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“The ferment of a free, is preferable to the torpor of a despotic, Government.” VOL. III. ATII£NS, GEORGIA, J|ILY 5, 1831. NO. 16. Iloetrfi. [communicated.] REFLECTIONS ON SUNSET. Whm the last tints of daylight Jcck the skies, AnJ ev’ry cloud is tinged with various dyes, Why roams the thoughts beyond this native earth ? Whv longs the soul for an immortal birth ? Are they designed, by Providonco to bo Tiic symbols of a blest eternity— To cheer with hope the bom n of despair, And to dispel the doubts tint linger there? 1 low swoot to think that when this being dios, It giins a pure existence in the skies; And that our present troubles ore but given, To fit us for the nobler joys of Heaven. When earthly scenes and sorrows are resign’d, Ah ! whither vanishes the immortal mind ? Has it now c:ist those vain desires away, \\ liirli animated once this senseless clay ? Or lingers it about its lowly tomb, This mortal being to resume ? Or if transported to some happier Fpot, scene:; and joys of fife alike forgot; Then with new sympathies its bosom glows, f .n it no longer feel for human woes ? Arc ali tlioso tics that bind the soul to earth, i;-!ii!<|*iis!i'd at its spiritual birth ? lllsc why no soothing message from the skies. To i.-jcli mankind is awful mysteries ? Ah ! none ran tell, save he whose soul has fled, And viewed the dark dominions of ike dead ; The sure decree—the inevitable doom— i'ii.I waits the silent slumbers of the tomb! '■ commune with himself and feed on his own thoughts ?” “ That is George McDuffie,” answered my cicerone. “ You have hit him off to the life. When he opens his mouth this noisy House is as silent ns a sepulchre. Po litical friends and foes are alike still; every whisper is hushed—every head erect—every eye open. You have no idea of the sensu- pale fuces and sad countenances give admo nition, that this is the region of death. I have •stood by the wide prairie, aud beheld the green billows rise and fall, and the undulations, che quered with sun-light and shadow, chasing one aller the other, afar over the wide ex panse. And 1 liuve gone amid the storms of winter, over the high hill, upon the loud-crack- tion that little fellow can create. He rolls out I ing crust, amid the music of the merry sleigh- his words, and bites them off, and thrashes bells. And here arc the Representatives from and slashes as did old Iloratius Codes, when, | all these regions—here in one grand council with his battle-axe, he stood upon the bridge, and with his single arm defended Rome. That stout.built man, a little to the right of McDuffie, with a snowy head and a Roman nose, is Burges, the “ Bald Eagle of the House,” as he has been culled—a man adroit at air sorts of weapons. He resembles one of the old soldiers; he fights on foot or on horse, with heavy or light arms—a battle-axe or a spear. In modern warfare, he is at home —all speaking one language—all impelled by one law! Oh, iny Country, tny Country! If our destiny he always linked ns one—if the sumo flag, with its glorious stars and stripes, is always the flag of our Union never un furled or defended but by Freemen—then Po-. etry and Prophecy, stretching to their utmost, cannot pre-annouuce that destiny! But lo return from our digression. Wo have re-threaded the cork-screw galleries, in the artillery or the infantry—the cavalry or I and are in the Senate Chamber. Here is a the engineers: a broadsword or a pistol, a j different body from the one we have just left, kngs-urm or a spade, are equally familiar to J The Senators seem older than the represent- his hand. There is Johnson, the gallant co!- lives; hut so many of these bald seniors ex- oncl—the Indian killer. He has a fine head, change gray heads for Muck ones, that it is and a good countenance. He is writing kind difficult lo determine. They sit with their things to his constituents. He has half a do- | hats otf—that looks better. They bustle about ,$a fiscellan y. From the I- nicker backer. A PEEP AT WASHINGTON: v u:.vr cr.oM the journal or an American tourist. •• 1 ciK.f to fetch you to the capitol."—Julius Ctrsar. Undoubtedly, the point to which all eyes : ; rc turned, during a certain portion of the year, is flic city of Washington. The big guns of the tuition are there—and there we have batteries of eloquence, and oratorical launder, and, in these high times, flashes of li litning. 