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BY ALBON CHASE. ANNIVERSARY ORATION Before tlie Phi Kappa Society, by L, J.JSLEfJN. , CORRESPONDENCE. Pm Kappa Hall, Feb.^JOJ, 1341. Oil motion, Rijo/ivJ 1st, That tbc thanks of the Phi Kappa Society.be returned to Mr. L. J. Glenn, for the able and eloquent manner in which he discharged a duty, confidently assigned to him. as her Represen tative. Hfsoh'cd, 2nd. That three from the regular mem bers, be appointed as a Commute to obtain for public ation, a copy of his interesting and chaste oration. Pm Kappa Hall, Fch. 22d, 1811. Sir—In conformity with the foregoing r.sAu.ions, we ackr.o-vGdge the pleasure that lias ce.i granted by our appointment, and as organs of ilia Phi Kappa .So- Cioty. we tender to you, her sincerest thanks, lor the noble manner in which she lias this day neon sustain ed by you, in your representative capacity. Believing that wherever it may be perused, prejudices favorable to our Society will be formed, and relying confidently in tho hope, that we shall not encounter a refusil, al low us respectfully to solicit a copy of your address for publication. (.'HAS. B. _JGNES, ) .Ccm'tto ATHENS, GEORGIA, FRIDAY, MARCH 6,1841. 5 ‘ VOL. IX.—NO. 51. =* . (.'HAS. B. JONES, i L. I.sCONTE, jCc VY. S. NORMAN, > Mr. L. J. Glcns. Cullkox, Feb. 36th, 1811. GtniUinen—In conformity to precedent, and in compliance with the request of the Society, as expres sed through your polite communication. I herewith place at your disposal a copy of the oration 1 had.the honor to deliver on the 32d inst. Accept gentlemen for the body you represent, the strongest assurances of my attachment, and for yourselves individually, the kindest wishes of vour friend and lcllow member, L. J. GLENN. C1IAS. B. JONES,) L. LkCONTF., >Committee. W. S. NORMAN, > ORATION. Since the creation of the world—at least, from the lime, to which the mind is carried by authentic history—no age or period has passed, without leaving its impress, or without exert ing a marked and decided iuilueuce upon oth ers, that have followed. 'Hie nature of this in fluence is determined by the circumstances, and state of things, whence it is derived, and the extent, to which it is frit, always, in propor tion to the degree of civilization, and mental illumination, which characterized the particu lar epoch. In proof or illustration of this po sition, we need only refer to the. histories of various nations that have existed, but are now no more. The influence of the prosperous, flourishing, and happy limes of antiquity upon the world, has, with little interruption, b.:cn constantly exhibited. True, immediately up on the ovet throw and destruction of the Re publics of Greece and Rome—the one the illus trious mother, the other the successful cul tivator of the Arts and Sciences—there en sued, what arc generally denominated the “ Dark Ages;’’ during which, every thing, like knowledge and learning was consigned to the tomb of oblivion. No sooner however did the reformation commence, than a light which had—like subterranean lires smouldered for centuries streamed forth from those countries, burst in upon, dissipated, and scattered the mists and fogs of ignorance and superstition, winch h »d for jiges beclouded and debased the human intellect. And from that time, the whole civilized world has frit and yielded to the influence of Greece and Rome, which has been exerted through a thousand different channels. Not a government is now to he found upon the face of the globe, for which they did not, either at some period of their ex istence furnish the model, or into whose sys tems and codes of laws, their regulations and enactments are not incorporated. More parti- ticularly is this remark true, when considered with reference to those governments, vhich are democratic or republican in their charac ter. The spirit of liberty, that once glowed within the breasts, and nerved the arms of the inhabitants of those countries to strike for free dom has long since been caught, and us won derful and glorious results, arc now visible in both ; but more especially in our own hem isphere. The causes that impeded their rise and progress and tho-c flint brought about and accelerated their decline and final dissoluion stand forth, delineated by' the pen of the his torian, in characters of living light, as so ma ny beacons, to guide and direct the future pilot upon the boisterous and tempestuous sea of political aflhtrs. Rut not only so. The voices of their phi losophers, which were once heard by thou sands, assembled in the groves, lycenms and academies, dedicated to science and learning, still fall upon the ears of attentive and listen ing auditors, in all their original force and en ergy. The sublime lessons they inculcated upon their countrymen, illuminated by