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the Legislature determined by a combination of pe
cuniary and personal burdens borne in the several
parts of the State ? .
4. What portion of the Slave interest enters into,
or is considered as adding to the quantum of repre
sentation.
In this State cities have no additional representa
tion on account of their wealth. The Senate is com
posed of one mcmlier from each county j and the
House of Representatives is apportioned according to
a scale of population in which is included three
fifths of the blacks.
The principle of taxation and representation, it is
true, is recognized, but the latter is not increased or
diminished by the amount of the former, except in
qo far as the blacks may bo considered as a part of
the wealth of the State entitled to Representation.
The Senate may lie considered as exercising an in
fluence wholly territorial, as the poorest county,
some not contributing in taxation enough to defray
tlie ex ense of their delegates, are yet entitled to one
Sen torj and the richest county to >ut the same
Chatham county, in which Savannah is situated, and
paying perhaps flic one fourth part of the whole
amount of the tax of Iho State, has but one Senator.
To the arguments of those who contend that com
mercial and wealthy cities ought to have some addi-
tional weight in the legislature, it is answered—that
although they pay a 1 ;rge amount to the Treasury,
yet as all taxes are eventually paid by the consumers,
the cities, in fact, only advance the tax and are re
funded. with interest. and profit, in the end; and per
haps t hie. mode of reasoning is sound in its fullest
extent. But ought not burdens resulting from the
taxation of lands, to lie entitled to so uc r presenta
tion ? Governments are instituted for the protection
of persons and pro|>erty, and are supporle I and sus
tained, by personal services, and pecuniary burthens.
Those who are taxed certainly ought to be represen
ted, but shaU he who pays one dollar, and lie who
pays one hundred dollars have the same power in vo
ting and the same representation in the legislature ?
Knowing that a great part of your time and thoughts
have been oevoted to politics, I have taken the liber-
ty of propounding these questions to you, and shall
be obliged if you can conveniently answer them, with
such other observations as you may think proper, as
we are here much engaged in constitution altering,
and I feel disposed to act advisedly upon the subject.
Your friend very truly and respectfully.
Charleston, Dec. lGth, 1823.
My Dear Sir—In reply to your very interesting
enquiries, I have to observe, that it is infinitely more
easy to make you acquainted with what has been
done in this State, than to suggest any principle or
measure which may conduce to the same end in
Georgia. The Science of the Politician differs es-
the consolation of knowing, that, in a good cause we
have, regardless of consequences to ourselves, pursu.
cd tlie path of honor and of duty.
Our,wire* and Opponents—When the cloud of
Nullification arose last summer, with portentous
doom, over the hitherto almost unclouded prospects
ofthe republican parly in Georgia, none regretted it
more than we did; for lingering in its train, we saw
discord and confusion approaching our ranks, and in
all human probability, destruction itself to the pros
pects ofthe party. It was attachment to the prin
ciples and interests of the party that quickened our
sensibilities and heightened our fears for the doom
that seemed to await it—we strove to avert it, but
our voices were raised in vain ! We then prepared
our.-olves to meet that which wo saw to be inevitable
—we braced up our nerves, and making principle the
buckler of our faith, determined to meet the storm
which wo could not avert; and leave the consequen
ces to '• God and our country.” In thus determin
ing to brave every thing for principle, wc were per
fectly aware of the difficulties with which we would
have to contend—wo knew from the popularity and
high standing of some of those engaged in sowing the
scuds of Nullification, that it would take deep root,
and spring up vigorously ii. the ranks of our party;
and from the known vir-ff’nco which bad cbarictjr-
,|, e progress of tiie doctrine cvc.y where else,
wo anticipated not only opposition from its advocates
in Georgia, hut persecution itself. In this we have not
been disappointed—v. e have cncoun crcd both. For
the last year our little bark has not only Iwen buffet-
led l>y adverse currents, but exposed to a most gal
ling cross fire—from the batteries of ultra nullifica
tion on one side, and the small arms of ultra Clark
federalism on t lie other.
John Randolph of Roanoke thought Lord Wel
lington an impartial statesman because lie received
the violent abuse of both parties in England—how
ever this may lie when applied to Wellington, there
is no doubt that it is, ordinarily, true with regard to
those who labor to do right in times of great political
excitement. The patriot O’Connell is a living mon
ument of its tmt,h—ho is abused by the hi eh tory
party on the one hand, for his zeal in the cause of
free principles, and >-y the ultra disorganizrrs on the
other, for his zeal in putting down rebellion and blood
shed.
These great examples, (and thousands of others in
our own country which might be enumerated) go
to hear us nut in the course we have pursued they jp l0 fi rs t. a measure productive of great good on the
offer to us consolation lor the past, and encourage
ment to persevere in the path of duty, regardless of
persecution on the right hand or abuse on the left.—
the vulgar detractions of a Bartlett or the malignant
aspersions of the quondnm Editor of “ The Milladge-
\iilc Times” Wc beg pardon for mentioning the
name of the first individual—there arc some politi
cians so diseased and putrid—such a mass of gan
grene and corruption, that wc would not, as John
opinions of the people, must depend the wisdom of
any measure to be adopted. It is not to be denied
that the habits and opinions of the people may be
changed, but this should only be done gradually, by
those who administer the government.
