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“The ferment of a free, is preferable to the torpor of a despotic, Government.” VOL. II. ATHENS, GEORGIA, MARCH 30, 1833. NO* IS* JJoctr” THE FARMER. Sweet is the Fanner's sleep ! Sweet, if by toil he earns his bread; He knows not half the c .res and dread Which -pit to the weak man’s mind. And make him watch and weep; Rut casting sorrow to tho wind, S„re: is tho Farmer’s sleep! Refreshing are his dreams. N'o totalizing scones of wealth, ;\jocit iiim. possessed ot ease and health; He fears not murders, storms, nor fire. The weak man’s mighty themes ; But innocence and |>o >ce inspire llis light and pleasant dreams. And when the cheerful morn, Ti e watchful cock proclaims .aloud, Eight by Ids slumbers as a cloud, Reflected by the noon-day sun, On wings of iight is home; No head-ache veils, in mantle dun, The thriller's happy morn. O ideas my sweet repose! When toils invite my limlis to rest, May no false horrors harm my rest, Breathe thro’ my lips thy kindest dreams, My willing eyelid.t close. And as the Farmer’s seems, Re such my sound repose. NEW TARIFF BILL. AN ACT to modify tho net of the 14th of ,Iu! , o io thousui 1 i Jit min imi aid tiiirt two, and all other acts imposing duties oa im ports der root,nuts and berries used in dying, sati'ron, tumeric, wood or pastel, aloes, ambergris, bur gundy pitch, cochineal, camomile flowers, co riander seed, catsup, chalk, coculus indicus, horn plates for lanterns, ox horns and tips ; India rubber, unmanufactured ivory, juniper bftrrios, musk, nuts of all kinds, oil of juniper, unmanufactured ratans and reeds, tortoise, shell tin foil, shellac, vegetables used principally n lying and composing dyes, weld, and all ar ticles employed chiefly for dying, except alum copperas, bichromate of potash, prussiate of potash, chromate of potash, and nitrate of lead, aqua fortis, and tartaric acid. And all imposts on which the first section of this act may operate, and all articles now admitted to entry free from duty, or paying a less rate of duty than twenty per centum ad valorem, be. fore the said 30th day of June, one thousand eight hundred and forty two, from au alter that day may be admitted to entry subject to such duty, not exceeding twenty per centum ad va lorem, as shall be provided for by law. Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That so much of the act of the fourteenth day of July, 1832, or of any other act. as is incon sistent wi h this act, shall be, and the s me is hereby repealed: Provided. That othing herein c mtained shall be so constru ed as to prevent the passage, prior or subse quent to the said thirtieth day of June 1842, of any act or acts, from time to time, that may be necessary to detect, prevent or pu i- ish evasions of th; duties on niq.or:? imposed bv law, r:r.r tf prevent the passage of any* I act, prior io the thirtieth day of June, one thousand eight hundred nnd forty two, in the contingency either of excess or deficiency of revenue, altering the rate of duties on artic les which, by the aforesaid act of the four teenth day of July, oe thousand eight hun dred and tiiirt two, are subject to a less rate He it enacted, &c. That, from and after the of duty than twenty per centum ad valorem, thousand * n suc ^ a manner as not to exceed that rate, and so as to adjust the revenue to cither of the said con'ingencies. thirtv-first day of December, one eight hundred and thirty three, in all cases where the duties are imposed on foreign im ports by the act of the fourteenth day of July one thousand eight hundred and thirty two, l entitled “An act to alter and amend the sev- ral arts imposing duties on imports,” or by any other act, shall exceed twenty per cent um on the value thereof, one tenth part o such excess shall he deducted ; from and the defendant in such suit, or prosecution at any time before trial, upon a petition to the circuit court of the United States, in and for the district in which the defendant shall have been served with process, setting forth the nature of said suit or prosecution, and verify ing the said petition by affidavit, together with a certificate signed by an attorney or counsel lor at law of some court of record of the state in which such suit shall have been commenc ed, or of the United States, setting forth that, as counsel for the petitioner, he has examined the proceedings against him, and has careful ly inquired into ail the matters set forth in the p titioa, and that he believes the same.to be true ; which ;>t tnion, aflidavit, and certificate, shall be pres, nted to