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An Address of the Central Commit tee to the People of Georgia. Fellow Ctf«e*rw.-Theundersign<’d.tn whom were confided the duly of recommending lo • on the expediency of n convention of dele gates, to amend the Conetitulion, ho as to se- ciire n redueticn of the number at present compelling the General Assembly, the scire- •iyn of the day on which it would be advisable to elect the delegates, their number, and the time for the meeting of such Convention; lisving discharged the trust reposed in them, tliev cannot forbear, in presenting to von the result of their deliberations, lo add for your reflection, certain considerations which may have a tendency to produce a concert in ac tion, so desirable in ihts momentous measure, nnd so conducive to an auspicious result. While the nndevsigned arc deeply sensible of Hie numerous defects of tbo present Con But however expedient it might have been deemed, at that lime, lo have consliluied lliu Senate on this basis, no argument, it is con ceived, can he drawn from this tact, in favour of the continuance ofi, system which is violative of that principle of equality in representation, so essential to a perfect representative govern- mem.nnd upon which Ibe stability and prosper ity ofevjry political fabric must essentially depend. Tr pul this branch of the subject in a clear. cknow , e d 6 en, e „. of thege- point of view, two examples are selected from J ... „ vj. „ liter information relttite to this subject, (as we are as sured Ihcre are several) will do themselves credii, and all parlies interested a great favour by communi cating it to the public, The New York Albion, publishes the following from a late English piper: " The announcement often guineas from Paganiri, at the anniversary of the Rojal Society ol Musiciani last week, was received with greans and hisses I After pocketing the enormous nerosily of the English.” The fottn wing from a Isle Augusta Courier, furnishes n beautiful ronlrssl tu the above; “ »Ve understand this morning, that Mr. Marek. conductor of the St. Cecilia Society, has given to the Poor in the City Hus- of the late Oratoito, the documents already adverted to. The. rep resentative population of Chatham is 11,800; that of Wayne is 818; yet in the ilistribulinn of power in the Senate, Wayne in ns fully na resented as Chatham. Take another exffiT . „ „ f lht profit, u - r> « •• ” , ‘ l,eS 1 T r r reP ??T LZ P ° P " ! ! " m 1 « hie:, was assigned to him for his trouble.” of 10,007 ; that of l.nndolph is SS4 ; vel then.., M M|r( . k 15sai j to bc s fiBnt |,. man or considerable two counties, in representative power, are! c „ n ipli.hmco, in hi. profession, and we arc happy to equal In the Ncttale. Is //,,* cqunltly of rep- |egrn |ha| hl , jnlBn(Jj , ia j, jng our ,„ wn tll i. Summer, reap ilia I toil ? Is it just that the Mnull counties I furth , of giving instruelioo lo,hose wishing to should exact such a vast sncrifico from tho lar- jn|pmVH t ,, ejr in lhe .. ni» inc An.” He would be Communications. solution, nnd of the evils engendered by its provisions, Bird also of tho absolute necessity J eer one* 1 Ought not such an apportionment of providing a speedy nnd efficient remedy for | milter to bo sltickuri from lhe Const Million, and them; while, loo, they believe, in rommon | entirely repudiated, hh Ihe prosscst of political tviiit many oflheir fellow citizens, llint lhe only I heresies ? This brunch of iho subject cun bc remedy for these evils, is lo bc found in the : further illustrated by contrasting thn taxes paid redeeming virtues of the people assembled by | into tbo treasury by those smallrcounties, with their delegates in Convention ; these Ilelo- .'the sums annually drawn out for the pav of gates acting, as they would doubtless tret, their representative*. The taxes paid in 1830,by with a single purpose to advance the prosperi-! Appling ,w pro 890; the representatives of that ty, nnd exalt the diameter of the Slain ; and 1 county received m 1831, 8516! linker paid at the same time, secure to you, nnd your cbil- j taxes 8100 ; the representatives 8490. Irwin c’ren. the invaluable blessings of civil and re- paid luxes 86ft ; the representatives received iiginin liberty ; would not fail lo present for 8120. Marion paid 850; the representatives your final sanction and adoption, o revisnl rereived 8470. Randolph paid 75; the