The absurdity of resorting to abstract reasoning
and theoretical principles, was never more fully evin.
ced than in the attempt of the celebrated Mr. Locke,
Randolph would say, “touch them with a pair of ; to form a government in his closet in England, for
alone.. Charleston is composed of two election dis
tricts, St. Philip’s and St. Michael’s, or rather of the
whole of St. Michael’s, and a part of St. Philip's—
each of these is entitled to a Senator. From a com
munity of interest, these two districts were early
united, and permitted to vote together for the whole
number of Representatives and Senators to which
the two were entitled—and it is called the election
district of St. Philip’s and St. Michael’s, in the con
stitution and election laws.
This alteration of our constitution, has no other
merit, than that of pacifying the people. The great
majority of them appeared to believe as firmly as
they did their religion, that no government could be
good which was not administered by Representatives,
chosen by the districts in proportion to their popula
tion—as they contended for principle, and not for
the removal of evils under which they had suffered,
the projectors of the alteration adopted, gave it the
colouring of principle, to accommodate it to the taste
of those who were to lie reconciled. Of this a more
minute investigation of the subject will satisfy you.
The principle affected is, that we alt'; should have
one half of the representation in the House of Rep.
resentatives, and population the other half—so that
each should possess the power of self-protection. So
far, however, is this from being true, that it may
safely be affirmed that the majority of the lower dis
tricts which are supposed to be the richest, are in
fact'governed by a population who have little or no
property. For in each district, every free white man
of the age of 21, who is a citizen of the United States,
and has been a resident within the district six months,
is entitled to a vote although he possess no property,
and has paid no tax; and to no more than a vote is
the richest man in the district entitled; and in the
lower district", the majority of voters are generally
destitute of property- The reverse of this, is, I be
lieve true, in the upper and more populous districts
The majority of the voters there, are land-holders,
and therefore pay a tax.
In this picture, we see how variant the practice un
dor a rule may be from its theory. The lower dis
tricts have an increased representation on account of
their wealth, and those who choose the Representa
tives may be almost paupers. In the upper districts
where the representation is the result of population,
those who choose the Representatives are land-hold,
ere. From the foregoing statement, you have no
doubt already perceived that our representation is iu
fact territorial. Each district, as so much territory,
is entitled to so many Representatives. It is true,
that each district is entitled to a representation in
proportion to its population and taxation, but the
population o* each district, without reference to theft
wealth, elect the Representatives.
Such a state of things could only be produced by
accidental circumstances. It has been the effect of
scntially from that of the Mathematician. In the I l° n S established habits, preconceived opinions and
last, what is true at any time, and in any place, is I the spirit of compromise. Such habits and opinions
equally true always and in all places—not 60 with ma y never again be witnessed. From what, there
fore. has been done here, nothing can be deduced,
north of the Hudson, may lie the source of great I hut the propriety of prefering a smaller to a greater
mischiefs on either side of the Savannah. In other evil, and the necessity of consulting not only the best
words, on the established habits, and preconceived ! interests ofthe people, hut their habits and opinions.
principles on which those decisions are predicated ;
as a general ignorance of them would be certain to in
volve them in future difficulties,if not in present ones.;
This much being premised,- we infer that it is the
imperious duty of all those who possess the capabili.
ty, to strive earnestly in the propagation of truth.—
It is equally rational to infer, that he who prostitutes
that capability to mislead the ignorant and establish
error, whatever be his motive, deserves the maledic
tion of all. 4 <
It is necessary also, in the discussion of public
questions, that we carefully discriminate between ar-
gument and vortingling; and only suffer ourselves to
be influenced by the former—for where we act oth
erwise, we only feed prejudices at the expense of
mental improvement. All this, 1 conceive, is strictly
pplicaide to the question before us, viz : shall we
ratify the proceedings of the late Reduction Conven
tion ? or shall we, as the sovereign people, refuse our
assent to it ? ■ ' .
I shall otTer the following propositions, and shall
argue from them as plainly as possible:
1st. The quest’on involves a principle of the great,
ost importance to the political interests of the people
of Georgia.
2d. The plan of reprlscntation adopted by the
convention is utterly incompatible with that grand
conservative principle of our liberties, equal rights.
3d. It not only encourages, but actually institutes
taxation without representation.
If I do not clearly and satisfactorily prove these
propositions to be essentially true, I freely confess
that I an alike ignorant of the force of facts, and na
ture of argument. Previous to taking them up reg
ularly, however, I beg leave to animadvert briefly on
Singular Accident.—As the Augusta stage was Woiohioc! „
crossing Little River on Sunday afternoon, 7th inst. . ** •»© 1 J 4 y^
on a bridge without railing, one of the leading hor
ses took fright and pushed his fellow leader entirely
off the bridge into the river, a distance of 20 or 25
feet, owing probably to the frigility of the harness,
every thrng winch attached the falling horse to the
stage broke, and thus prevented the whole ofthe pas-
sengers horses 4c. 4c., from being precipitated into
the stream. The driver, Mr. Wells, undauntedly
kept his scat until the reins broke. All credit is dim
to him for his superior management.
