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The Southern Israelite
A Weekly Newspa per for Southern Jewry — Est? L
VOL. XXXI
AJP ROUND-U
UNIVi
NOV 17
77ie Mir/ East Crisi,
•00
ATLANTA, GEORGIA, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1956
nO. 45
by David Horowitz
The presence of Soviet MIG
fighter planes in Syria and the
arrival of Russian “volunteers”
in Egypt coupled with dictator
Nasser's hesitation about the full
acceptance of the UN “Police
Force,” has forced Britain, France
and Israel to reconsider their of
fer to withdraw troops from the
occupied area. U. S. reluctance to
stand by her traditional allies and
Israel in the current crisis appears
to have aggravated the situation
in that it has enhanced Soviet
prestige in the entire Arab world.
“U. S. influence in the Arab world
has become a major casualty in
the week-long war,” reports
Timesman Kenneth Love from
Amman. “Jordanian daily news
papers were unanimous in prais
ing the Soviet Union and castigat
ing the United States.” This ap
pears the price the Administra
tion is paying for appeasement.
Israeli sources report that Ben
Gurion’s unexpected capitulation
over the withdrawal of Israel’s
troops from the Sinai Peninsula
—coming only 36 hours after he
had told the Knesset that the Arm
istice lines of 1949 were a dead
letter and that no international
force would be permitted in the
occupied territory—was attributed
largely to pressure from The
White House. "The retreat by the
iron-willed, tough-minded 20th
century Joshua had a stunning
effect” upon the entire Yishuv,
according to Moshe Brilliant. Fol
lowing Ben Gurion’s announce
ment, however, a high Israeli of
ficial revealed that Israel had
accepted the UN call only “in
principle.” Withdrawal from Si
nai, he indicated, will depend on
the attitude of the UN and the
major nations regarding the peace
settlement with Egypt.
Meanwhile, Israel’s Foreign Of
fice made it clear that as far as
the Gaza area was concerned, the
Government had no intention of
obeying a UN demand for with
drawal. This view was also voiced
by Foreign Minister Goldie Meir
as she arrived in New York to
attend the opening of the 11th
session of the General Assembly.
In London, Prime Minister Eden
declared that the burden of re
sponsibility for what had hap
pened in the Middle East must
rest on Egypt. “The Egyptian
Government again and again has
proclaimed its intention to crush
Israel. Had we contented our
selves with reference to the Se
curity Council, does anyone think
that any more positive action
would have been taken than has
been taken in the Middle East
before?” Eden indicated that the
Palestine problem had been dis
cussed at the UN “on no less
than 200 occasions” in fruitless
Security Council debates.
In a long conference with For
eign Secretary Selwyn Lloyd, Is
rael’s Ambassador to London,
Eliahu Elath, outlined certain con
ditions on which the Jewish State
would accept a peace settlement.
These were. 1. A nonaggresion
agreement between Israel and
Egypt. 2. Rectification of the Is-
rael-Egyptian frontier, which
would consider Israel’s need for
a strategic defense line. 3. The
end of economic measures against
Israel by the Arab states. -4.
Free passage for ships flying the
Israeli flag, or ships bound for
Israeli ports, through the Suez
Canal and the Gulf of Aqaba.
Under the present circum
stances, however, no one expects
that Nasser — who is now certain
of Soviet support and who is
playing a double game again with
the United States which appears
Leader of Liberal Judaism
Dr. Leon Baeck Dies
WASHINGTON—The death of
Dr. Leo Baeck ends an imperish
able story of Jewish heroism.
The one-time Chief Rabbi of
Berlin, who died recently in a
London hospital at the age of 83,
will be remembered as a champ
ion of German Jewry who openly
defied Hitler — and who calmly
turned his back on all offers of
escape.
He refused to leave his people.
Instead, he suffered the tortures
of Nazi imprisonment. He sur
vived by a near miracle.
A man of gentle mien and great
scholarship, Dr. Baeck headed the
World Union of Progressive Jud
aism and the B’nai B’rith in Ger
many. He joined B’nai B’rith as
a youth and rose to the presi
dency of its German District in
1924.
In 1933, when Hitler ordered
B’nai B’rith to disband, Dr. Baeck
refused. He told Nazi officials
that the movement would never
surrender voluntarily its program
of service and philanthropy to
German Jewry. During his presi
dency it embraced more than 20,-
000 members.
He remained as president until
1937—when storm troopers march
ed into B’nai B’rith headquarters
in Berlin, seized its property and
arrested its leaders.
He lost two brothers and four
sisters in the totalitarian fury.
