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his friend, when religious and political gla-
diaiors were wanted, «SiC* A comparison <51
the editorial article os l recollect it, with the
first number of the. friends of Equal Rights,
will, I think, lead, any man to the conclu
sion Which 1 adopted.
I should feel regret at having done injus
tice to any individual, nor should I regard
anv subsequent indication ©t hostility, an
apology for bestowing censure upon a trans
action which, as far as I am concerned, was
free from blame. I will remark, howevor,
that writers who employ insinuations and in-
uendoes, in preference to direct language,
voluntarily incur a liability to be misundier-
Ftocd, and they have no right-to complain if
the meaning which is currently attached to
their enigmatical allusions, is,even erroneous
1v, presumed to bo true. S. OLIN.
* New YorkfJuly 8, 1834.
QtT Editors who liavo published Dr. C.’s
communication will please give a place to this.
occasions, I have differed from both tlie great«
parties in Georgia, r i *
I anv now a free citizen of a free county :■
no political club has been organized, by ei
ther party, among us, to give direction fopop-
ular elections, or popular sentiment: Long
may -we be preserved from sack interference!.i powers never delegated to the Federal Gov;
In any state of things which may exist, 1
shall concur with, or oppose both, or either,
or neither, of-the parties, under the new or
ganization, according to the best estimate 1
can form of the wisdom or foliy of their mea-
sures. . - v .. __
Shall I he permitted to say, that a party.
(if purlics must exist,') organized a little dif-J tuined by the self-styled “ State- Rights Purtj
f :jirL • r .i * if ti;* u: /V- .1
iJoUttr.il.
From the Savannah Georgian.
Col. G. M. Troop.—-This gentleman,
whom in 1825, -we were proud to recognize
as © the Champion of State Riglits,” because
he then stood op manfully dor the reserved
rights of the States against the assumption of
eminent, has, we are pleased to fiud, at length
satisfied the doubts of those of his supporters
in 1825, who believed that iie, who had de
clared that ite had entertained an. “ early and
uniform disrelish of the doctrine of Nullifies-
lion, as maintained-by the ruling party in a
sister Stale,” could not approve of .those main.
of
From the Georgia Journal.
no. xw.
Acts to enforce the Embargo and the Tariff—
Coercion of. a State—Law of Nations—
Opinions of Mr. Calhoun and Gov. Troup,
In attempting to discriminate between the
act of 1809 and the act of 1833, it is some-
times said that the Embargo was intended to
coerce a foreign nation ; while the act of 1833
was intended io coerce one of the United
States. This distinction will not avail. The
general government has as much power to
enforce its domestic policy, in the exercise
of the delegated powers, as it has to euforcc
its foreign policy ; and surety one of the States
has no more right to counteract the domes
tic policy of the country, than it has to coun
teract her foreign policy.
But why should we blink the question
State coercion ? What are States ? They are
inoral persons; susceptible of obligations,
which they ore not nt liberty to disregard
Way they be coerced? Some of them may
History is full of State coercion. The law
of nations authorizes it; Calhoun sustains it
; Troup sustains it; Jefferson sustains
What says the law of nations? “ Every one
ouglitto render to others what belongs to
tht(n, to respect their rights,” Ac. © From
.ibis intUspeusible obligation which nature irn
poses on nations—results the right of every
. State not to .suffer any of its privileges .to
taken awey,” Ac. ■© This right is perfect
'that is, accompanied with the right of using force
4ovUtl;eil observed.” (Vattel, 13. 2. ch.
’ See. U1 j 5, end 6.) Now if 4ho U. (States
-do, in certain respects, constitute a nation
.State, (as Mr. Jefferson, Col. Taylor, and
other orthodox statesmen have believed,) at
the same time that they remain separate states
in other respects; then the right of coercion
attaches to that nation or that State ; and
may “ not suffer any of its privileges to be ta
ken away, or any thing which lawfully be
fongs to it.” -
What says Mr. Calhoun ? In the report
of Mr. Rivcs’s speech on the bill further
nroviJcibr the collection of duties on imports,
(commonly called the force bill,) I find the
following: © Mr. Calhoun again explains.