rep- constitunnn, remodeled, and adapted lo your t resentatives received 8522. Wnre paid taxes present situation, every way worthy of thn 850; Iho representatives received 8502. character of its framers, and acceptable to: The foregoing, follow citizens, are some of yourselves ; yet, the undersigned, tinvo felt I thn evils which is proposed to remedy, recoin- themselves obliged to abstain 'rum reeum- j mending to yon to elect delegates, lo meet mending a rcvsion of that instrument, beyond i in »otivenlion, for iho purpose already expres- a reduction and equalization of the number sed. Tho efforts to accomplish » purpose so composing tho General Assembly. They did J replete with beneficial results to people, while deem themselves at liberty logo fort her. To | they would ciiiinblu the flights of thn highest that object, therefore, their enquiries have genius, should meet in this instance, with re- been limited. Tho time for the election of delegates, nnd for amending the Constitution, is Holy auspi cious. Tho cloud that lowered upon our po litical horizon, has passed awtiy. The missile aimed at our sovereignty by the federal judicia ry,has failed to achievoits pnrpnso. There ex* sped, though coming from the humblest in tellect. The science of government is progressive ; but experieueo is butler than any theory. Vir ginia and New Yntk have set lire example in remodelling llieir government*—they have beniTltled by Ibe light ot experience, noil are in* no political exeitemont, to cull into action'now enjoying the fruits of tlioir exertion*.- the fever of party strife, nothing indeed to iin- < While this light to them i* hire the polar -tar, p* In ilia onward courso of public action, pro- j to guide tlioiu into sale and secure mooring*, veot ihe nxcreise of the public judgement, nr tu retard t .e progress of this great work. This, follow-cizcns, is no parly measure. It is believed that all reflecting men of what ever party, who sincorely desires the prosperi ty of Georgia, and tho happiness of her people, are deeply impressed with tho existence of lire evils which have grown uni of Iho apportion ment of tho members of iho General Assem bly, under ihu present Coiisiituiion ; uf their pnugro.sMivc increase , of Iho onerous expenses incurred for Iho support o( government ; of tho unequal distribution of power in tho Sonntoriul shall it prove in you only a beacon hglil, which gives warnings of the course to Ini shunned, hut dous not point out, that which should be pursued 1 Tho foregoing considerations aro submitted lo you fellow citizens, with pure motives, and with u frankness which tho subject demanded. A confident o is indulged, that you will nol forbear to act in this matter, in n spirit be coming freemen, who have called upon their representatives in Ihe legislature in vain, to perform that which it is lioped you are now re solved to perform for yourselves. Harken branch of tho legislature; of Ihe inequality of j not to the voice that tells you lire measure pro- taxation, and of Iho utter hopelessness o r pro-, posed and recommended lo your consideration, v.dmg u remedy for these evils in any other 1 is novel in Ms inception, or impracticable in Ms way, Ilian that new recommended fur your resells. With you iilonn rest the success of approval. The plan of enumeration established by the present system, mcroases tho Geuer.il Assem bly at ihe next session, to 250 members, inclu ding SO .Senators. The situation, soil uiid cli mate of the Chorokro country, will no Hmdrl revile a vast population. It is reasonable to anticipate that this country will compose from 15 lo 17 counties, which will, in nil prubnbili- ty.increase Ihe number of member* in the log's- Inturo, in n short time, to upwards of 300.— Wnut benificiul, or corresponding good, can arise from bo numerous a body of legislators ? W ill their measures ho characterized by pru denco or wisdom 1 Nay, hns not peat expo rieiico rather (how you, tlmt Ihe good which they, for tho lari few years, have accomplish ed, is, by no means commensurate with the per-diem allowance which they hove taken from yurt treusury? It has been justly said- that in numerous assemblies, of whatever character composed, passion never fails, to wrest the sreptre from reason. Had every Athenian cilizun been a Socrates, overy Athen ian assembly would still have been a mob.