[Communicated by a passenger]
MARRIED,
On Thursday Evening the 11th inst. near Wat.
kinsville, Clark county, by Isma W. Wooldridge,Esq.,
Capt. Richard Hughes, to the amiable Miss Mary E.
Daughter of John A. Nunnally, Esq., all of this
county.
In Savannah, on Wednesday evening the lOtli inst.
by the Rev. Mr. Preston, the Hon., John Macfher-
son Berrien, to Eliza Cecil, eldest daughter of Col.
James Hunter.
[communicated.]
Died—On the 12th instant, at her residence near
Athens, Mrs. Cynthia CaRr, consort of Win. A. Carr,
Esq. aged 33 years and 7 months.
In the melancholy event, which this notice an
nounces, a life has been closed, which, in its course,
was as free from the passions and follies ustfaliy
disturbing its current, as any perhaps, of the same
4l ... - , . Tu” T n} 0I l I duration, that has passed across the brief span of
he circumstances which resulted m the calling of time< A „ H some governing motive,
that Convention, and also on the probable motives 80me ^ principle of action, and that which gave
winch influenced a majority of it. direction to the feelings of this amiable lady, vn to
In the course of our governmental operations, it learn t0 C0!ltented under and aU ^ vicissi .
was found that our Legislative Council had become tudes which m is heif tQ< E J ven and nnru{lled .
too large and unwie dy to be efficient It also acted her njild and cond i iating in her manners ,
no •» /rain nn mi r nnhlio trna,.»r<T in t id Dnnctvnnhnn I. ...... °
as a drain on our public treasury, in the consumption
of monies which might have been more usefblly ap
plied. This required reduction.
It was also found that the then existing scheme of |
representation distributed the powers of government
unequally. In other words, the minority governed
the majority. This called for equalization.
To reduce and equalize the representation of the
pious and resigned in her deportment, the surface of
being was to her an unrippled calm^tnd its trials and
troubles were all surmounted almost without an effort.
That gentle and subdued faculty of mind which reg.
ulated her conduct according to the dictates of rea
son, that tender and affectionate sensitiveness of
heart which squared all her actions with the claims
of benevolence, rendered the task of social and rela.
people of Georgia in the State Legislature, was there- tive duty easy> tranqui l and Rightful. In the fond
tongs;” and the Editor of the T-iegraph may from
the fact draw this consolation, that in our remarks
touching the College, Win. H. Crawford and the
Telegraph, no personalities were intended. No—
God forbid ! If wc had been in possession of “a
pair of tongs” that would have reached from this
place to Macon, wr should have shrunk from the use
of them on that occasion.
The slight tap of our “ tail,” which seems to have
disconcerted this editor so much, was aimed at the
vehicle which contained the calumny against the
College—not its freighter. We wished to destroy
the. contagion which it threatened to spread among
the people—wc certainly never should have attempt
ed, even with our leviathan “ tail,” a matter so ut
terly preposterous as the correction of the corrupt
mass from which it sprang. And having, as wc be
lieve, counteracted in some degree, 1he moral chole
ra attempted to he spread hy the Telegraph among
the people of South Carolina, whom he did not know,
for lie had never seen them. The attempt was ab
ortive ; or at most, only productive of an example to
ioe avoided. 1 know of but one unvarying truth in
politics, “ that the happiness of the people should be
the sole object of the government.” There is a sec
ond like unto it, but 1 regret to think that great and
good men have thought it more flexible than the
first, viz : “ that no end, however good, should justify
the employment of a means in itself immoral.”—
With the’ public good as a guide, and,an enlightened
moral sense as a guard, it will not lie difficult to dis
cover the means most proper to eradicate or allevi
ate an admitted evil. The cause being ascertained,
the habits and opinions of the people as connected
with that cause, must be consulted. A political evil
of any magnitude is, however, seldom the effect of a
simple cause : where it is so, but little sagacity is ne
cessary to its discovery, and as little resolution to its
removal. For w.hat is easily discovered, is generally
understood, and what is gcncrdly un ierstood to be
an evil, all are disposed to remove. There are. how
ever, very many evils, uot so easily to be traced to
It is probable that a particular interest would lie
better guarded by giving to it a greater’ representa
tion. It is however extremely difficult to secure to
a particular interest, any representation that may lie
allotted to it. The Universities and rotten Boroughs
in England, are perhaps as well secured as they can
lie in a representative government. Such a system,
however, would be impracticable here. In England
commerce and manufactures are well protected; not
however, by their immediate, direct representatives;
but from the universal persuasion, that in them, all
are deeply interested. Were Charleston and Savan
nah more fully represented in the Legislature, I
should doubt much if their commercial interests
would be more advanced. I should say from my
own experience, that Charleston lias not been bene
fited by having 16 members in the Legislature.—
They have for twenty years past, almost invariably
neutralized each other by divisions—divisions which
could in many instances be traced to the incongru
ous materials of which the different majorities were
composed, and which were made up to carry a par
ticular ticket.
