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CONGKESS. Union necessarily implies the destruclion of done, unless (hey were prepared to yield the • - Correspondence of the Charleston Mercury. Washington, Jan. 24, 1S42. 'Seriate. To day, after receiving and refer ring a large number of memorials'on the sub ject of the Bankrupt law, Mr. Clay’s joint reso lutions for the amendment of the Constitution were taken up, and he addressed the Senate for about an hour and a half in their favor.— He contended that the Whigs had come into power pledged to carry out, substan’ially the principle of these resolutions—the restriction of Executive power. Mr. Preston replied at considerable length to Mr. Clay, and contend ed that any alteration of the Constitution would be perilous, and would he, in fact, a breach of the compact of Confederation. He took strong ground in favor of the Veto, as an eminently conservative power, exercised by the mo t Democratic branch of the Government. Mr Buchanan then obtained the floor, and on his motion, the further consideration of the sub ject was postponed until Monday next, to-mor row being assigned for the consideration of the bill to repeal the Bankrupt law. House of Representatives. Mr. Adams claimed the right to proceed in his defence against the charge of monomania; bnt the House decided by a vote of 91 to 76 that he had already said enough on the subject. Mr. Wise then asked the opportunity to reply to attacks made upon him by Mr. Adams; but (his was laid upon the table, ayes 101, noes 78. Mr. Adams then moved that the petition charging him with monomania he received, and referred to the committee on Foreign Re lations, with instructions to select another Chairman if they thought proper; but giving notice that he intended to debate the motion of instructions, it lies over. Mr. Gilmer inquired if the Committee on Foreign relations could notact on the subject without instructions.— Mr. Adams said that the Committee could de cide that point. Mr. Gilmer said they would have an opportunity of doing so, as he would bring the question before them. Mr. Adams then •presented various Abolition petitions, fvhich were excluded under the rule. He tjien presented a petition of inhabitants of Ha verhill, (Mnss.) praying Congress to adopt measures peaceably to dissolve the Union of these States,—because r.o Union can be agree able or permanent, which does not present prospects of reciprocal benefits; 2d. Because a vast proportion of the resources of one section of the Union annually drained to sustain the views and course of another section, without tyiy.ndequnte return ; and 3d. Because, judg ing from the history of past nations that Union, if persisted in, in the present course of things, will certainly overwhelm the whole nntion in utter destruction. This paper is signed by forty six names of citizens .of Ha verhill, many of them said to be easy la their circumstances, and respectable in their stand ing ; and every one of whom is said to he an Ab olitionist. Upon the presentation of it there was a very general burst of indignation from the Democratic members and some of the Southern Whigs, whom the occurrences of the post few days have awakened from a delu sion under which they have been long labor ing, and who seem very much disposed to shake ofT their allegiance to a parly which en courages the fanatic while he holds the knife to their throats, and tiie brand to their dwel lings. Several motions were proposed in rap id succession, by Messrs. Hopkins, Wise, Holmes and Chapman, to reject the petition and burnt it in the presence of the House, to lay it on the table and print, to declare the presentation of any such petition as cause for censure, &c. but before any definite action was had thereon, the House adjourned. Thus has another day been passed in wit nessing the vagaries of the honorable mono maniac of Massachusetts. Public business completely at a stand, the Treasury not only without a cent in its coffers, hut bankrupt for more than a million of dollars, and yet Mr. Adams has been aided and counte nanced by his Whig friends in consuming the time of the House. Even some of the South ern Whigs have assisted in this, when they could dc it covertly. Mr. Stanly for instance on Saturday last, though he . refused to vote when the yeas and nays were called, on the pretext that he did not understand the ques tion, yet he passed through the tellers in favor of permitting Mr. Adams to make the speech in which he denounced with such fierce and angry invectives the institutions of the South, 'l'hi's has had one good cfiect, in opening tiie eyes of some of the party, and from some de monstrations mad? by Messrs. Ray tier of North Carolina and C. H. Williams of Tennessee, it would not be very surprising should they soon bid adieu to Whiggery and forever. Washington, Jan.25,1842. Senate. To-day a resolution w as adorned after considerable debate, which