1 caino, this season, to take a sur- v •*, of the war-ground—to look at the geuer- : !s, and the colonels, the sergeants, and the corporals, i’n«* drum-majors and the filers. 1 v.as dropped at Gudsby’s. It was yet morning—and t he flags, with their stars, were waving over both wings of the majestic capi- :•»!, indicating that Congress was now under fall way. I asccudcd the lull, whence pro- roods so much noise, and smoke, and confu- j len away. less—that is more agreeable, if you would hear a speaker. “ Show me the lions,” said I to my cicerone : “ Where is Van Buren, where is Clay,and Webster,undCalhoun?” My first query was answered by pointing to die Vice President's chair. I should have much to say of Mr. Van Buren ; hut they have elevated him to a high office, which, like nil offices, has its drawbacks and its disadvan tages. “ He cannot figure,” said my guide, zen messenger-hoys at his side, trolling at a wink, sanding his letters, folding them, or hur rying away to stamp them with the * U. S.’ scnl. There is Edward Everett, the ac complished scholar, the fine writer! Indeed, you might as well throw the muse of Histon into a caravan, or put him on a “ broad horn” on the Mississippi, with a huge pine for a rud- der. and a cane-brake tor a bundle of quills. Crockett, there, is a better Neptune, and holds a steadier trident. And when a man I “ in debate : his mouth is shut, unless opened can grin, and fight—flog a steamboat, and to say, ‘ The ayes have it,* or «The memo- whip his weight in wild-cuts, what is the use rial is referred,’ or something of the like, of reading and writing? There is Wayne, I His manner is calm and bland, and he pro an accomplished man, and Wilde, a fine 1 sides with ease and dignity. Aud there he scholar, a poot, and as civil a Georgian, too. sits, with no opportunity for display thump- Binney is there, a grave looking man—a ing with bis mallet, when the galleries are out mighty logic-chopper. of order, having occasion only to remark, But I must pause—for what a mass of rep- now and then, that “ the question is so and reseutatives there are here! What singular so,” etc. The newspapers talk of his shrink samples of our Vast country! Here sits a I ing, cowering, blushing. This is all the ver- Tennesseun, and there a Missourian, educa. I iest romance in the world. He lives in the ted among buffaloes, and nurtured in the for-1 Senate like an embodied abstraction. He est—as intimate with the passes of the Rocky lakes Clay’s jibes, and Webster’s thrusts, as Mountains, as the cit with Broadway—who 1 the ghost of Creusss received the embraces lives where hunters and trappers have vexed of Eneas. He heeds them not. He leans every hill and who cares no more for a Paw- back his head—piles oue leg upon the other nee than n professed beau for a bright-plumed and sits as if he were a pleasant sculptured belle. Here is a mail from the prairies—and image, destined for that niche all his life, there another from the swamps and morasses, I That m issive forehead—those prodigious whose blood the musketoes have utterly sto-1 eyes—those heavy shouiders, that iron-built There is a sallow face from the I frame, j oint out Webster. How like Satan mi. and law. My heart beat high at the ! rice-grounds, and here the flushed cheek from himselt he can look—what a malicious smile! prospect of beholding the assembled wisdom j the mountains—and by his side a man from He talks as if he were telling a plain story ■if the nation : and I did not long pause to look : the pine grounds—the land of tar and turpen-1 not enthusiastic, but concise and clear, at the magnificent grounds around the capitol , tine. What a people we are ! What a conn. 1 arm comes up as it’ lifted bv a spring. He —the sirong-huiU terrace—nor the naval mon-j try is this of ours! How wide in extent—| speaks like one from the grave—so solemn ur.,cut, floating, as it were, in an artificial re-, how rich in produc vervoir, supplied by nn ever-running fountain. ! ty ! I have asked in my travels, for the West, I What a voice ? The sentences leap into life 1 hurried,out of breath, up the sleeps of stairs, ; in the streets of the Queen of the West—a —with well timed metaphor, skilfully inter- threaded the corridors and rocky mazes, un- fairy city, which but as yesterday was a wil- j woven—all perfectly wrought