Five times he was arrested, then
released, by the Gestapo. Finally,
in 1943, he was deported to There-
sienstadt, a concentration camp in
Czechoslovakia. Here he was a
pillar of strength and serenity to
the terrified inmates—many of
whom he saw being takgn away
to their final destruction in the
to go along — will agree to the
above terms. It is reported from
Cairo that his position is as
strong as it ever was — possibly
stronger.
Moreover, from Moscow comes
a report that a permanent Soviet
military alliance with Egypt, Sy
ria and Jordan is emerging. Its
aim is to close the whole Mid
dle East to the West. This is
something the United States over
looked when it sided with the
Soviet Union and Nasser against
Britain, France and Israel when
the crisis started.
As the struggle in the Middle
East continues to deteriorate, re
ports from Moscow and Egypt in
dicate that the Jews in those
countries are faced with deporta
tions and imprisonment. Jews in
the leading Egyptian cities are
being rounded up in scenes re-
meiniscent of Hitlerian days. In
Poland and Lithuanian territories
now incorporated into the Soviet
Union mass deportations of Jews
have been underway.
At the UN, Israeli newsman
Jacob Baal Teshuva recounted
how in the four-day Sinai cam
paign Israel had taken 70-million
dollars worth of Egyptian-Soviet
arms; had captured the two
Egyptian Generals who had sat
as judges during the trials which
had condemned two Jews to
(Continued on Page 4)
Golda
Israel's
, .cir to Head
U N Delegates
UNITED NATIONS, N. Y.,
(JTA) — With the Middle East
crisis high on the agenda as an
issue of extreme urgency, the
eleventh annual session of the
United Nations General Assemb
ly convened earlier this afternoon
in an atmosphere of great tension.
Efforts at further solution of
the Israel-Arab conflicts in gen
eral, and Israel-Egyptian rela
tions in particular, have now been
transferred from the special
emergency session of the As
sembly to the regular meeting.
In order to do away with the
usual General Assembly proce
dures, the Middle East question
will be discussed by the As
sembly as a whole, in plenary
meeting, instead of being bound
by the red tape of committee
discussions.
Israel is represented here this
year by the largest and strongest
delegation it has sent here since
the state was established in 1948.
Ambassador Abba Eban is again
chairman of the delegation, but
is expected to relinquish the
chairmanship this week to Mrs.
New U. S. Congress to Have 12 Jewish
Members; Ilate Mongers Rebuffed
gas chamber.
Dr. Baeck himself was ordered
to be executed. Hut through er
ror, another rabbi with a similar
name was removed to the gas
chamber.
After the war, Dr. Baeck toured
the United States under B’nai
B’rith sponsorship. In interviews,
he told newspapermen of the ef
forts he made to sustain intel
lectual life in the Nazi prison
camps. He told how classes were
held each evening, with Jewish
sentries posted every 100 feet to
warn of the approach of SS
guards. Once, Dr. Baeck reported
he lectured to 700 inmates in this
manner.
He returned to live in London
where he became a strong advo
cate of Jewish resettlement in
Palestine. “This is no longer a
matter of dissent among Jews,
but a matter of union and harm
ony,” he said. “The B’nai B’rith
in Palestine is a symbol of this
harmony.”
The late Rabbi Joshua Loth
Lieb, author of “Peace of Mind,”
considered Dr. Baeck of the stat
ure of Gandhi and of the Christ
ian physician-theologian Dr. Al
bert Schweitzer.
WASHINGTON, (JTA) — One
notable feature of the campaign
was the overwhelming rejection
by the electorate of all divisive
and extremist sentiments. The
elections represented a clear and
frustrated rejection of hate mon
gers who attempted, in some
areas, to inject racial and religious
hatred into the political arena.
Evidence for the rejection of
extremist views was seen here
in the failure of the States Rights
group, whose candidate for the
Presidency was T. Coleman An
drews, to make a showing in any
area of the country.
Jacob K. Javits, New York Re
publican, won the Senate seat va
cated by Sen. Herbert H. Lehman,
Democrat, who did not run for
re-election. Mr. Javits is attor
ney general of New York State.
He served in Congress for sev
eral years and was particularly
noted as a member of the House
Foreign Affairs Committee. Sen.
Richard Neuberger, Oregon Demo
crat, elected in 1954, continues
in office as a Senator of Jewish
faith.
In the House at least two new
members of Jewish religion were
elected. One is Ludwig Teller,
New York City Democrat with a
distinguished academic and legal
background, who will fill the seat
vacated by Rep. Irwin Davidson.
The other is Assemblyman Leon
ard Farbstein who won the seat
left open by Rep. Arthur G.
Klein. Both are New York Dem
ocrats. Davidson, Klein, and Sid
ney Fine, another New York Con
gressman, left Congress to take
positions on courts. Mr. Davidson
becomes a judge of General Ses
sions Court while Mr. Klein and
Fine serve on the New York State
Supreme Court.