directs that hereafter no claim which has been once repor ted on unfavourably, shall be again consider ed, without the introduction of new testimony, declared under oath to be important. Tiie adoption of this rule was strongly urged by Mr. Calhoun two years ago, but the Senate were not ripe for it. The Bill to repeal the Bankrupt law was then taken tip, and Mr. Ber rien spoke for more than two hours in opposi tion to the bill. In the course ofhis remarks, he referred to the instructions of his Legisla ture, to vote for the repeal of the law, and de clared his intention to disobey theta. The fate of the bill is extremely doubtful, and is supposed to depend on the vote of Mr. Man- gurir. House of Representatives. The various appropriation bills were reported from the Committee of Ways and Means. The Treas ury Note bill was then taken up, the question being on concurring in the amendments of the Seuate. Mr. Sprigg addressed the House tor some time in opposition to the amend ments. He contrasted the professions of the Whigs, (declaring himselt to be one) on the score of entrenchment and economy, with t he expenditures of last year, and the estimates tor the present, and declared that if the party would not stick to its principles, he would.— His remarks were arrested by the expiration of the morning hour, and the consideration of the unfinished business of yesterday was re sumed. The first question was the motion to lay Mr. Gilmer’s motion on the fable. This was' neg atived, ayes 94, noes 112. Mr. Marshall then submitted ns a substitute the following; Whereas the Federal Constitution is a per manent form of government and of perpetual obligation, until altered or modified in the mode pointed out hy that instrument, and the members of this House, deriving their politi cal character and powers from the same, are sworn to support it, and the dissolution of the that instrument, the overthrow of the Ameri can R: public, and the extinction of our nation al existence. A proposition, therefore, to the Representatives of the people, to dissolve the organic law framed by their constituents and to support which they are commanded by those constituents to be sworn, before they can enter upon the execution of the political pow ers created by it, and entrusted to them, is a high breach of privilege, a contempt offered to this House, a direct proposition to the Legis lature and each member ol it, to commit per jury ; and involves, necessarily, in ns execu tion and its consequences, the destruction of our country and the crime of high treason. Resolved, I'hcrefore, That the Hon. John Q. Adams, a member from Massachusetts, in presenting for the consideration of the House of Representatives of the United Slates, a peti tion praying the dissolution of the Union, has offered tiie deepest indignity to the House of which he is a member; an insult to ihe people o| the United Slates, of which the House is the Legislative organ, and will, if this outrage he permitted to pass tin rebuked and unpun ished, have disgrar ed his country, through their Repres ntatives, in the eves of tiie whole world. Resolved further, That the aforesaid J. €1. Adams, for this insult, the first of the kind ev er offered to the government, and for the wound which he has permitted to be aimed, through his instrumentality, at the Constitu tion and existence of his country, the peace, the security', and the liberty of tiie people of these Stales, might well be held to merit ex pulsion from national councils : and the House deem it an act of grace and mercy, when they only inflict upon him their severest censure for conduct so utterly unworthy of his past rela tions to the State, and his present position.— This they hereby do for the maintenance of their own purity and dignity; for the rest they turn him over to his own conscience and the indignation of all true American citizens At the close of the reading of the resolutions there was a spontaneous burst ofapplause on the floor, and in the galleries. Order being restored Mr. Marshall in some very appropri ate and eloquent remarks advocated the adop tion of his resolutions. Mr. Adams spoke half an hour in reply ; and, though declining logo generally into his defence until he ascertained whether the House would entertain the resolutions, he insisted on the propriety ofhis course, and the right of the petitioners to make known their grievances and demand redress. To preserve the Union, he said, it was uecessajy that the free States should be protected in their rights, and the light of petition more especially, and without this the Union could not long exist. He was followed by Mr. Everett of Vermont, who moved that the further consideration of the resolutions be postponed until Tuesday next. whole, which would be the effect of the aban donment of this law. The morning hour having expired, Tiie Senate then took up the bill of the Uonse of Representatives to repeal