Southern banner. (Athens, Ga.) 1832-1872, February 19, 1841, Image 1

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Newspaper Page Textw BY ALBON CHASE. ATHENS, GEORGIA, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 19,1841. VOL. IX-NO. 49, V-'it . 1 gL-L.JJJ1l9l.lJi»i BEHB Tin: SOUTHER* ISAXSER, ] h published in Athens Cin. over the lloofc-Slorc of S. Tenney Ar Co. every Friday morning. •iloUtim jxt year, payable in advance, or Four j TKIIM.*.—Tli dotlao at tin- «vi.l Anv ..ul»!***rU»*T foiling to give* notice* of his de**irc to disrontinue hi* .-nl»s*-ri|»t»on at tit#- expiration of the time for which it lm» been paid, will be considered as wishing to continue* it, and held liable wcrordinjjlv. No p.»jH*r will be di.s.*o!ititm« , «l, levept at the option of the publisliei.i until all arrearage* are paid. \ j' All Leiiers to the liditor on uuttor* connected with the cs- al lbhtueut. must be /w»"l piij in order to seeme attention. Kates of Advertising. I«ettcr* of ('it at ion. - .... S-* 7."» Notice to Debt*»r.» and <*redit*»rs, ( Hi dn\s) - - 3 *”». Four Mouths* Nothe*. - - • - 4 01) Sale* of Personal |*ro|*ertv, bv Executors, Administra tors. or (lu r lian>, 3 23 Sale* of band- or NV-ruo. bv do. - - 1 ?*’» A]»pli'*:itto- tor betters of Dismission, by Administra tor* a id Executors, - • • - - -1 . r »0 Application for ditto, l.v f Sii.inlinns, - - * U ^ H r Alton.- ing cjndid lies for olKce, Five Dollars, ptjtable i aWrtacr. i r* itn-bnds a \vcrti.ing their le paid invariably in a«lv»»»»«-e. tIthcr Adcciti.Mniicnts, el M»l fo Oglethorpe, -Itli do Lincoln, Hancock, Warren, Wilkes, Taliaferro, 1st 1st 2d 1st 1st do do do in do and June, in February and July, in Feb. and Aug. in February and Aug. in .May and 4th Sept, in-June and December, j WESTERN CIRCUIT. Franklin, 4th Monday in January and July. Rabun, 1st do in July and January. • Gwinnett, 2d do in June and December. Jackson, 1st' do in January and July. ! Clark, lib do in Octo' er and 2d in May. | Habersham, 2d do in July and January. ( Hall, 4lh do in do do Walton, 3d do in May and November. CUMULI I EE CIRCUIT. 2d Monday in July and January. til* ■T If il.li-li.-.l V ..I tnv'./y contiiiimu a.»l m*xii.ti\, i’» cr*i».s fir «•»<*» *'i iu«y l« in i.V for n.lv.-rtiM'.e U lb. Anvmri-rMKSI* rl.oill abyi; iiwroaii* m.irkfi ii|.m liicin wi.e will l>- jnihlisllml . JO' N..ii.-. „fil V.\rculors.or I*.la • U. il«V of - ill-. Tlic-.l- .IIVrH e.l forif .).•«■ prrvi X.rti.- lo.l«-l.l..l forty <l:e ». Nsll' ** itlal A|.Ji for lev* lo ,.•!! I. Noli. .- •!> ,i A pi ill |.« rllRrsrtl So. Iw.lv.- line, of M, .,,.1 Cal for .- k. «W i j Wilkinson, j Jones, i Jasper, 1 j Baldwin, , I (Ireene, j Morgan. I’utu.ini, ■ rl. i It! i -Ith •Hli 2d 1st 3d • lo do do do do do in January and July, in January and July in June and December, in do do in do do t.nv •Bed a.-. I N-.-r Sqiccial contract. , Twiggs, dcaircl „,„„t,rrof;. 1 I ‘' nVU,!, ' S - U.iotv. 1 I •-•‘fair, . to A.Wmix'rHort, ] Irwit), ,iy ilnyt |ireviun. 10 Laurens, al froprev, in lik«- maiiM-r. nmat 1-— publi.slt- ^ l ^'V. M..il,.'.»k j ApjHjj.jx, mil crc-!itor* **f an estate, must be publisher 1 \y arc;, must be puhli.slicl i .sornmuN ciucrrr. 4lh Monday in Mardf and September. 1st do in February and August. 1st do in January and July. 1st do in April and 2J in October. 4th do in January and 1st in July. 1st do in June aiul December. 2 1 do in April and October. 3.1 do in June and December. 4th do in do do »i« i,t»t»lS* lion w ill be i or Negro**-, i hoUNx illbc I! .1 r/»iV*v »J«y\ COURT CALEMIUR. Superior Courts. nil- to the Court of tlrjiiinry. I ,-l I... |mli:i.-*h**<l /tar ni.->«l)«. { RibU, for t.-Hioa of A liuini-tra- ‘ |l„„ s j on Butts, (.'raw ford. Upson, I)»m —! J’ikf, ’ ~! Mi JANUARY. 1st Monday, Twiggs 2nd “ RichiuonJ “ Pulaski “ Chatham FEBRUARY. 1st Monday, Randolph •* * Padding “ Bibb 2nd “ ('lark •• < biss 3rd “ Walton 11 Crawford •• Wilkes •• Early •• Cherokee 4th “ J u kson “ Meriwether “ Forsyth “ Upson “ Div-atur MARCH. 1st Monday, < .n'.veta. •• ‘ Baker “ Morgan “ Mario i “ l.umpkin " Pike “ l.aurrns “ Sumter “ Taliaferro 2u.l “ Columbia “ late “ Fayette “ Greene •• Harris •* Madison “ Union “ Monroe “ Gunmen 3rd Monday, Butts “ Dooly “ Elbert •• He Kalb “ Gilmer “ I! .11 “ Putnam “ Talbot 4th “ Bulloch ** Cobb -• Macon “ llarria “ Newton *• Baldwin « Walker “ Murray “ Washington ElVt.ighani,Tlmrs lv alter. APRIL. 1st Monday. Warren •• Sumter “ Walker “ Wilkinson " Muscogee •* Campbell lliSun, Thursday after Way no, " ** 2nd Monday, Carroll - ' Dade JULY. 1st Monday, Twiggs 2nd Monday, Pulaski 4th “ Wilkes AUGUST. 1st Monday, Randolph “ Paulding Bibb 2nd “ Clark “ ('ass 3rd “ Walton “ Crawford “ Early •• Clierokec ith “ Jackson “ Euiauiicl “ Upson “ Meriwether “ Forsyth •* Decatur SEPTEMBER. 1st Moodav, l'ike “ Baker “ Sumter “ Morgan “ Laurens “ Taliuierro •• Marion “ Coweta “ Lumpkin 2nd “ I 'oluiilbia “ Lee •• Greene 3rd .sew ton, Henry, Mewart, Marion, Musing Taibot, Harris. FLINT CIRC TIT. 1st Monday in May and November, •llh do in January and July. 2d do in January and July. 3d do in May and November. 