the light of divine revelation, are as instructive now and ns productive of the same effects, as when first they fell warm from the lips of the immortal authors. The productions of their poets, breathing the spirit of inspiration, and gathering freshness from the dews of time, are sought after with as much avidity and read with ns much zest by the people of the present day, as they were by those for whose imme diate instruction, amusement and edification they were more particularly’ intended. The eloquence of Demosthenes, when he lightens over Greece and thunders against Philip, arousing his countrymen from their apathy, and warning them of the impending danger, still warms, enrapts and eleetifies—still excites and stirs up the honest indignation of the pat riot against the bribery and corruption, which are intended to ens ave his country—still an imates to “deeds of noblo daring,” those in whose bosoms the sparks of liberty and inde pendence yet glow and hum. Cicero, too, than whom, a more illustrious example of the patriot, statesman, and scholar united, the nn- uals of human society can not furnish, still speaks, though from the tomb, with the same voice that once resounded through the Roman forum, “in thoughts that breathe and words that burn,” admonishing not only his own peo ple, but all posterity, io beware and guard with n vigilant and never sleeping eye against the intrigues,,conspiracies oud wicked designs, of ambitious and aspiring meu, who upon the alter of self interest and self aggrandizement, would sacrifice the best hopes ^tid the bright est prospects of their country .apd thei^ race. This the)) being the case f( . The fact that QU* epoch, does in some degree^ give lone and character to anothor being obvious, it cannot be otherwise than interesting, for us on the present occasion, briefly to hupfire into, observe and trace, The intellectual,religions, and political influence, that the present age, and our coun try especially, will exert upon succeeding gen erations. The characteristics of the times, in which we live, are numerous and striking beyond all others. One of which, and by no mentis the most inconsiderable is a rAstless anxiety'to pen etrate into, investigate, and th >:0 :g Jy com prehend, every thing connected with, arid hav ing relation to man’s present stute of existence. In addition to the native love of knowledge, inherent in the human breast, the discoveries and achicvmnnts of mind in preceding ages, have doubtless contributed to.tlie creation of this laudable commendable and inquisitive spirit, under whose pervading influence, mid through whose powerful agency new truths are constantly developed in the fieldsofscience, and her boundaries constantly extended be yond the landmarks of former periods. Fired with it men who have entered into and ex plored the dusty and mouldering vaults of time, and enriched their minds with the secret and hidden treasures therein contained, abandon ing all other objects and pursuits, have in eve ry department of knowledge labored with a zeal and a desire to expound the arcana of na ture which have resulted in the development and exhibition of truths and facts, that have astounded . and overwhelmed an admiring world. So that the car of science will start from its present resting place and roll down the track of time height* d with a richer and more valuable cargo, than it has ever yet fal len to the lot of man, gratuitously to erijov. And what will he the influence upon posteri ty? What the .effect, of having at their com mand, ready and prepared for use, the most extensive and glorious inheritance, ever be queathed by one generation to another? Catch ing the same spirit, warmed with the same zeal, and having in view the acromph-Jimcnt of the same objects, which actuate and animate the present actors upon the Stage of 1 emg what grand, what sublime, what magnificent reve lations will be made throughout the kingdoms of nature, and the empire of knowledge ! Look ing back through the vista of the past, and in spired with confidence and courage, excited to a noble and generous emulation by behold ing the mental victories ofthe present age. and having their intellects increased, expanded and enlarged by tlienccumulated and concentrated wisdom of all previous periods, new worlds of thought will be discovered and cultivated, new paths of science struck out, and pursued. Rut not only so: among the Philosophers, who shall arise to solve tiie mysteries and bring to light, the laws and operations of nature, there wiil appear another Newton, who unlike the first, shall he enabled to unfold and explain the texture, nature and character of the bright and elfulgcnt robe of day. Another Franklin will come forth, with a more axalted intellect, and with talents, superior to those of