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nv»n i* arraigned for executing tho laws of his’ lot it auffice for me to remind you of the clo- roun'ry, in opposition to I he edict of Nullifies- sing advire of our venerable Washington, lion, be is not only to be deprived of ell the “ Interwoven as is the love of liberty uutli „. u „| rights of persons accused, in the sclec- every ligament of your Hearts, no re.cornmrn- lion of Ihe jury, but is to be put on a mock dation of mine i* necessary to fortify or con- Inal before a Court and jury who are •worn firm the attachment.” beforehand to convict hint!' If tho Legists- “The unify ol goviirnment which eonstilul I to the people of South luroiina a course TllA e<\Tatli.oi a IS Rlllinei** conduct, in diroet violation of their duty 09 me gowmci II » L, MM ..film United Sitw, con.hiry to the SATGKDAV alioE303£» 22,1C32. i laws of their country, subversive of its const,. gATUaOAY, > : tuiion, anil having lor us object the dextrin:- it! To Cfrreqiotf.Utili---Th c lettcrfrom orn-^jMiiident has H*'cn unavoidably : Hiayiilenl’a Pns’lainnion ; ■■ is also the olat --Q«K> tore make it penal to require or execute a re- you one people, is also now dear In ><ni. venue bond, and the Collector of Charles'on, i- justlv so. for it is a main pillar in tin* eel 1 .r performing hia sworn duty to the United tire of your real independence; the support, ^ , Vo , im , _ TI|( , „ f frenrescnlatire S'vte*. be arraigned for trial before a S'alc of vonr tranquillity at home,vour peuro abroad; |l4vf „„ or ' t H ir ,,. tins the sale of all the puldi tnh-mal he will not have the privilege, exicn- of vour safety ; of your prosperity; of that very bands, »»,l the promcl. to ha distributed .led to the thief and the murderer, of contest- liberty which von so higl.lv prize. Hut as itj eot.. .be validitv of the law under which lie is in- is easy In foresee, thnt from different cituaea ( £ dieted; forjudge and jury are to be sworn and from different quarters, much p.iins will beforehand to deride that qoesiirn against he taken, many artifices emploved. to weaken him ! A* well might the Convention ordain, j in your minds llie conviction of this truth, ns and the Legislature enact, that nny Union this is the point in your political fortress mm who obeys the law« of his romurv shall against which llm bniieries of internal end be hung without Judge or jury. Tins Ordi- , external enemies will he most constantly and nance, and the act* to sustain it. will, m «ffoci,, actively, (thought often covertly and insidious, convert all the State Court*. Judges, Jones,; ly) ilirneted ; it is of r„ii»s;il Moment that y— Mills,Iga.ille lion of the Union—that Union, which, coeval ivdnl out by w hh our political existence, led our fathers, ' without nuv other lies to unite them than tltoae 1 1 uotiv.i of Airs'. Jtouxliton—they will o|.jioar next week. | 0 p patriotism mid a common cause, through a If fin* refilled to concur with tin i Fraction*. „ Itcuolufion* calling a FcH-’ml Convention have paieon j (lift House hy a large majority, and the Senate wioni- 111011*1 Hoc from u hn li.t‘ Sheriff), and all, into bands of executioners.— j should prep,-rlY e.timiilo ibe iintnen*, Tie re will be. in fact, no trials. The accused j your National Union—to your coll v.,11 be handed forward from the Judge to the individual happiness ; that you of •1 Mil burn convicted and ml dMfjlirtIlocation for 20 years; and the | zi.s whu ll h«t caused folic fraudulently drawn, have i'it, wo arc informed,replaced in the Lottery wheel. The Senate lias refused to j-ass the bill to crJl a Con- i lion for Ruliiclion ! I and oilier articles pre- TV r, t nation.—IMito sanguinary struggle to n glorious independence — that sacred Union, hitherto inviolate, illicit ,-,na tiin! perfected bv our happy Constitution, has heir representative popa- i iirougllt us, t>y the favnr of (Icuten, to a stale Senate, in n f prosperity ut hums, and high consideration abroad, rarely, if ever, equalled in Ibe history of nations : To preserve this bond of our po- ! Iitical existence from destruction, to maintain ntenced to removal j inviolate this slate of national honor and prosperity, and to justify the confidence my fellow citizens have reposed in mo, I, An drew Jackson, President of the United States, have thought proper to issue this my PROC LAMATION, staling my views of the Con stitution and laws applicable to tho measure J irv, and from the Jurv to the Sheriff - , with- .