the said circuit court, if in session, and if not, to the clerk thereof, at his oliice, and shaii be hied in said office, and the cause shall thereupon be entered on the docket of said court, and shall be thereafter proceeded in as a cause originally commenced in that court; and it shall lie the duty of the clerk of said court; if the suit were commenc ed in the court below by summons, to issue a writ of certiorari to the state court, requiring said court to send to the said circuit court the record and proceedings in said cause, or u it were commenced by capias, he shall issue a writ of habeas corpus cumcauss, a duplicate of which said writ shn’l be delivered to the clerk of the - * e-mrt, or left nt his office by the marshal of the district, or his deputy, or some person duly authorised thereto; and, thereupon, it shall be the duty of the said state court ,o stay all further proceedings in such cause, and the said suit, or prosecution, upon deliver of such process, or leaving the same as aforesaid, shall he deemed and taken to he moved to the said circuit court, and any fur ther proceedings, trial or judgment therein in the state court shall be wholly null and void. And if the defendant in any such suit be in ac tual custody on mesne process therein, it shall be the duty of the marshal, by virtue of the "Tit of habeas corpus cum causa, to take the body of the defendant into his custody, to be dealt with in said cause according to the rules of law and the order of the circuit court, or of oay judge thereof in vacation. And all at- ca in i 'impress assembled, That whenever, by reason of unlawful obstructions, combinations, after the 31st day of December, one thoesaud I or assemblages of persons, it shall become ei: hteeu hundred and thirty live, another I impracticable, in the judgment of the Pjcsi- tentli part thereof shall he deducted ; from dent, to execute the revenue laws, ;uid collect and after the thirty first day of December, the duties on imp-arts in the ordinary way,-in one t ousund eight hundred and thirty seven, any collection district, it shall, and may, be mother tenth part thereof shall he deducted; l lawful for the President to direct that the cus- from and after the tuirty first day of Decern- tom-housc for such district be established and her, one thousand eight hundred and thirty kept in any secure place within some jiort or nine, another tenth part thereof shall be de- harbor of sucli district, either upon land or on THE ENFORCING BILL. An Act further to provide for the Collection of Duties on Imports. Be it enacted hi the Senate and House of Representatives (f the United Stales o r Amcri-! t 'chments made .aid all hail and other securi ty given upon such suit, or prosecution, shall he and continue in like force and effect, «s if the same suit or prosecution, had proceeded any State where the jails are not allowed to be used for the imprisonment of persons ar rested or committed uuderthe laws of the U. States, or where houses are not allowed to be so used, it shall and may be lawful for any marshal, under the direction of the Judge of the United States for the proper district, to use other convenient places, within the limits of said State, and to make such other provis ion as he may deem expedient and necessary for that purpose. Sec. 7. And be it further enacted* That ei ther of the justices of the Supreme Court, or a judge of any district court of the United States, in addition to the authority already conferred, bv law, shall have power to grant writs of habeas corpus in all cases of a pris oner or prisoners, in jail or confinement, where he or they shall be committed or coni fined oa, or by any authority or law, for any act done, or omitted to be done, in pursu ance of a law of the U. States, or any order, process, or decree, of any Judge or court thereof, any thing in any act of Congress to the contrary notwithstanding. And if any persons to w hom such writ of habeas corpus may lie directed, shall refuse to obey the same or snail neglect or refuse to make return, or shall make a false return thereto, in addition to the remedies already given by law, he or they shall be deemed and taken to he guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, on conviction before any court of competent jurisdiction, be punished by fine, not exceeding one thousand dollars, and by imprisonment, not exceeding six months, or by either, according to the na ture and aggravation of the case. Sec. 8. And be it further enacted, That the sever d provisions coat i ’ hi the first and fifth sections, of this ct shall e