— A numerous assembly of legislators, never ye: benefited themselves, or oilier*, by fheir de liberations- Tho laws enacted by them ore usually inconsistent with each other, uncertain in their provisions, and obscure in their lan guage, dulying aliko the jurist anil the judge, to present n rational translation of their mean ing. Tho progressive increase of legislative enactments, for the last few years, seem to vise in geometrical progeation. This is too no torious to require proof of the fuel; yet if such proof should be required,tum to our digest,and the fact is demonstrated beyond nil dispute, llot those are minor evils, in comparison with others, which a numerous legislature has en tailed upon you. Tno burthensomo and prodi gal drafts upon your treasury, are well calcula ted to excite the must lively anxieties for Ihe Arturo. Turn to your coffers, behold them nearly exhausted I Ask your treasurer for an exhibition ef the state of your exchequer. He will tell, you that the appropriations lor the current year are upwards of 8278,000, and the pay roll of your legialature, a fraction above 855,000, making $333,000. To pay this turn, on the first of April last, there was in the treasury 8204,0001! These fellow, citizens, are stubborn facts, proved by the document ennexed to this address: comm. nl upon them is unnecessary. It ia believed to be a fundamental principle in representative republics that population, and not territory, should form the basis of rep resentation. The total disregard of this aalu- tar) principle, in the present system, can be only accounted for, by tbo fact, that 34 year* ago, when the constiuiiun was formed, there were but 26 counties, and the house < f repre sentatives coexisted of only 62 meaUrs.— tliu enterprise, und you lire lire first recipients of its benefits. J). II. .Mili ht.ll, Chairman, l.ucins Q. C. Lamar, Samuel Rockwell, James.M. Chambers, John II. Howard, Fin ish Carter, Joel Crawford. Wins. Rutherford, William IL Torrance, Samuel lloijhin. Members of the Central Committee, The Southern Banner. RDITKD BY At.BDN CtUAK AND ALFHF.D W. NISBKT. Tuesday, May 22, 1832. Divine Art." He great acquistiiin to iho society of amateurs late ly formed in this place,ifIhey can procure tiis services. 7*o Corrtspondents.—Oue friends will hereafter have the goodness to lesve their communications at this of- fico, nnd not deposit them as heretofore in tho box al lire Book-store of G. W. Shaw. The Cherokee Country.—Wccull the the attention of our readers loan aiticle in our papei of to-day, signed " A Surveyor.” It ia mitten by a gentleman m whoso statement* w* place the moat implicit confidence, and whose opportunities for obtaining correct information on the subject of his communication liaa been very great; having been employed fur some time as a survey or in the Cherokee country. There are two facta sta led by “A Surveyor,"and which we have no doubt can be well substantiated, that should command the imme diate attention uf Ihe authorities of lhe General Go vernment, end be duly considered by it in forming a treaty with the Indiana. It is more than probable tint a treaty with them will be cllected shortly, and that large reacrvalions will he claimed, and secured to those wishing to remain, and to come under the juriidiclion of our state authunliea. We tie inlbimed by *' A Sur veyor," that a large portion of tire moat wealthy and influential class of Indians, those who have been to strenuously opposed to the rights of Georgia, and the acquisition of the Cherokee country, ere men that have heretofore obtained reaervationa and sold them out, who in stead of emigrating Weatofthe Mietissippi have settled in tho Nation; and will donbtlcva lay in their claim fur timber favours uf this kind) and if nut coaely watched, will share largely, to the injury of those who are justly entitled, in the monies arising Irom a treaty with the General Government. Others it seems are engagi d in purchasing up the improve ments oflhe common Indians at a trifling consideration for the purpose or speculating on the Ueneral Govern ment- Those who sell in this way,'ate permitted to remain in tbe Nation, and tire speculator to hold their improvements, ready to take advantage of the Govern ment, when tbe time shall have arrived when they will be able lo exact their own prices. These tliiaga should be enquired into—ibey are at once diiectly opposed lo the right* of tire Indians, the State, and the General Government. Gentlemen haring iu nosserrien fur Our Market Roads.