►■i examination nr inquiry into the authorin' l i which they art, the whole system being tu-iicd d»» n by this oalh, into one single ioil- led and inexorable drsjyotism. Ilnwr will two-fifths of the freemen nf South Carolina henr this proscription from all office, th's disfr.mrhiscmen! of their dearest rights. Ibis exposure to arbitrary punishment w ith but a morkery of trial ? , Can they submit to it ? Will they sec themselves exposed to fines, im prisonment, confiscation, aad perhaps death itself, without even n chance for an impartial trml, and not heard the tyrannical usurpers in ibe citadel of their power? It is impossible. Such tyranny belongs, at this dnv, to the land of the bowstring nnd that of tho knout. It might be borne hy the Turk who is thrust in to a hag nnd thrown mlo the Bosphorus, lie knows not whv ; and the conquered Pole, in bis despair, might submit to be llius punished for fidelity In his country. But when V ex pects to find ■countenance nr submission among the high -ottled chivalry of South Carolina, it will find Itself in on/uncongenial clime, and seizing nt the wrong victims. If this system of proscription mid terror shull nssun.e the form of law. and its authors at tempt its execution, it is not in the nature of American freemen 'o submit In it. Violence end anarchy will pervade the State, nnd Nulli fication will find itself surrounded with all the horrors of civil war without the interposition of the (lenernl Onvernmen'. And this fearful oath can yyerrr ft' abolished by the Legislature ! It is imposed f»v n power almvo that body. Kvery member, when hu lakes bis seal, swears to obey arid execute tl Ordinance and the laws pushed to i A vote by tho Legislature to tl or repeal tho laws, wthild he in their oath of office. The svste old clier-' P»'ed f" r ,,ur paper of to-day, wc Imvo been compelled j adopted by the Convention of South Carolina, isli a cordial, habitual and immoveable nttarli- ! 1.. i« y over. nient to il, accustoming yourselves to think ,!U,t 1”' and speak of it ns (lie palladium of your polit-I **' v ' 1 * icnl safety and prosperity: watelting for its 'l |C " ,0, l pro "I' 11 — U | .... 1 - • ! [>.irroIJ—if clnqiouiee the most spini-stirring, ami ako room fur the all impor-1 nn ,| |o the reasons they have put forth to bus he President of the United Slates, j | n j n them, declaring tho course which duly sinus the must tender and preservafon with jealous nnxiely n-mcing whatever may suggest even a sitspi- j cion that it ran in any event be abandoned, and j indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of evetv attempt 'o alienate nuv portion ofour country from the rest, or to enfeeble the Fa red lies which now link together the various parts.” WILSON LUMPKIN. Friday, Dec 7. Hill Reported. To authorize the Gov -rnnr and Secretary of Slnle to correct errors that may have tnikvn plaee or may hereafter take place in issuing any grant or grants in any of iliu land loller- ics ulthis Stale. Hill Passed. To sell nnd dispose of dm fractional part of Surveys in tho Cherokee Territory. Saturday, Dec. 8. Mr. Green notified the Senate.that after to day ho would mnve the npppnintmem nf a committee to prepare am] report a hill explum ntory of an act to authorize thu inferior courts of the several counties in this Slate to grunt settlement roads to private individuals. •Monday, Dec. 10. The Bill more effectually to sccuro tho sol vency nf all the hanking institutions in this State, was read the 3d time and passed. soil with intense interest. If reasoning j w j|| require inn to pursue, mid, appealing to the understanding and patriotism of the people, warn them of the consequences thut must in- evitr.bly result from an observance ol tho dic tates of the Convention. Strict duly would require of me nothing more than the exercise of those powers with winnings the must friendly nnd atfeciinnnle—all cnin- luned, ran no longer appeal successfully lo the patriot ism of the infoimitsd people nf Sunlli Carolina—then indeed, will the Picsidenl have lahntireil in vain, and ■ the awful eons/queac "" l " ,m " FV01 ‘’" n " a ""- ^„ )eUnitcd j for preserving Ibe peace of the Union, and for , I 1 a . i IIIWIC X ll'all I It v iN'-n.iuv wr IIM'-’V ...... viw ..... in su mac i epreca e», nun j u||| n0W) or , n(l y hereafter be, invested r ilevotf*i! heads. 