Other Jews re-elected are Chair
man Emanuel Celler of the House
Judiciary Committe, Lester Holtz-
man, Abraham J. Multer, Herbert
Zelenko, and Isidore Dollinger—
all New York Democrats. Sidney
Yates, of Chicago was re-elected
as were Earl Chudoff, Philadel
phia, and Samuel N. Friedl, Bal
timore. These three, also are De
mocrats.
In Massachusetts, where Demo
crats captured every major state
office, despite a tremendous ma
jority for President Eisenhower,
only one Republican candidate
appeared to have withstood the
Democratic sweep. Attorney Gen
eral George S. Fingold appeared
to have retained that post, on the
basis of late returns, in a close
contest with the Democratic can
didate, Edward McCormack, Jr.,
president of Boston’s City Coun
cil.
Students Die Fighting
Russians In Hungary
Once, during his appearance at
a B’nai B’rith convention, Dr.
Baeck was asked to explain his
philosophy.
He replied: “For humanity
through Judaism.”
Philip M. Klutznick, president
of B’nai B’rith, said this week
that his organization “mourned
the loss of Rabbi Baeck deeply.
B’nai B’rith had a special place
in its heart for Leo Baeck for
he was one of our very awn.”
VIENNA, (JTA) — More than
300 Jewish students died in the
fighting between Hungarians and
Soviet troops up to Nov. 3 and
more must have been killed since,
the Jewish Telegraphic Agency
learned here.
Its informant, a- Jewish mem
ber of Petofi, the Hungarian
writers club, said that the ma
jority of Jewish students had
participated in the battles against
the Russians and that Jewish
high school and university stu
dents had demonstrated outstand
ing courage. It is for this reason,
the sources said, that with the
exception of a very small number
of anti-Semitic incidents in the
early days of the fighting that
nothing of an anti-Jewish nature
had occurred.
The informant said that among
the exploits of a Jewish group
fighting with the Hungarian forc
es was the capture of Soviet
troops and the execution of a
high ranking Jewish officer of the
Hungarian secret police. A large
part of the 80,000 member Buda
pest Jewish population participa
ted in the battles of the last few
weeks, he asserted The inform
ant, who asked that his name
be withheld because he had left
relatives behind in Budapest, ar
rived here with a bullet wound
in the left foot.
Golda Meir, Israel’s Foreign
Minister, who will arrive before
the end of the week.
At the emergency session of
the General Assembly, Mr. Eban
made it clear that Israel is ready
to enter into negotiations with
Egypt to settle a 11 outstanding
questions between them. He de
clared that Israel would welcome
a call by the General Assembly
“for a freely negotiated settle
ment” between the two countries.
However, he added, it was for
Egypt and Israel and no others
to determine the conditions for
their peaceful co-existence.
Meanwhile, United Nations Sec
retary General Dag Hammar-
skjold, who flew to Rome and
thence to Cairo to discuss with
the Egyptian Government details
regarding placement of the UN
police force, announced that
Egypt had agreed to the station
ing of UN troops on its terri
tory. In Rome, Mr. Hammarskjold
will confer with Maj. Gen. E. L.
M. Burns, chief of the new UN
command. On Thursday he ex
pects to be in Cairo.
JERUSALEM, (JTA) — Fe-
dayeen from Jordan struck in
side Israel last week on a wide
front, destroying property and at
tacking houses, bridges, water
mains, automobiles and a rail
road. Despite the heavy concen
tration of attacks, no Israel cas
ualties were reported, but three
fedayeen were captured and one
killed in the Lachish area south
west of Jerusalenv
The most important damage was
done to the main aqueduct carry
ing Jerusalem’s drinking water.
It was breached near Bab el Wad
and a crew of Israeli technicians
and laborers were repairing it.
Another water line was blhsted
near Shaar Hagai and a civilian
car attacked by grenade and rifle
fire in the same area. Cars were
also attacked in the Jerusalem
Corridor and in the vicinity of
Kalkilya, on the edge of the
“bloody triangle” in Central Pal
estine.
Three empty houses were blown
up east of Lydda. A charge went
off under a bridge near Ein
Hashomer but the structure was
not damaged. At Ramat Hako-
vesha a band of fedayeen was
intercepted preparing to sabotage
the railroad right of way.
To Speak at Macon
Miss Jane fcvans (above), exec
utive director of the National
Federation of Temple Sisterhoods,
who will be one of the principal
speakers daring the sessions of
the Southeastern Federation of
Temple Sisterhoods and the
Southeast Council of the Ameri
can Hebrew Congregation in
Macon, Nov. 17-18. The South
east Association of Reform Rabbis
will also meet during the week
end.