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**' 1‘crnn nt oi a 1'rcc, Is preferable (o the torpor of a ticspofic, Isovcrmin'iit.” \ t ol. i. ATHENS, GEORGIA, MARCH 0, 1833. The §oatIicrn Banner, 13 PUCMSHED IN TUB TOWN OF ATHENS, GEORGIA, EVERY SATURDAY, E8Y ALBOK C1IA»E. TeRMS' - Threo .lollars parvear, payable in advance, or Four dollar* if dalayeil to'the end nflhe year. The Utter amount will be rigidly exacted of all who fail to meettheir payments in advance. pjo subscription received lor less than one year, un less the money fa paid in advance; and no paper wiJJ be discontinued until all arrearages are paid, except at the option of the publisher. A failureion the part of subscribers to notify a* of their intention of rcliuqtiisit- ment, accompanied with the amount due, will lit con sidered as equivalent to a new cnyup»*nu nt, and pa pers sent accordingly. r AnvBRTiscMitNTS wtllbc inserted at the usual rates. fry All Letter* to the F.ditor on mutt it* connected with the establishment, must be pest paid in order to secure attention. iCJ* Notice of the sale of L*t nd and Negroes by Ad ministrators, Executors, or Guardian*, must be publish ed fitly days previous to the day of sale. The rale of Personal Property, in like manner, must be published forty days previous to Hie day of sale.' Notice to debtors and creditors of an estate must be published forty day a. Notice that Application will be rondo to the Court of Ordinary for Leave to sell Laud or Negroes, must published/tir months. Notice that Application will be mad* f»r Letters of AdmpiMlration, must be published thirty days, and for Letters of Disniiai£ion,six months. AGENTS. , Tito-iAS I). Coorrji Esr> ClarkemWe, Ffabrrsham Co. Gannas Hawpe, Esq Gmne.eill;, r, «U Co. Win iam C.nvAQ. Esq. Irjfnson. Jackson Co. William dtnovRT. Esq. DanietscilV Madison Co. Mat. J. Williams. Esq. hwrencevi/le. Gwinnett Co NO. 51. DdUttcal. IS. IS. LORD, I \S the pleasure of inform ing lit* customers arid the public, that he linn recently re turned from Nrw-York, ami Im opened «u extensive assortment ! or WATCHES, JEWELRY, &c L selected with.great care, whirl a&Ji.bo will dispose of on th» most lib eral terms. Among his purch «»?3 ho would mention the billowing articles: Gold and Silver Lover WATCHES, Gold and Silver f/Epine do. Conimon English, French nnd Swiss do. Brass CLOCKS, nnd Mantel Time-Pieces. Jewelry. Ladies* Gold Neck and Watch Chains, La-lies* and Gcntfmncn’s (J«»ld a id Plated Seals «$• Keys Gomlemon’s Gold ind Plat' d Snf» ,, v and \\ atch Chains Phi-Kappa aso Df.m >stiif.nian Kkts, Gold and P'ated Medallions, and Miniature f.ockets, Ladies* and Gentlemen’* Cameo, l)i:i i -ml,A * jJ Tiirqiiot*. Flower Agate, Garnet C-»at, ( £ .5 Topaz, Emeiald, Amethyst, Enamelled, 1 Swiss Painted Enamelled, Ruby, Jet, j 5 s c Mosaic, Peal I, Paste, Fillagrcc, and plain 1 “ Gobi J ta £ Ladies’ Ear-flings, and Gentlemen’s Shirt-Studs, of n*»arl\ all * be above varieties. M listen 1 Instruments. Common, Coco-wood Lined, Tipped and Silver-keyed FLUTES, Plain oiid Tipped Single and Double FLAGEOLETS, Wood, Tin and Shell MUSIC BOXES, Flageolet, Double Flageolet and Flute Tutors. Miscellaneous. Gold, Silver, Steel and Sholl Spectacles, • Gold and Silver Pencil Cases, Superior Percuffinn Pocket Pistols, Brass, Steel and Silver Mounted, Gold, Silver, Steel and Brass Thimbles, Plated and Brass Candlesticks, Snuffers and Trays, Silver Spoons, Silver and Plated Putter-Knives, Britannia Coffee and Ten Setts, Plated Fruit-Baskets and Castors, White, Arteuie.«i.iii, Garnet, Black, } Opal,.Lemon, Alabaster, Yellow, > CUT BEADS, Sky Blue, Green and Gilt S Piste, Enamelled, Silgsr and Fine Gilt Belt Buckles. —ALSO— , A splendid assortment of /lasers and Penknives, with Razor-Straps, llooes, Shaving-Boxes and Brushes, Scissors and Snull-Boxes, Ladies’ Work and Fancy Boxes, Children’* Dumb Watelieenod Silver Whistles, Cloth, Hair and *JTooth Brushes, Uv. &e. fC^The t*n>vo articles comprise o ly a part of the Stock offered for sale—any ami every article in his line nfbtiaineas, not already on hand, will bo furnished at the shortest notice. Clock nml Watch Repairing Carried on nt usual in all its branches. Good workmen will be employed, and all orders punctually ami faith fully attended to. Athens, Die. 29.