1 — - HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Thursday, JVop. 29. The premnlile nnd Resolutions offered by Mr. Ryan, n few days since, upon the Son'll- nth, rrn Convention, and made the order of Ibe datum ot 1 jiiy for jo-dav, was tnken up, ntul with mnnnd- m. therefore, I ment, by way of an additional resolution nit is intended to be perpetual! 'I wo. filths ol J burring Nullification, adopted by u vole of 97 the white population of South Carolina nru to j fiN. be excluded from all offices, nr forced to per-1 The House concurred in tin* Resolution jure themselves, deprived of ibe riglu ol trial j fiom the Senate,permitting the Commissioner/ film Gold nnd Land Lotteries, to suspend the drawing until the examination into the alleged bv an impartial Court and jure, or driven into exile ! These are some of thu domestic beauties nf frauds ofthe Commissioners is completed. Nullification ! These blessings ami this relief j it is lo bring upon Snulli Carolina herself!] Will Georgia, or Aluhumu. or North Carolina, or Virginia hasten to participate in rs advanta ges? Whv, Mr. Clay’s and Mr. Cnllioun’s original American System, with all its mono pnlies, injustice and oppression, is mi Angel of light even lo the South, compared with this demon of Discord, whieli has so lung been advocated as a “peaceful remedy." (5corata ZtratolatHtt - . IN SENATE. .Monday, Dec. 3. A message was announced from the llousn of Representatives, and tho committee on the part of the House In prefer articles of impeach tncnl, and lo manage the same on tho part of the Stale before the high Court of Imneneh- inent in the ease of Shadrach Uogan—appear ed and preferred articles of impeachment against said Bogan,— Whereupon the Senate formed themselves into a high court of impeachment, for the trml nf Slindrach Bogan—Proclamation of which was declared by the Messenger. Tuesday, Deyr. 4. Notices for the appointment of Committees to prepare and rcpoit bills. Mr. Beal!—To revtvo (he Stntittcs of forei- bln entry nnd delniner, and declare them in force iu this Stale. Communications wero received from his Excellency the Governor, informing tin: Sen ate, that he had aasented to, nnd signed the act to add a part of the counties nf Haher- eham and Hall to the county of Chcrnkec,am! to djvide the county nf Cherokee into ten counties and to provide for the organization ol the same—and thnt he had approved the Re port and Resolutions upon the subject nf the relation* of the General Government with the Cherokee*. H’eduesday, Dec. 5. The following communication was received from the Governot: Executive Department Ga. | .Milledgevillr, Dec. 5, 1SH2. ) At the request nf Goteri or Hamilton of South Carolina, I herewith lav before the Gen eral Assembly a copy of the prceeedings ofthe late Convention of that State, which he tit*, sites should be laid before both branches of the Legislature of th>a Slate, Having so recently submitted lo the Legis lature my general views in relation to the sub jects connected with these proceedings, I for- besrst this lime, intruding upon tlm Legisla ture such reflections as havo forced upon my mind upon reading the proceedings—emana ting us they do from one of the enlightened Slate* of this confederacy. For the present Fi iday, A or. 30. Mr. -A'cal of Newton, moved lo rnednsider ho much of the Jouriiui of yesterday ns rulaled to die adoption of the resolutions o(Fared bv Mr. Ryan. After an interesting debate of several hours, tho million was lost bv a vole of 91 to 53. Saturday Dec. 1. Tim Bill from the Senate to compel the Treasurer and Inferior Courts of the huveral counties in this Slafo to receive of Tux Collec tors, Bills of the Macon Bank in certain cases, wus rend tho 3d tune nnd passed. A Resolution fixing the pay of tho Electors of the President and Vico-President at eight dollars per day uud ullowiug four dollars lor every twenty miles coming lo, nnd reluming from the -Seal of Government, was agreed to. JMonday, December 