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mwm .nil xWx x vt M.* n n et &£¥iculttt$&£* • V' From the Harbinger. f : GAMA GRASS, ^ * Its culture. recommended—-tctih some remarks , .’ upon the genus Tripsacinn, and its species. The grass which passes under this popu- ( IajpfiQHic, atid which is known to botanist&iui)- daetyloides, and .'t\$qnpstacfiyoh, has acquired a coiisidera- t; ’bie degree of celebrity, and promises to be. • came of ranch value to the agricultural inter, estsof the Southern States. White the nor. them and western portions of our country are provided with a variety of valuable grasses, suited to their climate and soil, the alluvial portions’ of the Southern States age entirely destitute of these usful auxiliaries : for, I be. lieve, 'tbat ia these, neither clover, timothy, . herd’s grass, orchard grass, nor any of those grasses derived from northern climates have proved, nor ever will prove'extensively ben-. , eficial. The consequenco is, that through- » out this extensive .portion of .country, no - hay • is made, and the only native product relied on'as provender for horses arid other cattle is the , dried blades .of Indian corn. Hence * the planter’s stock is generally stinted during • • winter, and the products of his dairy- render- cd extremely meagre; and butter, cheese, *and even hay-for horses, are imported from the north into the southern towns.' On the .-contrary, the Guinea gross, so much valued in the West India Islands, would probably , prove hut an annual plant in this climat that, is, the roots, as well as the stem and the : leaves, would die from the effect of frost.— - -The same circumstance destroys the value of our crab-grass, (Digihiri-. sanguinaiis) and our crowfoot grass, (Eleusine indica,) for these are both annuals. They perish with the approach of .winter, and arc renewable -. only fron# the seed. Under these circiim- stances, the ’ gama grass presents unusual claims to our attention. It is a native of the ' alluvial, soil of the Southern States, grows . well, ip every variety of soil, yields a most abundant crop, and is a perennialplant, that is* its roots preserve their ^vegetative powers through the winter, and the crop is renewed, -fhcseveral successive years, without the ne. cessity of re.planting. The Zealous advo. cates of this grass have assured us that it will yield from 70 to 90 tons of green hay, or from 20 to 00 ions of cured bay to the acre. But if there should be any exaggeration in this, • we may reduce the estimate one half, and the product will still remain ample enough to :..make its cultivation highly profitable. Ten tons of cured hay is equivalent to twenty five ordinary'stacks of our fodder, and thus the product jof fivo acres of gama grass would equal 125 stacks of corn blade fodder! which • is more than is obtained from 800 acres of corn-on common soils, v - ..-It -appear*,that the attention of the Amer- _ icon public was first drawn to thi.* grass by ,3 Mr* Hardeman, of Missouri, and Mr. Mag. t^goffin of Alabama. These gentlemen repre. . sent it a9 wonderfully prolific ; and recently -W; B. Mcares, Esq. an enterprizing andskil- jnl agriculturalist of this State, who has under, taken the cultivation of it, confirms, in a great degree, the previous statements of those gen. tletnen.' Mr. M. has tried it in stiff pine landb, and in loose, sandy soil, manured, and found it to grow well in both situations. The seed, when planted, should be put in drills, from eighteen inches to two feet apart, and hand.hocd once or oftener if necessary. In the course of the first season they spread and cover tiie whole surface. During the second jaay be. cut once a month from May to November. I do not know for what num ber of years the same roots will continue to yield fair crops, but probably for three or four—perhaps more. The genus Tripsacnm^ to which the Gama grass belong^ according' to Nuttrfll, is exclu sively North American, and consists of only- two species, T. Daetyloides and T. Mon- ostaphyofi,indigenous to the Atlantic coast and theptairies of the Western States ; thus re- jeering the species mentioned by Michaux under the name of T. Cylindricum, having her maphroditc flowers, and growing in Florida. I find mentioned, however, in Loudon’s “En cyclopaedia of. plants,” a species under the name of Thripsactim hcnnapl roditum, said to inhabit the West India Islands, and to be us. ed there as