—We have given the views ol “ A Wagonner” a place in oor paper of this week, more from a disposition to elicit information on the subject of las communication, than for Ihe purpose of giving currency to speculations, with regard to the correctness of which, we are by no means convinced. The subject of our market roads, is one of vast inter est to Iho people j they have beeo but a short time since awakened to > just sense of its importance j and we would not for any consideration, tnrmv Ihe slightest obstacle in Ihe way of the experiments now making on the roads,believing rs wc *Jo,(the opinion of our respect ed correspondent lothc contrary iiutwiihstanding)that they must result gnatly to the convenience and inter est of tho Stale. Our correspondent seems rlccided.y ol Ihe opinion, that Ihe Stale is nol only squandciing tho public funds, but uctuiilly inuking the roods worse than they were bdore. Now this is a serious charge, coining from tire quarter it does, and is worthy of the serious notice of l!ic friends of our present " internal improvement system.” We do nol feel ourselves compc tent to entor into a full vindication of tho system, hav ing heretofore paid bul little attention to tho subject, and never having personally witnessed the effects of lhe experiment in thn section, furnishing ground work for the acvero animadversion* of “A Wagonner.” We would, however, be pleased to give the subject a fair hearing, pro and con, iu lire columns of our paper; and should like lo hear from those who feel them selves able and willing to encounter its difficulties.— On reading the communication of “ A Wagonner, we could not but think his condemnation of Ihe system, proinuluro— taking into const Juration the unusual severity of the Isle winter—tho quantity of rain that fell—lire backwardness of lire Spring, and that the work on the road about which he complains so bitterly was executed during Ibis inclement season; it would bc strange indeed, if the situation of the roads should have been otherwise than he desetibe* them to he. We had likewise observed, the great benefit ileiivedin other sections of the Stale, from operation* on public roads of precisely the same kind; and came to the conclusion ilmt our correspondent must have prematurely Judged Iho matter, or that the cloy ol llirlunond, Columbia, \\ ilkos, und Oglethorpe, differ very materially iu properties, from ihul of Morgan, Baldwin, Greene, and Hancock* -<3S>- Conventton.—Wo Iny before our readers to-day, the able mol eloquent address of the Central Coiniuitle Ihe people of the Slate, If tho good pt nplcof Georgia would lay asiilo all sclli.di, sectional and party feeling, anti calnly and deliberately peruse this address, nod weigh well thn momentous truths it presents lo them, they would rian up to a man and say to their next presrmtntives in the l.egislalure—reform yourselves, or toe will reform you ! J,el the people but apeak plainly and decidedly to their servants, and they will always command obedience. Tho "Federal Union" says, the address was prepared by Col. Rockwell, of Milleilge- villo; it does him great credit, and we hope tho party to which ho belongs, will,on this account at least, give it a candid and impartial hearing. By the by, we err happy to find that tho causn of reduction is rapidly gaining friends among tire leading man oflhe Clark parly. Many uf those who have heretofore opposed, or evinced a great indiffcrenco to the subject, are bt ginning tu bestir themselves. We like the symptoms manifested by an article in a late “ Federal Union"— " The Columbus Democrat" is wide awake—Ho of the "Macon Teltgraph"is not slumbering at Ills poll, and the Aug.Chroniete will,no doubt,after its delerium of nnl- lification has passed off, wake up reformed and a reformer. —<Cg>— The Cholera.