3. Mr. Starke laid on the table a preamble uud resolutions, proposing an amendment of lire Federal Constiliilion, by a Federal Conven tion, winch was rend and made thu order of the day for Thursday next. Mr. Pace gave notice for lho appointment of a cummilleu to prepare and report a lull, to authorise tho surveyor general to record the names of all persons who may hereafter take out grants, in u book lo be kept fur that pur pose. Tho bill to amend the Read laws of this State, passed Decumbur 19, ISIS, was rejec ted by the I louse Several hills were rend a second time, and ordered for Committee ofthe Whole. '1 lie bill to provide for digesting nnd publish ing the cuimnou law, was laid on the table for the balance ofthe Sesxiuu. The bill to make it a penal utFenco for any President, Directors nr other officer of either of the chnrlerud Banks of this Stale, in exceed or violate the provisions of their inspeelive charters, by fraud, mismanagement, &c. was read ibe third timu and passed. Tuesday, Dec. 4. t otiitoitiees appointed to prepare and report a bill to apportion t lie public hands amongst the seveinl counties of this Stale, and lo place them under the charge ol (lie Inferior Court ol said counties. The Hnusetook up the amendments ofScn- nlo to the Bill for the relief nf tlm Orphans of Win. Bond &c. and to require the gold uud land lottery Commissioners and Clerks to take and subscribe an o ith and to require the Com missioner* to give bond and security before they enter upon the dunes of their appoint ment, amended the same, and directed the Clerk lo carry it forthwith lo the Senate. The Bill lo amend the first section of nn act, to regulate the licensing of Physicians, in this State, pasted 24th December, 1825, was read the 3d time and rejected by the House. He ssyp,emphatically, that the “ laws State* mifst be ciitf iitpil”—that li« bin “no discre tional? power*on lh« Hiibjrrt,” nnd tlint bis “duty ia ••inp'm ically pronounced bv the Constitution.” • *—— ' \T_ j* The ‘2<1 Srwioti of the 22.1 Congress of Ibe IT. State*, convened at Wnshiopton City on the 3d inet. The election of the lion. Ilucli L. White, of Tcnneg- son, Pret-hklit of the Senate, pro tempore, is the only irnpmtanf'cvent, indicating «» it does the strength of the Administration in that body, that has as vet trans* pir. dk TJic President has returned to the House the bill wfifrli urn* passed at the last Session, entitled “an act fyV * njro ve n i e n t of certain harbours and the nav- i!. , tt*judhof i ci4r,f'Tio rivers,” with his reasons for refusing lo *igh it.* The repot is of the Secretaries of the Trea sury, i.rWV, of the Navy, and the Post Master Gener al, bpvc licen laid before Congress—all of which, through the kindness of our fiicnds at Washington, have been received at this ollice. We will endeavor hereafter to give s«»me extracts from them, if our limits will admit. So soon as tho proceedings of Congress assume an interesting character, they shall be pre- sfciittd before onr readers. c.ofboiiin Carolina, tins neon. .... - - . • m duties of Governor of that | J ,,8l,| y ,l;,s abrogation a «nust be pal- existence on the local interest, the party spirit h ai been elected Uniti'd I |*®l*ly contnifv to tho Constitution; but it is nf a Stale or of a prevailing faction in a Stale? j=> (ten. R. Y. I Inyr, elected, and entered on the State, and John C. r’alliomi States 1 senior in his stead. Mr. Hives, of Virginia, has been fleeted United States 1 Senator, in the place of Mr. Tazewell, resigned. Great Robbery.—Tho Bank of South Carolina, nt Charleston, waaroiibcd of nearly nil its funds; 5150,000. nil of which were bills of the Bank, it wa« ascertained were missing, nnd the investigation not completed. The Batik fins offer ed a reward of $5000 fur I lie money, and 51000 for the thief. —QiG/>— PKOULAUATIO.V, By Andrew Jackson, .PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. Whereas a Convention assembled in the Stale oFSoutli Cnrnlmn, have passed nn Ord.