in force until the end of the next seas.... a. Congress, and no longer. A. STEVENSON, Speaker of the House of Representatives. HU. L. WHITE, President of the Senate pro tempore. Approved, March 2d, 1833. ANDREW JACKSON. LIST OF ACTS Passed at the Second Session of the Twcntj. second Congress. An act to explain an act, entitled “ an act to reduce the duties on coffee, tea, and co coa,” passed the twentieth of May, 1830. An act to cstablisii a Land Office in the to final judgment and execution in the state court. And if, upon the removal of any such suit or prosecution, it shall be m ale to appear j Territory of Michigan. to tlie said circuit court that no copy of the An act to improve the condition of the record and proceedings therein in the state non-commissioned officers and privates of the court, can be obtained, it shall be lawful for said army and m .rine corps of the United States, circuit court to allow and require the p 1 tintifi'! and to prevent desertion, to proceed dc novo, and to file a declaration of; An act in aid of an act entitled “ an act ducted ; and from and after the thirty first board any vessel; and, in that case, it shall j ^* s cause °t ncuon, andtne parties may there- . i __ zi __ .1 • i . i I i .i _ c* ai. _ _ i» . _ • J _ * nnnn :>q in tiFlinnc r\n innllv flay of December, one thousand oight hun-1 be the duty of the collector to reside at such j upon proceed as in actions ori.iually brought dn a and forty one, one half of the residue of I place, and there to detain all vess -Is and car- j * n circuit court; and on failure of so pro such excess shall be deducted ; and from and j goes arriving within the said district until the ceecing, judgment ot non pros, may be ron- r.fterttho thiricth day of June, one thousand I ■•attics imposed oa said Cargoes, by law, be eight Ini rlre i and foriy two, the other I paid, in cash, deducting interest according to half thereof shall be deducted. I existing laws; and in such cases it shall be Sec. 2. And be itfurlher enacted, That so unlawful to take the vessel or cargo from the much ol'tiic second section of the act of the custody of the proper officer of the customs, fourteenth of July aforesaid as fixes the rate unless by process from some court of the Uni- of duty on ail mille t and fulled cloth, known ted States; and in case of any ittempt other by the name of plains, kerseys, or Kendal wise to take such vessel or cargo by any force, cottons, of which wool is the only material, or combination, or assemblage of persons too the value thereof does not exceed thirty five great to be overcome by the officers of the cents a square g ird, at five per centum ad va-1 customs, it shall a .d mav be lawful for the for the relief of James Barnett.’ An act making appropriations for the En gineer and Ordnance Departments. An act authorising the commissioner of ‘ sident and Directors of the Georgetown dered against the plaintiff with costs for the the General Land Office to issue patents to defendant. persons therein named. Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That' An act to authorise the county commis- in any case in which any party is, or may be ! sioners for the county of Peoria, in the State by law, entitled io copies of the record and of Illinois, to eater a fractional quarter soc- proceedin .s in any suit or prosecution in any tion of land for a seat of justice and lor other state court, to he used in any court of the Uni- purposes. ted States, if the clerk of said state court shall An act ^ranting an additional quantity of upon demand, and the payment or te .der of land for the location of revolutionary bounty the legal fees, refuse or neglect to deliver to , land warrants. such party, certified copies of such record and | An act to amend an act; entitled “an act lorcm, shall be, and the same is hereby re-1 President of the United States, or such per- proceedings, the court of the United Statesiu j to alter and amend an act to set apart and pealed. And the s fid articles shall lie sub-1 son or persons as he shall have empowered for '• which such record and proceedings may be j dispose of certain public lands lor the cncour- ject to tne same duty of fifty per centum, as I that purpose, to employ such p rt of the land , needed, on proof, hv affidavit, that the clerk is provided by the second section for otaer or naval forces, or militia, of the United States, °f said slat : court has refused or ueglecteJ to manufactures of wool ; which duty shall be as may be deemed necessary for the purpose j deliver copies thereof, oo demand as aforesaid, liable to the same deductions as are preseri- of preventing the removal of such vessel or I coay direct and allow such record to be suppli- bed In the first seetin of this act. I cargo, and protecting the officers of the cus-! ct l !