He had contended that if a State should re
sume the power granted to the general gov.
eminent, such resumption would only be a
breach of' compact, for which the State, as a
community, would be responsible, and not its
citizens individually.” I find the same idea
in Mr. Calhoun’s great speech, on his celebra
ted resolutions. To-what, then, would a State
bo responsible for a breach of compact? To
petition and remonstrance? To reason and
argument? This is no! the meaning of Mr.
Calhqua: He meant that it would be subject
ft* punishment. Now the right to punish a
State for a violation of its engagements, pre
supposes a right tc enforce those engagements.
And the law of nations says ; « As the en
gagements of a treaty impose on the one
hand a perfect obligation, they produce on
the other a perfect right.” (Vattel, B.. 2,
ch. 12, See.. 164.) A perfect right may be
enforced bv the sword..
, What says Gov. Troup ? In bis letter, da.
ted, Washington, 26th Dec. 1832, he says ;-—
t: As States may do very imprudently and un
wisely,' what they have a right to do, -it be.
comes them to act very deliberately and cau
tiously, because it is lawful for other States
to unite against them to compel a fulfilment
of their obligations under the public law.”
Docs he say any thing materially different in
his letter to Major Howard t *1 know not.
If he docs, however, I might not be able to
go with him in the change. One thing I can
not approve in the letter just mentioned.
Speaking of a declaration of war against one
of the United States, he says tr—©-Other Suites
roay combine to declare if, but they do so as
Sovereigns, to enforce stipulations of the con
tract if they please,,or for-cpy/ other purpose
they please. If they declare war, and subju
gate a State, they may divide it, and make'
it-parts of two adjacent States, with the eon-,
sent of those States; but these are tho rights
of war and conquest.” Against these 'rights
of © war and conquest;” agnin8l this right of
PARTITION; (unhappyPOLAND !) I enter mv
forma) protest. EXAMINER.
April 30th, 1834.
fercntly from either of the existing parties,
would l>e more acceptable to me, and as I
believe, to a large class of citizens ? Such a
party should perhaps have the name as well
as the principles of State Eights and. .Union
Party-—beginning with State Rights, and end
ing with Union, but retaining State Rights
throughout. - . * .
hi any prohibit: state of things which may.
arise ; under any possible arrangement.of par
ties ; I shall be and remain, as 1 am now es
sentially and decidedly a State Rights and
Union Man. EXAMINER.
Juno 16th, 1834. 1 . ’■ *
From the Standard of Union
NO. XIV.
This series was -intended for publication
in the Georgia Journal; but, after the appear
ance of the thirteenth number, and the trails-
mission of the three succeeding ones, the fur-
thef. publication was declined by the editors.
State Coercion—Opinion of Mr. Jefferson—
Various Views and Constitutional Provisions.
In my last number, I- protested against the
right claimed for the states to declare war;
to subjugate and dismember a state : One
of the objects in forming the -Constitution,
was, to exclude this evil. © It could uot hut
occur to every one,” says Mr. Jefferson, in
the introducting note to his And, © that these
separate independencies,” {the States without
a federal Constitution] ©like the petty states
of Greece, would be eternally at war with each
other,” Ac. © All, then, must have looked
forward to some further bond of union, which
would ensure internal peace, and a political
SYSTEM OF OCR OWN, INDEPENDENT OF* TUAT
op Europe.” Having secured this « system
of our own independent of that of Europe,”
I am unwilling, iu cases provided for by the
Constitution, to be remitted to a state of na
ture, to the Law of Nations, or even to the
old Articles of Confederation.
But what says Mr. Jefferson on the sub
ject of statc-cocrcion ? From one of the pub
lic papers, it appears that, * in a letter to Mr.
Carrington in 1787, Mr. Jefferson said ;—
“ Where two parties make- a compact, there
results to each a .power of compelling the oth
er to execute it. Compulsion was never so
easy as in our case, when a single frigate
would soon levy on the commerce of- any
state,the deficiency of its contribution." Oth-
cr and similar extracts from Mr. Jefferson's
writings are before me.
Am I then fond of statc.cocrcion ? I am
not : The direct action of the United States
on persons and things, regardless of unauthor
ized interference on the part of separate
states, excludes the necessity for acting on
states. Indeed, «force is but a wretched
expedient against those who spurn at justice
and refaso the remonstrances of reason: yet,
this is the ultimate method to which a nation
must have recourse, when every other proves
ineffectual.”