4lh do in do do 1st do in June and December. 2d do in do do 4th do in do do 4th do in January and July. CIIATTAIIOOCJIHF. CIRCUIT. 1st do in l’eb. and 2d Mon.in July 3.1 do in May and November, ce, 4th do in January and July. 3.1 do in June and December, 4th do in do do CHEROKEE CIRCUrP, j Cass, i < 'herokee, ! Forsyth, Lumpkin ■ Union, t t.'li ittucga, j (iiimer, . Murray, ' Walker, i FIomI, 1 Dade, I I ayette, [Carroll, .Moll.la in May and Xovetnber. in do do in June and December, in do do in do do in do do in August anil February, in July Mid January, in do do in do do in do do in J line and December. COM ETA CIRCUIT. 3.1 Monday in January attd June. do do do do do do do do do SPEECH OF itifl. CALHGUH GF SOOTH GAKGLifc'A, ON The Prcspectixc Pre-Emption BiK. Tuesday, January 12, 1841. The hill tofistahlish a permanent piospective pre-emplion system, in favor of settlers on the public lands, who shall inhabit and cultivate tlie same, and raise a log cabin thereon, beinw j the special order of the day, was taken up, the 'question bemij on (lie proposition by Mr. Crit- ! ten den to recommit tlieitill, with instructions I to report a hill to distribute the proceeds of the 1 sales of the public lands among the States. [ which Mr. Calhoun offered to amend, by snb- i stilntinic a bill to cede the public lauds to the [ States in which they lie, upon certain vondi- ! lions. j Mr. CALHOUN'said : I regard the question . of the public lands, next to that of the currency, 1 the most dangerous and ditiiciilt of nil which demand the attention of the country and the Government at this important juncture of our affairs. I do not except a protective tariff, for I cannot believe, after what we have exporicn- c- d, tjiat a measure can again be adopted, which lias done more to corrupt the morals of the country, public and private, todisordcr its cur- | rency, derange its business, and to weaken and i endanger its free institutions, than any other, j except the paper system, with which it is so intimately allied. . In offering the amendment I propose, I do not intend to controvert the justice oftheor.lo- irium which has been so often pronounced on our land system, in ihe course of this discus sion. On the contrary, f believe that it was admirably adjusted to effect its object, when first adopted : but it must be borne in mind that a measure, to lie perfect, must be adapted to circumstances, and that great changes have taken place, in the lapse of fifty years, since the adoption of our laud system. At that time, the vast region now covered bv the new States, system of plutidcr^if we may jndje from the declarations which we have heard in the course of the debate. As, then, neither can correct the disease, the question is, wuat remedy can'/ I have given lo this question the most deliberate and careful examination, and have come to the conclusion that there is, and can he, no remedy short of cession—cession to the States respectively with in which tiie lands are situated. The disease lies in ownership and administration ; and no thing short of parting with both can reach it.— Part with them,and you will at once takeaway one-third of the business of Congress ; shorten its sessions in the same proportion, with acor- respouding.saving of expense ; lop off a large and most dangerous portion of the patronage of the Government; arrest t hese augry and agitat ing discussions, which do so much to alienate the good feelings of tire different portions of the .Union, and disturb the general course of legis lation, and endanger ultimately the loss of the public domain. Retain them, and they must continue, almost without mitigation, apply what palliatives yon may. It is the ali-sulii- cicnt and only remedy. Tims far wmuld seem clear. I do not see how it is possible for any one to doubt that ces sion would reach tiie evil, and that it is the only remedy that would. If. then, there should he any objection, it can only be to the terms or conditions of the cession. If these can be so adjusted as to give assurance that the lands shall Irens faithfully managed by the States as by this Government, and that all the interests involved shall be as well, or belter secured than under the existing system, all that could be desired would be effected, and all objections removed to the final and quiet settlement of this great, vexed, and dangerous question. In saying all objection, l hold that the right of dis posing of them as proposed, especially when de manded by high considerations of policy, and when it catlbe done without pecuniary loss to the Government as 1 shall hereafter show,cannot be fairlydemed. TbeCoiistitution gives toUon- III /rose is (o present a brief sketch of nay view in reference to both. As important as it is, few Itnvo turned llto at tention it deserves to the almost miraculousPX- t nsion of our land system. In the compara tively short tune in which it has been iu oper- made to appear that there are reasonable grounds to believe that t lie States will faithful ly comply with these conditions and that there will be no