Of Savannah I cannot speak with any confidence;
I suspect, however, her present embarrassments may
be traced to legislative interference, prompted by
her own Representatives.
For these evils I believe there can be but one cure.
The people must be enlightened—Schools and Col.
leges must i»c established, and munificently fostered.
As auxili ry lo this plan, 1 would earnestly press
upon the people the necessity of prefering intelligent
fore the object for which the Convention was called.
As this seemed to be a matter of common and uni.
versal interest and importance, the citizens of our
State looked confidently forward to the great good
which they had a right to expect would result from
this combination of wisdom and power. The mem
bers of that Convention were recommended, nay, en
treated to lay aside all party prejudices, and political
feuds, at least for the time being, and honestly enter
into the work for which they were convened. But
mark the result. Hardly had they taken their seats,
before that arch disturber of our country’s peace, par.
ty spirit, stalked in to sow the seeds of discord.—
From the result of their deliberations, it seems as if
their sole purpose was to widen that breach in our
political rampart, which partyism had already done
so much to effect. Is it not recognized as axiomatic
in politics, that when a Representative of a people
fails to faithfully represent them and those inter
ests committed to his keeping—when lie declares by i where her Maker’s glory is hymned in one unbro-
his official acts, that ho has dissolved all those ties, 1 ^ en sonfy 0 f j 0 y #
political and moral, which connected him with them, She £ aa j e ft a disconsolate husband, four young
they (his constituents) cannot be considered as under l and tender children and an aged mother, who, in this
any obligation whatever, to ratify and receive as val- afflictcd bereavement, has outlived her last hope, to
id, those official acts ? I believe it is, and I hope to I mourn over a calamity which can only be repaid by
show in the sequel, that a number of the delegates of the 8dU10 str oke that has inflicted their present an
the late Convention cannot rationally expect their | gushing separation.
When soon or late they reach that coast,
O’er life’s rough Ocean driven,
Oh, may they meet, no wand’rcr lost, "
A family in Heaven.”
Died—In Savannah, on the morning of the 4th
inst. Mrs. Mary Martha Neufville, consort of Rev.
Edward F. Neufville, and daughter of Win. B..
constituents to ratify their-proceedings.
We shall now take up the first proposition, which
“ That the question involves principles of the
greatest importance to the political interests ofthe
people of Georgia.”
And first, the plan proposed, tends to the destruc
tion of a principle, an adherence to which, has alone
enabled us to maintain a respectable and somewhat
independent stand in the general Congress of the I Bulloch, Esq. aged 24 years and 28 days.
United States—and that is tho Federal Basis of rep.
resentation. There is at this time, we all know, con
siderable excitement manifested throughout most of
tho Northern States in relation to our slave popula.
tion and representation. Indeed, there has always
been an unwillingness on their part to admit the prin-, . . . .
ciple, from the first organization of our government. I no ' v ln ^ lls P^ ace > an< ^ ° ^ ers lls sprviccs
And as their political interests have ever been in to the citizens of Athens, and its vicinity. '
the people, wo will leave the source of it where their causes—and there arc some, only such, because I and roor:i l candidates, though diffident, to such as
we found him—alone in his glory.
Murder—Mr. Patton, a merchant of Abbeville,
South Carolina, anil the son of James Patton, Esq. of
Ashvillo, N.C., was murdered a short time since, on
Cumberland Mountain, Tennessee, it is supposed by
a man named Dooly, with whom he accidentally fell
in company when travelling. Ilis body was discovered
l>y some young men who were attracted to the spot
by buzzards hovering over it. Dooly was apprehen
ded with the horse of the deceased in his possession
and committed to Jasper County Jail. Plunder it is
thought was the object of tho murderer in commit,
ting this dreadful deed.
j they are supposed to be evils. Of this last, .South
j Carolina has once furnished a remarkable instance.
Anterior to the alteration of h;'r constitution in 1808,
her representation was territori il and arbitrary.—
E..ch election District or Parish, had a Senator and
three Representatives; and these Districts or Par
ishes differed as widely in popula! ion and wealth, as
could ho well imagined. Her course of policy was,
however, wise and just, and no other complaint was
are only distinguished by heartless and impracticable
promises. In this country we have no political
corps from which our Representatives are to be tak
en ; the consequence is and must be, that no Repre
sentative is at first qualified for his station. The on
ly immediate remedy or rather palliative for tliis, is,
to continue tiie samo Representative as long as possi
ble, unless he be corrupt or cgrcgiously defective.—
It requires much time and observation to understand
Par Sale,
A GENERAL Assortment of IRON on consign-
taB- ment, at seven cents per pound.
July 20.—16tf.