But, it is said, this is the right of the states
separately, and not of the states collectively :
that the states may "© combine” or © unite,”
:';r the purpose of exerting it; but Congress
may uot exert it. This is in the very teeth
of Georgia.” Wishing, for our part, defeat
and not success to tlie party so styled in our
© beloved Georgia”—not viewing our Govern
ment as either “-r/c/otts” or “corrupt,” and
trusting that © the old will live to achieve and.
qnjoy” a triumph cf the principles of Jefier-
son and Madison over those of Calhoun, Coop
er and Co.—and thereby rescue tlie .princi
ples of the former from the misconstructions
of the latter, (misconstructions which Troup
himself lias not beeu able to persuade himself
are consistent with peace and the Constitu
tion of these States.) We cannot coincide
with the sentiments of Col. Troup as expres
sed in the following answer to a “Committee
appointed in behalf of a portion of the State
Rights Party of Bibb County,” to ask bis ac
ceptance of a public dinner in Macon (where
Col. Troup had arrived on Ins way to the In
dian Springs) at such time as may best sub
serve his .convenience. .We solemnly believe
that the Union Party of Georgia are contend
ing for principles, essential- to the existence
of the Union of these States.
Drawing those.principles from the Sages
whose minds were formed, coeval' wrh the
States Senate,- and her own Jjidgcs ofoydis-..
pule h. V -■ v' - - '-~t : v ’
The" caSe is now With herself; qnd she
has nothing to do iii seeuringto her. citizens;
their rights in that territory, hut to elect rep
resent itives who'Will legislate with wisdom
and firmness, and who ivitf appoint’ Judges
who shall be ready and willing to carry their
acts into effect...
We shall then he relieved from the annoy,
nnce of the Supreme Court and foe United
States Senate, and the dockets of our own
Courts from Indian Injunctions. .And a!) this
will as surely, come to pass, as the people of
Georgia are what we know them to be—on-
lighted—firm and patriotic.
Usury Laws.-—Professor Dew, of Will jam
and Mary College, Virginia h*rs published
well written © Essay on the interest of money
and the policy of lpws against' usury.” Alu
exhibits the ill effect of such laws Upon the
pecuniary interests of lenders and borrowers,
and upon tlie public morals. He takes the
ground which every writer must, take, wfio
would have the reputation of possessing the
least particle of good sense. The. superiuri
ty of the principles of free trade iu regard to
money, are indeed now, we believe, univer
sally admitted. Yet such is tlie sluggishness
of legislation, and the fear of offending thr
prejudices of a fcw persons who. live in the
dark, that usury laws are still ulmost even
where maintained. Even in the enlightened
State of Massachusetts it was with difficulty
that some modification was secured lust win
ter. In flolland there arc-no usnry laws,
and there the rate of interest is lower than
any where else, in the world.
Those who suffer most severely under Usu-
(Sewijpral S&tciu&etice,
same hum
canc would flood the city of New Orleans u
nil the plantations of lower Louisiana. * ^
The land rises as you pass inlmid-notl
than two feet to the mile, and is S q ^
undulating us to let the water pass oft - casil-
-There is a border of prairie, five or i’
miles broad,, between tho timbered land Ji
the sea. The shore affords no troos, u
plenty of timber. Pieces of wood of all som
shapes and dimensions, are brought hettvl
thu. prevailing easterly winds.
ry laws, are the money, borrowers; and es-
birth and early growth of that Union, (we q/~I P ec **iUy those in- bad credit. . Hub is quit
• ‘From the Georgia Journal.
TO THE PUBLIC.
Circumstances which I could not control
have prevented the further publication of my
numbers in the Georgia Journal; they, will
probably appear in another paper. I have
collected authorities of tpo much importance
to be suppressed. In addressing you through
« new organ, I abandon no, man, nor. set of
men. Thank Heaven, I have never been
tied |.q nny man, nor any party. I have gen’
orally ttetod, with a great deni of pleasure,
with the old Troup party, because 1 generally
thought withthem: when I thought different
ly, l acted differently; and one of the great
«st satisfactions o/my life, is, that I have rc- J
cefito&widtncfflktA, on several memorable
course allude to the Republican Sages Jef
ferson and Madison,) we will . battle fur
those principle's and seek to perpetuate them,
regarding the political opinions of meu only
so far as we deem them compatible with the
principles we love and are proud to cherish.