—41—If. Mil. CLAP'S SPEECH hi the Smalt on I lie I2lli ,ull. on inlroilu- cing Hie Bill for the reduction of the Tariff. Itlr Clay alluded to his notiro of yesterday with regard lo the introduction ol'liis bill, imd said he owed an apology for this proceeding which was, that although it might not be strctT ly parliamentary—although it might not no- cord with thu views of tin) Senate lie cnn-id- ered it justified by the present agitated condi tion of ttie country. He said he had risen for no purpose of grit- tlyinp the midienro—w ill no parly or political views, hut from a Renso of duty to his country in i'a present slate of civil commotion. Ho had no desire of making an ambitious display ol his power., but he wished lo give tram|oiliiy to the country. The face of the country ex hibits a scene of great and crowing prosperity ; yet it cannot lie disguised that there are great dissensions, disturbances, and divisions, such a a it is impossible to quell, without pacific and accommodating measures ; nod I am sure that this effort will therefore meet with a favorable reception, whether or not it should prove suc cessful. Sir, what are the objections to thn mensttre proposed hv the hill ; First, it is said H is a reduction of rho i»r ff of protection. Sir, I now express mv opinum deliberate and deci ded and for the purpoo »i giving once .irupli* surntv an ill s subj c to those in ilmr.o.n j by me g try whose interest it is in ho well inf .rut d -hould lie distributed on the principle of lb 18-42 ; that duties would then lie equal on ar ticles col exempted from duly; that 11 would he 20 percent advalorem. lie said the rule was given, hut Congress was free, prior to 1812, In adopt liny other rule if they thought proper, provided it was u rule of equality. It seventeen, or fifteen, or twenty five percent, were imposed equally on all articles subject to duly, it Congress thought it necessary, there was nothing lo restrain them. Ho hud fixed upon 20 per cent, as the must probable means uf graduation. Mr. Clay said, there was another clause, in this section ol concession and harmony which he hud hoped would yet prevail in tho country; that duties should he pan! in ready-money. Mr. Clay here noticed that twelve o’clock, the hour liir the special order was now at hand, and he was ready lo lake his seal; hut hy tho unanimous consent of the Semite, lie was permitted lo proceed] I he luurth scelion, lie suid, related to arh- les that were exempt from duty. One run- aiderutiun for a redact if tlm tariff, w u s that ol an overflowing Treasury. This section guards agninst that inconvenience. Ho iliaiight lha! if tho measure of the bill should be adap ted,and the gradual reduction of tho bill should go into operation, it would settle two or three nflhe great questions now agitating the coun try, these of the tariff and the public lands ; and if there should he a surplus, n should be unquestionably applied lo inierual improve ments alreadv commenced, and now ill view ruuieni, and after 18 42, tun surplus Co-Partnership. T IIF. undersigned respectfully announces to the public, that ho has associated Mr. WILLIAM J. MITCHELL with him in his business, and solicits for the new firm tho same liberal pntronape which has heretofore been extended to himself individually. ELY K. CLARK. Carriage Making. C LARK & MITCHELL have the plrariirc of in- forming their friend, and customer., tlml they Continue the manufacture ofCoaches, Barouches, Gigs, Sulkies, Wagon., Real tlie.hop formerly ocrii|,ied by JJ, K. CLARK, where .11 orders in their line, will be promptly and faithfully executed. ICP Repairing of all kind., done intho beat manner, and on liberal term., Jan. lS-43-tf. To Stage Proprietors. W AY-BILLS constantly on hand aiid for sale at Ihe Office of Ibo South. Bam .or. respecting it—tlml the tariff is in imminent danger. It it is prescin d this session, it must fail the text. I express this opinion ns my own ; others most form their Judgment on the subject for themselves, but it is my deci- ded opinion, tlml owing to a variety ol'concur rent onuses, the muffin in imminent danger; and if it should h • preserved through this mis sion and the • ext, it must bo by means beyond the rencli of human view. Look Str.at Ihe existing interest of 'he coun try which will thus he pul in jeopardy ; the number of individuals concerned ; the amount of capital invested in mtiiiuliicture., the num ber nnd ex'eni of buildings raised, tinder the festering e.ire of the Government—and it is impossible lo eondnivo of nny calamity so great as the sudden overthrow of all these in- rests. History can furnish ns no parallel to the distress nnd difficulty which would resell from such an