out. Yet Web- til I found myself under the huge dome that! derncss. They smiled at my inquiry, and ster is a man of no imagination. He has a arch- s the rotunda. Every foot-fall echoed said it was among the * lioosiers’ of Indiana well-disciplined taste ; and give him a clu and re-echoed, and each whisper reverbera- ; or ‘the suckers’ of Illinois. Then I journey. I to a figure, and he will trace it out with force ted from n thousand quarters. The groups ed along. I crossed great rivers and broad I and beau peeping at this thing mid that—the sculpture prairies, and again I asked for the West. J That slender-built man, apparently about in fi.e niches of the walls—and the paintings They said it was in Missouri. I arrived at | fifty years of age, in a blue coat wi h bright th.a half encircled the area, detained my eye but a moment—for my cicerone hurried me on, amid mazes and galleries yet more confi ned, until I found myself overlooking the Rep- but it is a handsome one. He is all case and composure ; is uever thrown off his guard. He is ever ready, and the less prepared, the better for the fight. He eludes with the ut most skill all manner of weapons. No nicm- her of Congress is better at the rcconnoitcr- ing and skirmishing of debate. That tall, rcd-hcadcd man, with a large manly figure, and full face, is Preston, the new member from South Carolina. He looks as if lie had long lived under the rays of a Southern sun. Preston is sui generis. He talks poetry—all in rich array, and gor geous sentences. When there is a storm in the Senate, they hang him out as a rainbow; and although the rough clouds often darken his glittering hues before the storm is hushed, yet tempers are cooled, and spirits are sof tened by the dazzling arch, and thc rich inter- lacings of its bow. Ilis is unpremeditated el oquence. He does not, like Sheridan, mark, in his orations, the place to introduce “ Good God ! Mr. Speaker.” The incidents of de bate suggest all his.fine sentences. Iiisjes- lures are admirable. No American orator is more graceful—few have more art: and yet few understand so well the “ art above arts.” Such a man was necessary in the Senate. All the kinds of eloquence that Cicero describes, are now exemplified and illustrated in that body, and no two are formed on the same model. Felix Grundy is a happy man. There is not a more jovial benevolent face in Christen dom. than he wears. He was an actor upon the stage of public life, long beforo my re- membmnee. His head is now alt grey, and his step begins to falter and bear the marks of age, but his mind has lost nothing of its vigor, and none of his humor. He is happy at a thrust, and good humored, even in the an- griest debate. lie has a mind happily tem pered for political warfare. Leigh is a new comer from Virginia; a round thick.built man, with a little sharp eye, that snaps at times like a spark of fire. He is something of a lion in the National Mcnag. erie. Perhaps my metaphors might seem objectionable, were it not that we ‘Republicans’ have a right to talk of our < Servants,’ as we please. Wright has a fine person and coun tenance. No one exhibits more calmness and dignity, or more narrowly watches the progress of debate. I would tarry here had I lime and space, to serve up the stout framed Benton, und give a touch of his manner of speaking, so odd to Northern eye and car, but doubtless the mode in his Missouri, where his heart unquestiona bly is. 1 would have something to say of Senator Smith, who in his dress connects this age with the days of our fathers and grandfa thers—of Porter, with Ins Ire.li face and Irish ; His : eloquence, a worthy so;, of the green Isle of Erin—and of Wilkins, too, who hates a juke ; but I must pause. Aud here let me remark, that I should like the Senate better, if it were not such a prodigious snuff-box, and the snuff takers were less numerous. “ Give me youi snuff-box,?’ says Clay to Prentiss ; and “ yours,” and “ yours,” and thus a snuff-box runs a jour ney for a day, from Senator to Senator, without ten minutes rets. Aud, by the way, in a long day’s session, let me add, the hungry Representatives bring in crackers Levee is a delicious affair. What odd amal gamation of character! What strange groups of men and women ! A Cherokee there a Choctaw here; His Christian Majesty’s Charge to the right, and squadrons of Attach, es hither and thither : some in stars, some with ribands^ all in princely court dresses. A drab dressed, broad brimed-hut Quaker, here; and a modern belle there ; a thick built German, a happy Irishman, & chattering Frenchman, a proud Castilian, jabbering all sorts of tongues, from that of the wild Indian, to the double refined and patent English; the easy dash ; the mouth wide open, and head erect—take all in all, in such a current, and my word for it, such a collection cannot be found upon the face of the earth. But parties and balls are pretty much the same in Washington os any where else. Etiquette, it may be, is severer here—the art of carding is carried to sublimer perfection. Yet, the chief distinction is, the fine minds, the distinguish ed men, among whom you are thrown. The charm of Washington society is in the array of intellect, of character, of reputation, civil, political, and military, and of that influence which exercises a vast power over the des tinies of our Union. We meet with men and women of the very first order of intellect, assembled from almost all nations, and from the various divisions of our country ; thus concentrating an immense variety of infor- mation, manners, and customs. Talent no where, finds more, who can appreciate its worth—no matter whether it be the mind that thunders ir. the forum, or the foot that trips it gracefully in ine lively da*ice. This is our court, an odd court, indeed it is—but the on- ly difference between us and our brethren over the water, is, that they have court dress es, and rules of etiquette, and we all sorts of dresses, and do as we please. There is no Parisian milliner in our dominions who can spread her wand over our whole Union— nor French Peruquier w ho is monarch over the externals of the head, making every lock tremble at his bidding. As we arc singular in government, so we are singular iu fashions. In such an assemblage, therefore, from so many quarters, costumes necessarily partake of the variety of tastes and fashions. But. enough v I have taken my peep at the court city r ; alighting here, and sipping there ; spurning the bitter and extracting the sweet. R. From the Rose Bud. The Hygrometer at Sineath’s,—If any of our readers have occasion, when travel, ling on the Rail Road, to stop at the first lan ding place from Charleston, formerly Si neath’s, but now Simms’, they may well be- 1 guile u quarter of an hour, in examining a rosontalivos of the Nation. I was in the La- Missouri—farther than from us to New Eng- its capital. They complained that they were 1 buttons, a frizzly head, and an eye like aland cheese, and ginger-bread, into the “loo far down east.’ “But*go,’.’ they said, hawk, erect and earnest, with mouth partly j House, and spread them out, as for a dinner, “if you would see the West, days and days, open—that is Calhoun. He is not nn orator.! upon their mahogany desks I if 1 hud the and hundreds and hundreds of miles up the | —y**t few command so much attention—none | pen of a Trollope, how I would 1 ish them ! land, and beyond the Rocky Mountains, and among the Snake Indians of the Oregon, arid you may find it.” It was the work of a roz- on years to find the.West, end i lur.ied about, in despair. Indeed, I have found no founds more. His voice is bad. Ilis gesticulation j And, indeed, why may I not undertake the is without grace. He is zealous and enthu-! reform, before some Hamilton comes in sinstic. but without being frantic. Ilis appa. j among us, and murders us all, for the sins of rent candor, earnestness, and sincerity com. the few, who, having been but recently caught, maud attention. His voice struggles in his , we li.ive not had time to civilize, so well as throat, and you almost understand the thoughts j we shall by the time another session comes dies’ Gallery, amid a sea of tossing heads, among belles from the sunny South, with their sallow faces, and the blooming girls of thn Northern and Middle Siat<-s: some bleached by the fogs of New-Englund—such as pre vail at Newport, Rhode Island, and along the 1 to my country. I have searched for them for ] swellingthere,and they rush out as fast as words - round ? “ Off with your tegs, then, gentle, coast of Maine, and others, grown pale amid months, in almost every clime—under the can convey them. He speaks in debate as a j men, not from your bodies, but frbm your the swamps of Georgia and the