provender, and it is difficult to re sistthe conclusion that it is identical with the T. Cylindricum of Michaux; having hermaph todito flowers. The characters of this genus are very accu rately given inNuttall’s “ Genera of North American Plaqtq,” and may be rendered thus: Flowers morioicous, disposed in spikes (with'an articulated or .jointed rachis) which nre solitary or aggregated, upon flowers mas culine or sterile, brought together by pairs, thqdowcr jertile, the exterior valve indulated, closing the excavation in which the seed is im bedded, but perforated by two small holcsat the base,and atwo-parted appendix for the egress of the two styles,which are plumose & exserted. The species T. Daetyloides is thus described by Elliott: “Spikesnumerous, (3 to 4,) ag- giegate; florets sterile near the summit, fer tile at the baseand in his extended de scription thus: “Flowers in the terminal spikes; spikes three to four, bearing flow ers on one (tho interior) side. Fertile florets two to four, at the base of the spike, sittin in the excavations of the jointod, scabrous,(f| somewhat triquetrous rachis.” This descrip, tion does not mention the spikes which ter minate the branches of tho stem, and con toms some errors. It may be given more correctly thus: Flowers in terminal spikes spikes of ■ the stem aggregate, two to four, bearing flowers,sometimes alternately on two sidj^spihetunes ,oa one,the exterior side. Fer tile florets, four to fourteen, at the base the spike. Spikes of the branclps solitary, and somewhat cylindrical,” (precisely like those of the T. Monostachyon.) These ag gregated spikes represent a. cylinder-cloven into two or more parts, and when brought together recompose a isomewbai cylindrical * body like a single spike of T. MouosUcliyo The species T. Monostachyon appears to differ from the preceding only in having all its spikes solitary and nearly cylindrical.—. Elliott indeed represents it as smaller, and its leaves less scabrous or rough; but these are not very important characters, and may be caused by circumstances. Accordingly Pursh has suggested. that T. Monostachyon is but a variety of T. Daetyloides; and al» • ough Elliot and Nuttnll havfe not recogni zed the propriety of the suggestion, yet there is strong probability of its truth. Mr. Herbe- mont, of Columbia, South Carolina, in a re cent publication, has advanced the opinion that these species are one, .and grounds it on the following facts ; He received some seeds, all from one source, and 'planted them, one portion in his garden, and another in his-farm where the soil is not so rich as in his garden. On examining the plants, he found some with solitary spikes, and some with aggregated spikes terminating the stem, whije those of the branches were solitary. At the farm, the proportion of single spikes was greater than in the garden; and again, the, propor- tion at the farm varied with the. quality of the soil! thus apparently establishing the fact that one of the species (as they have been supposed) runs into the ether; and that there fore they are not distinc t species. Mr. Her- bemont proposes therefore to abolish both of these specific names, and to substitute a third, suggesting for that purrose, Tripsicum Gama, in honor of the Spanish.gentleman who is said to have introduced its culture into Mex For myself, I have a preference for ICO. characteristic names, and as we* know so little of the person to be commemorated, I will suggest the appropriate name of Tripsacum Heterostachyon, in allusion to the diversity of its spikes. . This plant appears to possess a surprising adaptation to variety of. climate, as well as of soil, growing spontaneously in the prairies of the West and along the Atlantic coast from New-Englond to Florida, (see Nuttall, Elliott, Eaton.) In this State it has been found on the Neusc, near Newbcra, by us, and on the Cape Fear river in the counties of Brunswick, New Hanover and Bladen. It can be pro- pagated by its roots, as well as by its seeds. U. B. C. Newbem, 25th Aug. 1833* From the American Farmer. Method of conserving Gooseberries, Orlean Plums, G.’een Gages; Damsons, Peaches, Nectarines, and Bullaces. Let the fruit be cleaned, picked, and not too ripe, put it into wide-mouthed, or what are called goose berry bottles: let the hot- ties be filled as full as they can be packed, and stick the corks lightly into them: then place them upright in a saucepan of