him, who en chained the forked lightening and conducted it harmlessly to the ground, to expound the true nature and theory of electricity and mag netism. Another genius more acute, more subtle, more creative and more towering than that of Euclid, shall by the aid of a science still more sublime than that ol Calculus, re move, the long standing reproach of mathe maticians and furnish the method by which the quadrature ofthe circle may he calculated. Another Locke more deeply versed in meta physics, than his predecessors, shall explore trie depths of the human understanding, and reveal truths not dreamt of in the philosophy of the present day. And thus hv and through the influence ofthe present age, will the com paratively narrow and contracted sphere, with in which the operations of mind are now con fined, be extended and enlarged, until it shall reach the limits, assigned by the hand ofthe Creator. And then with the substitution ofa single word, how applicable will be the lines of the poet, 1 ioro, eiuOl thy triumph, genius, ccasc, an:! here, “Truth, science, virtue, close your long career.” Another and perhaps more interesting view of the intellectual influence of the present upon after ages, remains to be taken. To the mind of him, who desires the universal diffusion ol the. blessings and benefits of knowledge among the sons of men, the world never before pre sented a prospect half so lovely, so charming, \and delightful. Here in our own, onr happy land, the most vigorous and powerful efforts arc made to raise all, even the humblest and the lowest, to the participation and enjoyment of the pleasures resulting from a well unprov ed and cultivated intellect. In proof of tins as sertion, witness the many Universities, and Col leges, Academies and free schools in constant and daily operation. Where in any portion ofthe civilized world, has so small an extent of country, ever gi ven birth to so great a num ber of institutions in which arc inculcated the truths of science. Farther, see the increasing anxiety manifested by parents to bestow upon their sons and daughters, the advantages ofa liberal education. Nor are the operations of tins spirit confined to the circle in which move the wealthy and the great. Nothing short of penury and want, now prevents the immortal mind, from having its faculties fully developed and expanded, under the guardianship of those who have qualified and devoted themselves to the high and honorable calling, of teaching the young idea how to shoot.” And who can be so selfish, so limited in his vi .nvs, as to sup pose that with the present generation will ex pire the glorious flame, which now slimes up on, and lights up the cottage of the poor, as well as the palace of the rich. It cannot lie. Our example in this respect, will have, its ef fect upon those who are to follow. The influ ence of present exertion, will, like the pebble dropped upou the surface of the ocean which causes a succession ol waves, to heat against the distant shore, extend nnd, be felt through out generations yet to come. Despots and tyrunts and those whose policy it is “ To bind With iron chains the freeborn mind," may in view of approaching danger, interpose their fcejle efforts, to arrest the progress ofthe spirit of education. So diffusi ve however and so subtle'is it, in it? naturej that it will contin ue to spread until like, the electric fluid, it shall pervade tho whole earth. And then indeed, will the tree oi knowledge,, with its roots firm- lyplanted in the United States, encircle the globe within its giant arms, and under its cool ing branches, shall sit and recline, and of its delicious fruits, shall pluck aud partake, all mankind. By a retrospective view it will he seen that in proportion ns. civilization nnd common in telligence have advanced among mankind, re ligious sentiments have always spread and ob tained. Simultaneous efforts have usually been made for the promotion of the one, und the diffusion ofthe other. And by this means, have knowledge and religion generally gone hand in hand, pouring torrents of their respec tive blessings at one and the same time, upon the same people. Thus has it been in the .pre sent age. Casting our view abroad, wherever an alter erected to science, meets the eye, there too may be found a temple dedicated to the “living God.” While the people of Christian countries have labored to sow with an unspar ing hand the seeds of knowledge they have not forgotten or neglected to instil into the youth ful mind, correct religious ideas, and.to incul cate upon the tender heart, sound moral prin ciples. Adopting the maxim that charity be gins at home," they have first provided for the poor and destitute upon their own shores, and by whom they were more immediately sur rounded the necessary means, by which