pecuniary loss to the Government, compared with the system as it now stands, in consequence of the proposed disposition, it vyotild seem difficult lo conceive wTiat substau- j ahoti, the Indian title has been extinguisf. , tial objection there can be to the measure. j iu round numbers, to 32tMJUO,000 of acres, of I atn thus brought to the great, I might say | winch there has been sold 81,000,000, and the only question admitting a doubt ns lo the ; granted^away,' for various purposes, 12,600,- expediency ol the measure. *Ai!l the States 000. leaving in the possession of the Govern- adhere, to their contract ? or, to express it dif ferently, would there be danger that the Gover- ment would lose the land, in consequence of the States refusing to comply with the condi ment, on the 1st of January, 1810, 226,000,* 000. it larger portion of which is surveyed, ).latted, and iu the market, showing that Ihe I r tgress of> xungnishing the titles of the In* tions of tiie cession / And il not, will the pc- dians has far outrun the demands of ihe cotin* cuniary loss to the Government be such us to I try for Government lands, as great ns it ha4 make it inexpedient, even il there be fuil assn- I,eon. In fact, the reality fiir exceeds thestnto* ranee that the terms of cession will not be vio luted 1 lie fore I enter on the discussion of these im portant points, it will lie proper to make a few remarks on lire extent of Ihe interest that would be etiihraeed iu the cession. Without it, there would be but an imperfect conception of the subject. ment, as strong as that is; for, of the eighty- one millions of acres sold, upwards of thirty- eight millions were sold in the years 1833, *6 and T, during the great expansion of the cur rency and rage for speculation in lands, of which Imt a small portion, perhaps not a third, was for settlement; and of the residue, a great er part, say twenty millions, is still lor stile in The quantity of public lands lying in the | the hands of large purchasers. Makingproper new Stales, and embraced iu the amendment, j allowance for the speculative operations of was estimated to be,on the 1st of January, 1310. those years, the actual sale of the public land* for settlement, during the period of fifty years, about 160,000,000 of acres. It has been reduc ed since by sales, the exact quantity not known : but it will not materially vary the amount.— The Indian title has been extinguished lo nenr- wliieh has elapsed from die beginning of tiro Government, would not prol ably exceed sixty millions of acres, at out one-fourth ns much n9 which have grown upon the public domain, j gressthe unlimited right of disposing eff the pub- belonged to foreign powers, or was occupied J lie domain, and of corns?, without any other by numerous Indian tribes, with the exception i restrictions than what the nature of that trust of a few sparse settlements, on the inconsider able tracts to which the title of the Indians was at that time extinguished. Since then, a mighty change lias taken place. Niue Stales have sprung up as if by magic, with a population ! cannot doubt, not less, probably, than iwo-fiflhs of the old ; whole ground 1st Merr.vcihcr, Itli 3d > Troup, } < -owe 11, ! DcKalli. I (’ implied, Cob!.. ! Heard, •itli 2d 2d 3d llh • lo •lo do do do do in February and August, iu April and October, in June and January, iu .him: and December, i.i July and January, in June and December, in do do in May r.tul November. States, and destined to surpass them iu a few ’ years in numbers, power, and influence. That i a change so mighty should so derange a sys- and terms of cession may impose, neither of which forbid their cession in the manner pro posed. That the conditions can be so adjusted, I 1 have carefully examined the and can perceive no difficulty that cannot Its surmounted. I fuel assured that all which is wanting is to attract the at tention of the Senate to tiie vast importance of be equal in extent to all New England, N*tf York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, lJelewarc, Maryland, Virginia, and a third of North 0$T» Hut this falls far short ol the vast eit- SOUTHWESTERN CIRCUIT. M*:!isnn j RanJolph. Lee, 2d Momlav i:i Mav and November, Faion | llh (lo in do do \L>:irno i E-rlv, •-M do in J.nni arv and July. Favcite i B iki.r. -nii do iil <J() dJ Gwinnett Decatur, 2:1 do ia Marc h and September. El! erl Dooly, 4 th do • in'Junc and December. Don’,y 1 Macon, 1st •lo in February and August. Bats Sumpter, 1st do in J unc : and December. item intended for an entirely different condi-] doingsomelhiiigthat will effectually arrest the i tiou of things as to render important changes j great and growing evil, resulting from the ap- j necessary to adapt il lo present circumstances, j plication of the system, as it exists, to that por- is no more than might have been anticipated, j lion of the. public domain lying in the new It would, indeed, have been a miracle had it Slates. That done, the intelligence and wis- been otherwise : and we ought not, therefore, tlom of the body will be at no loss to adjust the to he surprised that the operation of the system j details in such manner as will effectually gun d should afford daily evident f.b Dp Kalb Gilmer Hall 'Talbot l’utuam Stewart Newton Baldwin C.,bb Ma.on Hauls Walker Murray Bullmdl PROPOSALS FOR CRISTIVC. 