We arc not prepared lor Revolution. Our
country is too flourishing—our condition as
citizens of that country, too prosperous.
It will be time ettough to resort to Revolu
tion, when we are satisfied that Americans
arc our foes. VVe believe them brethren in
feeling and in principle, and will not therefore
throw fuel into the flame which ambitious
demagogues would raise to destroy their and
our liberties. We steer clear of Nullification
and Consolidation. The self-styled ©State
Riglits” men would force us to one alterna
tive, which, if seized upon as a safe, a peace
able alternative, will prove delusive—will be
found so anarchical in its tendency, as even
tually to drive us into the other—Consolida
tion. We are for Constitutional remedies for
unconstitutional laws. Troup has said, the
only constitutional remedy for them is “the
ballot box.” Why then does he wish success
to a Party who advocate doctrines leading to
Revolution ? Wherefore does he wish suc
cess to such a Party ? If George McIntosh
Troup is a Nullificr—thank Heaven we are
not so © young” or so © enlightened” as to
be led away hy ms (or any other man’s) ad
vocacy of a doctrine so incompatible with the
genius and spirit of our Institutions.
Macon, July 29th, 1834.
Gentlemen ;—Accept my acknowledger
mentsTor youi recollections of any services
I may have formerly rendered—they are not
without recompense when my fellow citizens
of Macon so affectionately extend to me the
hand of friendship; it is all 1 could ask and
all I Will receive. It may'bc my happiness
to mingle with them,again ; whether 1 do or
not, ihc State Rights Party of Georgia have
my best wishes for their success—engaged
on the side of liberty aguinst a vicious .and
just; for such laws have their origin in the
efforts of such persons unfairly to curtail the
profits of those with whom they deal. But
instead of accomplishing their object, they
subject- themselves to the'payment of tho pen
alties which they desire to,inflict on others:
for in addition to the rate of interest which
they would otherwise he compelled to pay,
they must pay the lender a premjqm to guar
antee him against injury from the violation of
the laws.
Usury laws do much to increase the sever
ity of money pressures. When money is.
scarce, the price of it rises, as docs the price
of every thing else under the same circum
stances. High prices were instituted as part
cf the system, (or the purpose of drawing in
supplies more rapidly. When money is high,
there is generally a want of confidence, which
iu some degree prevents its being brought
freely into market as other commodities nre
when they arc scarce. Usury laws increase
tlie evil, for they keep many sums of money
back, because the owners will either not break
the laws of the country, however bad, or be
cause they will not for any premium, put
their capital at the risk of legal forfeiture.
Usury laws operate to aggravate the mischief
they are intended to cure, and in every way
do mischief aud nothing else—Jour. Com.
of the Coasiitution: that instrument says;— corrupt Government, they must eventually
i4 No st.ite shall anv trnntv. nllinnoo I
No state shall cuter into any treaty, alliance,
or confederation © No state shall, without
the couseiit of Congress, enter into anv agree
ment or compact with another state, or en
gage in a war unless actually invaded, or in
such imminent danger as will not admit of
delay.” The Constitution also gives Con.
toss power © to luy and collect duties, im
posts and excises ;”-© to regulate commerce;”
“to declare war;” ©to raise and support aj.
triumph. The enlightened young men of the
country, whatever may become of the old
and imbecile, will live to achieve and enjoy it.
With great consideration mid regard j gon-
tlctncn, \our follow citizen.
G. M. TROUP.
Thomas R. Lamar, Iverson H. Jones, \
Charles Collins, Lemuel Newcomb,
Levi Eckley, Committee.
mics; © to provide and maintain a navy ;” I
to provide lor calling forth the militia to ex
ecute the laws of the Union, suppress insur
rections, and repel invasionsand © to make
all laws which may be necessary and proper
for cqrrying into execution the foregoing
powers, and all other powers vested by the.
Constitution iu the'government of the United
Slates, or in Roy department or officer there,
of.” It is also the sworn doty of tho Presi
dent to © fake case that die-laws be faithfully
executed.”
