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Russia Seen Making ‘Token Concessions
To Jews; No Basic Changes
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LADIES' art MEN’S HATS
NEW YORK (JTA) — The
American Jewish Conference on
Soviet Jewry, which is composed
of 24 national Jewish organiza
tions, issued an ‘interim report’
on the situation of the Jews in
the Soviet Union, declaring that
“token concessions, promises and
some real changes” have been
made by the Soviet authorities
with regard to Jewish religion
and culture but they constitute
“no fundamental improvement in
the situation of Jewish life in the
USSR.”
The report said that recent
events in the Soviet Union have
raised “guarded hopes” that the
Soviet government is changing its
"policy toward the Jews and that
the situation of Soviet Jewry is
undergoing fundamental improve
ment. “But closer analysis shows
that the Soviet aim is still the
assimilation of Russian Jewry
which continues to be denied the
cultural, religious, educational and
communal institutions and facil
ities whereby it might perpetuate
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its distinctiveness,” the report
stressed.
Detailing and analyzing the
“concessions, compromises and
changes” that have been intro
duced into Soviet Jewish life, the
report noted:
1. Halting of the campaign of
prosecution of Jews for alleged
economic crimes, which had res
ulted in frequent sentences of
death, and been accompanied by
vituperative anti-Semitic articles
in the controlled Soviet press. “In
itself, the halt in prosecutions
represents no shift in the basic
Soviet policy of attrition of Jew
ish group identity,” the report
stated.
2. Permitting the limited baking
and sale of matzoh for Passover
1965 in Moscow, Leningrad and
a few other cities. This, the re
port emphasized, still left most
of the Jewish masses outside the
large cities without this staple of
the Passover observance. Before
1957 matzoh was available in
State stores rather than only in
synagogues, it pointed out.
3. Enlargement of the single
Yiddish periodical published in
the Soviet Union, Sovietish Heim-
land, inclusion in it of articles on
Jewish history and Jewish litera
ture, and increased frequency of
its publication (from bi-monthly
to monthly); also publication of
several volumes of Yiddish liter
ature, including a novel in Yiddish
for the first time since 1948.” “All
this is welcome but does not ob
scure the paucity and slowness
of the publication program. The
appearance of a handful of books
cannot be mistaken for a real
publication program.” the Confer
ence report commented.
4. Promises to the rabbi of
Moscow’s main synagogue that
the publication of 10,000 prayer
books in Hebrew would be per
mitted, that 15 to 20 students
would be admitted to the Moscow
Yeshivah which has been virtual
ly shut down since 1962, and that
matzoh would be freely available
in Moscow for Passover 1965.
These promises,” the Conference
stated, “were accompanied by a
curiously sad note. Silence has
prevailed about them in the So
viet Union, although they were
broadcast by Radio Moscow on
its overseas transmission.”
5. A gala performance in Mos
cow of the Shostakovitch Thir
teenth Symphony, including a
choral rendering of the Yevtush
enko poem Babi Yar, was in con
trast to two years ago, when both
the symphony and the poem were
v ; ru'entlv denounced and with
drawn from the Soviet repertoire.
Th's is seen as suggesting the
possibility of --a reversal of the
Soviet policy of silence about the
Jew’sh victims of the Nazi holo-
caiwt, were it not for the notable
failure of Soviet authorities to
break this silence even in the in
scriptions on monuments to Nazi
victims,” the Conference report
declared.
^ 6. The “public and authorita
tive condemnation of anti-Semi
tism” by no less a personage than
Premier Kosygin and in no less
official a publication than Prav-
da is evaluated as “the most sig
nificant development” of recent
months. Seen in its context, how
ever, the Conference said that the
Kosygin statement “was not
principled or based on morality
but on tactical and strategic
grounds” the image of the Soviet
Union abroad. Nevertheless, the
condemnation is to be taken ser
iously, the report holds, as “a
signal that anti-Semitism is not
in favor.
The Conference concluded that
the “Soviet leadership is sensi
tive and troubled. Moscow is vul
nerable; it is susceptible to the
pressure of world opinion; it does
move in response to it.” In a
statement accompanying the re
port, the organizations comprising
the Conference renewed their
pledge not to rest from their ef
forts to keep world opinion
focused on the situation of’ So
viet Jewry “until it has been ac
corded the rights and privileges
available to other national-ethnic-
religious groups in the Soviet
Union.”
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