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tY- Legislature to provide for the education of' a geneinl il.flusiun of the benefits arising from t i'-irentire population. And for tlie purpose llm system, to every sitiioii of the .Slate.— «.f elf-eting this object, the entire property of ind to prevent the cunfi.i'Hng claims of d.f- the State no matter in whose possession it , ferent communities, from embarrassing ihe via found has been made subject to taxa- | operations of the Superintendents, and llirow- ! ; nn, for the erltication of all—thus regarding mg more than n j'tat sh tro of responsibility on the I w ould deem it must advisable for the i are all mat ih^ poor man asks fr to define nn.l point out the priori the r-Mdron of the whole community as being under the care of the government. Whatever l.ogislnt n Ivnntages may have been derived bv such pnlrond* i-'islntion, and the establishment of such prim of tune. riples in other States, I feel assured that such ture, whether, under all ihe circumstances, I pnneinlos and such legislation are hv no means might not lm expedient, to provide for them Bower of the rm Equal protection suited to Ihe foldings and habits of our people. fi is believed that no legislation upon ihe subp'ct of general education t ie f heme, can be successful, whirl, does nm receive the approbation of the people and ex- eile inquiry, interest and zeal among the great body of the community. I.ct the people onei ii tlieir earnest attention to this subject, and ! l!ad Roads, (' m ils and Turnpikes. they will very soon become convinced o f if g*^n ; irnpnrianee and necessity of their indi- vi I ml exertions to secure the benefits of edu r.i'lnn to the rising generation. Upon due n- fl ein.n and full examination, the people wdl I eennio convinced, that the proppr education of the rising gent ration, is direcilv n„d inti - inaiciy conneeted wi'h Ihe interest, hapidnes- ir-.d prosperity of llieir country and the perpetui iv r,f our present civil institutions, and good f.rin of government. The neglect of educa ting mir children will inevitably tend to the de- i line and fall of our Republic—Our govern ment is based upon public opinion ; and rb.it opinion to bo salutary must be enlightened. — I.ct that knowledge, which necnninun>eV a good common school cduralion, be diffused Iho profits and influence, w hich are secured J those who feel themselves .aggrieved—and liiis j can act efficiently, in sustaining her just rioht Banking and other similar corporate com-1 brings ns at once, to the questions which, ul against n mighty po'ver,unless her own pnpu| a panics ; and therefore have a just right to | this limn, agitate the public mind. | lion are united in the policy to bo pursued { complain of that governmem, w bieli increases j 'I lie people of this Mate have already thro’ ; cannot consider it advisable, for a single State the power of:! e re h r,t the expense of 'he their primary assemblies as w„|l ns by tbnir | upnu bur seperalu iicllon, to undertake to fore ’ and equal buiiefns Representatives in Congress, and the Slate! u redress of grievnnnees from the Federal guv. Legislature, repeatedly remonstrated and pro- " ‘ ' 1 "■ eminent; and nothing less will, nr ought to tested again-t Iho protective Tariff System, hich shall have the preference in order j satisfy n r-jt, z**ri of this free couni ry. Rut on nnd declared their inicrininahle hostility to it. I respectfully submit to the Legishi- the other band, the rich are seldom satisfied While the feelings of nor people have been with equal protection and equal benefits. . strong and urgent on 'his subject, they have same confederacy, or copartnership, a right to Their inordinate cravings for governmental I nevertheless exercised a spirit of moderation participate in all cniineils, where the subject favor and prole, ion, have already produced and forbearance, under tlio prospect of relief the most alarming results: such as threaten Lbeing afforded, before endurance would be. the destruction of ihe Federal Union itselfT come intolerable. We have looked to tho fi- The laws of this State, upon most subjects ^nal extinguishment of the public debt, ns the of general interest, have bocomo so multiplied period when wo should be relieved from t/ie ind complicated. and m smno instances eon- ; burthens of unequal taxation. Anri our hopes tradietnry in their provisions, as to render a i have been strengthened arid encouraged