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Friday, August 9, 1963
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LADIES’ and MEN’S HATS
(rambling
By RABBI II. KABINOWICZ
—LONDON
Recent legislation on gambling
has brought the controversy to
the fore again. While many
people feel that these measures
are not sufficiently far reaching,
others maintain that they are a
complete reversal of the exist
ing laws relating to lotteries and
that it is calculated to encourage
cupidity rather than chairty.
Some form of gambling in
variably graces Jewish social or
charitable functions. Tombolas,
wheels of chance or raffles
where prizes range from a “trip
to Israel” to a “week-end in
Bournemouth,” from a motor
car to a bottle of whisky, are
widely patronized by Senior
and Junior Charitable Associa
tions, Youth Clubs and Building
Committees of both the United
and the Federation Synagogues.
Few Ladies’ Guilds exclude
from their activities on occa
sional “Whist Drive” or a “So
cial Evening” with card games.
Even literary and cultural so
cieties sandwich a whist drive
or a card evening between a
lecture on “Major Trends in
Jewish Mysticisim” and ‘The
Jewish Contribution to Civiliza
tion.” Nor are these activities
confined to Hanukah, Purim,
New Moons or Nittel (Christ
mas Eve). Still, to quote the de
votees, the public must be given
what it wants, to do a great
right, do a little wrong, playing
for charity is the vogue, it is all
in a good cause.
Unlike television, only recent
ly the subject of a ban by some
rabbis, the problem of gambling
received considerable attention
in the past. Early in the fifteenth
century, the Synod of Forli, as
cited by Israel Abrahams in his
fascinating book “Jewish Life in
the Middle Ages,” resolved that
from this day forth for ten years
no Jew shall assemble in his
house or premises a party for
gambling; neither Jews nor
Christians; nor may any Jew
play dice or cards, or any other
games of chance . . . Also on the
fast days, or if, God forbid, any
one is sick, they may play cards
to relieve their distress, but on
ly on condition that they stake
not more than one quattrino at
any game.
In the 17th century, Samuel
Portaleone composed minute
regulations restricting and con
trolling gambling. “No person,
whether man or woman, shall
be permitted to play any game,
whether within the Jewish quar
ter or outside it, before noon;
but playing shall be lawful from
noon onward till the afternoon
prayer, in summer till four
o’clock and in the winter till 5
o’clock. The penalty for dis
obedience shall be that the de
faulter shall hand over his win
nings to the charity box.”
These restrictive regulations
were particularly necessary in
Italy, \yhere extravagant wag
ering and excessive gaming was
so popular that even the erudite
scholar such as Rabbi Leone da
Modena (1571-1648) was a de
vout addict. Perhaps, acting on
the principle of attack being
World Youth Conference Urged
To Strengthen Ties With Israel
JERUSALEM (JTA)— Jewish
youth in countries outside Israel
has no greater challenge than to
play an active part in the build
ing of Israel, and contribute to
the country’s advancement, eco
nomic development and cultural
progress, Prime Minister Levi
Eshkol declaring here Sunday
evening.
In an address at the opening
session of the second World Con
ference of Jewish Youth, Mr.
Eshkol said that this generation
has an opportunity “to mold the
future of our people” and that
the conference could have a di
rect influence on the lives of
Jews throughout the world. The
Premier recalled that Israel is
the achievement of the younger
generations in the Diaspora coun
tries “which came forward over
the decades to carry out the tasks
of the era and realize an ancient
dream.”
Former Prime Minister David
Ben-Gurion addressed the con
ference on the responsibility of
Diaspora youth toward Israel,
and the responsibility of Israeli
youth toward the Diaspora.
Chief Rabbi YitzJiak Nissim
Shazar; Dr.
president of
60th Anniversary
For South African
Hoard of Deputies
JOHANNESBURG (JTA) —
The South African Jewish Board
of Deputies recently marked the
60th anniversary of its founding
at the organization’s regular
monthly meeting.
Dr. Teddy Schneider, chair
man of the Board, hailed the
work of the body over the past
six decades, in its efforts “to
watch and take action on all
matters affix-ting South African
Jews as a community” and for
maintaining and strengthening
its Jewish heritage, religiously,
educationally, and in all other
directions.
“There have been moves in
this country to draw us into con
troversial fields in politics, but
the Board has persisted in its
policy of remaining outside the
political arena and upholding the
right of Jews, like all other citi
zens, to their individual political
opinions and affiliations,” Dr.
Schneider declared.
the best form of defense, he
wrote a learned polemic, rebuk
ing the community for censuring
him.
Different aspects of gambling
were discussed in the Responsa
of many leading rabbinical au
thorities and many of them de
nounced gambling from the
pulpit. R. Joseph Caro (1488-
1575) in his lloshen Mishpat
considered under the Mishnaic
and Talmudic Term whether
gambling should be classified
under the heading of robbery
and thus disqualify the gambler
from testifying before a Court.
The Rema, R. Moses ben Israel
Isserles (1525-1572) ruled that
the custom, being so widespread,
did disqualify a gambler from
being a witness, except if he
had no other profession.
Chassidic rabbis criticized their
followers who indulged in lot
teries. A renowned rabbi once
refused to seek heavenly inter
cession for a Chassid who was
hopefully trying for a winning
lotery ticket. When the Chassid
solemnly assured the rabbi that
once he had won, he would
never buy another ticket, the
sage replied “You are like a
would-be proselyte who delays
the final ceremony of circumci
sion, till he has devoured the
stock of trefah meat in his pos
session.” There were still, how
ever, Zaddikim possessed with
the spirit of Levi Isaac of Ber-
ditchev. R. Wolf Zbarazer, on
being told that many Jews were
spending the entire night play-
Page Three
ing cards, remarked "Perhaps
they are desirous of accustoming
themselves to the habit of stay
ing awake all night; that hav
ing acquired this habit, they
may gradually devote their time
to the study of the Torah.”
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CARY SANDERS
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told the 400 delegates from 34
countries and the more than 1,000
young overseas guests from the
various summer seminars here,
that there was “no greater or
sounder guarantee for the exis
tence of the Jewish people than
settlement in the Homeland.” He
said that Jewish education faith
ful to Torah and the strengthen
ing of ties between the Jewish
youths in Israel and outside Is
rael should prepare the ground
for eventual immigration.
The gala opening of the con
ference at Jerusalem’s Conven
tion Center was attended by
President Zalman
Nahum Goldmann,
the World Zionist Organization;
members of the Cabinet and the
Jewish Agency executive; and
Jerusalem Mayor Mordechai Ish-
Shalom.
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