FINNY MOORE.
heard, but that the representation was unequal. But thc various looal interests of a large and extended
to so great a length was this complaint carried, as to I community—and much more to acquire thc practical
render probable a revolution, in which the complaining I a droitncss necessary to thc management of each, so
upper districts must hnvo been successful, as they far 1 as *° promote the good of all. I have found it gen-
outnumbered in population, (though very small in re- erall y ,norc difficult to convince the agricultural part
presentation) the lower districts ofthe State. To avoid of t,,e community of their interest in the cncourags-
tliis ultima ratio, the lower districts consented to an lncnt Commerce, than commercial men rtf their in-
altcration ; but it may safely bo affirmed, that the tcrest in thc prosperity of Agriculture. Merchants
Forcien News.—The late arrivals from Europe . course of policy has been the same under the new or- I are more exclusively devoted to their own interests
furnish but little news of interest. dcr of things, as it was before. This was entirely a I than Farmers. They must therefore more generally
The proposition to reduce thc duties on Cotton has ' C0 I " te 1 st “l*®* an ? hetract Principle. The mode in understand them. It will be long, I fear, before tho
«. * ._ rn .. , . , . which this alteration \v:ts ejected, it is not necessa- legislature ot feoiitn Carolina or Georgia, will be in-
passed both Houses of Parliament, and received tho ^ particularly to describe. It will be sufficient to <5ucetJ t0 foster Charleston or Savannah with tho at-
Royal signal are. I observe, that after a contest of several years, in I tent ion and encouragement they respectively deserve
Edmund Kean, thc celebrated Dramatist, died at which the lower country contended that property Unfortunately they are not only neglected by their
his residence at Richmond, near London, about thc should be the basis of representation, inasmuch as pro- State Governments, but they are oppressed by the
«... _p i perty could not protect itself, am! that those on whom I General Government. The revenue collected in
it would confer power for its protection, would them-1 cac h, is expended elsewhere—which in Charleston
selves lie as much interested in the protection of life I amounts to §6 or 700,000 a year. A naval or mili-
and liberty, as those who had not projieriy—and the I ^ ar 7 depot established in either place, where the du-
upper country contending that'life and liberty are of I t | es collected in each may be expended, would mate-
so much more value than property, that it ought not 1 r *' l "y advance both.
to be regarded in representation. They ultimately To the effects of this operation, however, our pco-
agrecd to a compromise, which lias certainly made ns I P^® here appear indifferent. I almost doubt if it be
a more united people, if it has produced no other I understood—and if not understood here, I can see no
good. The compromise was supposed to bo between I S°°d cause for expecting that it will soon he under-
the two principles contended for—population and I R tood at Columbia, or attended to at Washington.—
wealth. In the House of Representatives, consisting I "^e U. S. Government having tho general superin-
strict accordance with their practical interests, we
hold it rational to infer that the main ground of ob
jection exists in the fact, that the Southern slave-
holding States have a representation of seventeen
members for thc slave population within their limits,
more than they would otherwise have. As the mat
ter now stands, with tho advantage of a slave repre
sentation in Congress, it has been with much difficul-
ty that the South has been able to overrule to some
extent, the encroaching and unjust principles of Leg-
islation ofthe North. Take away this constitutional
privilege, and we should be powerless. Let it be
borne in mind too, that the members who represent .
the slave population of our Sta.e, are, and always -“.Inferior Court of Clark county, when sitting for
must be, of the same advantage to those citizens who ° rd »nary purposes, will be sold at the Court House in
hold no slaves, as they arc to those who hold ever so town Watkinsville, on the first Tuesday in
many. To illustrate this: If every slave in Georgia °® tober ncxt * a Tract of now in tho possession
was owned by one man under the present system, it | of Mra ’ Duke > adjoining Hightower and others—
first of June.
To the Editors of the Southern Banner.