they might be elevated from moral darkness, to the enjoyment of the light, reflected from the pa ges of divine revelation. Their labors howe ver have not terminated here. The attention of the humane aud benevolent has been direct ed to and fixed upon other and distant lands, over which dark clouds of ignorance and su perstition, have for ages cast their baneful.and withering shadows. And in co-operation with those of other countries, the philanthropic ol this republic, have within the Iasi half century made wider, nioie permanent, and enduring inroads into the dominions of Idolatry and Heathenism, than it has ever been the good fortune of the friend of suffering humanity, to behold and contemplate. In addition to all this, the present is an age, in which the progress of free, liberal, and en lightened views aud enquiries in religion has been rapid and altogether unparallelled. No longer are men compelled to how and wor ship, nnd pay their devotions at a shrine, erect ed by the hands of another. Religious despo tism has at least upon this side of the Atlantic, been consigned to the same grave, in which were buried the last remains of that system of political tyranny and oppression sought to be rivetted upon the necks of our ancestors, by a haughty King aud an, unprincipled ministry. “Sitting under Ins own vine and figtree,’ each man is uow permitted unmolested and undisturbed, to worship the “God of Nature” according to the dictates of an untrammelled conscience. " Such being a brief and imperfect descripton of the religious spectacle, which the world pre sents at the present time, what will be the in fluence upon the generations which are to suc ceed and fill the places of those who now live, aud move, and act upon life's busy theatre? It cannot be estimated. It will be incalcula ble. It almost exceeds the powers of the ima gination to conceive. The various systems, plans, and schemes, which have been organized, und set on foot, the practical tendency, and obvi ous effect, of which, is to rescue mankind from the bondage and dominion of superstition and moral ignorance, aud heathenish darkness,meet ing with, and receiving the approbation coun tenance, and support of posterity, must and will continue, in operation until the grand, noble, and praiseworthy objects of their organization and establishment be fully and completely ac complished. The thousand table societies now to be found in Europe, as well as in our own country, will never cease their efforts, to sup ply with the richest und bestot treasures, those who have l.t»cn so unfortunate, as to have their lots cast in uncivilized lands. Imitating the glorious example which lias been set l>y their predecessors, posterity will never relax their exertions, until the press shall have been erect ed upon every “isle ol the sea,” lor the pur pose of furnishing with the “bread of li e,” tiiose who are living and dying, ignorant ofthe God that made them. In after times the Mis sionary, too, in -whose breast shall glow, aud burn, a spark of divine love caught from the alter of high heaven, forgetting the hallowed associations and sweet recollections of youth, will sever the ties ot country, of friends and of kindred, and bidding adieu to. bis long cherish ed home, throw fiimself upon the heaving bo som of an angry ocean—eontend with tide and wave—baffle against wind and storm—until he teaches the destined field, in which he pur poses to labor, for tho salvation of perishing mortals. Before the steady march of Christianity, in fidelity with all its horrid train of evils—the same that once scattered fire-brands and de struction over the stintiy hills and lovely vales of vine-clad France—that doctrine which would dethrone deity himself, and attribute to blind chance the formation and preservation of the laws and operations of nature—that Phi losophy which declares death to be an eternal sleep—which denies the accountability of man, and by consequence future rewards and pun ishments—thereby enconrogtQg every species of vice that will contrii ute to; and condemn ing every principle of virtue which interferes with the indulgence ofthe animal propensities, and the gratification of sensual appetites, will disappear and be lost forever, l>eneath the de vouring waves, of deep and dark oblivion.