the Bank rupt Law. Mr. Benton resumed and concluded Ids re marks from yesterday. Mr. Williams explained the reason why he should led himself bound to vote against the repeal of the law. The State of Maine was in favor of a bankrupt law to afford reliefto honest and unfortunate debtors; and although he wished to see the law of last session greatly amended, and also extended to banking corpo rations, yet believing the wishes of his State did not extend to its repeal, lie felt that he dionld best discharge his duty in voting as he intended. The question now being, Shull the bill pass? Mr. Clay demanded the yeas and nays; which being ordered and taken, were—yeas 22, nays 23, as follows : Yeas—Messrs. Allen, Archer, Bayard, Ben ton, Buchanan, Calhoun, Fulton, Graham, King, Linn, RlcRoberts, Morehead, Pierce, Prentiss, Rives, Sevipr, Smilhof Connecticut, Sturgeon, Tampan, Woodbury, VVright, and Young.—22. Nays—Messrs. Barrow, Bates, Berrien, Choatr, Clay, Clayton, Evans, Henderson, Huntington, Kerr, Mangmn, Merrick, Miller, Phelps, Porter, Simmons, Smith of Indiana, Southard, Tallmadge, Walker, White, Wil liams, and Woodbridge—23. So the bid was rejected. Before the vote was announced, Mr. Mangum remarked that he had been re quested to account for the absence of the Sen ator from So. Carolina, [Mr. Preston.] That Senator, by special appointment to attend to some business with the Senator from Louisi ana, [Mr. Mouton,] had paired off with that Senator. Mr. Clay moved that when the Senate ad journ, it adjourn till Monday next; which motion was agreed to. On motion of Mr. Clay, the Senate then ad journed. House of Representatives. The journal having been read, Mr. Lewis Williams moved a call of the House, which having-been carried, The roll was called ; when it appeared that 170 members answered to their names. ATHENS, GEORGIA.. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1849. REMOVAL. The Office of the Banner has been removed to the new wood building a few yards west of the Post-Office. on the principal thorough-fare through town ; where or ders for job printing, advertising or new subscriptions will be thankfully received; and receipts Jor dues already incurred by our various patrons, made out and signed at short notice. The doors were then closed, and the absen tees called, when it appeared that there were 201 members present. On motion by Mr. Fillmore, further procee dings under the call were dispensed with, and The House resumed the consideration of the resolution submitted by Mr. Marshall, to censure Mr. John Quincy Adams, a member of that House, for having presented a petition from certain citizens of Haverhill, Massachu- To Correspondents. Longwood,” can have his communication return ed, upon application, by paying the 23 cents postage which it cost us. * Mr. Flournoy’s remarks upon Liebig’s Organic Chemistry of Agriculture and Physiology, will proba bly appear next week. Editorial Change. The “ Southern Whig” has again changed hands.— Doct. Fi.int, who for some time past has been con ducting the editorial department, has tetired, and his place is supplied by P. Clayton, Esq. whose saluta tory appears in the last number. We welcome Broth er Clayton to the fraternity, and trust that amid the toils and vexations of an Editor’s life, he may meet with those substantial rewards which arc necessary to give him comfort and encouragement on his way. Cultivation of Tobacco. Most of our readers have probably seen among the list of Legislative enactments, notice of one es tablishing a Tobacco inspection in the town of Athens. This law seems to us to be one of considerable im portance to the people of this section of country.— Cotton in this region has almost ceased to be a profit able crop, and in many of the upper counties it cannot be cultivated to any advantage at all. It consequent ly beomes necessary that those of our people who are dependant upon agricultural pursuits, should se lect some other article of cultivation which may yield them a betterreward fortheirlabor—and perhaps at this time no cropwould be more profitable than thatoftobac co. The price ofthis article is much greater than it was when formerly cultivated here; and with a little care in preparing the land, it might be made to produce as much as it ever did. The advantage of having in spectors at this place, is that the article may be pre pared for market near the points of cultivation, and thus the producer will be able to realize tiie same prices as are obtained in other sections of the country. Attention being turned to the subject, and an increas ed number of persons being engaged in its produc tion, manufactories will be established, additional skill will be acquired ; and a trade may he soon es tablished which will add largely the productive wealth of this portion of the State. As this is the season for making arrangements for planting, we throw out these suggestions for the con sideration