Gentlemen :—At a time when the public mind is
agitated by a great political question, touching the
fundamental principles upon which the State govern
ment is founded ; an enlightened decision can only
be the result of the proper and patriotic exercise of a
well informed judgment upon it. The great body
of tiie people are virtuous, and disposed to do right;
but their loaders are frequently stilish and corrupt:
they deceive and mislead, where it is their duty to in. of!24 memberSi ^ are llUo ; t , d to t!Utat j on , and6 a j tendance of commerce, will necessarily withhold the
* j '*! . corrro • . r»m° o y e r v in? o or- to pop^^Qu— mc dj uni taxation of 10 years, is I attent ion ofthe State Governments, in a great mcas-
, i* *? lr ”" n Vlc '' s " 1 0,1 , ' ^ .,, C ascertained from the Comptroller’s reports ofthe an. I ,lrc > ft° ,n i ,s peculiar interests. In addition to this,
public advantage-a temporary benefit results to the , nuaJ t:lXCS id , ejch d [ strict> : , nd \ hf . ccn8IIS tak . it is not to be denied, that the greater attractions of
t a destroying principle is engraft- cn , vcry 10 furnis!lcs the IK)pu i, uio „. If for *»«> General Government have (and probablv will for
miseries on” c ™ Mit, ' utlon ’ cnt.ulmlI with a!l its example, the medium of taxation is 62,000, 1000 is many years to come) withdrawn from the State Gov-
* . P®. 1 }, tlM! people and their posterity. Lot: the un ; t which fumiahes a representative for taxa- emments, tiie men of most talents in every State,
those who w,U not . , t u h °/„!. I i 8 ’ |. tioa ’ And ifthe population be 186,000, 3000 is the |.^ch therefore cannot bo expected from the State
ovemments, until we so abound in distinguished
HMuimmnnH its hi, u _T ‘ ! pay luxes, ana nas a | mcn M to kavc more than are sufficient for the pur-
IV These reflcetionsnreeei t ° anh0n j St ™1 PoH 31 * 0 ” o^OOO, it is entitled to two Rcpresenta- I P 05 * 8 of the General Government. A devoted at-
. y ’ P cede a correspondence which tivcgi aud 80 on ; n proportion. To this general rale tention to our Schools and Colleges, will soon pro-
there is an exception. Each election district, how- duce tk c excess necessary to the adoption of a wise
ever small’its population or taxes, is entitled to a I State policy; and the only fear I entertain, is, that
Representative. This was necessary to reconcile before this wished for period shall have arrived, com-
the smaller districts to the alteration, and appears in j rnorcc may have found other channels, from which
its operation to produce no bad effect. I it may not lie wise, if possible, to dislodge it.
It is here to be observed that the taxes on lands I . ® nd » m y dear sir, I have travelled far beyond the
are increased in proportion to their vicinity to Charles-1 bmits by which I originally intended to be confined
ton ; so that land in the upper countiy. pays much I I have no other apology to offer, than a desire to com.
less in proportion to its real value, than land in the j Pv your wishes. That I have been able to com.
lower country. This inequalty of taxation, has giv. j mun *cate nothing deserving your attention, I have
en a corresponding increase of representation to the I to re £ ret n °t only on your account, but on account of
is offered to the public notioe upon the subject. It is
several years since it took place, and had no reference
to tho present state of things. Something may be gain
ed from it, and an attentive perusal of it, will not ho
thrown away upon those who are anxious to scon the
opinions of impartial persons upona topic of such deep
and absorb : "g interest to those who are now called
upon to vote upon tho proposed amendments to the
Constitution. CLINTON.
Copy of a letter from a gentleman in Savannah, to
his friend in Charleston.
Dear Sir >—I am anxious to know by what rule
the representation in the Legislature of South Car
olina was regulated and ascertained. It strikes me
that some alteration took place in that regard some
years since, and that it was quite satisfactory.
1. Was Territory considered in the Constitution of
the Senate an entitled to representation in proportion
to its extent ?
2. Did Charleston have any extra representation
.on account of her wealth?
City and its neighborhood ; and this increase of rep-
resentation has reconciled the people of the lower
country to unequal taxes. The upper districts are
also satisfied to regard a smaller tax, as an equivalent
for a greater representation.
In the Senate each election district, however small
or large, rich or poor, is entitled to a member. In
consequence, however, of the lower being much
smaller than the upper districts, tho City and the
neighboring districts, have a much larger representa.
tion in the Senate, than they would have had upon
3. Was tho representation in the popular branch of any principle suggested, excepting t]gt of wealth
Your obedient servant.
K»a THE SOUTHERN BANNER.
TO “THE PEOPLE”
In the progress of every government of a demo-
fcratic character, principles are frequently involved,
a correct apprehension of which', is necessary for the
P r ^?^ at,on and perpetuity of primary political
In our Government, where all questions of impor
tance, are either directly or indirectly, decided by the
people, it behooves them to understand clearly the
connexion of child, the fonder relation of Mother
and the still dearer tic of wife, all that was asked was
cheerfully yielded, and all that was due was more
than performed. Now that she is no more, these
truths will be seen and felt with keen and redoubled
anguish, and will often wring the repentant confess
ion that their frequency and familiarity had blunted
the finer edge of their soothing effect. As a mistress
and a neighbor, tho place that knows her no more,
will appear to the beneficiaries of her indulgence and
oft repeated kindness, as a green spot that has been
scathed and blighted by tho blasts of heaven. As
the member of a Christian church, who faithfully en
dured her cross to the end, she will be missed from
the altar of communion, and long regretted ;but these
regrets will be more than mitigated, by the pleasing
recollection that she has gone from a scene of cease
less temptation, from a shrine of interrupted praise,
from a sanctuary of distracted devotion, to a Temple
B B. LORD haa j ng t rc.
• ceived from New York,
and w now „ opening at his old
stand in this place, a Splendid
and Fashionable Assortment of
fPatches,
Jewelry, Cutlery,
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS,
Plated and Sirittania Ware,
Perfumer}’, &c.