— Persecution, with all her diabolical machine ry of torture and cruelty—she that “ Wakes into living flames, huge heaps of fire And feasts on murders, inassacrestind death," shall be banished from the world, and the hu man race thus relieved from the disgrace, ns well ns the misery inflicted by those who un mindful and regardless of future consequences, view with admiration the writhing* aud con tortions, nnd hear with delight the agonizing groans nnd heart-rending shrieks of the victim of the stake. The darkness occasioned by the sable curtains, whiclt superstition has so long thrown rironuri a large proportion of theinhah- ifecTglobe, shall be dissipated and put to flight by the beams of divine revelation, and the gloomy abodes of idolatry shall lie penetrated and lighted up by the effulgent rays reflected from the pages of inspiration. In short the some ardent, and inextinguishable philanthro pic zeal, which now pervades the hearts, and stimulates to action three whd ore engaged in the glorious work of ameliorating the moral condition of the inhabitants of the globe, will lie communicated to each successive genera tion until the bright dawn of the great mtHc- nial morn shall streak the skies above, and the earth beiov, shall be covered by one sea of re ligious gloty/ We now come to the third, and last division of onr subject, “the political influence that the present will exert upon averages.'* Time tests the value of all things sublunary. Upon its rapid wing.it lias borne to the receptacle of departed days, fifty-two years since the estab lishment of she American government. Dn- iing this period, although the signs of the times have been occasionally portentous, and such as to excite the fears ofthe patriot heart, while they gratified the hopes ofthe enemies of equal rights, our country has marched with nn parallel led rapidity ton high nnd distinguish ed stand a mongthe nations ofthe earth. Dark clouds have not unfreqnetillv lowered in the dis tance, and overspread onr political horizon, threatentngn disgorge a storm that would shake aye, sweep from its foundation the glorious fab ric of constitutional liberty. The besom of de struction, in the hands of unprincipled men, Jins in more instances than one, come well nigh annihilating the institutions of our fa thers, the establishment of which, cost so much blood arid Ireusuie. The rumbling of the* mighty thunders of discord, disunion, and an archy, rolling along the plains of the South, and re-ccliod by the mountains of the north, has fallen upon the ears ol terrified thousands, even within the last few years. Amid the awful apprehensions of friends, however, and (lie fond anticipations of enemies, the ship of Slate lias thus far been so steered, ns to uvoid rocks and shoals on the one hand, while it has escaped whirlpools and quicksands on the oth er. And at the present time, with a calm and serene sky, with a pure und healthy atmos phere, no danger seems to menace, but peace and plenty, prosperity and perpetuity, in one long and unbroken chain, appeur to uwuit our common country. The influence of tire American revolution, and of the subsequent successful operation of our admirable and complex system of govern ment upon the world, lias already been great, and done much towards the expulsion of those odious and oppressive forms, which have m other portions of the globe, been sustained and upheld by men, who deny the truth of the hitherto doultlul, but now demonstrated prop osition, that “man is capable of sell-govern ment.” All Europe has been agitated nnd convulsed, and shaken from centre to circum ference, by the secret and invisible, but all- powerful and irresistible operations of that spirit, which warmed the bosoms, and prompt ed the hearts of the heroes of Amertcuti inde pendence, to undertake and prosecute the most arduous, self-sacrificing nnd hopeless task, that was ever conceived or imposed. And al though that period has apparently passed, and quiet nnd tranquility, in this respect seem to rest upon the Eastern continent, yet we nfo hound to believe that the repose of the spirit of Republicanism, in that quarter, is but the sleep of volcanic fir^s. In South America, also, the effects of onr example have been great and powerful. The noble aud animated struggle of her sons in the cause of liberty—and their persevering and untiring efforts to erect an independent gov ernment—under it to enjoy the blessings, and exercise the prerogatives of freemen, can nev er be forgotten. Upon the historic page they are recorded and emblazoned, and by the la test generations they will be read nnd apprecia ted. Closely linked to them, and upon the same page, will live the mime of Bolivar, en circled with a halo of glory brighter, more beautiful and lasting, than “the phosphoric, light, which gleams from the bones of a buried ancestry.” At a later day, under the same genial and fructifying influence, which transplanted and nourished fora while, in European soil.nsprig plucked from the tree of American liberty, there has sprung up, toward the South, a young Empire, that gives the fairest promise of future greatness and renown. The bright est star that flouts in the canopy of heaven, has its radiance obscured by the flood of light, poured forth by the sun, as be performs his diurnal revolutions. And