event. Tim repeal of tho Edict nt N'nntz is no parallel, which drove into ex- lo n large portion of tho popnhitinn of France, null spread ruin over the whole extent of the | kingdom. The sudden reduction of the tariff would bring "till greater nnd mure decisive nyu on the whole of this country---no part would be nxompt. Sir, wlmt is it lliat compels disaffection nnd divides in their sentiments t e people of this country ? On Ihe one hand thev are complain. g of nil excessive lax, tending to paralyze the hand of industry,perpetual in its operation, novrr.ln end, nnd right nt wrong, leading, as they‘think, tn inevitable ruin. On the other hand, comnlaint is made i f the vncihiting nod Vibrating policy of the Government that there is no sliihility in our legisjmi n ; that there is no d. pendenre f>r business men ; that hef re one law- is tested, cxeerimenl is made on ano. liter, while the former is not vet nine u nn'hs old : that the law is thus ex-1 cdingly del-sive : that, in from -tx to nine month- hef re Ihe law- enn have been It stetl. we proceed, to repeal. On the one side, tho system is rnnsidered as fraught with ruin; on thn other side, it is thonehl doubtful the occasion of continual alarm, denying, 'that nil men desire, the pew-i nf looking ahead, on thn slnhiliry of which it i sure ruin to count. These nre thn complaints of one side and the other, I hnvn deemed it desirable that there should ho some mutual a eommodalion, tu give tn one party n xvi grounded confidence in the stability of nor law. ; and .to tho other, at a dnv distant, hut not ton distant, a promise of criming down to the revenue standard : an object, thp altai menl -if which has been so long contested.— The lull, Sir, is one of time, and founded as it is on that principle of gradual operation, ilspe- rifi-s a time, long na it respects the duration nt life, but short in relmien In the movements and effects of government, altering thus the system of duties to the revenue standard, so long contested. Sir, with those preliminary remnrks, I heg leave lo rail tho attention of the Senate In the bill. (Here Mr. C. read the several sections nflhe hill.) According to this ho_ continued. Iinll cut down the revenue to 20 per cent, in nine nod n half years ; and the great object will bp essentially attained nt the end of eight anil a half. (Ilctn Air. ('. .illustrated the op eration of Ihe first section of the bill, by apply ing its numerical provisions to two separate practical cases.) In remarking on the second seption, he no ticed Ilint the duly on low prierd woollens, was formerly reduced In five instead of fifty percent, for iIip bonefil of the slijve-hohllng copulation, and for the purpo-e of reconciling them to the system »f protection; hot'as this purpose was not effected Mr. C. thought it seemed right that it -should ho brought back, and placed by Ilia aide of duties oti other yvool- fena. , Uo'ohserved, that tho third section of tho hill would be tho rule for future tariffs after • * . . land lull. It lias been his uhj cl to keep lii questions separate, nnd let euch stand on i-s own merits. If this section is retained, and the reduction of the second section gn into operation, tlicro will, in my opinion ho no sur plus whatever. I win astonished huw the Ex ecutive uud his offi er have arrived at n sur plus revenue. Sir, what is it on wlm-li their estimate is founder! ? Duties are givett at a certain ru e on propositions to reduce ; and the uuiuuut nf revenue is made out on the sup position,that a change of duties will not change tho amount of imported articles. Sir, there is no calculation more uncertain; it is all conjecture, all uncertainty resting only in Mi changes of the winds and the waves. Iftlmi is any truth in tho acknowledged jniuciples of political economy, this estimate cannot lie true liccauae tlm consumption will be proportioned to tlie reduction ol price. If you reduce the duly, you reduce Ihe price, nnd thus Incrcas- tho consumption. The rule of lhe{ Secretary is not good ; I am unwilling lo impute to h any imp oper design, hut this e-liinntn seems most art.idly devi-i d It is assumed that the expense r.f lion rumen! some year- Iten<-« will be so much. Sir, can we say how much, in vmw of all the circumstances which vary or may vary tlio expenses of Hovcrnineni ? And while Ills estimate is put on UII assumed a* mount of tho expense uf ihe Isovi-rnineni, it is ulteiw.uds assumed how much money "ill comu tutu tlm I're-isury. But I beg pardon fur tips d gresslon. t here is one explanation lo be mad-- with regard m silks tunning hum ibis side the Cape of (loud Hope. The motives fur ihi- distin. - lion, arc. that it has In cu an object ul'atix-uns it- sue lo in reuse Ihe rnmnicree w il> Franc#, and In dimmish it with tirdai But no ; Fin cc. although iiuiiqoil with l.nghitid iAi great .indgiuw-ng customer. 