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PAGE 14 THE SOUTHERN ISRAELITE August 30, 1985
Suzanne Enf
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by David Landau
JERUSALEM (JTA)—The very
first houses built in Jerusalem have
been unearthed in the Kidron Val
ley, just southeast of the Old City
walls.
Hebrew University archaeologist
Yigal Shilo, coming to the end of
his eighth and last season’s dig at
the City of David, last month struck
bedrock—and exposed on the bed
rock neat little homes built 3,000
years ago.
His team of local students and
overseas volunteers are now smash
ing through a section of a later wall
to discover whether these first hous
es—the beginning of settlement in
the city 1,000 years before King
David—were surrounded by a pro
tective wall or were merely a village
like complex open to the surround
ing hillsides.
The unearthed houses comprise
walls with built-in benches pro-
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'“GROUP
truding from them and surround
ing a central living area. Shilo told
reporters that such construction is
common in this proto-urhan phase
in Palestine—the early Bronze Peri
od contemporaneous with the patri
archs.
He noted that much older dwel
lings have been discovered, in Jeri
cho and elsewhere. But the exciting
aspect of the Kidron Valley settle
ment, close to the Siloam spring, is
that it marks the start of uninter
rupted settlement in Jerusalem from
3.000 years ago to the present day.
Archaeologists have not been
able to trace a continuous proto-
urban development in Jericho or in
the other more ancient sites: there
is an unexplained lacuna between
the prehistoric remains and the
more modern ruins.
Shilo said it was natural for the
first, nomadic settlers to choose a
site close to the source of fresh
water—even though this was not
the highest or best protected site in
the area.
Subsequent development of Jer
usalem tended to take place higher
up the slope—so that the City of
David itself, extensively excavated
by Shilo and his team in recent
years, sits several hundred feet
above the Kidron Valley houses.
Later still, under Solomon, the
Temple was built still higher—in
what Shilo termed Jerusalem’s
acropolis. The two sections of the
city, the original City of David and
the acropolis, were linked.
Shilo’s finds are gradually being
incorporated into an archeological
park, with the help of Mayor Teddy
Kollek’s Jerusalem Foundation.
Opened only recently, and still
far from completion, the park al
ready promises to become one of
Jerusalem’s most attractive tourist
sites, for local and overseas vis
itors. Thoughtful landscaping has
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contributed to effective exhibition
of the excavated structures against
a backdrop of unobtrusive modern
concrete buttresses relieved by green
gardens.
Among the most arresting finds
are a six-story stepped stone struc
ture, built along the slope of the
hill. Under this, Shilo found, verit
ably intact, houses of the Davidic
Period, complete with pillars, plas
ter, and even indoor latrines. Signet
rings and shards afforded precise
dating—and in some cases corres
ponded to actual biblical names.
The centerpiece of the archaeo
logical park is without doubt War
ren’s shaft, the huge and eerie tun
nel leading down, under the ground,
from the City of David to a point
deep within the bowels of the rock,
from where the ancient Israelites
could draw water from the Siloam,
undetected by potential enemies.
The tunnel is named after an
American naval officer and explor
er, Capt. Charles Warren, who
first discovered it more than a cen
tury ago. He entered it from below,
that is from the Siloam, and man
aged to make his way through the
accretion of silt and rubble almost
till the top.
Subsequently, the shaft was once
again clogged with rubbish and
rubble, and Shilo and the Jerusa
lem Foundation employed South
African mining engineers to help
clear it, and an Alpine climber to
transverse the vertical section from
the Siloam to the place where the
Israelites drew their water.
(The fact that the key stretch was
narrow and vertical made the shaft
ideally secure from enemy invaders.)
Shilo explained that modern geo
logical research has proved the
shaft was in part a natural forma
tion—coinciding as it does with the
coming together of two different
layers of rock. The upper layer is
the more porous, and aeons of
water seeping through it created a
tunnel—which engineers working
for the kings of Judah later en
larged.
Now, the shaft is well lit and
airy—which does not detract from
the visitor’s sense of adventure.
Access is through a restored Tur
kish house which the Jerusalem
Foundation, under Shiloh’s meticu
lous guidance, has wrought into a
small but fascinating museum of
the entire excavation.
Interiors
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By Rita
kit A L. CJOLDSTEIN
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