AMONG WHICH ARE—
Indies’ and Gentlemen’s Gold Lever and I/Epinu
WATCHES; Silver Lever, L’Epine and common
do.; Ladies’ and Gentlemen’s Ear and FingeT Rings,
and Breast Pins of a great and beautiful variety ;,
Rodgers’ fine Pen Knivos; Wade 4 Butcher’s, and
Rogers’ Razors; a Kent Bugle, Clarionets,' Flutes,
Flageolets and Violins; Wilkin"Canes ; Mathemat
ical Instruments; Salta of Vinegar (a now .article) ;
Silver Table and Tea Spoons; Chess Men; Opera
Glasses ; Pistols, 4c. 4c.
ID* Clock and Watch Repairing attended to as
usual.
Athens, July 13—17tf.
UNITED STATES HOTEL,
AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.
T HE Undersigned, grateful for tho patronage
that has been extended to him- since he has had
the management cf the above Establishment, respect-
fully informs his friends and the public generally,
that the HOTEL is now open, and will continuo so
during thc summer and at all times and all seasons,
and pledges himself that his exertions shall bo to
render the accommodations of this Establishment
inferior to none iu the city.
The stables arc amply supplied with an abundance
of good provender, and under the management of a
careful and experienced Ostler.
JOHN R. ANDERSON.
June 24—15—4t.
^IIE Firm of SCHOONMAKER 4 WHITING,
was dissolved by mutual consent on the 20th
April last. All persons having demands against the
firm, and all those indebted, will call on L. Schoon-
maker for settlement, who is alone authorised to set
tle the same.
LOD. SCHOONMAKER,
WILLARD WHITING.
July 13—17—4t.
K. Ei. MARTIN,
Dentist,
(K!?“ He muv be found at Jackson’s Hotel.
July 20—-18tf.
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
AGREEABLY to an order of the Honorable the
would not alter tho case in regard to the number of Sold as the property of Beverly A. Duke deceased,
1 for thc benefit of tho heirs and creditors of said de.
ceased. WM. STROUD, Adm’r.
July 20—18—tds.
Notice.
rgNIIE Subscribers have during the last week re-
-fi- ceivcd a fresh supply of
New and Fashionable Goods
From New York, suited to the Season : among them
are a few elegant pieces of
SUS/TANA,
Bonnet and Belt Ribbons,
Ladies' Berlin hats, v
“ Tuscan Straw, do.
“ Satin, do. do.
“ Open Work, do.
ALSO,
Shoes and BootSo
t. & j. cunnlngham & co.
Athens, July 13—17—4t.
P&r Sale,
A BAROUCHE and Double Harness, low for
A Cash. Apply to L. SCHOONMAKER.
Athens, July 13—I7tf.
CAS8VILLE HOTEL.
FijlHE Subscriber respectfully informs his friends *
*3- and thc Public in general, that ho is now open
ing a House of Entertainment in Cassville, Cass coun
ty, where, from his knowledge of business, he hopes
to share a reasonable portion of their patronage.
MALACIII JONES.
July 9—17—3t. . ’
Representatives we should send to Congress; and yet
wcnll know that that one man would have only equal
power at tho ballot box with him whoso home was a
hut on tho mountain, and whose subsistence was
gained by personal labor and toil.
Are we prepared then, for tho mere gratification of |
our party prejudices, to sacrifice this principle on
which our political importance and respectability de
pends for support ? I trust we are not.
By ratifying the plan proposed by thc Convention,
we utterly subvert the operation of this principle in
onr own State. Does not every man of ordinaiy ca
pacity know, that it will not do to adopt or ratify any
principle of a general nature in government, unless
that principle in its ultimate details, will be in no wise
inimical to those principles which are already in op
eration, and recognized as just ? Extend this prin.
ciple of the Convention which conflicts with the fed
eral basis of representation, and wc shall soon see
that we have given a stick to our adversaries, with
which to break our own heads : for if we ratify the
plan of the Convention, and expunge the custom or
right of slave representation in our State legisla
tures, it would certainly be unjust and glaringly
inconsistent, to claim the privilege and advantage of I
representing them in the Congress of the United
States. And, fellow citizens, this argument would be
as inveterately and continually urged upon ns as the
stings of a guilty conscience, if ever tho right of
slave representation was made a matter of legislation , eecond Mmd in Nove mber next
by tho General Government. Therefore it will not Th(J Board £ Trastees of tho institution appointed
do to ratify the plan proposed by the Convention, j fay tfae Legitims, consists of the following mom-
Icriical College of Georgia.
T HE LECTURES in this Institution, situated at
Augusta, will commence on the third Monday,
(the 21sr; of next October, and continue for six
months.
The Professors are;
L. A. Dugas, M. D.—Of Anatomy ahd Physiology.
Jos. A. Eve, M. D.—Therapeutics and Materia Me-
dica.
L. D. Ford, M. D—Chemistry and Pharmacy.
M. Antony, M. D.—Obstetrics and Diseases of Wo.
men and Children. 4
A. Cunningham, M. D—Institutes and Practice of
Mct-icine.
Paul F. Eve, M. D.—Institutes and Practice of Sur.
gcry.
And George M. Newton, M. D—Prosector and De
monstrator of Anatomy.