so it is with the new-born republic. .Such is its proximity to the United States, and such its uifancy, that its lustre ts lost and disappears, amid the glory shed upon the world, by the American Union. Under the protecting wing, however, of the “mother country,” Texas is ye* destined to have her name enrolled high upon the cata logue of Nations., If, then, so much has already been effected within the short space of time, which compri ses the existence of our government, for the emancipation of mankind from the thraldom of tyranny and the shackles of oppression, What is there that we could wish or desire, the accomplishment of which, we are not au thorized to anticipate? Avoiding the univer sal fate ofthe Republics ofby-goue days, “ That rose, flourished and died away, Like morning dews before the king of day,” the only remaining evidences of whose for mer greatness nnd glory, arc a few moulder ing columns or decaying temples; this, based upon the increasing virtue and intelligence of the people, shall withstand and defy the corro ding tooth of time, and lavish profusely upon millions yet unborn, trie blessings we to-day enjoy. From the temple of American free dom, the voice of dertlocracy will; never cense to reverl>erate, until it shall have aroused from their apathy, and startled from their slumbers, those who “bow submissively” at the feet of Despots. The flame which has been enkin dled upon the altar of American independence, will never be extinguished, until its beams shall have hurst upon, and shall have irradia ted the midnight gloom, that enshrouds the minds ofthe degraded vassals of foreign climes. The American eagle will never wing her flight from our peaceful shores, until 'she shall have borne nnd transplanted in “earth’s retno- shall be swept down, to float off like common recks upon the returnless tide. And then, in deed, will the bright vision of the poet be ful ly realized, when he sung, “ Prone to the dust, oppression shill be hurled; Her name, her nature, withered from the world.” And when in connection vyith the two other events to which allusion has already been made, this auspicious peiiod shall arrive—- when the sun of science shall career proudly to his zenith in the heavens, and under his ge nial rays, shall revolve the globe—when the standards of Christianity and civilization shall have been planted upon every shore, and their hauliers unfurled to every breeze—when songs of freedom shall burst forth from every tongue, aud hosannas of independence shall make the welkin ring—then will a world, “ redeemed, regenerated and disenthralled” in one undying and never ceasing strain, sing the virtues,and chnnt the praises of the IMMORTAL WASH INGTON. Fellow-Members .—Twenty-one years have elupsed, since the organization and estab lishment of the institution, whose anniversary we this day celebrate. Numerous have been the difficulties, und formidable the obstacles with which onr society has had to contend.— By the persevering and unwavering efforts however, of her friends, she has nobly sustain ed herself, and triumphantly overcome them all. And to-day, we huvp the proud satisfac tion of knowing, that she stands forth, com pletely disenthralled from every thing calcula ted to impede her onward progress, to "that high and exalted stand among similar institu tions of the country, which it was the original intention, mid fond anticipation of her found ers, she should occupy. Henceforth, then, let ns spare no effort, relax not our exertions, un til the Phi Kappa Society shall become, like the queen of the stars, “the fuirest and the loveliest among ten thousand.” Your probationary state here, fellow-mem bers, will soon have terminated. Your seclu ded apprenticeship, with those whose pleasure it is, to lend yon through the flowery fields of literature, will soon have ended. The day is not far distant, when your last offering will have been made at the altar, which has here been dedicated to science, and your last visit will have been paid to the temple which, on this consecrated spot, has been erected to the muses. Your walks among the classic shades of Franklin, will soon have ceased. How im portant then, in view of the hopes entertained by those who frel tiie deepest nnd liveliest in terest in your welfare and success, in view of the blessings which must accrue to yourselves, and in view of the great and responsible duties which will devolve upon you in after life, that yon apply yourselves diligently and assiduous ly to the prosecution of those studies, which have been marked out and set before you.