—The Farisian* have become aojealoua of their rights, that they are restive even under the dis pomatums of Providence. On tho first breaking out of the Cholera in that city, strong symptoms of revolt were manifested, and as tho disease gained ground open rebellion and insurrectionary movements became the order of l ne day. Our latest accounts from France, left the belligerents waging a meat sanguinary and ex. terminating warfare—great doubt waa entertained with regard Jo ihe reault—w hether the mob or the cholera would be left in pasaoasion of the field. roa tuf. soutiif.ru banner. .Messrs. Editors,—Having recently relum ed from the Cherokee nation, I feel it my duty to give such intelligence as may he of interest to the public. I learned from a native, that when the Dele gation returns from Washington city, it is con templated dial Ihe principul part of the Indi ans, would hold a meeting to agitato the pro priety of yielding to the wishes of the Gener al Government; und he gives it also as his opinion, that there will be a treaty effected during lhe present summer. I ascertained while in the nation, that many of tho persons who linvo opposed tho views and interests of Georgia, have heretofore obtained valuable re servations in Hull and Habersham, and sold them, and are now comfortably settled on the mosl desirable spots in Ihe nation. 1 heard of one individual who has been favoured tvilli two reservations, ono in South Carolina, and one in Georgia, and was moreover permitted Io give in and draw u valuable prize in one of Georgia’^ Land Lotteries. This man is now living on a beautiful farm in the Cherokee country, willing (no doubt) to take another re servation, or receive a comfort" tile portion of the money that may be finally paid by thn Go vernment lor the Indian country. One thing, perhaps unknown *o many, I would mention, f have been informed und my information pro ceeds from a sourcu that may be confidently relied on, that some individuals claiming the right to emigrate, has been engaged in pur rimsing tho Indian’s improvements at n redu ced price,paid tno, in meiehnmbze at u highper cent, und having them valued as their own improvements, the Indian- still suffered as be fore, to remain ort Georgia land. These things ought not sq to be. The Go vernment ought to ascertain at whosq door this sin lieth. And here, Me*sr*. Editors, suffer me to iisk. how would this sit upon the ear of our Northern enemies, who are trying against Georgia, “ oppression and cruelty I” There opppeurs to be no disposition on the pnrt of the Indians to interrupt the survey of the country, which is now rapidly progressing, some of the surveyors aro nearly half done, others have but just commenced. The dtf- lercnt periods at which they entered upon tho discharge of their duties, will poslpene the completion of the survey until sntno time in August 1 . A SURVEYOR. to be strict and to accustom youth to restraint while they are yet loo young to judge what is right and wrong. A boy accustomed by early indulgence to have his way, at .the age of twelve or fourteen years knows more than his father and mother, the President and all the officer* of College, if ho happens to bo. there, and will talk about the rights of Ihe atu. dents, a* consequentially as any political dem agogue, about the rights of the people. Sir, you know, and overy man in this community knows, that the young men at our Collego hnve as much freedom ns is consistent with the nature of their condition, and some think rather more- Nothing is required of them in consistent uilh their interest, happiness or self-respect. And if thoso tender hearted pa* rents, who are miserable because Billy hni been punished at school, will take the trouble to examine the records of our University, they will then see who have been suspended, de graded, nnd expelled from i‘s wulls for their dissipation or their insubordination for tbo last twenty tears ; and they will find that, in tune cases out of ten, this disgraco may bo tra ced to some mismanagement in childhood.— But tour correspondent complains that tho civil authority has been permitted to take cog. tiizauce of misdemeanors committed by tho students! Pray, Sir, who should nol? Aro tho walls of our College to bo allowed to.pro- tect felons? Your correspondent will hardly go so lar, I should think, as to say, if a stu dent commits murder, he is not to l>e amena ble to the laws of his country. Why should lie not be if ho commit arson, burglary, theft, or any other outrage upon society ? He sure ly would be hold accountable to the evil au thority were lie at school, at n counlingltou.se, or nn apprentice to any craftsman. Why then should lie be withhold irom justice by the gov ernment of College ? Is it because the force of example and ihe influence of aympalby would bo less injurious in n community of youths of his own age and of similar pursuits, than in n mixed community? I think not. Then let us not complain of punishment at College, till we have done our duty at homo, l.ct us early accustom our children to wholeA some restraints nnd implicit obedience—let utt edeavor to fortify their minds by moral and re ligious principles—and, abovo all, let us not interfere with their discipline at school; tin- less we have cause lo think them abused; and then let them not know that wo think so, till we have ascertained the fact. Punishment Slander.