1 lie cittisuroption in France o four cotton bus trohled in fourteen years. Ficnch silks of a lower grndo cannot maintain a competition with thuso of China, without this difference proposed hy tlm lull. The duties imposed >t the I ist -cssiun of Con gress. « r .oinpl i.cii i f > tl"- 1» v-r -m hi of France I -htuk n di stratde that ilu-rr should tie this distinction tc- ween Chinn uud French silks. Inn I snail acquiesce entirely in the opinion of the Senate. The rest of the lull relates lo tlie repeal of acts inconsistent with its provisions. Mr. Clay said he would now luko n view of some ofthe objections which would he made to the hill. Ii might bn said that the act was prospective, that it hound our successors, and that we-had nn power thus to land them. It was true that the url was prospective, nnd so was almost every act which we over passed, but we could repeal it Ihe next day. It was the established usage to give all acta a pros pective operation. In every Inriff law, there were some provisions which go into operation immediately, and other at a future lime. Enel protection. But, he contended, in the first place, Mint a suspension of the exercise of Ihe power was nut an abandonment of it, for the power was in lha Constitution according lo our theory—was put there hy its framers, and could only be dislodged hy the people. Al ter the year 1842, the hill provided that the power should t>e exercised in a certain mode. There were lour inodes by which the indus try ofthe country could be protected : First, Ihe absolute prohibition nf rival for eign nriiclce. That was totally iinuttempted hy the kill: but it was competent to the wis dom of the Government to exert thn power whenever they wished. Second, the imposi tion of duties in such a manner us lo have nn reference to any object but revenue. When we had a large public debt ill 1816, the duties yielded 37 millions and paid no much more nflhe debt, nnd subsequently they yielded hut eight nr ten millions, and paid so much leas nf the debt. Sometime* we hud to trench on sinking loud. Now ive find nn public debt In absorb the surplus revenue, and nn motive for enntinueing tlie duties. Nn man cun look nt the condition of tho counliy and say, that we can entry on this system, with accumula ting revenue, nini iiu priielicuhlo way ofexpun- ding it. The third mode w-ns attempted Inst session, ill a Uesoluiion which ho Imd the honor to submit last year, and which, in fact ultimately formed the basts of thn act which finally parsed both Mouses. This whs to riit-e ns much revenue ns was wanted lor the i-o- rd the Government and no more, hut to raise it trom tlio pioiucted und nut from tlio uiprnteclfd arm ies. Me would Hay, llmt Ire regretted most deeply llmt the greater part of tlio country would not auffor this principle lo prevni 1 It ought to prevail—and the day, in ilia opinion, would come, when it would he adopted ns the permanent policy ofthe-oun- try. Sluill we legislate for our own wants or that of a foreign country I To protect our own inter -sts in opposition In foreign legisla tion was F e basis nf this ayaiem. Tho lourlli mode in wlucli protection could lie affmdud to domestic industry wus lo admit, free of du ly, every article which aided tho operations of the manufactures. Tlieso were the four Ins for protecting our industry ; uud to those who say that the hill abandons the power of protection, lie woo'd reply that it did not touch that power; and tiiut the fourth mode, so fur frnm being abandoned, is exten ded and upheld liy the hill. The moat that an lie objected m th<- hill by those with whom to" Ii d eo-otiernlod to support the protective -ystem, w ib that, io consideration nf nine nod ah ilf years of peace, certainty, and stability, toe manufactures relinquished some advaulii- ges which they n..w eoj i*ed. What wus tho principle which had always been contended for hi tins ami in ihe oiuor House I Tlml, uf- er the nccumiihitiun of capital and skill, the inintifarlores would stand nlouc, nimidcd hy the Government, hi rnmpelinn with tlio im ported articles from any quarter. Now, give us lime ; cease all fl -etuaiiouH