In addition to the above, Clinical Lectures will be
delivered in tho City Hospital, end every facility af.
forded thc student for practical experience.
The fees aic, for the six Tickets $100
Graduation, - - $1(1-
Matrieul’tion, - - $5 ^
Good Board, with Lodging, may be obtained at
$13 per month.
For particulars see Circular issued in June.
AUGUSTUS B. LONGSTREET,
President of Board of Trustees.
L. D. Ford, Secretary.
Augusta, July 13—17—4t.
A List of Letters
Remaining in the Post irjjicc at Watkinsville,
Ga. on the 1st of July, 1833.
Shcrod Grenet, 2,
Thomas Gordon,
John Hinesly,
Eleasur Hamilton,
Hose-i Haile,
Daniel Ingles,
Samuel Klutts,
Martha Kelly,
THE LECTURES
O F THE MEDICAL COLLEGE ofthe State
of South Carolina, will bo commenced on the
bers
-
because we should have to adopt a principle serious.
I Ho „, C , ], Oolcock. Presid.n’I B®'- Jaspek Adams*
I doubt not but that there are numbers that will re. D d gec’v: Hon. W. Drayton, Hon. H. L. Pinck.
gard this view of the subject as ftf no moment, simply I ^ ‘ Hon *g AM pg IO i.cAU, Hon. Elias Hoery, Na.
because tho effects which we have shewn may result Heyward, «1LJ. Turnbull, Mitchell King,
from a ratification of the Convention’s plan, may not j acub p 0RD ^ A> Dssaussure, Esquires,
po^ibly occur for a iong time. But if it were a fact * Hon , j^ es Hamilton in tho place of R. J. Turn-
that these effects would not occur in our time, we I “j" 1 r
should certainly bo acting contrary to true patriotism I ’ )U "’ Esq. dec.
and paternal regard, were we to bequeath to our chil- j The Professors are
dren as their political inheritance, a set of principles j Of Anatomy, John Edwarus Holbrook, M. D.
which tended to the destruction of their political Of Surgery, John Wagner, M. D.
rights and importance, and that too, merely for the Of Institutes and Practice of Medicine, Sam. Henry
sake of gratifying party covetousness. In regard to Dickson, M. D. .’
myself; I must confess that this isolated defect in the Of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Infants,
plan of tho Convention, would of itself be sufficient I Thomas G. Prioleau, M. D. •
to induce mo to vote against it. But in addition to Of Matena Medica, Henry R. Frost, M. D.
this, theie are others of more imnortance to us at I Of Chemistry, Edmund Ravenel, M. D.
present, because their results wall be more immediate Of Physiology, James Moultrie, jr. M.D.
and local, and therefore more severely felt. I shall Demonstrator of Anatomy, John Bellinger, M. D.
defer the discussion of this, however, (which falls J Clinical Lectures will be given twice a week, du-
within the limits of the second and third proposition I ring the ensuing Session, at the Alms House and
above noticed) until next week, when I hope to pre- | Marine Hospital, by Professors Frost, and Wagner.
sent sotno arguments, the fore6 of whicii must bo ac- j SAM* HENRY DICKSON* Deux
knowledged. JIARCELLUS, , | Jujy 13—17—m5t.
m
Philip Allen,
James W. Perryhill, 2,
Allen W. Brown,
Charles Burger,
James Barber,
Fry Carpenter, 2,
Thomas Connell.
Marcus Crawley,
Hon. Charles Dougherty, John Oliver,
Robert Dougherty, Esq. Win. II. Reynolds,
Josiah Daniell, Nelson Ri ’geway,
John Earnest, Alexander Rambert,
John A. Fambrougb, John Smith, Esq.
Mrs. Hinson Gresham, Mary Sturges,
A. Y. Gresham, t Alexander Sims,
Isaac Gerrald, Reuben Stewart,
W. Grier, , ’ Green M. Wiggins.
Davis C. Gresham, ,
PARMENAS HAYNES, P. M.
July 13—17—31. >.
UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA.
r HE Examination ofthe throillowef claarea, in
this Institution will commence on Wednesday th .
31st July next, and continuo for tireo days. Saturday
the 3d of August will bo appropriated to oxamti i : . ~
candidates for admission; Sundajf the 4th the C.- a-
menment sermon will be deliver^ iu the College ch- p.
el,at half past 10 A. M. Monday the 5th the Board of
Trustees will meet for the trailsujtion of 'lusi.ieiv:
Tuesdry the Sth there will be an exhibition of Orate rj
from tho Junior class chosen hy the two Literary ' c-
cicties connected with this Univeniity; and on Wei.
nesdav the 7tb, the annual Commencement.
* ASBURY HULL, Secretary.
Juno 29—15—to.
To Journeymen Tinners.
~WJSJANTED immediately, by the subscriber two
VI JOURNEYMEN TINNERS. To good
workmen, constant employment ahd liberal wages
will be given. WM. VERONEE.
Athpns, June 22—14—tf. .
0ZrRook and Job Printing neatly and ac
curately. cxecutcdat- this Office.