- nam e, by which they declare “ That the sev eral acts and purl* of acts of tho Congress nf ihii United Slates, purporting to bo laws far the imposing nf duties nnd imposts nn tho itn- pnriniiott of foreign commodities, »nd now hav- ing'iic'tual'operation and effort within tho Uni ted Sfitfo'fi ami more especially” two nets, for the same purposes, passed on the 29llt of May. 1828, and on the 14th of July, 1832, “ tiro un authorized by the Constitution of the United Slates, uud violate the true meaning and intent thereof, nnd are null nnd void and no law,” nor binding nn tho citizens of dial State or its offi cers : and by the said Ordinance it is further declared to bn unlawful fur any of the consti tuted authorities ol tho Stale, or of tho United Slates, to enforce tlm payment of the duties imposed hy the said acts within tho same State, sod that it is the duty of the Legislature to pitas such laws ns mny lie necessary lo give full effect to the said Ordinance. And whereas, by the naid Ordinance it is further ordained, that, in no case nf law nr equity, decided in die courts nf snid State, wherein shall he drawn in qunatioii the validity of the said Ordinance, or of din acts of the Legislature thut may lie passed lo give il effect, or of tho suid laws of the United Stales, no appeal ahull be alluwed lo the Supreme Court of the United Stales, nor shall any copy of the record ho permitted or allowed for llint pur pose ; and that any person attempting to take such appeal shall he punished us for a con tempt of court. A ml, finally, die said Ordinance declares that the people of South Carolina will main tain the said Ordinance at every hazard ; nnd that they will consider die passage nf any act by Congress abolishing or closing tho ports of the said Slate, or otherwise obstructing the free ingress or egress of vessels to and from the suid ports, or any other net of the Federal Government lo coerce the Slate, stmt up her nnrls, destroy or haras* her commerce, or to ejMWe-the sat.) acts otherwise thnn through bet.civil tribunals ot tho country, as inconsis tent with the longer continuance of South Car olina in the Union ; nnd llmt I n people of the said Stile will thenceforth hold ihcmsclven absolved from all further ol.ligation to main tain or preserve their political connexion with the peaplo ofthe other States, and will forth with proceed to organize a separate Govern- And whereas, thu said Ordinance prescribes ntenl,and do all oilier nets and things which so vereign and independent State* may of right .do. the execution of the laws. But the imposing aspect which opposition has assumed in this case, hy clodiing itself with Stale authority, nnd the deep interest which tho people of thu United States must all feel in preventing a re sort to slrongcr measures, while there is a hope thnt any thing will lm yielded lo mason ing nnd remonstrance, perhaps demand, and w'll certainly justify, a full exposition lo South Carolinn nnd the nation of the views I enter tain nf this important question, as well as a distinct oiiunciulion of the course tny sense of duly will require me lo pursue. The Ordinance is founded, not on the inde- Pcn-iblo right of resisting acts which are plain ly iiiiconstilulional, and too nppressivo lo be endured, hut on the strange position that any one Slnle may not only declare an ucl of Con gress void, hut prohibit its execution—that they rnav do this consistently with the Consti tution ; that the true construction of that in strument permits a Slate to retain its place in the Union, and yet be bound by no other of its laws than those it may choose lo consider us ofSoutliCarolina, linshonn! oonslilulionnl. I. is true, they add, that to if tile doctrine of a Stale veto upon tfie lat& of the Union, carries with it internal evidence of its impracticable absurdity, our constitution al history will also affind ahuudant proof that it would have been repudiated with indignation, had it been proposed to form a feature iu our government. In our colonial state, although dependant on' another power, we very early considered our selves as connected by common interest with each other. Leagues were formed for com mon defence, and before the declaration of in dependence, we were known in our aggregate character as tub united colonies Or Amer ica. That decisive and important step was taken jointly. We declared ourselves a na tion hy a joint, not by several acts ; and when the terms of our confederation were reduced to form, it was in that of ■ solemn league of severnl States, hy