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November 30, 1984/The Maroon Tiger/Page 11A M.A.G.G.I.E.’s Reagan’s ‘‘Landslide” Political Primer By Charles Carpenter Political Affairs Editor Azania, the true name for South Africa. Cold War, The extreme state of tension and hostility that developed between the Western powers and the Communist bloc after WWII, characterized by political maneuvering, diplomatic wrangling, psy chological warfare, ideological hostility, economic warfare, a major arms race, peripheral wars and other power contests. Demagogue, an unscrupulous politician who seeks to win and hold office through emotional appeals to mass prejudices and passions. Half-truths, out-right lies, and various means of card stacking may be used in either subtle or bold-faced attempts to dupe voters. Typically, a demagogue may try to win support from one group by blaming another for its misfor tunes. Organization Of African Uni ty, (OAU) a regional organiza tion established in 1963 to develop unity, end colonialism, foster economic development, and provide security for African states. Membership includes fifty nations — every independent African state except South Africa. Protectionism, the theory and practice of using governmental regulation to control or limit the volume or types of imports entering a state. Reactionary, a person who advocates substantial political, social, or economic changes favoring a return to an earlier more conservative system. A reactionary believes that most social problems result from democratic excesses favoring the propertyless masses, and usually prefers oligarchic government. Revolution, a basic transfor mation of the political, economic, or social principles, and institutions in a state; not necessarily by use of violence. Terrorism, activities of state or non-state actors who use techni ques of violence in their efforts to attain political objectives. The terrorists of today often become the patriotic leaders and national leaders of tomorrow; Menachim Begin serves as a prime example. War Powers Act of 1973, an act to limit the war making power of the president, The president is required to secure congressional authorization for any troop commitment to action within 60 days. An additional 30 days may be approved without declaration of war if Congress agrees that the safety of the troops involved requires it. After 90 days Con gress can, by concurrent resolu tion, require the withdrawal of American forces. This action is not subject to presidential veto. Tutu Criticizes US Approach On Apartheid United Press International STRATFORD, Conn. — The image of the United States has become “mud” to blacks around the world because of U.S. failure to attack apartheid in South Africa, the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize winner says. Bishop Desmond Mpilo Tutu was sharply critical of President Reagan’s “soft pedal” approach to the apartheid regime and said U.S. policy was an “unmitigated disaster” supporting racism and oppression. “During the Carter ad ministration, the name of America in the black community stayed very high. Now, I must tell you, it ismud,”theSouth African Anglican Church leader in South Africa said Friday night. “I am deeply distressed at the role America is playing,” he said. “In our view it is collaborating with one of the most vicious sytems the world has known. “Another four years of the same medicine and the patient will wind up dead.” Tuto, 53, was awareded the Nobel Prize for his crusade against racial segregation in South Africa. He urged about 450 Episcopal ministers and church members at a state diocesan convention to continue their support of a peaceful end to minority rule. Political and economic pressurewill eventually force the South African government to negotiate a settlement, he said, and the government will become part of the “flotsam and jetsam of history.” Tutu sid his Nobel Prize will help boost the morale of blacks in his country who are exclused under the new constitution and deprived of citizenship. “The world has passed its verdict.” he said. “It says,‘Here is a cosmic vindication and it comes at a time when the world must focus on South Africa.’ “Come, let us, black and white together, learn how to be human together.” Tutu was ordained to the priesthood in 1962 and became Anglican bishop of Lesotho in 1976. Ffe was the first black to head the South African Council of Churches, a post he took on in 1978. Red Cross: Ready for a new century. By Philip Thomas Asst. Political Affairs Editor The 1984 Presidential Elections ended in what has been widely considered to be a “landslide” victory for the incumbent Ronald Reagan. Indeed it was an overwhelming victory in terms of the Electoral College with Reagan winning 49 states and 525 electoral votes, while Mondale won only his home state and the District of Columbia for a total of 13 electoral votes. This margin of victory is in stark contrast to the popular vote where Reagan won by a margin of 59% to Mondale’s 41%. The discrepency is due to what is called the "unit rule.” The unit rule is the practice of counting all of a state’s electoral votes as a unit. States are alotted the same number of electors as their total Congressional representation. On the ballot, a voter is actually voting for a slate of either Republican or Democratic elec tors who are chosen by the state party organizations. The winner of the state’s popular vote wins all of that state’s electors regardless of the margin, so in effect the votes for the losing candidate are washed away. This is why the popular and electoral differed so greatly in this elec tion. Under this system it is numerically possible for a can didate to loose the popular but win the electoral vote which would make him president. He would need to win only the twelve largest states to gain the 270 electoral votes needed to become president. On the surface, the discrepen cy between popular and elec toral vote might not seem very important, after all, Reagan won both. On the contrary, the electoral landslide is already being interpreted by Reagan as an overwhelming mandate for his domestic and foreign policy. It doesn’t take much analysis to figure out that 18% of the popular vote is hardly a monumental margin. Also taking into account the fact that only 60% of the nation's registered voters (only about 60% of the voting age population) took part in the election at all, we see that Reagan’s victory does not in dicate any kind of mass consen sus. Yet the“mandate”claim will be used to justify the adoption of even more conservative policy on the party of the Reagan administration. African- Americans should be aware of the difference between the Reagan landslide and reality. 35% of the voting age population does not constitute a clear mandate. Black political resistance is going to be crucial during the next four years and it all starts with political education. nrw THa PicTuRe OF PoRiaN GiPPeR TWO WAYS STUDENTS CAN GET NATIONAL ATTENTION. At National, we give college students two ways deposit. Or bring in a major credit card, hither way, to rent a car. Come into our office with a current you’ll be on your way. You must be 18. You pay for student I D., a valid drivers license and a cash gas and car can be returned to any Atlanta location. ATLANTA DESERVES NATIONAL ATTENTION. Available at: 122 INTERNATIONAL BI.VD 3511 PEACH TREE. Rl) N FL 2933 COBB PKWY. S.E. (Marietta) 1486 SCOTT BLVLt (Decatur) 2320 EAST LAKE RD. (Decatur) 5560 JIMMY CARTER BI.VD, (Norcross) 4809 BUFORD HWY (Chamblee) CALL 659-7341 or 261-8258