from faithful, just and uniform administration of the patriotic anil independent course, which them, exceedingly difficult, if nut impractien- lias been pursued by the present Executive of hie. I would there 1 ,'ore submit to the Legis- the United Slates, in arresting by bis veto, tin- Isture the expediency of providing bv law, fur constitutional measures of expenditure. This n general revisi ui of th" si itntes of this Slate ; cheek upon ihe extravagant measuros of Con- 'unbra<'|,,g, u coiiqiacl form, ihu several sta- j gross, has been well ralculalud to strengthen I policy and internal the hope, (hat the Federal Government might crease of laborers. The settlement of the Norlbwesiern section of lb« Slate, will loudly however yvi“e call for road improvement in that quarter. We may anticipate the day, when Georgia will enter the list of competitors for Ihe most splen did and magnificent works of internal improve, incut: when with pride, we may point to her But be ll. fore the iiceomphshuicnt of these grand |?r|s, to which nature *oeuis to have invite,, 1 ttie hand of an and industry, our territory m ist be -• i led and llie n , oral re sou re es ,,l I ped. which alone • an g vc the true index to direct these great works. For tines .elating to its the present, let nur expenditures be chiefly administration: the whole" to ho consolidated j finally be brought hack to the principles of the confined to our great market roads, Rnd let | a „j arranged ir, appropriate rhapters, titles and ; Constitution. Hitherto we have confided ry portion of the Stale participate ip those articles : simplifying ihe language thereof, and much in the Republican doctrine, that freedom benefi's. I.ct ,,cr roads hr directed (f , our jail omissions and towns, at the lo ad of navigation ; jn .| „ here | |.,e Compilers—1 he whole ,i i« pr iclieablc, let nor rliv r , t;o improved, lie su'.iiiu’ied lo the f.cgnl out only from ti ence to It.,. Qce ,n, but as fir adoption, or rejection. Ii i mm the inter or a- can bn effected bv reasonable er .Stales have succeeded in expenditures, in the removal of inconsiderable ihe one now proposed—andyvhy may not we ribsiructions. * .,n-id, r it an object of great, succeed I We have competent individuals, uiporotm e th"„i t(,e fills of the Chattahoochee j w ho could discharge with ability, the arduou Jelod of which sliould ilure for revision, i believed that olh- ■uinflar efforts to throughout our country, and the iron sway of, from H psi Point to Columbus, should, if prac- j and responsible dudes contemplated—men iff 'f art ; so experience, general science and devoted lego* orders nfj standing. While I entertain Ihe highest re enjoy Hie immense ben-j sped and rm.fidenee in the general assembly I efiis w hich would flow In them ihrougl, that of this Stale. I consider its structure and for- channel of commerce. I» eonfoimuy wnli man oi such, as to exclude the hope of effort- j llie provisions of a resoloimn *>i on* last |,e-' mg the ver de-irahlo object herein rontein- cred legacy which our fathers bequeathed to : gLIa'ure, nntborizuig the appointment of u plated, by ihu ordinary process of Legislation ignorance can never be wielded by deuia- ticul'/ie, he surmounted bv the hand cogues to the destruction of liberty. AA iihout 1 *’,m our rising population, on this diffusion of knowledge, like other Repub. [.’nut noble river, lies, our career ol liberty itviv terminate ii ,i. ceoiiousness, anorchy nnd despotism,. i ln re. fore if wc would transmit to p r .sieritv, the in, we rnus' not disregard those iitean- upon the use of which, lie permanency of those ompetcnl Engineer lo examine and report t» the present Legislature upon the praetienhilily A revised code of our present statutes, einbru- trig llieir pre-eni substance, in a concise, per- Idessings so esseniially depends. We must arid probable expense, of rendering the Chat- spieuous, and simplified form, can only be ob- Lring into requisiliori all our means, for the diffusion of education, and thereby give laliooehee river navigable from West Point in lained from the labour of patient research and ini. Troup county, to the town of Columbus, an uninterrupted reflection, based upon talents pulse lo public feeling. If possible we sliould arrangement had been made, hv the select.on and qualifications of the fir«l order, penetrate the bosoms ol our whole population ! of no individual highly recommended for bis The terri ory