But it is said these provisions relate to ca-
sea provided for, and not to cases which arc
not provided for: that the general government 1
may. enforce constitutional and .legitimate
measures, but not those which are not consti r
tutional or legitimate. Granted: But the
general government must of necessity .. judge
for itself, (though the states may judge for
From the Standard of Union.
The, CHEROKEES.-^Since the refusal of
the Senate of the United Stittcs, to act upon
the treaty lately concluded with the Chero-
kees, through the management of Clay, Web
ster and Calhoun, and the decision of our
own Judges iq the Injunction cases, we learn,
that the Indians have abandoned all idea of
making any arrangements for removing be
yond our limits.
They say with tho Supreme Court, the
Senate of-the United States, and the Superb
or Courts of Georgia on their side, they have
nothing to fear : and that being in possession
of the best, lands in the territory, they can
stand it as long as the whites can, upon the
poor lands. : - r • , '
This is fearful odds to the honest laboring
man, who has drawn a valuable tract-of land,
and wishes to settle and improve it for the
benefit of himself and family- ; but fearful as
The Aurora, in the course of some ob
servations on the United States Bank, relates
the following anecdote.
« The occasion should not be lost to state a
fact, worthy in its result of tho days of Aris
tides and Socrates. After the rejection by-
t he senate of one of those nobles of nature
nominated for a public station, six of the
senators were so overcome with shame, for
the part they had been betrayed or bullied to
act. that they signified iu such a manner as
to have it made known to the President and to
the already rejected, that if the President
would again nominate him for any office
whatever, he should have their six votes.
When it was nniiouuced to the rejected
man, what was his reply? ©I cannot trust
ray honor to the keeping oftlioae who have
already forfeited their'own Such wits the
reply of RogerB. Taney, of Maryland. Long
may he live to the. honor-of his nati ve state,
arid io the estimation ofhis country at large..
Incidents of public virtue and integrity like
this, arc the harbingers of public happiness.
There are thousands who would act in the
same spirit, but few havc bad the eibvtabls for.
tunc to-find occasion so. to prove tliemsielvcs.”
thcmielees} what mea^ires are constitHtional I it i B , j t will be o ercome without the aid o
It is confidently asserted, that the purpose
of the Bunk to extend its discounts, whs
known to a favored few in New York and
Philadelphia some-days before it was unneiun.
ced to the. public. . (
It is said that James Watson Webb,r one
of the Bank’s confidential Editors and agents
in New York, was of that number, and avail-
ing himself of the information, purchased
§360,000 to 500,000 in stocks, that he might
make a fortune from tho expected rise.
It is said that Thomas Biddle,the “accom
plished Broker,” - (cousin lo Nicholas, who
sometimes gets a.million of dollars- from tlie
Bank at-five per cent;, when merchants* tra-
| ders, and mechanics cannot get a thousand
at six, visited New York and purchased
largely in stocks just before the late an-
nouucemcut of the Bunk—-Globe.
and legitimate. Without this power r- it is.
obvious that the general government could
nut exercise its functions.
- Indeed, if the states may © combine to de
clare war” -against each other, in order ©- to
eiifbrce stipulations of the contract,” (the fed-
oral constitution;) if they may © unite” against'
nullification or accession.
The ©only constitutional remedy” will be,
found fully adequate to the-case; and if we I
ore not greatly out in our calculations, the
ballot boxes will settle that question on the
first Monday in October next.
We had entertained some lingering hope
eueb ether “to compel a fulfilment of tbeirjjof a satisfactory adjustment of our difficulties
obligaiitmg under the public law,” (as assert-[ with the Cfierokces, during the present year,
od in Col. Troup’s two letters,) it may well! but wehavenofurtherhopesbntthofee which rest
be asked if the combination formed by the [upon the people of Georgias for so long as
iUafiral - :c IT > -T 1 n - ■ /• 1 Yy . t. > n.