which they agreed thut they would, collectively, form one nntiou for tho purpose of conducting some certain dotnealio concerns, and all foreign relations. In tho instrument forming that Union, is found an ar ticle which declares that “ every State shall abide by the determinations of Congress on all ‘ questions which by that confederation should he submitted to them.” Under the confederation, then, no. State ‘ could legally annul a decision ul the Congress, or refuse to submit to its execution; but no ' provision was made to enforce these decisioos. Congress made requisitions, hut they were' not complied with. The government could not operate on individuals.. They had no ju diciary, no means of collecting revenue. But the defects of the confederation need not be deluded. Under it* operation, we could scarcely be called a nation. We bad neither prosperity at home nor consideration abroad. This slate of thing* could not he endured, and our present happy conititution was formed; but formed in vain, if this fatal doctrine pre vail*. It was formed for important objects that are announced in the preamble mado in tho name and by the authority nf the people of tlm United States, whose delegate* framed, and whoso conventions approved il. The must important among these objects, that which is placed first in rank, on which all the others rest, is, “ to form a more perfect Uni on.” Now, is it possible that, even if there were no express provision giving supremacy to the constitution and laws of the United States over those of the States, it can be con ceived, that an instrument made for the pur pose of “ forming a more perfect Union” than that of the confederation, could lie so con structed hy the assembled wisdom of our country, a* to substitute for that cunledcra- lion a form of government dependunt fur iia j evident. In give the right of resisting laws of that description, coupled with tho uncontrolled right to decide what laws deserve that charac ter, is to give the power of resisting ull lows. For, ns by the theory there is no appeal, the .reasons alleged by the State, good or bad, Kn-lny night, tho 14.1. tn.l- , r , !vaj| . ,f it 8 , 1011 |d l)0 fcaid that public opinion is a sutlicienl check aguins! the abuse of this power, it may be asked why it is not Every man ol plain unsophisticated under standing, who hears the question, will give such an answer as will preservn the Union.— Metaphysical subtlety, in pursuit nf an imprac ticable theory, could alone luve devised one that in calculated lo destroy it. - - I consider, then, the power to annul a law of the United Stales, assumed by one S|ato, NCOMPATini.K WITH THE EXISTENCE OF THE deemed a sufficient guard against the passage i Union, contradicted exfressi.t nr tiii: of an unconstitutional net by ('engross.— There is, however, a restraint in this last ense, which makes the assumed power of u State more indefensible, mid which dues not exist in the other. There are two appeals from an imcnnslilutioiml act passed by Congress—one lo tho Judiciary, the other to the people nod the Slates. There is no appeal from the Stato decision in theory ; and the practical illustra- I.ETTER OP THE CONSTITUTION, UNAUTHORI ZED RY ITS SPIRIT. INCONSISTENT WITH EVE RY PRINCIPLE ON WHICH IT WAS rOUNDEn, AND OBSTRUCTIVE OP THE UKE1T OBJECT roll WHICH IT WAS FORMED. Alter this general view nf the leading prin ciple, we must examine the particular applica tion of it which is made in the Ordinance. T!ip preamble rests its justification on these linn shows that the courts nru closed against an j grounds—it assumes as a luct, that the olinox- npplicalinn to review it, both judges and juror* ious laws, although they pu* tort to bn laws being sworn to decide in its favor. But rea- j for raising revenue, were in reality intended oning on this subject is superfluous when our!for the protection ofmanufactures, whieli pnr- social compact in express terms declares, that j pose it asserln lo bn uncoustitutionnl—(hat the InwK of the United States, its constitution, uud treaties made under il, are tho supreme law of the land ; and, lor greater caution, adds, “that the judges in every Slate shall be bound thereby, nny thing iu the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.” And it may he