embraced in Cherokee conn- on this subject, by exhibiting lo them the prae- qualifications, bv which it was expected, that Iv, should be divided inin counties of suiinblo ! during the lute, long Session, did but sirengili- ticability and importance of each member of the present Legislature Would be furnished size nnd form, to promote the convenience of i en my misgivings, in longer looking to ihu bo. society contributing sorno humble short to j w ith the desired information. The Correa that portion of population, who may inhabit | dv, to save the country from the threatening applied bv ofdisriisssion would eventually give to truth the victory over error ; without considering ns wc ought, that exceptions must he made where ihe majority believe it to tie their inter est to decide erroneously. But whatever may have been our anticipations, thus far ll must be admitted, that our reasonable expecta tions have been greatly disappointed, and that ilie burthens of which we complain, have been tint partially alleviated. Nevertheless with these discouraging facts before me, I slill fee! extreme reluctance at the idea of yielding up all hope of a peaceable and satisfactoy adjust ment of these perpl'xnd and embarrassing questions, through tile operations of the con stitutional authorities of the entinirv. The proceedings or liie hue Session of Congress were noted with intense interest and solicitude, and with a spirit and desire to find something in the proceedings of that body, tending to harmony, founded upon acts „f justice, aud a more sacred regard to the principles of our Fed, ral System. But each succeeding mail Government, while her sister States, equally interested, are not even consulted, as to the policy to he pursued. Principles of common •onrtesy must concede to the members of the ■ubjcct under consideration, and the policy to he ad opted, nre equally interesting to each member. Whenever a rase however shall arise, where in a single State shall he oppressed by H, e usurpations of Federal power, and that pres, sure shall be confined to her local interest alone, and consequently produce no indentily of feeling and interest in the other States men I would consider it the incumbent duty of Iho aggrieved State, lo judge and act for herself, independently of the advice and opin- ions of others. It is due to the sovereign of the Union. to mails. the great object of raising tulents, merit, anil genius from obscurity, to the highest walks of life, and in bringing the ligbls of edoration to every dwelling within the limits of *>ur beloved Slate. Let it be remembered that every school that is established—every child who may be edurnted—every /”g school hotwr that is built —afford I a new pledge in favor of he great cause of education, liberty and free govern ment ; nnd at the same time let en h iielivolil- al in the community, bear m mind, Hi u duiv to his country assigns him a pail in tins gicui work. . The Reports of the Superintendents of die public h inds, lierowilh submitted, will exhibit the operations, progress nnd success id Hint hracli of the pobli • service, during the pis! political year. Although further experience lias continued to dcvclope additional imperfec. lions in the laws providing for the imprnv.unenl of our great market ro ds., nod new obstacles to all that success whirii wo desire, are urea, sionally prescnli';! to those win snpenn'end the work, yet my confidence too »y-iein is a good one, and that it ought to '”> cmlni tied and improved, is, bv every tin's e.xne. j lienee, mere fully confirmed. Georgii has not been warning in efforts to fa ilint'e the transportation of the immense products iff her fruitful soil and industrious population. Large sums of public tuonoy have been expended, from time lo time, with a view lo the improve ment of our navigable waters; but f.r the want of skill nod experience to direct its ap plication, it must be nduiiiled. that the people invo not derived those benefi's, which they hud n right to expert, from the amount thus expended. It is believed, however, tbit no want of success, which may hnvn hitherto at- tended our attempts at internal improvement, sliould for a moment, abate nur zeal, or retard nur efforts, in a determined and vigorous pro secution of such public works, us the best in- torests of tlm people deniund. I would no: only recommend a continuance of our presoni system of roiiil improvement, bill llmt it sliuuhl bo strengthened