*>' affidavit or otherwise, as the circumstan- Sec. 3. And be it further enacted,* That, I toms in retaining the custody thereof. ccs °f the case may require and allow ; and, until the thirtieth day of June, one thousand 9fic. 2. And be it further enacted, that the ! thereupon, such proceeding, trial, and judg- <ignl hundred and forty two, the duties imposed jurisdiction of the circuit courts of the cnent, may be had in the said court ot the Uni- bv existing laws, as modified by this act, shall | U.fited States shall extend to all cases, tC( l States, and all such processes awarded, remain and continue to be collected. And in law or equity, arising under the rove- 88 if certified copies of such records and pro- froin and after the day last aforesaid, all du-1 nue laws of the United States, for which other cccdmgshad been regularly before the said ties u(H)ii imports sli il> be collected in ready provisio.is are .o; already made by law ; and court. money ; and all credits now allowed by law, if any person shall receive any injury to his | Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That in the payment of duties, shall be, and here- person or property for or on account of any whenever the President of the United States by are abolished ; and such duties shall be act by him done, under any law of the United sh.dl be officially informed, by the authorities I laid lor the purpose of raising such revenue States, for the protection of the revenue or of any state, or by the judge of any circuit or as may be necessary to an economical ad- the collection of duties on imports, lie shall be district court of the United States in the state, l ministration of the Government and from | entitled to maintain suit for damage thereof in that, within the limits of such State, any law agement of tiie cultivation of the vine and ol ive,” approved 19th Feb. 1831. An act for the purchase of certain copies of Watterson and Vanzandt’s Statistical Ta bles, and to authorise a subscription for the continuation of the same. An act to secure to mechanics and others payment for labour Hone, and materials fur nished in the erection of buildings in the Dis trict of Columbia. An act for the construction of a road from the Mississippi river to William Strong’s on the St. Francis, in the Territory of Arkansas. An act for making appropriations, in part for the support of government for the year 1832, and for certain expenditures of the year 1832. An act in addition to the act for the grad and after the day last aforesaid, the duties re- the circuit court of the United States in the or laws of the United States, or the execution ual improvement of the navy of the United Icuhvu to be paid h. law on goods, wares and j district wherein the party doing the injury thereof, Or of any process from the courts of merchandise, shall b; assessed upon the val-1 may reside, or shall be f< und. And all pro Ec thereof at the port where the same slndl be perty taken or detained by any officer or oth- entered, under such regulations as shall lie I er person under authority of any revenue law prescribed by law, I of the United States,shall be irrepleviable, and Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That in shall be deemed to be in the custody of the addition to the articles now exempted by the law, and subject only to the orders and de- act ot the fourteenth of July, o ae thousand I crees of the courts of the United States hav- cight hundred and thirty two, aqd the existing J ing jurisdiction thereof. And if any person the United States, is obstructed by the em ployment of military force or by any other unlawful means, too great to be overcome by the ordinary course of judicial proceeding, or by the powers vested in the marshal by ex isting laws, it shall be lawful for him, the President of the United States, forthwith to issue his proclamation, declaring such fact or laws, from the payment of duties, the follow, sh ill dispossess or rescue, or attempt to dis- i information, uud requiring all such military ing articles imported from and after the thirty possess or rescue, any property so taken or 1 and other force forthwith to disperse; and if first day ot December, o ic thousand eight detained .is aforesaid, or shall aid or assist | at any time after issuing such proclamation, hundred and thirty three, and until the' thirti- therein, such