of our agricultural friends. Too little attention is paid to the practical operation of proposed statutes, or to the practicability of en forcing them. Evils are seen to exist, and laws are made to remedy them, but in many cases the remedy is as bad as the disease. Laws are eriacted, toe harsh in their provisions, and too speedy in their op eration, to be sanctioned by public opinion; hence they are not enforced, and soon become a dead let ter upon our statute books. We might instance some in our own state, but they will readily occur to the mind of the reader. The consequence is, that those laws which are just and equitable in themselves, do not exert the proper influence upon the minds and conduct of our citizens. This we regard as a seriou# evil. The remedy will be found in returning to the good old way from which we have departed. Let us change our habits of thinking and feeling. Let it be considered as more honest and honorable to gain in dependence and wealth by working for it at some useful and productive business, than by seeking it in gambling in stocks, dealing in lots in imaginary cities, or issuing shin-plasters. Drive away the idea that show and parade are better than utility and comfort; and let our individual tastes conform to the simplici ty of our Democratic institutions. We will then rear again a bulwark of integrity and virtue, which shall protect us from the follies we have lately indulged, and from the evils under which we are now suffer ing. Let our legislators study more carefully to adapt their enactments to the genius and spirit of the people—let them make practicable as well as just laws—and such scenes as those mentioned in the beginning of this article, will he of rare occurence. He said it was a subject which demanded the ! setts, to dissolve the Union. greatest deliberation that could be bestowed upon it, and it became them to look well to the consoqnonros before they proceeded in it. In his opinion, il these resolutions were pass ed, it would be the initiatory step to a dissolu tion of the Union which would l>e effected, peaceably if they could, forcibly if they must. Mr. Wise followed in reply to Mr. Adams, and Showed by « documentary evidence dint ever since he had been hurled from power by the South in 1S28, he laid evinced the most deadly hatred to that section of the Union, and in furtherance of that hostility he was now lending himself as the agent of the British party to effect a dismemberment of this glori ous Confederacy, determined to ruin if he could not rule. Without concluding, Mr. Wise yielded to a motion for adjournment, which was carried. It is hardly possible to conjecture what wili be the result of the debate commenced to day ; bnt be that as it may, it is time that the con troversy was settled, and that the South knew what she has to expect. The lrieuds of the constitution however, iu the promptitude of the present movement, have taken the incen diaries at a disadvantage, and if it is followed up courageously but prudently, it will result in their annihilation. FOR THE SOUTHERN BANNER. Mr. Chase,—I send you for publication my annual list of the deaths in Athens. Our town has enjoyed during the last year an extraordinary degree of health, the mortality not having reached one half of the amount of 1839 and 1840. The deaths in 1841 have been only 18, while those of 1839 were 40, and those of 1840-were 38. The average of the three years is lower by one half than that of the principal cities of the Union, and as I have reason to believe that my lists have been full and accurate, we may be assured, that our town is one half more healthy than these cities. As far as a judgment can be formed from the ac counts of the last three year3, no one season of the year seems to bo more unhealthy than another. If any difference at all exist, the spring months appear to have the greatest mortality. To whatever cause it may he attributed, the deaths in the lower part of the town in proportion to the pop ulation, are yet a little greater than those in the mid dle and upper parts. In the following list of the deaths in Athens for 1841, the letters M and F in the second column, stan ding for Male and Female, indicate the sex of the de ceased, the third column refers to the color, the fourth contains the age, and the fifth the part of the town [The proceedings of the 26th and 27th, were con fined, in tbo Senate, to the consideration of the bill to repeal the Bankrupt law, and in the House, to a dis cussion of Mr. Marshall’s resolutions censuring Mr. Adams.] From the Globe of Friday, Jan. 2S. Congressional Analysis. Senate. After the presentation of the peti tions, and the reception of reports from com mittees, during the morning hour, Mr. C lay presented several remonstrances on the subject of the Bankrupt law, and em braced that opportunity, the only one which would be afforded him before action on that subject, to make some