federal constitution; if the Union tdready ex-
isting; may not act for the same purposes?. _ y _.,
I mast uckuowfodge fl appears to me that the! with the Gherokees, no
combimijion °** ’89 i that the existing Union ; igeous to Georgia, will c
was formed for the purpose of meeting everv " ' 1 ' *
emergency—acting Q f course according
the Senate of the United Sutes is.governed
by- Clay, Webster and Calhoun, no Treaty
matter how kdvuntti-
ever be ratified; - such 1
All Tip. DECENCY.^—The Boston Morning
Post states, that “ while the Money Kitig,
Mr. Nicholas Biddle, was in that city, he ac-
cepted an invitation to sup with some of his
partizan friends, where the piece of wood
split from the Figure Head, upon-the bows-
of the Cimstitution; was placed in a dish upon
the table. Previous to this important exhibi
tion, the servants, wero aft turned out of the
room, and the doors locked., hut so delighted
were some of. the company with this great ex-
pluit, that they were unable to keep the se.
cret within their bosoms. A. yery dignified
scope this must have been, and Mr. Biddle’s
participation in it, adds much to tho respect
Correspondence of the Neu> Orleans Bulletin.. '
-'. • Gule Prairie, (Texas) June 2H, 1834.
'■Dear Sir;—You wish to know what I dis
like. mi Texas, autLfor svhut I Me the country.
' t will tell yon. You shall have-a fair ac-
■0uut"of the evit as as well \ds of the good.—
iiut the story is too Ipng for one letter—so k
will make a beginning iu this, and finish iu a
future epistle.
... The worst and sorest evil of the country it
must be admitted, is the unsettled state of the
lovorment. . The uncertainty—the dread
that rests uppn men’s mind's, that their prop»
<;rty is not secure—that tlie oppressor may
come.in and deprive them of tneir homes—
«f tfieir means of subsistence-—of tficir liber-
ty. This evil is imaginary, for in truth a
man is as secure in' his' person and property
in this country, at this time, as.he would be
in any ilirohtier settlemcnfdf die United States.
But apprehended calamities and imaginary
evils are the chief causes of unhappiness fn
•ibis world. - • \ *
Time will cure this complaint. ' Tliccoiln-
.ry is hecoming populous. The people pos
sessing courage and intelligence aro flocking
m from tlie East and the West and the'North.
New habitations are spinging up, upon the
lorder of- every- prairie^—upon tire skirts of
every for 'st.' At this day, Texas, if she
wished it, could declare herself an Iudepen
dent nation;.and could maintain it too, by the
-word. At another time I will give you her
reasons for not wishing to separate from Mex
ico. Slie has within her natural boundaries.
territory as extensive as the Kingdom of
France, and she is capable of supporting a3
large a population as France. More than
tinny millions.
Wo feel here forcibly the trutii of Mr. Jef
ferson’s assertion in the Declaration of Inde
pendence,.Unit experience proved that people
were naturally disposed to .submit.to the in
conveniences of a bad government—so long
as they wore-supportable—-rather than resort
to forcible means for establishing a better.
Texas complains~of being oppressed bv the
Federal Government of. Mexico. She feels
the want of a local State Government. Mex
ico refuses her the privillegc of becoming a
member of the confederation—although it is
a privilege which She has a right to claim by
a supreme and irrevocable law of the-land.
Colonel Austin, the agent of Texas, is de
tained in prison at the city of Mexico, and
charged with treason, for advocating this the
legal claim of his constituents. We are not
yet satisfactorily asssured of his acquittal and
release. _< . -
Coahuila, to which Texas is united,against
her will, makes laws, many of which remain
a dead letter in Texas, and such uf them on
ly, as suit the. views of the colonists, are exe
cuted. j.' '
The people elect their own- magistrates,'
and-justice is administered ujkur the broad
grounds of natural right apd wrong, without
examining written codes.
The colonists, when they assented to the in
vitation to settle in this Country, expected that
they were * in a republic—a government, in
which every man is entitled to a voice in ma
king the laws; and they are not willing to
relinquish a right which they claim as inher
ent and- unalienable.’' They cannot forget
that the people are sovereign—that the Jaws
which affect themselves ia thefr local con
cerns, shoul be made by themselves.
This right they may waive temporarily, but
will never relinquish : and .Afextco cannot
wrest it from them.
This evil of imperfect Government-is but a
temporary evil. It . will bo cured-before long
In oneway or another^. People oris not naturally
disposed to quarrel with good laws-=—let them
spring from what source they'witL '
The Legislature, of Coahuila have, lately
enacted some salutary laWs, by which Texas
will be greatly benefited ; and this will go
far towards healing the breaches and recon
ciling Texas to continue the partnership a
while longer.