Carolinas, but torrid zone of Louisiana, the land of the or- firmer, in earnest, would talk to his boys, or j desks ! Off with your gingerbread, your ranking in sjilri* h*®i and conversation, all ange and the olive, and beneath the cold sky j a merchant to bis clerks. He steps about, t crackers and cheese ! Cease your snoring \ L hull before me"! A noniY.it of e-ritig rich treasures from a bountiful soil, and I that—and if a man looks inquiring at him, he | sofhs, and no longer repose there, sprawled L i Fayotlo and the flag of the Union were at tile fisherman anchoring bis little bark oiMhc j asks “ I am right, am I uot ?” “ But as I was ' out like leviathans ! Men will talk, whisper, * * “ ‘ tramp, rustle their papers, and yawn; this mv left—in front, u large circular gall ry for rocky island, dropping hid b—.. as carefully j saving, this conservative principle”—“it .« i; lc people,” supported by huge columns, of as if the ocean were full of pearls, ana not Oi meto talk to-day ; I’ve got „ cold,” etc. surpassing grandeur. —mackerel. I have seen the mill-man, saw- ’ I ' 1 * *’ “ And7s this," said I, “ the House of Rep- • ing wood in all variety of forms, on the far- resentatives? Those men, there, with hats ' thest soil of New England ; und 1 have be- on,huzzingan<] chatting, whispering and laugh- j held the sumo wood floating down the Savan- ing—reading newspapers, hemming and cough, nah, or the beautiful Alabama, in the stmn- j,,?. a re they the law-makcrs of our twenty- | gest metamorphoses : it may be, in a clock, four St .tcs ?” A member is speaking, but regularly ticking off llie time-in a pail —per- no! )(!v hears him : und the louder he t iki’, chance in a button ; and for aught l know, i.. the loader iho buzzing. “Sir,” says lie; | a tasteless ham, or an unfragrant nutmeg! “ Sir," again, in ayct loudcrlonc; “Sir j I have never been off the soil of my own coun- and now ia a voice, like ‘ the wry necked 1 try : and yet I have seen the sun «ro down, a fife.’ The Speak-r pricks up and yields his ball of fire, without a moiuent’s twilight, fling- ears : “ Sir, I call the attention of the House j ing over rich, alluvial lands—blooming with to the important fact ” By this time, raagnoli.ts and unless die orator is a favorite, the Speaker’s head is again dropped, and the yawning mem- b:-rs, it may be, have fallen into a quiet sleep. I borrowed a glass—for one can see but lit* tie with unaided eyes athwart the wide.extend. cd hall—to take my peep at a few of the talked, of, the written-about—‘ the Lions.’ “There,” said mv cicerone, «is Mr. Adams, the Ex- lTfcsidcnt, in iiis faded frock-coat, and whits woollen stockings,plodding and plodding, ever plodding. lie is always in his seat, perpet ually at work—keeping a journal, it may be, or writing poetry in a young lady’s album— perhaps studying to ascertain whether Hesiod ts an older poet than Homer;—knowing eve ry thing, interested in every thing—a busy spirit, clogged in cold clay; a small Vesuvius, with a peak of snow—with a heart of fire and a hand of ice.” « And who,” I inquired, «is this other unquiet, slow, moping, head-drop ping body, who seems to live by himself, and range trees—a robe of gold; and again I have stood upon the bare rocks of colder climes, and when the trees were pinched by the early frost, I have marked the samo vanishing rays reflected from the leaves, as if a thousand birds of paradise were resting inthe branches: and when the clouds, stream- ing with red, and purple, and blue,—tinged and tipped by the pencil of B«nn*y—.were floating afar, like rainbows in motion, ns if broken from their confinement—now mingling and interlacing their dyes, and glittering ar. ches, and anon sprinktal over, and mellowing the whole heaven—then I have fancied that I was indeed in a fairy land, where the very forests danced in golden robes,—responding to the setting sun, as the statue of the fabled Memnou gave forth its welcoming notes, os the rays of the morning played upon its sum mit. I have been where the dog star rages, scattering pestilence in its train; whore the long moss hangs from the treeswhere the This is much the manner of Mr. Calhoun.