remarks against Us re peal. He knew that if this isolated question of a bankrupt law was presented to Kentucky, she would vote against it. But lie knew too well her magnanimity—although this law might to a very limited extent affect her inter est injuriously—that when she was told it was of vital interest to the other Stales of this Con federation, and that it could not be passed un less as a part of the system of measures, to suppose that she would icfuse her support to U. " he people ol that State, in a spirit of sympathy, would say if the measure was de manded hy the interests of the other sections ofthe country, they would yield their object ions to the one measure, and take it as a part ofthe system. He pledged his life for it, that when Kentucky was told that this was a link in the great system of whig measures, inclu ding the Bank and all, she would say, pre serve Ihe entire system, rather than reject the Bankrupt law. These measures of relief were as necessary now, as they were at the extra session. There was no return of public pros perity, that we might dispense with them.— The reverse was too true. All the considera tions that existed at the extra session for their adoption, ex'st much stronger than at that at that time. They were not likely to be di- raimshed inthe future. The circumstances with which they were then snrronded presen- ed to his mind a sad and gloomy future. The embarrassments tinder which the country was groaning, were he feared, to be increased. He appealed to the Senators to know whether thev would, when the country was writhing under its distresses, repeal this law without a moments warning. He argued that the interests of the creditor were ns well taken care of in this law as the interests ofthe debt or,. unless they were prepared to say that the creditor was not only entitled to the soul of the debtor, but the sou Is of his wife and chil dren. He appealed to the friends of the sys tem not to permit one portion of it to be un- The question being on the motion of Mr. Thompson of Indiana, to lay the resolution on the table, Mr. Marshall appealed to Mr. Thompson to withdraw the motion, to allow an opportunity te reply to the misrepresentations of his reso liiiiou, and to place himself right before the country. Mr. Thompson having consented and with drawn the motion, Mr. Marshall addressed the House nt great length, in a most eloquent and masterly de fence ofthe gioiind lie had taken, after which Mr. Adams replied to it at great length, still protesting against the jurisdiction ofthe House, and demanding that if lie was to be tried, he should be sent to a court of justice. If how ever the House insisted on trying him, lie sisted on postponement, and handed up save ra! resolutions, which he wished the House to adopt, calling upon the Executive Depart ments for information to be used in his de fence. Among the information required by Mr. A. was tiie report of the trial of Captain Bolton ; the correspondence between the Gov ernment mid Mr. Stevenson, and the letters of the Commodore Hull, relative to the return of the Mediterranean squadron, the correspon dence between the Hori. William Cost John son and the President of the United States, rel ative to the 21st rule, the act of the Legisla ture of South Carolina, relative to free negroes going to the ports of that State in merchant vessels: and the opinion of Judge Johnson with regard to the constitutionality ofthe act, &c. <fcc. ’ " In the course ofhis remarks Mr. A. called for the reading of the three several reports that were made to the House in 1838 on the subject of the duel between Messrs. Graves and Cilley, and while the Clerk was reading from one ofthe reports, Mr. A. gave way for an explanation to Mr. Wise, who rose and said : He was glad that he now had an opportunity of saying re- what he had long wished to say, and he thank ed God that there was a large assembly pres ent to hear it, and that the time had at length arrived for him to vindicate himself now and forever, from the charge of instigating and ad vising the duel of Graves and Cilley. He had been charged by the gentleman from Massachusetts with being the instigator and adviser of that duel, and with being more guilty than the man who pulled the trigger; and he (Mr. A.) was reading from the journal with a vie’/ incidentally of convicting him (Mr. W.) of the charge. He was glad to see that there were now present, and in that Hall, two Senators from. Kentucky, who, at' the nme of the duel, represented that State in the Senate of the United States, one of whom (Mr. Clay) was sitting immediately behind thegen- tleinan from Massachusetts : aud he would appeal to them to hear him witness, that his advice was not given, relied on, or followed, in a single preliminary of that duel: that it was the advice of another, n better, a higher, and a more distinguished man, that was relied on; and ns to what occurred upon the ground, was only there as an armed second, to guard the life ofhis friend, with written instructions in his pocket. His only regret now was that he was induced logo, not approving the pre liminary steps that he had been luken in that fight. - o ew t)r,ea ? s assets ofthejlnnk ofthe united States, which includes, according to d ” scr 'P , * on in Ihe Morning Advertiser, the Banking House of the Merchants’ Bank, and the adjoining House, and all the assets, notes, &c. of the Bank, were attached bv the United States Marshal on Thursday. Several of the >1 wa s under the judgement recov- ered at Philadelphia on the French Bill—bnt ™ A< ^ rt,Se . r , the c,aim amounts to over two millions! We learn that the assets proper i££a.