3V SUBSCRIPTION A KVI.l. REPORT OF THE Geological and. Agricultural Survey OF THE STATE OS’ shmirc, at their last session, deemed i:! oilier as the enemies, of the new .States ') derongod, hut deeply dor: ! rangement is followed by a train of evils tiiat j : threaten disaster, unless a timely and efficient remedy should be applied. I would ask those who think differently, and who believe the sys tem still continued lo work well, was it no evil, that session after session, for the last ten or twelve years, Congress should he engaged in angry and deeply agitating discussions, grow- i ing out of the public lands, in which one side should he denounced as the friends, and the ^IMIE Legislature, at their last session, deemed i:! oilier as the enemies, of the new .States ? Was ; exjit-.iie,it to discontinue the salary of Use State tiie increasing violence of this agitaiion, fiorn • Geologist, in consequence ot the embarrassed linan- y C j« r j 0 year, and threatening Ultimately, not I ces nl the Jsune. By tins uiicxcectel movement, the • , ,, i subscribe! is deprived ot the means of completing the j °» : V lo f of ,lle I’ u *' lc domain, but the ran- j survey ol iWe .Su:e, on the original plan : il done al j nuilllty and peace*ol the country* UO CV11 / Is : all. it unis: be ai individual risk and expense. | it well that oric-third o! the time of Congcss is | present stage, 1 regard nothing but the great | It is needless, perhaps, to represent to the enlight- ] consumed in legislating on subjects directly or ! principles on which it rests, and its outlines, to *• Washington OCTOBER, 1st \tniidny, Warren •• Wilkinson *• Campbell Muscogee, Tuesday after ! contributing her mite, humble as it may be on the part In the mean time, I have adopted the provi sions of the hill introduced originally by my self. and twice reported on favorably by the com mittee on Public Lands, as the amendment I intend to offer to ihe amendment of the Sena tor from Kentucky, [Mr. Chittenden,] as con taining the general outlines of the conditions and provisions on which the binds may be dis posed ofto the States with safety and advantage to the interest ofthe Govermcnt and the Union, t ^ and great benefit to those Slates. The details 1 may, no doubt, he greatly improved; for which 1 rely on the intelligence of the body, and crit ical examination ofthe committee, should the amendment be adopted and referred. At the ly the whole, and about thrcu-lotiiths has liven ! that lo which the Indian title is now extiu- surveyed and platted, of which a larger part guishod. has been long in the market (much, more than | Hut numbers can give but a very imperfect twenty years) and has been picked and culled, j conception of the vast extent of thy region to over and over again, with the view ol taking all which the Indian title is extinguished, and of worth having, at the present price,even during which Hu* Government is tlu* sole and excln- tiie great expansion ofcurrency, and consequent sivc proprietor. To form a correct idea of its rise in price, and speculation in public lands, j great magnitude, it will be necessary to com* in 1835; ‘3G, and ’37. If compared in qoanti J pare it to .port ions ofthe Union, the extent of ty to the remainder of the pttldie domain, it will I which is familiar to a!!. To • liable me to do be found to be not equal lo one-sixth pari of that, a friend has furnished me with a stale* the whole. In this repcct, it is a far,more lim- i ment, from which it appears Hint if all the laud ited measure Ilian that propo-ed hv the Senator [now. unsold, and to which the Indian title is from Kentucky, to which mine is an amend- j extinguished, was grpnped together, it would ment. That embraces not only the proceeds of (lie whole public domain,exceeding 1,0(30,000,- 000 acies, but includes, in addition, tire large sums drawn from the duties on imposts, which ! are annually expended on its sales and manage- j lent ofthe region throughout which it lies dis- ment, all of which lie proposes permanently Jo ! persed—a region equalling all the old .Atlantic distribute. It is also more limited in its nppli- ‘ States, taking in nil Florida, ihe Slates o fAla- cation than the original bill, which embraces all baina ar;d Mississippi, and half ol Tennessee, the lands to which the Indian tide is extinguish-. into this vast ami'tinoccupied domain, our peo- ed, as well Territories as States, which greatly [>!v, with a um! 1 nude of foreigners, arc pouring exceeds the quantity lying iu the latter. ! yearly in one incessant tit^e, by tlictisunds oil Having now shown the object and the char-1 thousands, seeking new homes, soimo with Ihe acter with the scope of this measure, I shall means ol purchasing, who select the best next proceed to the great, and 1 must say, in my j hinds ; others with insufficient means, whose- opinion, the only question .that admits ®f coil- lectlhcir plaee, and settle, with lie hope of troversy—will tiie. States adhere faithfully to I rufchasitig in a sjiorl time: and u large class the terms of thocessinn ? Or, on the contrary,' without menus, who settle, on spots, without will they violate a compact solemnly entered (any fixed lntcntum but to remain so Song as on tracts of iu- tiuivlkiul to both, mill wliieli will p!nco thmu, • *->•**<-- <j.i«!i'y l.