water, heated gradually to about 100 or 170 deg. F- ; tha^. is, till the water feels very hot to the finger but does not scald. Let this de gree of heat be kept up for half an hour, then remove the bottles one by one, and fill them up to within half an inch of the cork with boiling water, when cold let the cork be fit-, ted very close, and lay the bottles on their sides, that the cork may be kept moist by the water. To prevent fermentation and mould, the bottles may be turned once or twice a week for the first month or two, and once or twice a month afterwards. When applied to use, some of the liquor first poured off may *serve to be put into the pie, or pud. ding, instead of water, and the remainder be ing boiled up with a little sugar, makes a rich and agreeable syrup. The fruit ought not to be cracked by the heat: some trials were made by keeping the bottles in a heat of 190 deg. for three quar ters ofan hour, but the fruit was reduced near ly to a pulp. It is also advisable that the fruit be not quite ripe, nor should it bo bruised. Some fruits may be preserved in a seccu- lent state by being kept in water, without boiling. This is practised in regard to the cranberry: it also succeeds with the smaller kind of apples. All pulpy fruits, such as dam sons, dec., if gathered when not quite ripe, and not wounded, may likewise be preser ved, by putting them into dry bottles, so as to exclude the air, by scaling over the cork, and then burying them in a trench with the cork downwards. our own partial inquiries. These facts we mention, merely to guard against .-any defi ciency you may observe in ojir remarks, and any inaccuracies, should there be such, in the details which we communicate. As the Expense Account embraces the various expenditures for salaries, making and " _ >$f...butt. dings, repairs, and, taxespn real estate, station ary, printing and contingencies of ail kinds it is necessarily so large and in tricate, that we deem ed it expedient at present to confine our in investigation to that portion which embra ced expenditures, calculated. to operate on the elections, as they seepa^ito be the ob jects of inquiry suggested by you. All ex penditures of this kind introduced into the Expense Account, and discovered by us, we found to be, so far as regards the institution in this city, embraced under the head of Sta- tionary and Printing. To if, therefore, we chiefly directed our inquiries; and an exami. nation of that item of the account, for the last three years, undoubtedly presents circumstan ces which iu our opinion, fiilly warrant the belief you have been led to entertain. The Expense Account is made up at the end of every six months, and submitted with the vouchers to the Dividend Committee, for examination. Commencing with, the last six months of tho year 1829, we" find "that the hum paid for Stationary and Printing amounted to 83,765,94, which we presume to be the necessary expense, of the. institution, under this item, when nb extraordinary disburse ments are made. During the year 1830, the expenditures inereased fo 87,131 27 du ring the first, and 6,950 20 during the last half year, and entries are made in both, of large sums, making together, about 87,000, paid for printing and distributing Mr. M’Duf- fie’s report and Mr.Gallatin’s pamphlet. These seem Gaflatin on Banking, and 2,000 copies' of Professor Tuckers’ article. During the second half year of.1831, the item of stationary, and printing was 813,224- 87, of which 85,010 were paid on orders of the President and stated generally to-be un der the resolution of March 11th, 1831, and other sums were paid to individuals, as. in the previous amounts for printing and distributing documents. During the first half year of 1832, the item of stationary and Printing was <812,104 16,of which 85,010 are stated .to have been paid on orders of the President, under the resolution of March 11th, 1831. There are also vari ous individual payments, of which we notice 106,38 to Hunt, Tardiff & Co. for 1,000 cop- ies of the review of Mr. Benton’s speech, 200 for 1,000 copies of the Saturday Courier; 1,176 to Gales & Seaton fo; 20,000!. copies of “ a pamphlet concerning the Bank,” and 6000 copies of the minority report relative to the Bank ; and 1,800 to. Matthew St* Clair Clarke for « 300 copies of Clarke & Hall’s bank book.” During the last half year of 1832, the item of stationary and printing, rose to 26,543 