-'” utee, "" ,uy re The 9Iol> Spirit Banks—Legislation. A Very serious outbreak of the populaco occur red in Cincinnati, Ohio, recently, which resulted in the destruction of several Banks and Shinplaster shops, involving a considerable loss of property. In Louisville, Ky. similar demonstrations to a smal ler extent have taken place; only one of the manu factories of the modern currency being destroyed. Our own State, too, is not without an example of the same kind of violation of law. Gen. Griffin, late President of the Monroe Rail Road Bank, is stated not long since to have fallen into the hands of a mob, whose treatment he represents to have been any thing but gentle. These are not the only instances of recent occur rence, where a portion of the people, deceived and swindled by fraudulent Bank or corporation promis- n. cs, have taken vengeance in their own hands, violated the laws of the county, and added to the grievances under which they labor, by destroying tiie little prop erty which might have been used in payment of their claims. A wrong spirit prevails among the people. In many, the hope of acquiring wealth wi’hout labor, has tempted to the wildest speculations and the most kna vish practices; and others who have been duped and defrauded, let their passions triumph'over right, and seek vengeance rather than just restitution. Tire sanc tity of the law is thus invaded ; the respect which is due it is lessened ; its hold upon us, is weakening ev ery day; its administration is interrupted; and it has almost ceased to be a terror to e\ il doors, or a shield from oppression. People are becoming restless un der its restraints, forgetting that while they throw off its trammels, they deprive themselves of its protec tion, and that thus the tendency of their conduct is to confusion and anarchy. It is no difficult matter to foretel the direful conse quences which must ensue, if this spirit is not check ed. But how shall this be done ! The answer is not easily given.. It is evident, however, that the causes which have produced the present laxity of principle— which have lowered the standard of morality and pub lic virtue —must be removed ; and a better sense of right and wrong, and a more thorough conviction of the necessitty of maintaining the supremacy of the laws, as well for our individual happiness as fer the stability of our government, be entertained. To bring this about requires firmness, energy anti self-de nial. But what are the causes to which we have alluded, and what should be done to remove them I We will offer a solution of this question, such as satisfies our mind, though doubtless many will differ with us in opiuion. We think the evils under which we now la bor aro mainly owing to the artificial stimulus which for a few years past has been giveu to business and speculation, through the agency of Bank facilities and Bank paper. Tiie good old way of making a living by the sweat of the brow, has, like the Union Bank Bonds, been repudiated. Financiering has been brought to such perfection, that people have discov ered a way of making money without the intervention of the precious metals, and of getting rich on paper, without the use of labor or real capital. It would re quire more room than we can spare, to detail all the schemes which have been devised for speculation, or to show how fortunes have been made or lost in a day. But the mode is familiar to all. Until recent ly, the modern system received no check ; but as ev ery thing which violates the laws of nature or trade, must come to a halt at some time, so it could net be expected that the irredeemable paper currency which was so profusely set afloat, could always maintain its credit. Some people began to prefer the substance to the shadow, and in seeking to exchange it, exposed the rottenness of the system. Want of confidence ensued—persons who had embarked largely in haz ardous enterprises, (ailed to realize their hopes; and, reckless in their investments, they have become des perated in disappointment. The moral feelings, ener vated by gambling speculations, and the extravagance and luxury consequent upon them, have not regained a healthful tone; hence infractions ofthe law are now looked upon as crimes of smaller magnitude than they were formerly. Another reason why the laws aro not respected may be found in tho character of our legislation.