-vm« tK. of,, spring, as to their, domain, on the same independent j a s ‘ n l a ^. | )(i rtion of more fertile land, suffi* fooiing on which the oilier States stand l ' cient for their limited cultivation, b it not snffi- I would ask, at the outse t, is there any thing !™‘ m \° im! ' ,ce a l ,nr f’’ ascr,ak,! »* »*-M in their history lo justify a suspicion of a want j Genet nine nt price. J his class of settlers fas of good faith/ Have they been in Ihe hnbit~ ,T ‘; i!l - v y ic ™ ! > correctly informed, / violate a compact solemnly entered ! any fixrd mienlirii but lo ronw that it is not only .every inlcrcM, r.i;d secure its steady and faith-1 j„ t o, on just and liberal principles, mutually 1 they are undisturbed, generally cd, nod that its <1*-; fill management. _ ~ U-nviLial to both. uuJ wliictk will plctco tl of violating contracts ? If so, noint out a sin- i wi !|‘ iu ,! 'f ' k : ! * or >' cars ». i '» d g!e instance * Instead of giving ground to cx-! ^l Slv ,f u11 , • M,crC!,s "!£' cs|Kaull jt in (I to suspicion, fo cacrl viuzcns at Georgia, that i.y following out ! indirectly connected with the pt.blic lands, be at issue; and 1 do hope that alt who may liiireitiittej eaergv t . the present, the State has been , ‘'‘creby proJonguig the sessions proportionally, concur with me on principle, will give the “ (’.mi lea “ Habersham “ Haino-k *• Jle.irv “ Montgomery T*ttn ill, TlniraHav alter 3rd M ■inlay. Emanuel •• Chattooga “ Franklin Heard •• Glynn “ Jones “ ()glelhor]»c “ Floyd 4th Monday, Seri ven “ Lincoln •* Jasper “ Houston •* Troup “ Irwin “ McIntosh Liberty, Man-lav after Bryan. Friday after Telfair.Thursday alter Itli Momlav MAY. 1st Monday, Burke •* Stewart 2nd Monday, Chatham 3rJ “ Jefferson 4th “ Thomas Lowndes, Monday after 4th Monday Ware. Monday after Appling, Tlmrs lay after . JUNE. 1st Monday, Richmond Sumter, Walkei, *' “ Rabun,Thursday alter 2nd Monday. H mcock •• Camden *• Dado *• llenry “ Habersham “ Carroll “ Harris “ Montgomery j Tattnall; Thursday after j 3rd .Monday, Emanuel } “ Chattooga ! ** Oglethorpe 1 “ Franklin “ Jones I - Heard ! “ Floyd 1 Wayne, Tliurs lay after | 4th Monday, Seneca “ Lincoln “ Jasper “ Houston “ T’rowp “ Irwin Teifair, Tlmrs lay after llullorli. last Monday NOVEMBER.' and adding to tlte expense upwards qf §2(10,- amendment th/ir support, whatever imperfec- neral science in our j 000 annually ? Is it no evil that the Govern j tion they may suppose to exist in its modifica- improvc- ment should own half the lands within the lint- j Hoi s. A measure relating loa question so vast its of nine members of tin's Union, and over*! and complicated, can be perfected iu its details, which they can exercise no authority or con-1 however sound the principles on which it rests, troll Is it nothing that the domain of so many or correct its general outlines, only by tin: joint States should be under the exclusive legisln- •>f her agent, to the cause of country, and the advancement ot intellec tu ment among her citizens, i:t accordance with other States ofthe Union. There is hut one alternative.— In the present situation ofthe survey, the work must cither he abandoned and the important information ob tained by four years investigation of the Geology of tit* State, lost to her citi/.ens, or the "subscriber must depend for support, on individual patronage, lie is determined to make an effort lor ltic lienclit and hon or of Ids adopted Stale, to proece 1 with the survey. From form r experience of the unbounded liberality and generous hospitality of his follow citizens, indif ferent parts of me State, lie is confident that, in ma king an apjieal to their sympathy and patronage, it will not he made in vain. That a complete, survey may be made of the re- i nniniug counties ofthe state, and the whole consoli- j over the new States, and through them, over ii-r tint) and guardianship of this Government, con trary to ihn genius of the Constitution, which, intending lo leave to each State the regulation of its local and peculiar concerns, delegated to the Union those only in which all had a com mon interest. If to all these be added the vast amount of patronage exercised by this Govern ment through the medium- of the public lands, the whole Union, and tiie pernicious influence thereby brought to bear on all other subjects of legislation, can it be denied that many and great evils result from the system as il now ope rates, which call aloud for some speedy and efficient remedy t But why should I look beyond the question •v citizens. | n „ C; nr j| ie other, receiving the support of every work! s'hall be appro- j ,no,,, ^ ,er . of the body ; even of those who cry :ite suspicion, 1 rejoice to say Their history af-! ' Ves . 