and improved. Excellent roads have already been made in muiiy part? of the Stale, by the lahut devoted lo that oh- jert, but every purl .of the State bus not beet, made to feel the benefit of the system ; mid those parts which have derived no benefit, will from the nature of things, become rest less and ilissutisfied, unless they are made to participate in the benefits us well ns the bur thens of the system. Ono of the most formi dable objections to the present system, is lhai the roads after being made good nro not kept in repair; and from the iiun.r-* of our soil, nnd the present plan of constructing our roads, unless repairs at the proper time, and in llie right mode, be alrictly attended to, they must necessarily soon fall mb) a state of dilnpidn- tion and ruin. It is the incumbent duty of the Legislature lo provide a remedy fur this evil, which, if neglected, will most assuredly de, •troy Ihe whole syalem. Only provid • for keeping the roads tn complete order, w lm It ■re once made good by the Stale hands, and in less than twenty yrais, tieurgltt will have the best roads of any Stnte in the U ion. I' is auhmitled to the Legislature, whether t should not bo made the duly of the county au thorities, in which ronds are constructed by the State hands, to receive such roads from tho Superintendiui. and thereafter be comped- ed keep them in as goed order ns when re ceived. Upon nil the roads constructed by the Slate hands, sucti provision should tie made by Uw, as would ensure the keeping in good ••pair, of nil necessary bridges and causeways sa well as the roads. Some nr- langemant should he made which will ensure pnndeneo herewith sutimillud, wi cause of lbe ilinp.iniiuin nl The shew tbe i that section of the State ; nnd die organization I evils of partial, oppressive and uneonstitulion j of .ueh counties sliould lie provided for with- al legislation. Yet justice requires the adoii"- ilaiiii.' medium, or currency of non out mine. ‘.-sary del :y. sion. that in (lie passage of the Tariff act of country, having lung since been changed from The situation of ihe public properly em'ira- I tlm laic Session, a majority of both branch specio coins, having an intrinsic value, to llml erl in the fractional Surveys, requires imrnedi- I of Congress, did manifest sonaodiing of a spir- of paper, purporting lo be the representative of the precious metals, it becomes tbe incum bent duly of the government, in ntilhniizing the issue of sill'll paper, lo guard well the iri • •■rest of its citizens, against the fraud- and devices, winch experience lias deiiionstriited. are tno often pro- Heed by rerporalion-, pus. anssing banking privileges, wnti power in throw into circulation an unsound nnd decep tive paper currency. Tbe currency of om Slnte consists almost exclusivelv of the note- of nur own |ni'uI Bunks; .ind therefore our people have n right to expect, that the solven cy of these ui-titiitions should bo placed upon a busts, which should nut subject the cnminii city, lo the ruinous consequences, which must inexilahly grow out of Bunk I plures. The laic failure of tlm Hank of Macon should bo a sufficient warning, of the mstnhil • tyofall Kuril institutions. The Legislature „! llieir last sWii.iion, expressed iheir confid»nc III the good "d management of ihu institution, since wiiieli iii'iH'i lis defalenl-oir bus proved to lie dccplv injurious toe '"ter est ami credit of Iho ‘sla'e. as well ns tn the interest of many ol our liuiiest an i iiiisu-pcrt iog citizens. The public interest denied-, thnt nil intawdialo and thorough invesiigai of die nffairs of dial institution, -huuld tie in stituted bv the l.egi-laliire, nnd lo further I ha I object, I herewith subrn:t all the information I have received on the subject. The priv:! -gi s heretofore granted 11) Bank ing companies, are not l<> b" tmlalcd. But I would tinln-ituiingly recommend to tlm l.e- gislature, llm ndop ion of such measure-, ns may be best calculated lo ensure lo Hie people a sound eiirriun v, nnd prevent our Banking in stitutions from speculating on a confiding eiun- rnnnity, bv extending tlieir issues, and oilier trails leiuuis, beyond Iho letter mid spirit ot llieir respective dinners. That love of gam. which is so inherent in human imuirc, is n ■ oiiHtmil temptation to eXi es-tvo issues ol Bank paper; and the commercial, and other contingencies, In which all rninmiinitius are liable, subject Banks, thus situated, lo failures, whenover