-" It is staled triumphantly in a Southern piper, that a jury lately gave a verdict of £500 damages against a man who had slandered a fe male. We ere informed that a similar case has been dorided in Ihe county of Norfolk. The verdict return* ed was £866. The slenderer used but a single delema- lory cpit het, and it cost him at least a thousand dollars, The plaintiff waa a young lady of irreproachable char- acter, and although the wards used by tho defendant, were spoken in e moment of anger, the Jury consider ed the offence too heinouato bo paaaed over lightly.” The above is from tho 11 Boston Transcript,” of the 5th insl., and inasmuch as the editor seems disposed “ triumphantly” to piece tbe estimate of female char acter in old Massachusetts above the Southern stan dard, we would, for Ins particular gratification inform him, that even here among us dnciviiixxo Georgians— In this benighted land, affording such a fruitful field for Ilia Missionary labours of our considerate, philanthropic, and peHsktii neighbor* at Ihe North—Female character, if worth any thing at all, would bc considered “ dog cheap” at £866. A similar case to thoae related above, was decided at tbo late Superior court of Putnam county, in this State, in which the plaintiff a young la dy uf humble but respectable character, received a ver dict of £2000damages. Tho slander was a few words spoken by the defendant against the purity «f the char acter ofllre plsiutiC FOR THE SOOTHERS BANNER. Messrs. Editors.—The subjoined remarks headed " Education,” have so much of good sense in them, that I am tempted lo send them to you for re-publication in lhe Banner. They appeared in the Boston Evening Gazette, of April 21sl, in reply to a writer who seemed not entirely satisfied with the proceedings of the Faculty of Harvard College, ro*ativo to the conduct of some disorderly students. I was struck with '.be justness df some of the sentiments contained in these remarks, arid as they have a hearing upon circumstances w hich have hid existence among ourselves, they may not be Ihimghl unseasonable .it the pre sent time. Il( upon reading them, you should be of the snnte opinion, you w.II please give ilie reply to *' A Looker On” it place in your paper, nnd thereby gr lily Jt Friend to Jhsc plinc. EDUCATION. Sir,—l was somewhat surprized nt the re marks m your lu*i paper of •• v Looker On ;” and more especially that they* Jluiuld have been tnudt: over that s gnature * Jffnur corres pondent scents wi wonder, '• that while our schools are i.iciuiltng the old mode o: punish ment, os toe severe, our Co/leisv, at the very same lime, is introducing new ones yet severer." AYy, sir he lias explained bis own e uginu; lie has given the very reason why our College hns lo resort lo severer punishment than usu al, viz. ; that our scbuols are relaxing their discipline. Your correspondent cannot lung hnvo been " a looker on,” or be must bo o've ry superficial one, not to have discovered that in proportion to the laxity of government, in lhe indulgence of a child, in the early part of its eduoalion, will be tho necessity of severity ufterwards. Yes, sir, it is a fatal error, into which some of our good citizens have fallen, to suppose that our school discipline in gener al is too severe,and that tho power of inflicting corporal punishment should not bo entrusted to the teachers of schools. Nut that frequent recourse to such punishment is recommen ded ; on tho contrary; this should be '* a strange work,” a lust resort.when other moans fail. Yet this power should hang in terror over the disobedient, with the knowledge that it may fall upon them. And Ihe idea that re course should never be had to it proceeds from a misplaced tenderness and is fraught with mischief; and l much mistake if this truth will not recur with anguish and bitter ness of soul to ninny a Ibnd parent, who is now irom mistaken humanity, or a want of firmness, withholding from his child such sal utary punishment as rnay secure prompt and