— If an idea comes into his head, out it comes, without regard to rhetorical polish. Mr, Calhoun’s power is in colloquy—animated von are permitted to do ; but I insist upon it, you shall not sleep, you shall not snore, you shall not * feed,’ and’make a stable of your conversation. Men arc willing to listen to a man who talks well,whose declamation might be insufferable. Calhoun links words togeth er—bites off the las: sellable—and often times cats up as it were, whole sentences, iu the rapidity of his enunciation. That tall, well formed man, with a wido mouiii, :l:u1 a countenance indicating every change of thought within, is Clay. He has been so often described, that I shall dwell upon him briefly, here. Nature made him an orator to figure in a free government, in a despotism, his head would have reached the block, for his impudence, before he was thirty. He is good at every tiling. I have never heard such r. voice. It is equally dis- tiuct and clear, whether ut its highest key or lowest whisper—rich, musical, captivating. His action is the spontaneous offspring of the passing thought. He gesticulates all over. Tiie nodding of his head, hung on a long neck, his arms, hands, fingers, feet, and even nis spectacles and pocket handkerchief, aid him in debate. He steps forward aud backward, and from the right to the left, with effect.—. Every feature speaks. The whole body has its story to tell. That is Forsyth, with his arms a-kimbo, head thrown back, spectacles on, laughing at what somebody has to say, who is speaking over the way. I cannot describe his figure, magnificent hall—for if you do, aud the ma ny English travellers who have been hanging on this session, taking notes, don’t print you all, 1 will I” I should like to turn orthoe- pist, too, and teach, the Yaukees to leave off some of the breadth, in their pronunciation of the short words, and to give the long ones more longitude and les3 latitude. The na- sal twang of some of them is abominable. And I «\oild teach the Southrons, likewise, some of them, that stairs were not stars, and clear weather not clar weather. Aud i would say too, that although mighty smart and a mighty smart chance—mighty big, and mighty little, was excellent “ nigger,” dialect, yet it was not so refined, as an orator might use. Btif, after all, albeit you can see in Congress peculiarities of speech and pronunciation enough to indicate wiiat portion of the coun try a member comes from, yet .no country on the earth can assemble people from sueb a wide domain, where one language is spo ken more correctly. The English—talking Irish, Scotch, Berkshire, Lancashire, and all manner of dialects—ought, of all na» tions, to be the lust to laugh at us for our very few peculiarities. Go with me, for a single moment, into Wash' ington society, I can discourse little about 'splendor, magnificent suites of • rooms, and gorgeous furniture; but if I had a woman’s eye, which sees every thing,and marks every thing, I could make out quite a picture. A President’s curious Hygrometer, or instrument to tell the state of the atmosphere, placed under the roof of the piazza. It consists of a box rep resenting a dwelling house, having two doors in front, near the ends. Whou the weather is wet, a little figure representing a little old man, comes out from one of the doors, and ad vances before the house with his hat on. As soon as dry weather approaches, the little man slowly retires back again to the door, and at length enters within, quite out of sight, while the good lady, his wife, advances from the other door, and takes her stand out at the same distance to enjoy the fair weather and sun shine. Sometimes when the weather is neither exactly moist nor dry, you may dis- ccrn the good couple standing both on their own thresholds. But this is not often the case, and you rarely ever see more than oreat a time. I beg all people to admire the exceeding complaisance of this good little old gentleman. He will never let his wife be exposed to the stormy weather, but keeps her within, while he is on ;-Hurt! out of doors. But so :-oon as th’j sunshine appears, he retreats, : nd lets his F-ir dame enjoy the beauty of the sky. And now for the secret of the matter. It is-well known that almost all kinds of strings grow shorter in wet weather than in dry. A common example ia presented in the harp, whose strings will snap, one "by one, in a damp day, unless they are considerably loosened. Now this good lady and gentleman are connec ted together iu some way or other by such a string, which, when it shortens, pulls the old lady in, and