It is understood, that by* these la\vs, the
judiciary svtem is changed. The trial by ju
ry is established. All Religions are tolerated;
and ii'ow a man may freely worship iris God
© according to the dictates of fcis owa con
science.” -. . y
Tliis opens a door for great numbers* of
valuable' emigrants who have heretofore been
excluded by religions intolerance
There is not a. Church of. any:dendmina :
♦ion in Austin’s old Colony, a district of coup,
try one hundred and twenty miles (broad, bv
one hundred and fifty in length : and contain
ing already several thousand families: And
such is the fertility of soil and salubrity of
climate, that the - population rq a y he increased
beyond the conceptions of - the untravelled
multitude.
•In my rambles, T have visited the banks of
the River? Roanoke, James, Potomac, Dda
ware, Hudson, Connecticut, Mcrrimac, Ken
itebec, Gennessee, Niagara, Detroit, Wabash
Miami, Scioto, Ohio, Kentucky, Cumberland
Tennessee,' Alabama, and Mississippi, and on
none of these rivers have I found a spot capable
of supporting so large a population as sonie in
Ibis country. Your own Bayou Lafourche of
Louisiana, supports cxclu^ivelyjrorn agricul
turc, probably .a larger population thiur-uly
district of equal extent in tho United States
—but the Caf.ey of Texas .is capable of sup.
porfm'g a larger population than Laiburche
You are curious to know the cause of this
extraordinary fertility. It is this. Tlie soil
is i mpregnatcd with muriate of soda; Incros-
tutions of salt are found in dry weather; in
many places, upon tUc surface of the gr^ind
resembling.frost upon'a plank m,a. cold mor,
'Thq Sea-Island cotton planters of Carr,?’
and Geprgia manure their lands with salt
Here nature has manured the land aJy*'
vites the ^cultivator. Texas will or. R fl ‘ n *
produce more Sen-Island cotton than
coasts of the Atlantic ^north of Florida,
soil along the sea-coast, appears to be m ^
mud, from which the waters havo retired ^
is above all ordinary high tides, and so h ^
thitt a man may gallop his horse on terra
to the sea shore. From Galveston bay sqm*
west-wardj there is less low, wet, marsh 1^
than in any similar extent of sea coas* i,
United-States.
It is true n hurricane might bring the
over some of tho laud—but the
Look outfrom vbur city upon the “ fathero-
Waters,’*, and hail the gigantic representative
of the forests of the north, as they passv^
roots and limbs aloft. Ask © where Lou a ('>
and they will answer © Texas.”
The iimbersVptanks, and spars of ships
broken and scattered by the tempest of the
"reatsca-^-fmd a resting place upon thisshere'.
The rushing waters sweep villages f r0R
the banks of : the Ohio—the fragments a: c
strewed upon the Coast of Texas.
Every thing is attracted to this land, ft j s
a mighty magnet, attracting alike the smallest
moto and the prouclest productions of creation.
It is tho paradtso of Herdsmen.
The gardeners of Italy and France are it.
vited. The one will find rich plants which
even the fertile fields of Lombardy cannot sar-
pass. The other may prune his olive and
( lrc'ss lus vino upon the suuny side of m<ra.
tains as lovely as skirt the shores of tho Mri.
itcraneari.
Yours,
^ isJhnir vindiertve-hatred of General Jackson. h ® ” 6nt ^ d to 1 V om IUe American people.”
to.| Geoi^a is a sovereign'State, and must j cnnsytor.ntan. , - r - - y
Jackson Mdnky.—Gold pieces are alrea-
; ,th® previsions, end only, accordiog^to4be pror {look to hrraslf.' Her- right of eoil and jmris-
visjonsjof tbft«85lRuflon. • - —
Jlayi 1804.
examiner.
diction to that country,'is as absolute, as it is dy coming ' into circulation. Halves and
■ Jbe public square in Milledgevdle, how- {quarters of eagles begin to take'the places' of
ever much ; the Supremo Court, the United [small notes.
The following are the proceedings of the
people in a portion of Country where uj
courts have yet been established by law.