— How indispensable, in order that these hopes may be realized, these blessings attained, and these duties discharged, that yon improve well the advantages nnd opportunities here afford ed, lor the Cultivation of your intellects, Itie improvement of your minds, and the acquisi tion of knowledge. Perhaps no circumstance is so well calcula ted to discourage the young devotee, in the pursuit of knowledge, as the reflection which, like an evil genius haunts Iris mind, that by him, the “ultima Thule*'of science can nev er be reached. Each successive point in his progress, instead of bringing him nearer the imaginary goal, upon which in the outset he fixed his eye, serves but to unfold to bis aston ished view new and unbounded prospects.— At each successive step. “ Hills peep"o'er hills and alps on alps arise.” Aud lienee, it not unfreqnently happens, that the ardor of pursuit is c ooled, the energies become paralyzed, and all effort on the part of tho student suspended. But let me beseech you to remember “ ImpTobcs labor, vir.cit omnia," and that by the exercise of a constant and unwearied application, you will finally be en abled to scale the alpine heights of knowledge, and in ecstaey exclaim one to another, behold the dazzling pyramids of Science! the reward of all our toil. And Fellow-Members, as was once said by a Son of Erin, of the genius of Caledonia, may you say, or cause it to be said, that the genius of the South wings her eagle flight, ngauist the Maze of every science, with an eye that never winks, and a wing that nev er tires. CONGRESS. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Wednesday, February 17, 1841. CIVIL AND DIPLOMATIC APPROPRIATION BILL. Ou motion ol Mr. JONES of Virginia, the House resolved itself into u Committee of the Whole tn the State of (he Uuion, (Mr. Bell in. the chair,) and resumed the consideration of the MU making appropriations for the civil und diplomatic, expenses of the Government for tho year 1841. The question pending was the motion of Mr. Green to strike out all tho Uems of appropriation having reference to tho Brand) Mints of North Carolina, Georgia and New Orleans, und the expenditures connected therewith. Mr. COOPER of Georgia said that ha would add u few remarks to those mudo by his cqlleague fr om Habersham county. 1 find Mr. Chairman, (said Mr. C.) the es tablishment of tin se branch mints to have been n part of your policy for several years. The motion to strike out involves a change. To justify this change, it should be shown or od^ milled hy the friends of the policy, that the reasons for creating them were unlbunded, ol that .those, reasons haA’e faihd to operate.— What were ihose reasons? The gentleman from Vermont has intimated to you, as he did inst session, that one reason was lo protect the laboring classes in the gold region. This 1 do not agree to; -for, with equal ptopriety, the sume might be assigned as a reason for estab lishing the principal Mint ut Philadel| hia, which was established before the discovery of gold in North Carolina and Georgia. Again: foreign gold is not taxed by this !a\y to enliuuce the value of our gold, but competes fairly at the Mint with the domestic. There fore, tiie idea of protection is misapplied here. Tiie presumption is that the objects ofthe law were to diffuse n metallic currency amongst the mass of the people, and to give to those States which produced the gold the full bene fits of that product, free of the taxation inci dent to an exportation to a foreign market.— This, sir, is carrying out tiie pnuciplcs of free trade on terms of equality. , . But establish your Mint exclusively at Phi’-, adelphia, and whut is the effect? The entire product of gold in Georgia, North Carolina, Alabama, and Tennessee, will lie shipped to Philadelphia, just as cot:on, rice, or tobacco is to New York or Europe, before it will become available as money. This involves the cost of discounts, commissions, insurance, and freight j so that a man in Georgia, after possessing him self of the specific metal, will not he permitted to count it out as money, until lie shall sub mit to all these items of cost. This, too, will he by the operation of your laws. And to what end ? Why, sir, tha* your Government agents at Philadelphia may have the benefit of tliede- posite and coinage of his money—a benefit which heretofore has teen worth to your bank agencies liilllUl ed.-> of ilwiKMijU. The cost of n branch mint, therefore, of $6,- 000 a year? is a tax for protection, (you say,) though the man who buys pays no more for the, coin ; and yet the tax which would he paid by the producer ofthe gold, for the benefit of your Philadelphia agencies, hy which he receives- less, is no protection to your great city and its United States Bank. This, sir, is a fair speci men of Bank logic, and is based on the univer sal assumption that whatever is given, or loan ed, or paid to the Bank, is rightfully bestowed. You will perceive, therefore, that the refer ence of this motion to a United Slates Bank policy, by the gentleman from North Cnroliun, [Mr. Bynum,] is exceedingly appropriate. All the active operations of Unit institution were, end will he. on Government funds and private deposites. The former are of specie, (Georgia and North Carolina gold, lor instance,) or bank notes commanding specie. The amount in volved in the operations of tho branch limits is worth contending lor, being from half to nniil- Biceipt for the Ladies.