when it lengthens, suffers her to move out, acting in the contrary manner on the gentleman. I exhort every married pair to resolve them, selves at once into such an admirable hy drometer. And therefore let them be untted by a sympathetic string, which shall never break, but yield easily this way and that, according to circumstances, whether it be in the wet weather of adversity, or in the sunshine of prosperity. And next, let every gentleman show to his- wedded wife, the same polite and tender be nevolence, which marks- the master oi the. household in our little hygrometer. If he does not go out of doors while she stays with. iD, he can' at least show equal marks of ci. vilify in many other things. He can let her take her turn in iaVcing, if he does- not in mounting guard. He can avoid finding con. stant fault with, her innocent peculiarities. He can praise her good qualities, and ac knowledge her efforts to please him. And so, into a household thus lovingly constituted, the angels as they rush along on some ethe- real rail road,.will take a peep and exclam, « What an excellent hygrometer we have here, to judge of the atmosphere of human notare!" - Yours, &c. gTEAMER Speech ol’.Hr. King, of Georgia, IN THR SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, On Mr. Clay’s Resolutions. Mr. Kino said, ho did not wish to interfere with what ho had no doubt was tho general wish of Sena- tore, to take the question on the remaining resolution without protracted debate. But, 08 it was possible ru'.u- ^ su PPe®od by some, that the vote which ho ten it bis duty to give on this resolution, would bo inconsistent with tho vote which he had given on a previous occasion, he wished to make a few remarks, for the purpose of reconciling the tote which ho should now give, with tho one he had given on tho occasion referred to. My opinion, said Mr. K., on the first resolution, a, vote upon which was taken on yesterday, is well known, and has been now twice expressed in tho Senate. He believed, he said, (and eo had voted) that tho removal of the public money from tho R.™y of the United States, by the Secretary of the Treaau- ry, at the timo the act was done, was impolitic and inexpedient, and calculated to produce, or rather to induce, a great dual of mischief, and not calculated to secure any one desirable end. He said the motives' of the President, and Secretary, had not been very generally questioned, and it was therefore ufmeccs. sary that either ho or others should undertake to do- fend them. The motivos of the President were plain. The President thought the Bank a powerful and cor rupt^ institution, inconsistent with the character of our institutions, and as he states, even dangerous to liberty itself. However this might bo, the object of the President was to destroy it. This was tho end proposed. The means by which he proposed to ac complish this, to him, desirable object, were (he ex. ercise of his veto power, and tho removal of the dc- positeB. The President had discovered that tho Bank of the United States, in the year 1833, had ex. tended its .loans and accommodations to an amount altogether unprecedented in the history of the insti. tution; and he thought from some indications, that it was intended by the direction to make such sudden and extensive contractions of the loans and accommo dations of the Bink, as t o produce a degree -of dis. tress m the community, that would extort from tho people of tho United States a rc.charter of the insti- tution. This, said Mr. K., would have been defeating hia object; and this was what he intended to prevent— Tho President thought, by removing the depositee, to cripple the powers of the institution in the first place. And in tho second place, he expected to afford such a'd to the State Banks as would enable them to re lieve the me re i utile community, from at least a por tion of that distress which he apprehended it was the design of the Bank to inflict upon it. Without dwel ling, however, said Mr. K., longer upon tho mo tives of the President, I will only add, that I think the end did net justify tho means. In fact, ho thought the means employed, most eminently calcu- latod to defeat Iho end which was proposed to be effected by them. He therefore had thought, and twice voted, that however pure the motive, the rea. sous of the Secretary for the removal of the depo- sites wore