1 •'•■•d Southwestern Stales,.where )! . fords many and striking examples of exact and ! > ,oUlon n nl ?° 1 ( ' d 1,1 lnf,:nor land comparative- mil, fill compliance with their engagements.- I ! > r s, J ,aU - a!,<l ,n f l “’increase, with They all have standing compacts With the Gov-1 “oec.cruicd rapidity, so long as the present latitf tnnneirt, -entered into on their admission into !' s )^' 1 ni reill ‘ ,li, f' i,s ll , ,s '. e; .‘-ttinier the Union, which impose important limitations ; riiose i\ ho have had an opportunity of wit* on what otherwise would he their iinqnesfion- l1( ‘ s ^ng i.:c effect ot such occupancy on the ed right as independent metnlietsofthe Union; j minds of the settlers, will not beat a loss to nil- and, among others, the important one, not only ' ,!<;1 l m,c consequences v\ Inch nt of not taxing the vast portion of their domain liU,L ‘ s ' artested. (Jccupat’ou long . held by the United States within their limiLs,; 1,1 . .* n v r0l1i paii:cd bj but also, for tin; period of five years after sale,. f J Ini ' tC( 1 Cil " MOt .' ! " *' the portion held by purchasers. T'o ilieir, . properly, in the 1st and titidis- y improvement, liowev- to be associated wnth tho soil. It is that, in fact, land, occu- f-nutR similarly Ktlnnt<d — will l-o sure* to cre- ttb Mouihiy, Gam-leu Glvnn, Monday after McIntosh, “ " Liberty, “ “ Bryan, Friday “ Onfcrior Uoni h. EASTERN CIRCUIT. Wayne, t'.ami Ion, Glynn, McIntosh, Bryan, Liberty, Bulloch, Effingham Chatham, MIDDLE CIRCUIT. Columbia, 4th Monday in January and June. Washington,4th 1st do in January and ’ I unc. 3d do in do do do 3.1 do in do do do 4ih • do in do do do 21 do in do do do 1st do in February and Julv 2<1 do in do do do 3d do in do do do consultation and counsel. With these remarks, it will not he necessary for me, at this stage, to give more than a general summary ofthe pro visions ofthe proposed amendment. Its object is to instruct the committee so to amend the hill, as to dispose of all the public lands, lying in the States of Alabama, Louisi ana, Mississippi, Arkansas, Missouri, Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana, with the exception of sites for forts, navy and dock yards, arsenals, mag azines, and other public buildings ; the cession not to take place till after the 30th June, IS 12, and. then only on the States respectively agree ing to the conditions prescribed in the amend ment ; that is, to pass acts irrevocable to adhere to those conditions, the most prominent of which is to pay annually, on a day fixed, to the United States. 65 per cent, ofthe gross proceeds of the sales oi the lands ; that Ihe land laws, as they now stand, and as proposed to be modified by the amendment, shall remain unchanged, except with the consent of Congress ; that the cession shall be in full of then per cent, fund out against changes. It is too late, then, to! thereafter to accrue to those States ; that they deny the disordered state of the system. The j shall becxc.'.usively liable for the cost of surveys, disease is admitted, and the only question is, i sales, extinction of Indian titles, and manage- pprin/ii ID IW uy I’i«a (.itucvio. ■ «• iiiGll . . . . * . ... . . honor he it said, that in the long period which'm,, 110 1 . 1 10 l ,ru,ll,| vc >>gl t in has elapsed from the admission of the oldest of 1 •'>« " >1. be b h in common by all the these States, there has not been a single instance of tv violation on.their faith. With sostriking an example «i ui.vM.y i . , . , . , - f to engagements, with what juMiei can it boob-1 >?° fal1 ? mak « ” dn "^™ us fcr « n , v «“• to jectedtha t the States will violate, heir piigh t«d ' >« “ «»?*»>«• . . . . • . . . . I will not be long ill showing itself towards the faith to a contract every way advantageous to : . . A , =• , , , ' ,, m ,i , ,r.>' f. 7 emigrant intruder, as he would be considered, them, as well as the rest oftue lunoii / ’ | _ ! coming in with the views ol purchase. He round, and put Lie quos-, u . OM |j p, )( j (| 110) a hazardous to enter not been a single itiMatice, ■ . -. ;ir part of their plighted a e nn c *l ,r / de W* aocompamccl by mutu- ng an example of fidelity ! :i1 re : s, T Cl for t t!8,c . h ?’ ,K ' rs r ' sU '/' wh,ch WOM,d lint I take high; Mmigoiuery, 1st Tattnall, Ennnuel, Hftivsn Burke, JcfTers>t:i, Richmond, do do do do do do do do •luted and published lor the information and benefit of the citizens, publiu patronage is most respeefully soli cited. A work of this kind, is much needed in Geor gia. a Stale comprising «/< arm of sixty thousand synarc mill s, bring ilrsiilute of a Singh- corrrrt Map, tjeogra- phy, or history of the same. A majority of the citi zens must, from necessity, be unacquainted with the rich mineral resources and agricultural capacities of ihe didcrent sections. Favored as the subscriber has i,„r— , — i ;• • C M ,, . b ten. by four years labor, as Stale Geologist, m differ- [ ’® f ° re ,,S ,0 V™?