a general demand for specie mnv be made' upon them, for tlm redemption of llieir lulls. I’l.e issue of Bank Holes under five dollars, sliould bn discontinued, nnd gold nnd silver coin made to supply llm place of such notes This would at nil tunes keeps considerable supply of specie in ihe country ; mid thereby enable llm Banks to meet sudden pressures, nnd wo Id moreover have n strong tendenrv lo equalize tbe value of Bunk notes and coin. I w ill nnl conceal from llm Legislature, Hint it was wuli feelings of reliictuncu, llml my as-1 sent was given to Hie nets granting Banking privileges nt the la-l session These feelings! nie Legislation ; which will plaeo that portion | it of conciliation of public interest, beyond the probability of trespass nr intrusion — I would therefore re- crim ic nd that said fractions be disposed of, wnli Hu* li- isi p' S-iblo delay, and bo made available for public pin poses. Tim various Arts and Resolutions of tbe last Legislature requiring Executive action, have been carried into effect, or are in a course of execution, wtlh tbe exceptions herein before ■minted out. An abstract of IVarrmts drawn on tbe trea surer. during the I’oliucnl year 1832; a list of Executivu appointments made during 'hu re- '-ess of the Legislature, and tlm Reports made Hi this Department by the different Bunks, nc- eompnnv lips Message. Various Resolution- passed bv the Legislatures of several of the ■'tales, upon subjects of general concern, arc its.i herewith transmitted. A bnniihlal Map, Atlas, and well executed 'tatistical view of the State of Maine, has, by lie direction of the Legislature of that Stnte. been presented to Geoigia, in a manner wor- ■ hv of that patriotic Slate. And as the nr- o f Georgia, while acknowledging such fa vor- t • an avoid feelings of mortification, that wo nfe c: l| t ,,er prepared to reciprocate aiicti kmd uiieniion*. I migh* Iiptp pIoho this pomtnnni^^hon, nn- iho convu’tion ofimvin^ suhinihVcI l«*r rard.4 each other. This majority too inani*o*!«’d a rpirit of'-o-operatioti with the ExpctiiiVt* f>r.-inrh of the Frilonil GoA'etnmPiM, itt stHtaioii^ tliis net, wliirh (al« though, by no means, n snlisfaetory nieasnro of compromise) has been cahulated to allay present expih uitmt, and to cheek the impetu osity of the rash and violent. This act w.ih passed l>v the votes of members Avho did not approve it.A provisions, hut sustained it ns a ehoire of evils. They v»)it*d for its passage in preference to disunion, »*i »ho TmifT A«;i or 1823. While I rnti*idor the pr*nriples of the late art. equally, if more obnoxious, than that of 1828, yet I am bound to admit, that it relieves the whole people of the United States, of a portion of the burthens of taxation ; and therefore it may be considered as an effort, at least on the part o 1 * a portion of the friends of the protective System, to modify tho law, so as to make it less obnoxious to our feelings. But unless this stop of roneiliation is followed hv further concessions, they do bu! deceive themselves, tf they suppose the South will ev er become reconciled. Upon a full view of the whole subject, I would most decidedly re commend. that our forbearance and modera tion be made manifest to tbe whole Union, be fore wc enter upon any doubtful or violent remedy, culeulafed to jeopatdize tho exis tence of the Federal Union i'solb Our com- consideration of tho Legislature, the must tin- ,faints are just, and our cause righteous—en- nortanl subjects, which will require their atton- , diirum\ M nut yet intolerable; and a new Con- linn aoriiig the pre-ent session. res-, iinfler fito last een-us, will nssembl under eireuinslauees and at a time more nuspi- Clous, for riilui toil iiiltrinlic d' liberalion. I nm not a-Hanger to the s fi'lcms- ol oian character of every Slate of tbe Union, to main.' lain its territorial rights and polity over its own population. These arc rights which can ne- ver be surrendered by a free Slate, or submit ted to tho arbitration of others. But upon the subject of the Turiff, shall Georgia undertake to redress ihe wrongs of the whole South 1 Shall we not hearken to Ihe voice and move ments of our sister Statps, who agreo with us in principle nnd feeling 1 Or shall wo preej. pitately rush forward upon a novel and untried theory, which may disgust our sistor Stales end in abortion, and prove to be worse than submission itself! Tho States which agree in principle, must be brought