person shaft be deemed guilty of : any such opposition or obstruction shall be cthday ot June,one thousand eight hundred and I a misdemeanor, md shall be liable to such j made, in the manner or by the means afore- fort. two sha also he admitted to entry, free punishment as is provided by the twenty-sec- said, the President shall be, and hereby is, from dui to . t-bleached md unbleached ond section of the act for the punishment of authorized, promptly to employ such means linens, table Uaen, linen napkins, and linen | certain crimes against the U aited States, ap- to execute the same,and to cause the said laws camlwicks, and worsted stuff goods, shawls, proved the thirtieth day of April, anno Domini or process to be duly executed, us are author- ana other manufactures oi silk and worsted, one thousand seven hundred and ninety, for ized and provided in the cases therein men- the wilful obstruction or resistance of officers tioned by the act of the twenty-eiguth of Feb- in the service of process. j ruary, one thousand seven hundred and nine- Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That; ty-five, entitled “ An act to provide lor call- in any case where suit or prosecution shall ; ing forth the militia to execute the laws of be commenced in a court of any State against I the Union, suppress insurrections, repel inva. any officer of the United States, or other per- sions, and to repeal the act now in force for son, for or on account of any act done ! that purpose;” and also, by the act of the third under the'revenue laws of the United States, or J of March, one thousand eight hundred and undercolor thereof or for or on account of any I seven, entitled “ An act authorizing the em- right, authority, or title, set up or claimed by ! ployment of the land and naval forces of the such officer, or other person, u.ider any such j United State in cases of insurrection.” law of the United States, it shall be lawful for I Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That in manufrcturcs of silk, or of which silk shall be the component material of chief value, coming from til’s side of the Cape of Good Hope, ex- | cept sewing silk. Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That, [from and after the said thirtieth day of June, loni thousand eight hundred and forty two, the I following articles shall be admitted to entry Jfrec from duty, to wit: indigo, quicksilver, flsulpliur, crude saltpetre, grindstones, refined ibor;,\, emery, opium, tin in plates and sheets, leuni arabic,gum Senegal,lac dye,madder, mad. States. An act malting appropriations for carry- ing on the fortifications of the United States during the year 1833. An act amendatory to an act, entitled an act for the relief of Robert C. Jennings, and of the executors of James Roddy, deceased. An act making appropriations for the Indi an department for the year 1833. An act for the further improvement of Penn sylvania Avenue. An act to authorise the laying out and con structing a road from Line creek to the Chat- tahooclue, and for repairing the road oh which the idail is now transported. An act for the payment of horses and arms lost in the military service of the United States against the Indians on the frontiers of Illinois and the Michigan territory. An act to change the names of William B. Finch, and Elizabeth B. Finch, to that of William Compton Bolton and Elizabeth Bol ton. An act to amend an act entitled “an act to grant a quantity of laud to the State of Illin ois, for the purpose’of aiding in opening a ca nal to connect the waters of Illinois river with those of Lake Michigan, and to allow further time to the State of Ohio for commen cing the Miami Canal from Dayton to Lake Erie. An act prescribing the mode by which pa tents for public lands shall bo signed and exe cuted. An act to authorise the President of the U. States to cause the public surveys to be con nected with the line of demarcation between the State of Indiana and Illinois. A,n act to explain and amend the 17th and 18th sections of “an act to alter and amend the several acts imposing duties on imports,” approved 14th July, 1832. ' ■ An act to incorporate the Georgetown Free School and Orphan Asylum, in the District of Columbia. An act to improve* the navigation of the Potomac river between Georgetown and Al exandria, and for other purposes. An act suplementul to “an act for the re lief of Alexander Claxton,” passed on tiie 28th day of May, 1830. An act further to extend the powers ofthc board of Canal Commissioners for the im provement of the Tennessee River, in * the State of