72, of which 6,350 are stated to have been paid on orders of the President, under the resolu tion of the 11th of March, 1831. Among the specified charges we observe 821 78 to Jas- per Harding, for printing a review of the ve. to ; 1,671 04, to E. Olmstead, for 4,000 cop ies of Mr. Ewing’s speech, Bank Documents, and Review of the Veto ; 4,106 13 to William Fry,for 63,0Q0 copies of Mr. W ebster’s speech; Mr. Adams’ and Mr. M’Duffie’s reports, and the majority and minority reports ; 295 for 14,000 extras of «the Protector,” containing Bank Documents '; 2,583 30 to Mr. Riddle for printing and distributing reports, Mr. Webster’s speech, dec. ; 150 12 to Mr. Fin- to be the commencement of a system i nail, fair printing the speeches of Messrs. Clay, of expenditure which was the next year, im- Ewing and Smith and Mr. Adams’ report; mensely increased, and receive!) the sanction of the Board, as appears by the entries on the minutes, and two resolutions passed at the close of this year and jn the succeeding copies ■ of Mr. Webster’s speech. There is spring. J ' j also'a charge of 5,040, paid on orders of the On the 30th November, \l830, it is stated President, stating that it is for expenses in in the minutes, that « the, President submit. \ measures for protecting the Bank, against a 1,512 75 to Mr. Clarke, for printing Mr. Webster’s speech and articles on the Veto ; and 2,422 65 to Nathan Iiale for 52,500 ted to the Board a copy t <\f,an article on Banks and Currency, jiist published in the run oh the Western Branches. During the first half year of1833, the item American Quarterly Review, of this city, of stationary and printing was $9,093 59, of containing a favorable notice of this institu- ; which $2,600 are stated to have been paid, tion, and suggested the expediency of making ! on orders of the President, under the resolu- the views of the author morp- extensively ; tion of the 11th of.March, 1831. There is known to die public, than they, can be by also a charge of Messrs. Gales & Seaton of means of the subscription list—-whoreupon it ■ 800, for printing the Report of the Exchange was, on motion, Resolved, That the Presi. j Committee. dent be authorised .to take such measures, in i Having made this .examination of the Ex- regard to the circulation of the contents of | pense Account, we were not only struck with the said article, either in whole or in part, as j the large sums that had been expended, un- he may deem most for the interest of the jder the head of stationary and printing in the Bank. On the 11th March, <1831, it again : two years to which you refer, but also to that appears, by the minutes, that « the President • evident necessity there was that the accounts stated to the Board, that in consequence of the should be so stated, as to enable'the Directors general desire expressed by' the Directors, at and Stockholders to ascertain the particular one of their meetings of the Ipst year, subse- sums of money paid, the quantity and names we offered; as an amendment, .the following resolutions : “Resolved, that while this board repose entire confidence in the integrity of the President; thpy respectfully request him to cause the particulars of the expenditures, made uflder the resolutions of the 30th of Nol veraber, 1830, and the 11th of March, 1831, to be so stated, that the same may be readi. |y submitted to aiid examined by the.Board of Directors and the Stockholders. Resol. yed, that the said .resolutions be rescinded, and no further' expenditures be made under the same.” Ibis amendment met with the same (ate as bur previous resolutions, being rejected by the same vote, and the resolution offered as a substitute was passed. These, sir, are the circumstances attending the best examination we have been able to make in regard to the matters referred to us, by yoUr letter of the 3d instant. Should they not prove sufficiently miuute^or our report sufficiently explicit, we must infer, firom the course pursued by the Board, when our reso lutions were submitted to them, that a more exact statement can only be obtained, by an agent directly authorized by the Executive. We have the honor, to be, With great respect, yourob’t. servts. H. D. GILPIN, JOHN T. SULLIVAN, PETER WAGNER, HUGH McELDERRY. • - -- We see that the opposition press are ex tremely solicitous to avail themselves of the weight of Secretary Cass, as being peculiarly inimical to the views of the President in rela tion to the removal of the Deposites. It is true Governor Cass deemed it inexpedient to remove the Deposites under existing circum stances, but he thought the mere question of removal, an overrated one. He gave no written opinion as we said, but stated his views verbally to the President. In allusion to these circumstances, we spoke yesterday of his indifference in regard to the matter, and trust the opposition will not again assert as a means of sustaining themselves that he anxiously opposed the measure, or assume that he, in any degree approved the conduct of the Batik as exposed in the Presi dent’s opinion delivered to his Cabinet.