asserted, without lour of refu tation, thut no Federative Government could exist without a similar provision. Look for it moment to the consequence*. If South Car olina consider* tho revenuo laws unconstitu tional, nnd has a right to prevent their execu tion in the port of Charleston, there would bo a clear constitutional objection lo their collec tion in every other port, and nn revenuo could bo collected any where ; for till imposts must bo equal. It is no answer to repeat that an unconstitutional law is no law, so long os the question of its legality is to bo derided by Hip Stato itself; for every law operating injuriously upon any local interest will he pethnps thought, nnd certainly represented, as unconstitutional, and, as has been shown, there is no appeal. If this doctrine had been established ut an earlier day, the Union would Imve been dis solved in its infancy. The excise law in Fennsylvunm, the embargo nnd non-inter- course law in tho Eastern States, the carriage tax in Virginia, were all deemed unconstitu tional, and were more unequal in Iheir opera tion than any of the laws now complained of; but, fin tunaioly, nunc of those Slates discover ed that they had the right now cluitned by S. Carolina- Tho war into which wo were for ced, to support the dignity of the nation and the right* of our citizens, might have ended in defeat nnd disgrace, instead ol victory and honor, if the Stales, who supposood it a ruinous and unconstitutional measure, had thought they possessed the right of Mollifying the uet hy which il was deciured, and denying supplies for it* prosecution. Hardly and unequally a* those measures bore upon several members of the Union, to tho Legislatures of none did this sufficient and peaceable remedy, as it i* called, suggest itself. The d'sr.ovory of this impor tant feature inour Constitution was reserved to the present day. To tho statesmen of South Carolina belongs the invention, and upon the citizens of that Slate will unfortunately fall the evils of reducing it to practice the operation of these laws in unequal—that tho ninouiit raised hy them is greater than ts required hy the wauls ofthe government—nnd, finally, that the proceeds are to he applied to objects unauthorized by the Constitution.— These nrc the only causes alleged to justify an open opposition lo the laws of the country, nnd a threat of seceding from the Union, if any attempt should ho made to enforce them. The first virtually acknowledges that the la«v in question tvas passed under a power express ly given bv the Constitution, to lay and col lect imposts ; but its constitutionality is drawn in question from the motive* of those who pas- Tho next objection is, that the law,/ in ques tion operate unequally. This objection may lie made with truth to every law that has been or can he passed. The wjsdom of man pever yet contrivod a system of taxation that would | operate with perfect equality. If the unequal operation of a law makes it unconstitutional, and if all laws of •.hat description may be abrogated bv Rny Stale for that cause,'then, indeed,.is llm Federal Constitution unworthy of the slightest effort for its preservation. We have hitherto relied on it as the perpetual bond of our Uni on. We Imve received it as the work of tho assembled wisdom of the nation. We have trusted tn it a* lo (he sheet anchorofour safe ly, in the stormy times of conflict with a for eign or domestic foe. We have looked to it sed it. However apparent Ibis purposo may bo in the present case, nothing con bo more danger ous than to admit the position that an uncon stitutional purpose, entertained by the mem bers who assent to a law enacted under a con stitutional power, shall make that law void; for how is that purpose to ho* ascertained t Who is to make the scrutiny . llnw often mny had purposes be falsely imputed ! in how many case* are they concealed • by false pro fessions ? in how many is tio declaration of motive mnde ? Admit this doctrine, nnd you give- to the States an uncontrolled right to de cide, nnd every law may be annulled under this pretext. If therefore, the absurd and danger ous doctrine should he admitted, that a Stato mny nnnul an unconstitutional law, or one that it deems stirlt, it will not apply to tha presept exists