Alabama. An act making provision for the publication of the Documentary History of the-Am ;ric.u» Revolution. An act furt er to provide for the collection of duties o,. imports. [This is what has been called “ the Revenue Collection Bid.”] An act to revive the act entitled “ an act suplemcntary to the several laws for the sale of public lands.” An act declaring the assent of Congress to an act of the General Assembly of the State of Virginia, hereinafter recited. An act for improving the navigation of cer tain rivero in the Territories of Florida aid Michigan and for surveys, and for other pur poses. An act establishing a part of entry and de- livery at the village of Fall River, in Massa chusetts, and discontinuing the office at Deigh- ton. An act making .appropriations to carry into effect certain Indian treaties, and for other purposes, for the year 1833. An act to create sundry new land offices and to .dter the boundaries of other land offi ces of the U. Suites. An act making appropriations for Indian annuities and other similar objects for the year 1833. An act further to extend the time for enters ing certain donation claims to land in the Ter ritory of Arkansas. An ac' to modify the act of the 14th- July, 1832, .md all other acts imposing duties oa imports. [This is Mr. Clay’s bill.] An act making appropriations for the revo lutionary and other pensioners of the U States, for the year 1833. An act for the more perfect defence of the frontiers. An act granting certain city lots to the Pre- Col- lege, ia the District of Columbia. An act supplemental to the act entitled “ an act for the final adjustment of land claims in Missouri.” An act to authorise the legislature of the State of Ohio to sell the land reserved for the .support of reli iou, in the Oliio Compa ny’s and John Cloves Symines’s purchase. An act making appropriations for the naval service for the year 1833. An act making appropriations for the erec. tion of certain fortifications. An act in relation to the Potomac Bridge. An act making appropri itions for the civil and diplomatic expenses of Government for the year 1833. An act to amend an act, entitled “ an act suplementury to the act for the relief of Cer tain surviving officers and soldiers of the rev olution.” An ac* authorizing the removal of the of fice of Surveyor General of Public Lauds south of Tennessee. An act making appropriation for the sup port of the anny lor the year 1833. An act supplementary to an act eutitled “ an act concerning' a Seminary of learning in the Territory of Arkansas,” approVed 2d March, 1827. An act to authorize the issuing of a patent or patents to Samuel H. 11. i An act in additio to, and in alteration of j an act entitled « an act vesting in the Copora- tion of the City of Washington all the rights ofthc Washington Canal Company, and for other purposes. An act to authorize the President of the United States to exchange certain lands be longing to the Navy Yard at Brooklyn for other lands contiguous thereto. An act making appropriations for carrying on certain works heretofore commenced for the improvement of Harbors and Rivers, and also for continuing and repairing tho Cumber, land Road, and certain Territorial Roads. An act to establish a town at St. Marks, in’ Florida. An act making appropriations for the Pub lic Buidiogs and for other purposes. An act authorizing an alteration in the elec* tion districts for members of the Legislative Council of the Territory of Micliigan. An act prolonging the second session of the 5th Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan. . An act to authorize the Governor of the Territory' of Arkansas to sell the land grant ed to the siid Territory by an act of Con gress approved the 15th June, 1832, and for Other purposes. < An act to carry into effect the Convention between the United States and his Majesty the King of the Two Sicilies, concluded- at Naples t il the 14 h day of October, 1832. An icttoext n the prev. sions of the rt oi’t'ie 3d of March, 1897, entitled an “act o prevent s -t !cm uts being made on lands c ded to the U S ates, until authorized bv law.”' An act to explain and ameud the act to - ter and amend the several acts imposing dn. ties on imports, passed July 14,1832, so f. r as relates to hardware, and certain mttnufa". tures of copper and brass, and otli’cr arti cles. An act for the relief of the widows ;md» or phans of the officers and seamen win r, lost in the United States sclir. the S RESOLUTIONS. A resolution in relation to the e:-:-; - - the act supplementary to the act for of certain surviving officers and sol ■ ■ Revolution. A resolution to place thirty copie diplomatic Correspondence of th r volution at the disposal of 8 - ' State. A resolution for the relief o :<•? . ers of vessels sunk for the defence i uore. Resolution authorizing the deliver, of tain papers in the department ot Stat.