— Globe. quentto the adjournment qf Congress, and a verbal understanding, with, the Board, ..meas. of the documents furnished, and the expenses of distribution and postages. With this ob. ures had been taken by him in the course of! ject we stated, at the 'last meeting of the that year for furnishing nmnerons copies of j Board, tho result of our examination of the ilcUtCcal. REPORT Of the Government Directors of the Bank of the United States to the President relative to the Printing Expenses of that Institution. To the President of the United States: Puiladelphia, August 19, 1833. Sir—Wo had the honor* to receive your letter of the 3d instant, directing us to exam ine and report upon the Expense account of the Bank of the United States, for the last 2 years. Those of us to whom it was address ed, requested the attendance of our colleague, Mr. M’Elderry, to assist us in the examina tion. On his arrival, we proceeded to inves tigate the various charges, and to look in to such of the vouchers on which they were founded, As we had time and jopportunity to do. These are so numerous, and embrace so many small items of various kinds, that a full view of them can only be given to you, by transmitting copies, made by some person authorized or requested by you or the Secre tary ofthe Treasury. The time and labor necessary for this mode, would have preven ted our resorting to it at present, even had you authorized vs to do so, for wo have be lieved it would be more consistent with your wishes, that we should at. once report the re sult of our own labors, leaving you to decide, after you shall have be en made acquainted with them, whether such a more minute state ment of the Expense Account be requisite. We may add, too, that finding the particulars of many expendituros were to be ascertained, only by an investigation of numerous bills and receipts, we requested, a t the Board, 1 that the Cashier might furnish such a statement of them as might be susceptible of ready exam ination ; but as this request was not complied with, wo wero obliged to depend entirely on the reports of General Smith and Mr. M’Duf. fie, on the subject of the Bank, and for wide, ly disseminating their contents, through the United States ; and that he has since, by vir tue of the authority given him by a resolution of this Board on tho 39th day of November last, caused a large edition of Mr. Gallatin’s essay on Banks and currency to be published and circulated, in like manner, at the expense of the Bank. He suggested, at the same time, the propriety and expediency bf extend, ing, still more widely, a knowledge of the concerns of this institution, by means of the republication of other valuable articles, which had issued from the daily and periodical press —whereupon it was, on -motion, Resolved, That the President is hereby authorized to cause to be prepared and’circulated, such documents and papers as may^ communicate to the'people information in regard to the nature and operations ofthe Bonk;” In pursuance, it is^resumed, of these res olutions, the item of stationary'.and printing was increased, during the first half of the year 1827,to the enormous smh <Lf $29,079 92, exceeding that Ofthe previous half year by $23,000, and exceeding the semi-annual expenditure of 1829, upward* bf $26,000. The Expense Account itself, as made up in the book which was submitted to us, Contained very little information relative to the partic ulars of this expenditure, and we were* obli- ged, in order to obtain them, tb resort to an inspection of tho vouchers..