unqualified obedience: be that more or less severe. It will not be cause of surprise, should this sickly sentiment alluded to prevail generally, if our Cllcges are unable to govern boys at all. I wus forcibly struck with lhe “ march of mind” in the rising generation, while viewing on our common the encumpment of a military compay from a neighboring town last summer, An individual who hod (orced himself within the lines, was stopped by a sentinel and made to return ;—when a hoy, apparently about nitre year* old, exclaimed, “ a damned pretty speci men of arbitrary potter, by a—d > a Ti.u, Sir, is the spirit, which the fas bon of Iho day, and ihe ill judged discussions about school discipline are fostering. Sir, the danger is on tfie other side. In proportion as our luws ind hgHttmion* are free, and le.tve men to their owq discretion, ought our early discipline For. THE SOUTUERN BANNER. MARKET ROADS. Messrs. Editors,-! congratulated the courts try, utter the legislative session of 1829, upon seeing how (huch hud been done for Ihe im provement of our market roads. I thought that the legislators had done themselves credit, and their constituents justice, in that particu lar. It is now mortifying to me, to sec all my sanguine hopes blasted. And (o far from seeing a signal benefit done the country, a» was anticipated, our inconvenience, for want of good rends, is magnifi-ft poet pasu with tho progress of the public hands. I fear our sti- perintniidsiMs and overseers tire labouring un- der a delusion ns regards our soil, und the til- iiiiiimo effects of their labor. When they first commenced their operations, by rounding up the road* m the centre, nod ditelling on each side, n was very manifest lliul lhe now roads were not so good us (he old ones, nor could wo travel with nenr tit" expedition oh Ihero. It was the opinion of ncarlv every person (my self not excepted) that as soon ns tho rouds become firm by use, we should find Ihom vusily improved ; we. have waited now about two years, without a murmur, und looked with nnxtetv lor the benefits of Ihe experiment.— Hus it produced the desired effect? Surely it hns not; nnd 1 appeal to every mnn, who tra velled over llie.ti the last winter, lo sanction the assertion. I believe I may safely say, that Ihe roads in 1829, were better than in ’32. It is known to every man of observation, that the nativo soil, makes a much better road Ihnn the nether clay; and according to tho present mode of operation, tho soil is covorcd over, and deeply hidden with the cloy, which is left for tho surface of the road; then as soon as a few loaded wagons pass over it, deep ruts are formed in this clay, which soon become filled wiih water from lhe frequent showers, which has no chance to cscupe, (unless it be on un inclined plane) but by evaporation ; for I contend when the clay once becomes com pletely saturated with water, it will then ab sorb less, than a wooden vessel ; whereas if the soil which is course and porous, was loft on the surface, the water would soon be con sumed by absorption. Another great inconve*- nience is felt by the present plan of operation ; the roods are only thirty feel wide from the two extremities of tho ditches, then allow some five or six (eet for each ditch, and the ovul shape of the road contiguous to them, that the wagoner cannot travel on; he is then left no alternative, but to plum the centre, for if he digresses much, ho is in the ditch on one side or tho other. It is so much the case, that cottou wagous cannot pass each other in many places. I would nol, however, be understood to condemn the system entirely, but recom mend it whorever the inclination is aulficient to pass off the water; und if the ditchea are deep, the road ought to bo more than thirty feet wide from tho extremities of tho ditches ; the whole system would do very well, if we were to curry it a little further and gravel it, as is done at the North, from whence we get tbo idea of ditching and ruunding; but ono will not do without the other. It may be asked upon what plan I would have thorn worked? The reply ia at hand. I would have ihom straightened, the atumpa dug out, the rough places made amooth, and leave it full thirty feet wide, with the native soil for a surface, (except upon inclined planes, which should be done as abuve suggested); then if one track becomes too much used, and tho ruts too deep, you may change it {bt auother,