* b > ,I,C f ,,eSS, f °». of «». ,hat e it parts of the Stale, in collecting umierials for a com- • SOtnc docp (*isorucr 1!1 lltc system /— l'.'Vmgltain. Friday after j plcle rejiort of ail Agricultural and Geological survey There are now three measures before 11)0 Scn- thc 1st M*>n lay j arid Natural History, he trusts that lie shall be aide to ‘ atc,each proposing important cliangcs, tml the 2nd Jlonday Jelii'r.-.on meet the apjirohatioa of his fellow citizens. ‘ ° 3rd “ Burke | The subscri! icr pledges his honor, 4th “ 1 liomas ^ arising from subscription for the work, siiall tie appro- Lowndes, Monday after pri iic I to the completion ofthe survey of the remain- 1th Monday \ ing counties ofthe State, and that they shall be tmish- Warc, Monday after cd as they will be needed for publication. Appling, Thursday after ' JOHN RUGGLE3 LOTTING, Stale Geologist.' Milledgcville, January 1, 1841. N. 11. It is impossible, at this time, to designate the number of volumes in a set. CONDITIONS. 1. The work shall be printed in royal octavo form, on fine paper and with new type, and will contain complete reports of a Geological and AgriculuiraLSnr- vcy of every County in the State, with a Map of the same, Drawings of remarkable places, sections, Ac., together with an account of the Natural History, Bota ny and Agricultural statistics. o" v**"? r ti ."* r,*'* with a table of analysis of soils from different coun- J nr shorten the duration of llju sessions, or Wlth- ties, and remarks on their improvement; with other j draw the action ot the Government over so useful agricultural tables. Also, a complete Glossary i ] ar ge a part of the domain of the new States, of Geological and Agricultural torms. - ... - 3. Each binding, at S subscribers, $ t 00, payable on delivery. 4. Tlte prinring shall be so arranged,that a volume may be expected during the session of the Legislature, in each year, unlil the whole set is completed. 5. Should there be sufficient patronage, a large : Geological and Agricultural Map of the Sia:e, will be ' constructed, ft by 4 feet, on which in addition to Geo- I graphical delineations usually on Maps, all the Gcolo- what remedy shall be applied. 1 object Itoth to the bill, and the amendment proposed by die Senator from Kentucky, [Mr. Crittenden] because, regarded as remedial measures, they are both inappropriate and in adequate. Neither pre-emption, nor distribu tion of the revenue, received from the public lands, can have any possible effect in correct ing tbc disordered action of the system. I put the question, would one or the other contribute in the smallest degree to diminish the patron age of the Government, or die time consumed tion, with what propriety can we object to the : . ind p , m | ia „, n s| . ot | )C ]<1 by a mere occupant, want of faith on the part of Lie States to their or founder, if you will, anil oust him of his engagements . W hat is our Constitution hut p nSfCSS j ( , n> In a short time, no one who rc- .i rnmrmot np!\vi*f*n Ini'Stiiles: ntiu DOW (in Wft . j » .* . ...» r . .... . « a compact between ihoStates : and now do we „., rds , ljs ppacfi alld saf( . tv u i n ..ttcnmt il:and hold seats here but m virtue ol that compact f ,-, |pn „, e fwlni!r vvillch f, e , r . in vvj „, ,fa poor . And is it for us le turn round and question the , cr c | nss vv j|| extend rapidly upwards to the faith on which our system stands, and through j moro wea i, !lVi utlt il, finally, none will look lo which we have our political existence; and tins,. n| , y 0 , Iier , it i c |„, t occnp^j.cy and ifiiprove- cconto maintain lands longer a which we have our political existence j and tins, | niiv other title but occnpajicy and improvt tdo, when it is notorious that tne ^tate Govern- j „, cntj nnd a ]j_ ji ie r j c |, a ,, d poor? *vi11 l.ccom ments have adhered with far more fidelity than S q Ila n orS) with a common interest to muintai this to the coustlljntttonal compact. Many and j nn( j Jefeiid each other, when the public land great violations arc charged, and truly charged tons, while few, very few, can be justly attrib uted to them. in January and July, in February and August, in do do in January and July, in do do do in do do do M idison, Elbert, 2d 1st 2d 1st 3d 1st NORTHERN CIRCUIT. 2d Monday in January and July. 3:1 do in do do ment generally : that the States may, within certain prescribed limits, gradually reduce the price ofthe lands that may remain unsold alter having been offered for sale ten years or up wards ; may grant, for a limired period, the right of pre-emption for ninety days to the ac tual settlers, at each step iu the reduction of price ; and finally, that if the conditions of ces sion be violated by a State in any particular, all titles or grants to land thereafter sold by the State to be null and void—thus giving the measure the force and solemnity of a compact, and placing the whole under the protection of the courts, which would pronounce the titles to he void, if made after nn infraction of the conditions of the cession. i and Agricultural tornis. j and p i ace (hem and their representatives here, It is not my intention to