*' Among other sums was one of $7,891', Stotedlo be paid on orders of the President, tinder the resolution ofllth March, 1831, -and the orders them- selves were the only vouchers of the expen. diture which we found .ym file—some .nf the orders, to the amount of about, $1,900 stated that the expenditure was for distributing Gen eral Smith’s and Mr. M’Duffie’s reports, and Mr. Gallatin’s pamphlet; but the rest stated generally that it waf mai|e, under the resolution of March 11th, 1831, v There were aiso numerous bills and receipts for expend! tures to individuals ; among them of Gales & Seaton, $1,300 for distributing Mr. Gal latin’s pamphlet; of William Fry for Garden & Thompson, $1,675 75 for 5,000 copies Qf General Smith's and Mr. M’Duffie’s reports, &c.; of Jesse Harding, 8410 . for .11,000 ex tra papers ; of,the American Sentinel $125. 74 for printing, folding, packing,and postages on 3,000 extras ; of William Fry, $1,830 27 for upwards of 50,000 copies.of the National Gazette, and supplements containyig address es to members of the State Legislatures, re view, of Mr. Bentoq’s Mr. Gallatin’s articles. Quarterly Review, and editorial article on the projeet of a Treasury Bank ; of joules Wil son, $1,447 75 for 25,000. copies of tho re ports of Mr. M’Duffie andMr.'’ Smith, and for 25,000 copies of the address to members of the State Legislatures, agreeably to order and letters from- John -Sergeant, JEsq. and of Carey & Lea 82,850 for. 10,000 copies of We understand (says , the Washington Globe of the 27th ultimo,) that the following Banks have been selected by the Secretary of the Treasury,for the deposite ofthe money of the United States, in the places where they are respectively situated. The change to be made on the first of October next: Baltimore—The Union Bank of Maryland, Philadelphia—The Girard Bank. New York—The Mechanics’ Bank. “ The Manhattan Company* « The Bank of America. Boston—The Commonwealth Bank. « The Merchants’ Bank. Expense Account, and submitted. the follow, ing resolutions: ’ “ Whereas, it appears by the Expense Ac count of the Bank for the years 1831 and 1832, that upwar~ls of eighty thousand dol- lars were expended and charged under the head of Stationary and Printing during that period—that a large proportion of this was paid to the proprietors of newspapers and pe nodical journals, and for the printing,- distri bution and postage of immense numbers of pamphlets and ’ newspapers—and that about twenty thousand dollars was expended, under the resolutions of 30th November, 1830, and 11th March, 1831, without any account ofthe manner in which, or the persons to whom the same were disbursed. And whereas it is expedient and proper, that tho particulars qf an expenditure, so large, and unusual, which can now be ascertained ouly by the examine tion of numerous bills and receipts, should be so stated as to be readily submitted to and examined by the Board of Directors and the Stockholders. Therefore, Resolved, That the Cashier furnish to the Board, at as early a day as possible, a full and particular state ment of all these expenditures, designating the sums of money paid to each person, the quantity and names of the documents printed by him, and his charges for the. distribution and postage of the same ; together with as foil a a statement, as may be, ofthe expend! tures on orders, under the resolution of 30th Nov. 1830, and 11th March, 1831. That we ascertain whether expenditures of the same character have leen made at any of the offices, and if so, procure similar statements thereof with the authority on which they were made._. ‘ That the said resolutions be rescin ded, and no further expenditures made under the same.” These resolutions were postponed on the motion of one ofthe directors, for the purpose of introducing a substitute for them, by the vote of all present, except ourselves and one other member of the Board. The resolution substituted was as follows : “ Resolved that the board have confidence in the wisdom and integrity ofthe President, and io the propriety ofthe resolutions ofthe 30th of November, 1830, and the llih of March, 1831, and en tertain a full conviction of the necessity of a renewed attention to the object of those reso- Unions; and that the President be authorised and requested to continue his exertions for the promotion of s'aid objects.” Viewing this as indicating an intention (which was indeed avowed) to continue, and even extend, tho system of lavish expendi ture^ and to authorize disbursements, tho par. ticulars of which could not be clearly asce’r tained either by the board or their constituents. And regarding