- to c Comraissio era for settling claims under v, treaty with France, of the 2d February, 1832. Resolution providing for the continuation .of Gales &Se ton’s Compilation of St-.to ; pers. Resolution authorizing the Secretary of War to correct certain mistakes. SPEECH OF MR. RIVES, OF VIRGINIA, In the Senate of the United States, Feb. 14, On the Bill j urthcr to provide for the. Collection of Duties on Imports. * Mr. President—Stranger as I am in this body, and now almost a stranger in my o\\ < country, though in spirit and affection item r separated from it, I feel that f owe an apolo gy to the Senate, for obtruding myself at all upon its attention. Sir, I do it with great re luctance, and with a deep sense of the disad vantages under which I labor. Most of the questions involved in the discussio.. of the bill now under corisi ier.-tion, have sprung up during the period of my absence from the ^country, and the Si.ort interval which 1ms elapsed since mv return, has uffor >-d tne nei ther the time nor the opportunity for a detail ed examination of them. 1' bri:u to them, thereiore, no other resources ot argument or illustration, than those settled principles and fundamental notions which are rooted m the mind of every American ciiizcn, in regard to -the constitution of his country. Sir, the questions now to be settled arc of the deepest import to the destinies of this coun try. They touch not the construction of this or that clause of the Constitution only. They go to the whole frame and structure of the Government, and the Vital principle of its ex istence. Sir, I should be recreant to my du ty on this floor as the representative of a State, which, under Providence, had the chief agency in the establishme t of this happy sys tem ofGovenunentjif 1 did not at tempt,however feeble, the expression of my views oa such an occasion. I am impelled to this expression, Mr. Pres, ident, by aaottter consideration. It is my mistbrt ii.e to differ from my worthy and hon orable colleague, as well as from other hon orable Senators comini from the same quar ter of the Union .is myself, in several of the views I have tokeu of this subject. It is due to them as well as to myself, -and those whom we represent, that the ’ grounds of this differ ence of opinion should be stated and expl ail ed. And, in order to preclude all misappre hension, I beg leave to say, in tiie oatset, that no one is, or inis been, more thoroughly op posed to that whole system of policy usually denominated the American system, than I have been, and still am. My voice, Sir, has been often and strenuously, however ineffect ually, raised against it in another division of this capitol. I consider it unjust in principle, inexpedient in practice, oppressive and une qual in its operation—in snort, an abuse of power contrary to tho true genius ot our insti tutions. But, Sir, what is entitled to far more con-' sideratio , the State which I have the honor in part to represent, has repeatedly and strong ly protested against this system; and it is but yesterday that her Legislature earnestly re newed herappeal to-the councils of the Nation so to modify the system, as to remove the just causes of complaint which had arisen against it. Sir, tins appeal, and similar ap peals which have emanated from the Legis latures of other states, fortified by all those high considerations of patriotism, policy, and justice, which the crisis .suggests, cannot fail to have their proper effect. There is eveiy reason to believe that tins distracting question will be settled, and speedily and satisfactorily settled, as it ought to be. But uotwitastand-^ ing these grounds of hope, one of the states of the Union has rashly undertaken to redress her griefs by a ior.uai abrogation of the laws of tiie United States witiiin her limits. She has decl .red the whole senes of revenue laws, irom the origin of the <iov .(roment to the pre sent day, to be null and void; has prohibited their execution within her borders, under high penalties, and has or' .Lied various other measures, with the express view of defeating and arresting their operation. In this state of things we are called upon to say if the Government of the United State# shall acquiesce in this open defiance and vfo- lation of -the laws of the Union, without tak-