to act in concert before they can reasonably hope to produce iho consummation desired by the opponents if ihe protective system, as well ns every true palriol and friend of the Federal Union. Sep. irato action, open this subject, is raleiilated to engender strife und disunion, anarchy and confusion,among hrclhern nflhe same principle. Yho mystical doctrine of nullification, as contended for by its ndvoeales, lias only ten ded tu bewilder the minds of tho people, in flame tlieir passions, nod prepare them for anarchy and revolution. Wherever it spreads, it engenders the most bitter stiffen and animo,. ities, and dissolves tho most endearing rela tions nflilu. I believe nullification, to be un sound, dangerous and delusive, in nraetiea as well as theory. Its advocates have, with great ability, endeavoured t make their theo ry harmonize with the principles and opera- nous of our Federal and State Systems of government. But in tny opinion tho very es sence of tlieir doctrine lends directly to des- troy nil harmony between the Federal and State governments, and must inevitably produce the most direct and vexatious conflicts, wherever it may be attempted, by a State, to enforco the theory of nullification. I am unable to comprehend, nr conceive of the peaceable cnnsutulioiml harmony, which would attend a incisure emanating from ono twenty-fourth | part of the Sovereign power of the Union ; wliicli measure should slop the revenue opera tions of (he Federal Government. Great in genuity lias been exercised, to blend this new theory with the admirable principles and doc trines of S'ate rights, ns set forth nnd euccess- (ully advocated by Thomas Jefferson. But after tbe most diligent research, I have not been able to find, where Mr. Jefferson ever attempted to delude the people into the belief, that when reason failed, and endurance bn- enme intolerable, a single Slnte could by its act of nullification, force the Federal Govern ment to reiract from its measures of usurpa tion. |Mr. Jefferson would have called such n measure, on the part of n Siato, by its plain, proper name—resistance to intolerable usur pation. Georgia should not suffer hericlf !o bn de luded or Haltered into the be'ief, that her rights have lierloforo been mniuiained upon the prin ciples nnd doctrines of niillifiralion, as conten ded for by its present ndvoeales. It is true, we may look back wnli prulo nnd pain, on our past conflicts with Federal usurpation. Up on sever.il occasions, we have been enmpcl- h d to throw ourselves upon our reserved rights, sist Federal eii.-roachnipnis But at like the present, ivliou our country is ugi- lilted from ns centre to it. circumference, upon subjects of vital nnu 'ranee t • Hie i aiisvollilicr- tv util! die pci pel uni oui ..four civil instil ill ions I deem il lo bea duty alini'heil to the trust which I occupy, to give n free und frank avowal of my cntimi'nis,upon the exeiting subjects before us bio of wise self government, they must ere O.*ori;ia ham nlw>ty-< r.'liixd on her own pnDula- and communities, but 1 have not yet lost all, | mve , jc , Lr veiled ourselves in the flimsy gar- oniifidnnoe in the v.rtue and intelligence of the Inon t 0 f peaceable, constitutional nullification. \merienn people. If our opponents be enpa-^ |„ these delicate and highly responsible acts, tion, the justice of her cause, and long, be brought to see Hie justice of our cause:! (^ relating to the usurpations | based ns it is, on prine'ples, no less essential j an( ] intelligence of the people of the United States, to sustain her unquestionable, eonsti- —regarding iilune the interests of mv country Upon all siibj Federal Government,and especially upon j to them, than lo ns : at least, may we not hope, that of the protective Tariff System, great min-1 that tho common classes ol the laboring peo- nimby of opinion prevails, ihmughnut thi-, I pie, every where, will yet ho brought to unite and the Southern Stales generally. They no- j will) us agniust the whole system, as being (le ver will he reconciled lo tbe present Turiff, or J signed to benefit nn aristoeratie few, and to the principles upon which it is bused. They! oppress the poor for the exclusive benefit of believe il be contrary to the principles nnd tbe wealthy? But should these, my best anti pint of the Federal Constitution ; nnd tho cipnlions, ho tounded in error, and original! auxiliary nien-ures by which tins odious Sys tent of taxation is kepi up and supported, nre no less objectionuhle ilinn the Tariff il-elf.