go into an investi- ?3 50 per volume,'to subscribers ^tonon- on ,hc same independent footing with the old jgation of these various conditions at this time. ’ State and their representatives, or arrest the an- On a question of reference, where the principle grv and agitating discussions which year after J only is at issue, it is not necessary. It is snfii- year distract onr councils and threaten so much j cient to say that the leading object is to make mischief to the country? Far otherwise would lie the effect. It would but increase the evil, by bringing into more decided conflict, the in terests ofthe new and old States. Of all the will be lost, and cease lo be any source of revenue, if nothing be done to stop it. For the truth ofthe picture 1 appeal to the But, admitting there might he danger of I Senators from the hew States, especially from losing the lands, should they be disposed of as : Hie Western ami Southwestern. We have proposed, from the want of good luitlron the thus presented tbc difficult question, what is to part of the Stales, 1 boldly assert tliftt the dan-! r c done lo remedy it ? ger of their being lost is far gi'ealer, if the pres- j | t perfectly natural that the first impres- ent system should unfortunately be continued,; s jon should W, to keep out intruders on the and that too, under circumstances vastly more j public lands.'. The lands belong to the people disastrous to the peace and safety of tbc Union, i of. the Union as common property, nnd it wood What 1 have asserted cofnes from deep am! j seem contrary to reason and justice, that any solemn conviction, resulting front a long and careful examination of this vast and complica ted subject. Those who have not given special attention one should be permitted to enter on and appro* printe the nsg of that to himself, without pay ing for it, which belongs to all * nnd we accor dingly find not o small portion Of the Scnnlc, to it, nnd the progress of our land systetb, can j who insist on keeping out and expelling nil in form no just conception oftliedanger to which the public lands are exposed. The danger is two-fold: that they will be lost by the there progress of settlement, without payment, in con sequence of the vast quantity beyond the wants of the country, to which the Indihn trudors as the proper remedy. But iu this case, like many others, we must look beyond mere abstract right. Wliat seems so plausible would, wlieti tried, prove impracticable’. We need no other proof than the tact .that lio Administra tion ha3 ever undertaken if, even when it as little change in the land system, as it now exists, as is consistent with the object in view, and to adopt such provisions as will enforce the faithful performance of the terms of cession * do do do j grapmcH» aeiineutinn* usiuuiy on mi mh? vn-’wf- incM.a ui um ukw uuu mu oimw, ui un uiu j mu mumut |jfiiurinum;o ui mu iui uid ut u-asivm ia \nril and 3d Mon. Scot. B ical and Agricultural features of the State shall be Jj]] s that could befall them, the former would , on the part of the States, with the least compen- ; accurately sketched and colored. Price-on Kojier.*, j r#>rr .,^| tho Histrihnfimi an tho crr^ntoct whito ! v.MiAh for thoir nvnniKP nnrl treiihlf*. mid loss $10 00. regard the distribution as the greatest, wlute sniion for their expense and trouble, and loss sertiona will be entitled lo a copy of the work, gratis, proposed by the the latter would look on the pre-emption system, j to the Government, in a pecuniary point of view, bill, as little short of an open 1 consistent with the arrangement. If it can be title is extinguished; and if that should not j would have licen an easy task, comparatively be the case, they will be from the growing | to what it now wotild lie. flow is it to bis conflict between the old and new States, in j done ? By the marshals and their deputies? consequence ofthe rapid increase ofthe latter, j Can they expel from their homes the vast host and the great difference in their respective | of occupants on the public lands, all hardy views of the policy proper to be adopted in ref- j and bold men, familiar with the use ofihe most crenec to them. Both causes are operating j deadly of weapons? Would you employ the with powerful effect: and if they do not speedi- j army ? It would he found almost as impotent lv attract the attention ofthe Government and las the civil authority. If the whole military the country, they will certainly terminate be-[ was employed in this to the neglect of all oth- fore long, either by their separate or joint nc- ler service, there would be more tfmn fivehttn* tion, in the loss ofthe public domain. Noth- jdred and fifty square miles for each olficerand ing but a full understanding of the causes of;soldier, supposing your establishment to be danger, and the application of prompt nnd ef- j full. No ; were h possible to ertiploy the mil. fieiint remedy, can prevent it, and what I pro- itary in so odious n service in this free country

Georgia Historic Newspapers

Southern banner. (Athens, Ga.) 1832-1872, February 19, 1841, Image 1