it also as evincing a desire to encounter our remonstrances, against the continuation of such a system, by a reference of the personal character and motives of the President of the Institution (which were not drawp into discussion or question by us) The following Banks, in addition to thi s heretofore mentioned, have been selected by the Secretary of the Treasury as depositories ofthe public money. We uaderstand that sufficient information has net yet been receit- ed.to enable the Secretary to complete his a ra tgements, but it is expected that the whole w.l, oe accomplished in a few weeks. And in several places where only one Bank is now selected it is probable another will be added. Maine Bank, Portland Me. Commercial Bank, 'Portsmouth, N. H. Bank of Virginia, Richmond, Va. Do. Branch of, at Norfolk, Va. Bank of South Carolina, Charleston, S. C. Planters’ Bank of Savannah, Savannah Geo, The Branch ofthe Bank ofthe State of Al> abama at Mobile. Planters' Bank of Mississippi, Natchez, Mis. The Union Bunk of Tennessee, Nashville. The Franklin Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio. by personal observation, by information and from the Map, we think a rail way could be constructed on it cheaper than on any we ever heard of. From Macon, you have bat moderately hilly country for the first 19 miles, till you gain the ridge between Sandy and Commissioners creek, which you follow io the Oconee. Leaving- the Oconee, the heading the waters of the Ohoopie, and', traversing, as we are in. formed, a very level foufitry. till yo.u” strike the bea'd of the Ogeeqheeas it flqws out of Jefferson county ; andCihancewitfi thfc Ogee, chee on your left,"you have an almost unin. terrupted level, to Savahnah; ^ crossing the Ogeechee where you please; Init probably before you get out of Bulloch county, so as to head the waters of little Ogeechee. These two routes marked out by the. finger of nature herself, lead from the best markets into the very heart of the wealthy planting regions of the State. And every planterto the West or North is equally interested with those by whose doora these roads would go; for his distance from market is shortened as much by cutting,off ten miles from one end of his journey, as from the other. It is indeed more for the benefit of the planter in Do Kalb for instance, to-have ten mUes of bis distance talcqn off of the further eqd, than from that nearest home; for in the first case, his wagon stops ten miles short of Augusts or Savannah, which distance is therefore en. tirely saved; whereas, if his cotton was taken from his own door and carried ten miles, and there put down, he must go there with big wagons and take it up. It is therefore mas. ifest not only that those of our people wbo live farthest from market and grow, as they generally do, the heaviest articles, are most deeply interested in getting forward the means of cheap and rapid transportation, but that their interest is also best promoted, by their being commenced at the farther end. Suppose, for round numbers, a rail way from Macon to Savannah* to cost $5,000 per mile, which is a liberal estimate; and sup. pose the length to be 200 miles, which is cer tainly beyond the truth of the case. The cost will then be one million of dollars. The shipments of cotton from that place la the season of 1828-9 was about 45,000 bak, which by a gradual increase had reached at the lastseason (the fall and winter of 1832.3,) to between 70 and 80 thousand bales. Had the preceding crop season been good, it would probably have nearly reached 90 thoo. sand. Instead of a'hundrcd and twenty a thirty thonsand bales per annum, let us csti. mate her down freight for the future at no more than 100,000 bales, and instead of $2 00 or $2 25 now given, put it down at $1 50 per bale. This freight amounts to - $150,000 The up freights are generally considered as nearly equal. We will estimate them, however, as equal to 60.000 hales of Cottonma king . 00,000 The travelling and way freights including the lumb r from the for ests, all along the route,, though it will amount to more than all the ebt- ' ' ton now sent from Macon, we will put dowQ at only two-thirds of the supposed up freights 60,000 Making gross amount of freights per annum, 300,000 Now deduct from this, such a ‘ sum as, with the interest on it, will at thq end often years, replace the rail road; supposing against all pro bability that then it must be built anew , $60,000 Deduct also, ten per cent on the original investment, 100,000 160,000 Elections in BaltisIohe.