- where the deceased January 5 resided. M B 19 Middle. February 21 M IV' 20 ' “ '22 F B 1 March 22 M B I (a April 4 F W 26 Upper May 15 M - W 1 Lower. J une 20 F IV 1 i* July 0 F B 1 “ “ 24 M B 7 Upper. “ 25 F W 1 Middle. August 19 “ 30 F B 5 M W 45 Lower. September 24 F B 1 Middle. October 19 F B 1 Lower. November 19 F W 27 Upper. “ 20 M W 60 Lower. “ 24 F VV 29 •• December 31 F B 35 Middle. The deaths in Athens for the last three years have been 96, which is one in 67 of our whole population. In 1840 tho deaths in Baltimore were 2,236 cr 1 in 45, Philadelphia “ 4,949 “ 1 “ 45, New York “ 7,863 “ l “ 40, Charleston •* 605 “ 1 “ 49. The deaths l'or the different months have been as follows : January, February, March, April, May, June, 8 10 5 5 11 12 July, August, September, Octoqer. November, December, I estimate the population ofthe town the same as it was last year, except that an addition of 50 is made to the lower part, on account of the extension of the corporate limits in that direction. The deaths and their ratio to the population of each part of the town, are as follows: In the Upper part, 14, or l in 92. “ Middle, “ 50, “ 1 “ 04. “ Lower, “ 32, “ 1 “ 60. Tho difference between the Middle and Lower parts is very small. From the New York Sun, Extra, 23d inst. Arrival of the Britaunia. THIRTY DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE. The Royal Mail Steamer Britannia, Cnpt. Hewitt, arrived at Boston last evenin' at 5 o’clock. We have full files from Londou to the 3d. and Liverpool to the 4tli instant. The news will be found highly interesting and impor tant. The aspect of financial and commer cial affairs is decidedly more favorable than was generally anticipated. Foremost in importance is the intelligence ot the appointment of Lord Ashbnrlon as a special Minister ol the United States, for the purpose of entering into negotiations for the fi nal settlement of nil difficulties between tiie two countries. Tiie repudiation doctrines, about which so much has been said in this country, caused no excitement whatever in London. The papers scarcely allude to the subject at all. The Message of President Tyler had been received and read with much iuterest and sat isfaction. Its pacific tone caused immense rise in the funds. Among the passengers in the Britannia are Mr. Charles Dickens, the celebrated author, and his lady; Mr. Mosely, bearer of despatch es, and Earl Mnlgrave. Tiie news from Turkey and the East indicate further disturbances. There lias been a change of Ministry at Constantinople. The French Chambers were opened hy a speech from the King on the 27th ult. Eve ry thing was quiet at Paris, and the reduction of the army was progressing. There had been several frightful rail road accidents in England attended with extensive loss of life. The Queen Dowager is said to be conva lescent—but some of the papers express doubts of the fact, and suppose the announcement made to prevent any gloom being throwu over the approaching festivities at Windsor. The Exchequer Bill Fra,--i.—The final and revised statement of E. B. Smith to the treasury is to the following efleet. “ That he was introduced so long back as 1820 toRapallo, Solari, and one or two of their associates. That soon after, becoming en tangled in accommodation bills, ho was temp ted to ‘borrow’ an exchequer bill of $1,000 in order to raise money to meet his acceptan- ces. , r “That a speculation was entered into by Repallo and his friends, which, if successful was to have extricated all parties from their difficulties. But it proved most unfortunate, and plunged them into increased perplexity and trouble. 3 “That apparently it lay in his power at any time to secrete and misapply almost any inun- ber of bills, wanting only the signature, and by a simple forgery to turn them into good and valid exchequer bills. “ That no person of rank or public charac ter whatever was iu any way mixed up in ffi e transaction; the parties being himself, Solari Rapallo, and another individual, whose office was in Basinghall street, at which place they used to meet and concert their plans. ’ “ He believes the whole amount fabricated to be about 3-10,0U0(; but it is doubtful wheth er a sum of 40,000/ is or is not included in this total. “He still maintains that this whole amount has been wasted, from time to time, iu gamb ling transactions on the Stock Exchange.” Dreadful Rail Road Accident.