—Cream may he fro zen by simply putting it into a glass vessel, and then placing the whole in an old bachelor’s bo som. ward still, in stronger and yet stronger cur rents, till the ancient pillars of Despotism, that have been vainly imagined by kings to have their foundation in the centre of the earthy • You want nothing of irou ware but a dish' kettle,’said an old house wife in the backwoods to her daughter who was just married. ‘ Why, when your father and l commenced, l had no thing but a dish kettle. 1 used to boil tny cof fee in it nnd pour that into a pitcher—then boil my potatoes fit it and set them on ri plate by the fire to keep warm while I stewed up the meat in it—I used to milk" in it—and always after a meal 1 fed the hogs out of the kettle. You can do a great deni with udish kettle, Sully, if you’re only a mind to.’ A priest who bad received four hundred dol lars, was, hy another society, offered six hun dred and fifty. It was presented us a cull to the regular authority, acknowledged as such by them, and he of course regularly dismissed, und in due time inducted into his office. In hiddtug his people a provisionary farewell, he addressed a poor hut shrewd black, who was u member of his church: ‘ Well, Jack, I have to leave you.’ ‘Ah! how so?’ ‘Why, Jack, the Lord has called me to preach the Gospel in another place.’ ‘ How much do you get here?’ iuquired the negro, ‘Font hundred dollars.* ‘And how much will yon receive there?’ ‘Six hundred and fifty.’ \Yell,>eU, irihe Lord call so loud as two test bounds,” a branch from the green and flonr^ hundred aud'fifty dollars, I spose you have to ishing tree of Liberty. The influence of our "hear him!’ country will continne to flow onward and on- ■ ; Youth should reflect that profanity is asnre dicat ion of improf ‘ ‘ umlo sar a perfect gentle p hit conrersutiofc. lion of dollars annually in United Stalesgold, besides foreign coin. This will form nn im portant item in the specie exhibit of vonr Bunk. - Another lasis of the nctiye operations of such a Bank has been, and will hr, cotton, rice, and tobacco. By these it has cot it ro'led, and will control the foreign exchanges. By the gold products and other deposites of your Govern ment, it will control your domestic exchanges, and realize thereon what profits it may deem prudent. So far, then, ns profits are to be derived from the natural products, whether of cotton, rice, tobacco or gold, as a medium of exchan ges, foreign or domestic, it is, by the policy of this law, held to be just and fair that those profits should fall into die bauds ofthe labor ers, merchants, or monical institutions of that people whose soil and climate, work and labor, care and diligence, produce those commodities. This is the principle of the existing law, aud yet gentlemen say this is protection. Yes, sir, it is protection—protection to free trade and equal rights; that is all; and for (hat ouly your Government was formed. ^ _ Another item of expense, sir, 1 would here mention, by no means the least, which would be visited on those hardy yeomanry who dig gold, if you dispensu with your branch mints. It is the exchange of pure gold for batik hills which wear out, or hum up, or prove worth less by hank suspensions or bank breakages. A great safeguard nnd facility to the inhabi tants where gold is produced, arising from its coinage in their vicinity, is an easy, cheap, and certain nnd safe currency for domestic use. Arid now, as tho location of your coinage brings advantages nnd facilities' to those amongst whom it takes place, in realising it jn moneyfree of cost, iti\\\efacilities of currency, &e. it becomes a question not of protection but of alternative right and choice, in whose fa vor yon will decide—the people who dig the gold, or the bankers, brokers, and merchants of Philadelphia. By establishing vour branch' •mints, you have determined according to equity and justice, to distribute a portion of these liettp efits to the gold diggers ; and now the proposi tion is to rensstune the little you have yielded; 1 and that before you have fittrly tasted ycia'f policy of giving-up. iAnd ! why 7 ;'ff is art* 5 indication of improper education. „You never swered: 1st. For economy. 2d. For reform hear a perfect gentleman use profane language in Executive patronage, to diminish the chatj^ ee» of corruption. J, shy amior reform, •