nnd imitations for nine years, and the rnamifaciiires. in ovary brunch, will susliiiii themselves ugninsl foreign impclioti- If wo can aeo our may clearly r nine years In mine, we can safely leave •» isteriiy in provide lor tin. rest. If the Tar iff ( ie overthtowo, is may he its fa - e next sen- sum in. try will he plunged into extreme distress and agitation, I, said Mr. Clay, want harmony, 1 wish lo see the restoration of those Ilea which have carried ns triumphantly through two wars. I delight, not in this pur- pelufil turmoil. Lo; us have pence, and be come once more united hs a hand nf brothers. It may be said ill it the farming interest can not mih-isl under u twenty per cent, ml val orem duty His reply was. “sufficient for the day is the evil thereof.” He would leave it to the day when'he reduction took effect, to settle ihe question. When the reduction takes place, and the farmer cannot hvo under it, wlmt will he do 1 I will tell you ; said Mr. Clav, wtinl he ought to do. lie might to try tt—inako a fair experiment of if-nnd iflie can not live under it, let him enrno Imre and sny that lie is bankrupt, and ruined. If then no thing cun ho done lo relieve him Sir, I will not pronounce Ihe words, for I will believe that something will ho done, and llmt relief wilt he afforded without hazarding thn peaee anil integrity nf the Union. This Confeder acy is nn excellent con'rivnnce, hot it must io managed with del'cspy and skill. There were hii infinite variety nf prejudices nnd local Congress legislated according to their own i interests to luj regarded ; hut they should all views of propriety ; their acts tl id not hind their I he made to yield to the Union, aurres.nrs, hut created a species of public | fftlin sy.tetn proposed cannot he enntinu- I'aiih which would not rashly bo broken. But ed, let os liy some intermediate system, before if this lull should go into operation, ns hn ho- we think of nny other dreadful altcrtfntive.— perl even against hope that it might, he had • Sir, it wMI he.suid, on tlio other li.Tiul—for the ‘jci-tioti- arc made hy tho friends of protcc. not a doubt that it would lie adhered lo by nil parties. There was but otto contingency which would roader chnnge necessary, a ml tiiut was the intervention of a war, w hich was provided for ih Die bill. The hands of Con gress were left untied in this event, mol they would ho at liberty to resort lo nny mode ol taxation which they might propose. But if we suppose pence In eontinue, there would he no motive for disturbing the arrangement, hut on the contrary, every motive to carry it mto fleet. In Ihe next place, it will lie objected to the bill, hy Ihe friends nf thn protective pul oy, of whom Im held himself to he one, for his mind was immutably fixed in favor of that policy, that it abandoned the power of linn principally—llmt the. tunc is ton long; tlml tlm intennedi itn reductions melon incon siderable, mol that there is no guaranty that, nt Urn end ofthe time .ripnlnlcd, the reduction proposed'would be nllowed to lake effect. In the first jrlaen.should Im recollected the diver sified interests of the romitry—tho measures of tlie government which preceded thn eslnh- fishmeal of manufactures—tho pitbli; faith in some degree pledged for their security ; and the ruin in whirh rash and hasty legislation would invntvo them. lie would not dispute about terms. It would not, in n court of ju*. lice, he maintained that the public faith was pledged for the protection of manufactures ; bid .here wore other pledges which men of honor are humid by, besides those of wbicn the law cun luxe cognizance. If we excite, in our neighbor, a reasonable expectation which induces him to take a par ticular course of business, we are in honor bound lo redeem ihe pledge thus tacitly gt- vnn. Cun any man doubt that a large portion of our citizens believed that tho system would ho peiinmieiii i Tho whole country expec ted it. The security ngainst any change of the system proposed by the bill, was io the character of the bill, us a compromise between two conflicting parties. If the bill should be taken by common consent, as we hope it will bo—tlio history of the revenue will be guaran ty of its permanence. The circumstances under which n was passed will bo known nnd recorded—uud no one will disturb a system which was adopted will, a view to givo peace and tranquility to the country. The decending gradations by which he pro- posed to art ive at tlio minimum of duties, must bo gradual. He