The last “'Caleniau” contains an acconat
of the tri.il and execution of Patrick 0’Con.
ncr, at Debuque’s Mines, for the murder of
his partner iu business, Geo. O’Keefe, on
the 25th ofMaj r . The proceedings seen to
have been conducted with great unanimity,
and all the precision of a Court of Justice.
A regular inquest was held—a verdict tec.
dered—and tho crrmiual taken into custody.
On the following day ho was tried by a jury
of twelv.e citizens, taken from tho multitude;
the right of challenge of jurors was allowed
and exercised : and tlie privilege of counsel
granted him. The jury was a worn, witness
es testified, and the jory retired to makeup
their verdict. The prisoner was declared
guilty of murder; and tho verdict goes onto
state, that “ inasmuch as the security of tue
Uvea of the good citizens of this country re-
quires that an example should be made, to
preserve order, and to convince evil &.
posed persons that this is not a place where
the Jives of men.may be taken with impunity,”
they-were of opinion that the said O’Conner
should fee carefully scctiretl until the 20th of
Jqne, Upon whioh xkiy he should be hunj.
Prior to the execution, a meeting of the pej-
plo Was hcldj at, which all the necessary at-
jaDgemcuts were made to enforce the see-
tence, and the officers and guards were ap
pointed. At 12 o’clock on the day appointed,
the prisoner was taken to the place of execu
tion ; and in the presence of 1,500 citizens,
suffered the penalties adjudged against him.
The whole proceedings were marked by reg
ularity and good order; and by mutual con
sent of all,every tippling house was kept clos
ed, and not a.drop of spirits sold until after
ihc execution.
nmg. These
of vegitation.
SBC
Wi
ots are small and destitute
ell* dug in these placedgivo
water strong enough to float an egg^ and at
J the sea coast ^ afford water having something
of a' gunpovt’deV stoefl.y. . . - ’ , s . _ .
r it is to the-neigUforhond of the Sea coast
D.
Steam Boat Burnt.—The schr. Rice
Pfatit, Capf. Gordon, arrived yesterday from
Georgetown, having on board as passsngers.
Capt.^ Gardiner, and crew, ten in number, o:
the steamboat Water Raleigh, from Elizabeth
City, bound to tins - port, which vessel was
discovered to be on firer in the hold,oa Tues
day night last, about 8 o’clock, Georgetown
fight'becringij. I»y W. distant twelve miles.
In about live minutes after the flame was first
observed, the flames hnd spread so rapidly,
that the officers and crew were compelled t<-
nbandon the vessel aud take to tho boat, with
out saving, any thjng, with the exception o
what they had on ; and, fortunately, wcri
picked up by tho Rice Plant. The Water Ra
loigh w’as intended to run regularly betwcci
this port and Columbia.—Courier.
India Rubber Carpets.—Dr. Jones o
Mobile., k> a letter to Prof. Silliman, says
“Having some India rubber varnish left wliici
was prepared for another purpose, the though
©ecured to me, of trying it as a covering fo
a carpet, after the following manner:—A pied
of canvass was stretched and covered with i
thin coat of glue (com.meal size will probabj;
answer best,) over this was laid a sheot o
common brown paper, or newspaper, an
another coat of glue added, over which wa
laid a pattern of house papering with rich fig
ures. After the body of the ,carpet was thu
prepared, a very thin touch of glue was cal
riedoVer the-face of the paper, to prevet
tiie Iqdia rubber.varnish from tarnishing tli
beautiful colors of the paper. After this wa
dried* one or two coats (as may be desired) <
India rubber Garnish were applied, wliic
when dried, formed a surface as smooth i
polished ^ass, through which the variegate
colors of the paper appeared with ondiminisl
. c , c ,.. _ cd, if not with increased lustre. This carp'
a little, distance.you wdl pCfhaps bad- wella cff fo quite durable, and is irripenctrable to watt
gooiFfresh .water-y-bitt hiany. of thef wells near r ar omnaA anv descriDtion. When soil*
Or grease of any description. W'ben
it may be washed, like a-smooth piece <
marble or wood.If gold- orsilveolcaf fora
the last coat instead of papering, e*?4 the va
thattbeealtgrouBds are t»<fot frequeffifly fou»d; | ttisfi i8 then applied nothing can, exceed ft
'