unsatisfactory and insufficient. But. said Mr. K., does it follow as a necessary consequence, that all there who believo the reasons for the removal at the time tho act was done, unsatis- tory and insulnciou' should fee 1 themselves called on by claims of consistency now, to voto for their restoration? Ho thought not. It was perfectly trCic, lie said, that all thoso who took the samo view of the subject with the honorable Senator from Ken tucky, and believed that the Constitution had been broAcn, that tho laws had liecn violated, and that tho chartered rights of the Bank had been ravished from it, were perfectly consistent—in fact, impera tively called on to voto a restoration of the depo- sitas, whatever might be their opinion of the resto ration a 8 a measure'of expediency; for with this view, a restoration was duo to a broken constitution, to the violated laws,; nay, sir, said Mr. I(., due to tho Bank, for the Bank had private rights os well as individuals, which should be respected. But, said Mr. K., not believing myself that either law or couEtitution lias been violated; or that any right of the Bank has been touched; that tho Bank did not agree in the 16th section of its charter to submit to the discretion of the Secretary, I feel my. self at liberty to look at tho question purely as ono of expediency, and not to vot-: for the restoration, unless I should think that the public good requires it. He Bnid that the diflereuce of opinion between him. self and others, on the constitutional .point, arose, ho thought, from a natural propensity in man to deny the existence of power, where, in their view, it had been improperly exercised; charging usurpation where there has been, at most, only abuse. Between these, said Mr. K., we should carefully distinguish, or we strike at the root of all government. For it should, he said, bo assumed as the basis of all reason ing on tho subjoct of government—-that power must be lodged somewhere. And whenever power was given, an aburo of it wosjui inseparable incident.— Show rr.o a government, said Mr. K., that has no power to do evil, and I'll show you one that has no- power to do good. Power, he said, in different governments, differed more in degree, than in its nature, for the timo being. Iu despotisms, he said, the power was unlimited. In this case, there could be no usurpation; there could only be an abuse of power, and there was no respon sibility for that. In constitutional monarchies, he said, the only li mitation of power is by restriction upon the preroga tive of the prince who is supposed to be the original source of all power, but who on a demand of the people, has con.-ented to divido tho power with them. To tako England as the example, (which was said to be thn freest constitutional monarchy on earth) this would be found the only restriction; for even there, when government acted as a unit, there was no limitation on its power. Parlinment united, was omnipotent, and might take away the right of tho citizen without redress, and even for a usurpation of power, on tho part of a prince, he was not constitu tionally responsible, os he could do no wrong— though in some cases the act might be avoided by a resort to tho judiciary. Not to multiply examples and distinctions, said Mr. K., let us come at once to our own government. Hero our great - security against power consists : - 1st. In a limitation upon the powers of Govern- mont ituolf. with the whole of their power, but have limited the delegation byTt"written constitution; and the Mto oT the Government if authorized, may be annulled by law, at the instance of the humblest mdividual »n tho ’ m ,. n it V And the second, and most important security, consist* in the responsibility of tho agent, and the limited term of his office. If he be guilty oi a criminal usurpation, or abuse of power, he may be criminally punished, either by indictment or by im peachment, according to the forms prescribed by tb» constitution. If he abuse, or misuse power, but not sufficiently to bo reached in either of theso modes, the evil is only temporary, as it can bo peace ably cured by election. With these restrictions, ho said, no great danger was to be apprehended from tho exercise of power; and we should be careful to re- collect, that whilst wo are hastily forcing construc tions to ruin an administration, wo may break up a constitution.