never would consent to toy precipitate operation to bring distress aod ru in on thn ruiiiinutiity. Now, suid Air. C., viewing it in this light, it appeared ihutlliore were eight years and a boll', and nine years and a half taking the ul- lunate lime, which would bo nn efficient pro tection, tho remaining duties would bo with drawn by a biennial reduction. Thn protec tive principle most bo said to bo, in soma meusure, relinquished at the end of eight years and a hull'. Tina period could not appear unreasonable, nnd he thought that no member ofthe Seuute, or any portion of the country, ought to inako the slightest objection. It now remained for him to consider the other objection—the war.t of a guarantco lo their being nn ulterior continuance ofthe duties im posed by the hill, on tho expiration nflhe term which it prescribes. Tho best guarantees would he found in tho ctrcuinalansos under which the measure would bo passed. If it was passed hy common cunsent; If it Was passed with the assent of a portion—a con siderable portion of those who had directly hitherto supported this system, and by s con siderable portion of thoso who opposed it—if they declared their satisfaction with the meal- ute, ho hud no doubt the rate of dutioa guar anteed, would ho continued after the expira tion of tlio term, if the country continued at pence. And nt tho ond of the term, when the experiment would have been made of the ef ficiency of the moda of protection fixed by ihe hill, while tho constitutional question had been suffix'd to lie dormant, if war should render it necessary, protection might be carried up to prohibition ; while, if tho country shouldre- fitatn nt pence, und this measure go into full operation, tho duties would bo gradually low ered down tn tho revenue standard, which had been so on meetly wished for. Hut, suppose that he was wrong in all theso views, for there were guarantees, in one sense ofthe term, of human infallibility, 8uppnae a different statu of things iu the South—that thisSenute, from causes whirh ho should not doell upon now, hut which wore obvious to> every reflecting mnti in this country—causes which had operated fur years past, end which continued to operate. Suppose, for a moment, that tiicie -hould ben majority in tho Senate in favorol'iliii Southern view-, and that they should repeal the whole system at once, what guarantor, would we have, tiiut tho repealing of th« law would hot destroy those great inter- cats which it i. so important to preserve J— What giinrnnleo would you havo that tho thun ders of those powerful manufactures would not hn diioelcd against your capitol, because of this nlmndonment of thoir interests, and because" you had given (Item no protection agninst foreign legislation. Sir, said Mr. C., if you carry your measures of repeal without tho consent, nt least, of n portion of those who aro interested in tho preservation of man- ofaclurua, you have no security, no guarantee, rm certainty that any protection will bo eon- tioued. Bat if tho measure should be carried hy the common eonaent of both parties, wo shall have nil soeurily; history will fnitbfully record the transaction; narrate under what circumstances the bill was passed, that it was a pacifying measure; that it was as oil poured from the vessel of ihe Union to restore peace and harmony to tho country. When all this was known, wlmt Congress, what Legislature, would mar thn guarantee ? What man, who is entitled to deserve the character of an A- merienn statesman, would stand up in his place in either House of Congress and disturb this treaty of peace nnd amity t Fir, said Mr. O., 1 will not sny that it may not he disturbed. All that I say is, that hero i- till the reasonable security that can bo desir ed hy those on the one side ofthe quesfion,and much more than thoso on tho Other would have hy nny unfortunate concurrence of cir- ^ rumslancen. Such a repeal of the whole eys- tern should he brought about as would hp r-hrerlullv acquiesced in by all the parties in this country, All parties might find in this measure some reasons for objection. Attd wlmt humnn measure was there which was free from objectionable qualities 1 It had been remarked, nnd justly remarked, hy the greet Father of our country himkelf, that if that great work which is the charter of our liber ties, nnd under which we have so, long flour ished, hnd-hccn submitted, article by article, to all the different Stntes composing this Un- *' *s- st? ■■kh ' j? ^ » As. , 'J ■ .i. ■