Catholics are under-represented at the
highest levels of professional, business, and academic life. “Irish Catholics,” they
wrote, “have the best education and the best income of any gentile group in the
country. Still, in cities in the north, British Protestants have a higher rate of
occupational mobility than do Irish Catholics - they get higher prestige jobs than do
Irish Catholics with the same education.”
The data on Italian Catholics, the study said, showed an even stronger disparity
between education and income on the one hand, and ability to enter certain
occupations or achieve prestigious positions on the other.
“The question must be raised,” said NORC, “whether there is discrimination against
these . . . groups at the upper echelons of the occupational strata, subtle and perhaps
not all that harmful among the Irish, but rather blatant against southern and eastern
European Catholics.”
Father Greeley told NC News that the new study effectively destroys the notion
that the Catholic Church in this country is primarily a Church of poor immigrants.
Asked for his personal interpretation of the study’s conclusions, he said that many
Catholics had come to this country in search of economic opportunity, “and they
worked like hell, and their children worked like hell, and they got it.”
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