—On the 24th ult. a train of freight cars on the Great Western Railway was suddenly arrested by coming in contact with a mass ofthe embank ment, that had fallen upon the rails at the deep cutting called the gullet. A frightful scene occurred. Tiie engine, tender and cars were dashed to atoms; eighty passengers were instantly kil led and fifteen or twenty very seriously, some of them mortally wounded. They were mostly industrious laborers and mechanics. Gratifying news in respect to the Santa Fe expedition, has been received at New Orleans by the steamship Neptune which left Galves ton on tho 13th instant. The French frigate Sabine hrought to Gal veston, Tampico dates of the 8th of January, and Vera Cruz dates of the 21th December’. The accounts by them are, that the prisoners of Santa Fe had arrived at the city of Mexico and were well treated. The story ofcrtteliies practised upon them, is said lo be unfounded. They were to be regularly tried on charges brought against them. 8 The delay, it is hoped, will ennhle the American messenger despatched by onr <mv- ernment with despatches relating to their*de tention, to reach the c ity Mexico before any harm can happen lo the prisoners. The mes senger, D. V. McRae, Esq. passed through th.s city a day or two since, and is empower ed to require at New Orleans, any government vessel, to forward him to his destination as soon ns possible. The revenue culler will probably take him directly to Vera Cruz. The Mexicans, it seems, are really making preparations to make warupon Texas. Two Mexican steamers, mounting Paixliau guns, lately built in England, were daily expected at Vera Cruz, for the purpose of forming an ex pedition to blockade Galveston; and they taik of sending twenty thousand men lo invade Texas » On the other hand, a part of the Texiunnnd Yucatan navy were on their evay to blockade Vera Cruz ! Both paities had bel ter stay at home,—Mobile Register. Sir. Catlterwood nt, Uj^mal. We have just seen a letter, dated November 27, written hy our friend Mr. Catlterwood, at the ruins in Uxnml, of the Northern part of Yucatan. He writes that their party had al ready been several weeks busily occupied in their researches among the ruins of that place, and that so vast and so full of interest were these ancient remains, that a month longer will be necessary before they can complete their drawings and investigations ; after winch they will proceed to Chiteit, Iizan mid other places in which some remarkable antiquities exist, and which have not yet been described. 11 In fact,” observes Mr. Catlterwood, “the whole country is covered with ruins, and onr great est difficulty is. in choosing those of most im portance, which will tend to some definiteend, find where wo. shall be most rewarded for cur labors.” Several months he supposes will still be necessary to accomplish their purpo ses, as they do not intend to let arty thing of importance escape their attention. The pro prietor of Uxmnl mid of an extensive district of country aropnd, Don Simon Peon, was with our travellers, and had extended to them eve ry facility they could wish in accomplishing the objects of their visit. Dr. Cabot, a young physician and naturalist lrotn Boston, was also with them—Providence Journal. The Senate of Louisiana has passed unani mously. and sent to the House for concurrence, an act “to prevent further violation ofthe law by Banks.” It prohibits the further issue of any sort of notes or post notes, or certificates of deposites, by the Banks, payable in futuro or on demand; and makes every officer issu ing any such note, subject to criminal prose cution ; any director authorizing it. or sanc tioning it by his vote or presence at the board when authorised, and not protesting against it, and putting his protest iu writing on the minutes ; or who shall not within ten days af ter such issue is ordered, move and vote for rescinding it, is also liable to prosecution, ntul may be punished by fine from $500 lo$50l)0, or imprisonment not more than two years, or both, a*, the discretion of the court.—Mobile Register. From the Macon Messenger. A meeting of the Stockholders of the Mon roe Rail Road Bank, was helu in this place agreeably to public notice, on Tuesday mor ning. The meeting was large, consisting ol some 200 Stockholders. A committee was appointed to make an examination of the con dition of the Bank, and a report was made set ting forth the state of the Bank, its assets and liabilities. The report has been the .subject of much street talk, but we have not seen it and therefore can say nothin? of it. We learn informally—that the liabilities of the Batik arc in round numbers $700,000. One hundred and seventy five thousand of which, are deposits and unclaimed devideuds, leaving a circulation of bills, road certificates and bonds, ot five hundred and thirty odd thous and dollars. The assets exclusive of theroad are about $500,000,$200,000 of which it is calculated are unavailable. The meeting elected the following gentlemen to control the institution for the ensuing year. JOSEPH DAY, President. Directors, T. G. Holt, J. G. Moore, Jos. Smith, Si. Lanier, Jno. D. Winn, and John Daley. Thirty Negroes belonging to Gen. Griffin, of various ages and value, and assigned by him for the payment of his Stock in the Morr-