— Tbe partial ami extravagant appropriations of everv sueeeeding Congress, since the mtro- dueiiun of ibis desolating and strife-stirring in weakness—I beseech mv countrymen, who nro in favor ol direct and immediate resistance, to remember, that they are required by every principle of sound philosophy, virtue anil patri otism, lo exercise piilience and long forbear ance towards llieir brethren of the same faith System, clearly evince, an abandonment of. nnd principles with themselves, in regard lo those principles of economy and Republican | the usurpations ol the Federal Government.— simplicity, upon which our Federal System is It is truly gratifying to know,that the Southern bused. To preserve nod perpetuato the bins- people nro -o well agreed, ns to the existence of the evils comiilamed of. This being tho ease, nothing hut union anil concert nre want sings of political insliiiiiions, it is indispensa- were yielded nlone, in ronsideriitiun of Hie I hie, that tbe Federal and Stale Governments situaiion ot our r sing western towns mid in-1 should be kept within Ihe limits of iheir ron- eri-a-iog population If Batiks uff..nl any I siitiiliunal spheres of action. Intolerable as- idviiu! iges to eomnmniies, it was believed lo' sumptions and usurpations, which will not yield ' formidable in any event. To obtain Ibis desi- c annu { stand.” lie lair and right, tliul those advantage* should ' to the ordinary influence of reason and jiistire j red union of action time and labor are re-i tutinnal rights. And hitherto our confidence Ims not been misplaced: wo have had able friends and ndvoeales in every part of iho Un ion, who have stood by us in limes of the greatest peril. We are at present, very im properly charged with nullifying the inter course laws and Indian Treaties nflhe United States : when til fact, these laws und treaties were set aside und had become measurably obsolete, hy Ihe nets nnd nssomplions of the Cherokee Indians themselves. Georgia, hy her course of policy, lois only nullified the arrogant assumptions of sovereign power, claimed und set up, by n remnant of the abor iginal race, within her acknowledged, charter ed limits. Finally, fellow-citizens, lot us strive to he of one mind. I.ct our measures he founded in Wisdom, Justice nnd Moderation—con ing to give an irresi«:alile, tnonl force, to our' gtanlly hearing in mind Ihe sacred iruih, that opinions and feelings, und to mako ourselves „ Xaiion, nr Slate ‘‘divided against itself, be extended to the people in every -eeiinn ol the State, and not permit the monied influence f iho country lo bo concentrated for the ex elusive advantage, or depression of any par ticular section. Alt Legislation, which gives exclusive privileges to capitalists, is calcula ted tn increase the power of tho rich; while. llie linmble m- mhers of society, who nre in eessantly labouring nt tlieir daily avoeutioos, lor the sustenance of themselves and families, have neither time nor money, to purtiripato in must he checked by some means: nnd the j qnired. power to accomplish Ih * end. must i.nques— I Jo not consider the mode nnd manner ol iionablv resid" in the respective sovereignties, j producing theso joint delii'iuaiinns inn'crtnl, It is inconsistent with every principle of liberty nor do I care by wliat name such uuncils may and free government, lor the political, rescrv- be called. WILSON LUMPKIN. • d rights of a Slate, to ho confided to, or dc- itendenl on the decision of any power under Heaven, except ii ho the will of Imr own pen ile. When burthens become insufferable, the nine, the inode, and tho measure of redress are questions which must be determined by It is only necessary, that theso measures should emanate directly, from the enlightened nnd deliberate will of the people; founded up on thetr inherent and unalienable rights ; ud milled to be extraordinary, and iote-ided tn meet a roost extraordinary crisis. No State Departed this life on Ihe 12th October,1832 ; nt Ins residence on St. Andrew* Bay, in the 67th year ofliis nge, Gen. JOHN CLARK, formerly of Georgia. On the 30th of Septem ber, wlule engaged in the duties of the live-oak agency, lie wu< attacked with billious fever on Si. Vincent Island, and was carried thence in a small sloop to his residence on St. Andrews Bay, where lie lingered until the evening of Hie 12th October, when he breathed bis lost