—The opposi tion in Baltimore presented no candidates.— Mr. Heath, Jackson Republican, has succee ded by 218 votes over Mr. Howard, the late member. Mr. M’Kim, a firm and original firiend of General Jackson, and supporter of his Administration, has probably succeeded over-Colonel Stuart, (a* Clay man,) in the District composed of Ann Aurundel—part of Baltimore and Annapolis. The Jacksonians ofthe Mechanics’ party have succeeded for the Assembly by an average majority of 1,500 over the regularly' nominated ticket. San derson, (a Jackson man,) elected Sheriff.— Globe. £utcrn«U Ktnptofcement. From the Georgia Journal. Rail Roads.-—Begin at Augusta, and trace with the point of your knife, a course nearly os the road is marked on Wellborn’s and Green's Map of the State, from Augusta to Warrenton. Thence nearly with the road by Crawfordville, keeping between the wa. ters of little River on the right, and. the wa- ters of the Ogeechee, and afterwards those of the Oconee to the left, on through Taliaferro, Greene, Oglethorpe and Clark to Athens.— Thence ascending between the North and Mulberry forks of the Oconee, by Jefferson, you keep on a dividing ridge till you get with in 4 or5 miles of Gainesville, whore you come to tho mountains. In this whole route you cross no considerable stream, except the North fork of the Oconee. Small head bran ches of smaller streams there doubtless are, which sometimes interlock, forming occasion ally considerable undulations of surfuce, but as their tendency all is to a level as they ap proach the diriding ridge, a level,, or nearly a level can. of course-be obtained, by curving Or raising and excavation, or partly by each. This is one natural route, high into, the inte rior, which probably will best be joined from Putnam, a little West bf Warrentoii, and from Greenesboro’, some 8 or 10 miles'North West from that towd. Another natural route is from Macon to Sa vannah. From what we know of this route $140,000 It seems to us that all these estimates mqst be considered too low. The freight down and up the whole line, without extending it to Columbus, which certainly would be done, will before than .web ave stated it.; .and the freight from intermediate points and the tra* veiling must yield much more.* The price of freight may be higher .than our estimate, if necessary, for at the present, or even high er prices, such is the safety and quickness of this mode of transportation, that it must mo nopolize all tho business; and we see upon this cautious estimate, that a dividend of ta per cent, is paid to the stockholders; enough is laid by to re-construct the road, at the end often years, and a hundred and forty thousand dollars is left to defray the incidental and | contingent expenses. We know of no route in the Union where the receipts must be so immediate and so large in comparison with the investment. We have no data from which to form so ready an estimate of the earnings of the oth er route ; but any comparison between them would be idle,' when it is manifest to us, that with such agricultural regions West of theiU) they both will, as m every other instance we have beard of, outrun all the sober qaleuto. lions that have or will be made for years to come. The upper route may and probably will be somewhat more expensive in'the con. struction; but the freight it will command, will be equal, and probably even greater than that ofthe lower one. 4 .We are now at the dawn'of a new era.-— Fifty—nay thirty years will produce a grea ter change in the condition of most civilized countries, and add more to the mass of so cial comforts, than, five centuries heretofore have done. Some faint idea of this may be conceived by the stupendous miracles, that steam has wrought on the watery but what that hits accomplished and will periorin on' navigable rivers, rail ways will do eve ry where; trad more than that ; for rivers oven with the aid of that mighty agent; arb to become secondary in speed, cheapness and salety of transportation. It is not worth the while of anyone to sit down and predict the astonishing changes, that almost the annihila- tion of time and distance is soon to produce. It would look so like the visions of a heated imagination, that every one who is careful of his reputation for discernment, fend jealous far