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POLITICAL.
Front the Democratic Review.
A Short Argument on theDoctrlne of
/-jV. ■ . Instruction.
(jne definition of the word representative is
this: “In legislative, or other business, an
agent, deputy, or substitute, who supplies the
pTace of another or others, being invested with
his or their authority.” That this is a correct
literal definition. \ve presume will not be ques
tioned. VVe shall not now examine the Con
stitution ot the United States to ascertain
what might have been the iutention of its fra
mers in fixing the legislative terms of office.
It may be sufficient to say that nothing is there
expressly declared in regard to this point; so
that whether the extended term of Senators, or
the'limited term of Representatives, was in
tended as a guard against popular excitement,
or h* u mere matter of convenience, is wholly
left to conjecture or inference. We would uot
CONGRESS.
Correspondence of the Charleston Mercury.
Washington. Jan. 29, 1842.
The Senate, was not in session to day—
The Hon. Nathan F. Uitton, a Senator from
Rhode Island, died of abcess this morning.
In the House of Representatives, Mr. Fill
more appealed to Mr. Adams to yie!d the floor
for the purpose of moving to take up the
Treasury note bill, the prompt passage of
which was imperiously demanded by the-
condition of the Treasury. The bill having
been taken np, Mr. Sprigg (Whig) of Ken
tucky, addressed the House for nearly two
hours in opposition to the bill, and the whole
financial policy of the Administration, con
trasting it with Unit of Mr. Van Btiren, and
declaring in his opinion the latter was far the
less objectionable, though the Whigs had come
into power on its alleged abuses. In the
course of his remarks he alluded to the crying
undervalue the constitution. Nor would we, scene between his colleague, Mr. Underwood,
in all cases, confine ourselves to a literal inter- and trie Abolitionist, Giddings, of Ohio, and
the declaration of the latter, that his people
pretation of its character. We are bound to
understand, so far as we may, and adopt as a
rule of action, the intention of its framers: pro
vided, that such intention, or an express dec
laration even, is uot opposed to a fundamen-
tal'doctrinc of our government, to the peculiar
genius of our institutions. That the right to
instruct a representative, while it is his duty
to obey, is both fundamental, and agreeable to
commom sense, seems as clear to our minds
ns tho truth ot any other proposition ; so that
any real or supposed inteition, conflicting
with this natural as well as republican right,
is not to be regarded.
Ours is emphatically a free government; a
government by the people. It is a democratic
government. Yet it is sometimes said to be
a representative government in contradistinc
tion to democratic. But is this so ? Does
the democracy involve a principle? Nay,
is it not a principle itself? Is represen
tation a principle? Is it not, rather, a meas
ure of expediency? a convenient mode of
carrying out the idea of democracy ? Not on
ly is it a measure of expediency in reference
to the choice of Representatives, but, also, to
the time for which they are chosen ; nor does
the adoption of the measure in the least affect
thcTiriuciple of democracy. Democracy is the
government where the sovereign power is lod
ged with the whole people ; monarchy, where
it is lodged in the few. The friends of mon
archy have ever contended that the few better
understand the wants of the whole people than
the many; hence their denial of the right of
instruction.
If we confine ourselves to the legitimate use
of the term representative, it would seem su
perfluous to argue the point at all *, but since
it has acquired, botli in theory and practice, a
technical use different lrom its literal meaning,
it inay bo well briefly to examine it. What,
then, is a representative ? It is not the origin
al object; for that represents nothing, it being
itself and nothing else. But it is that which
represents another object, and it is the more
truly entitled to that appellation as it more
clearly reflects the image of another. Ur, to
illustrate by a person : a representative is an
agent, or deputy, whose duty it is to carry out
the wishes, to fulfil the desires of his employ -
ei; and so far as lie regards those wishes and
idea, which is but too cominon^filft Tillage?®
is r.ot responsible to him for whom he nets, if
it be possible in principle, to distinguish be
tween the two ; and how strange the excuse,
that, being belter qualified than his employer
• to judge of a given course, he will pursue that
course contrary to his express directions
•There is, indeed, much philosophy iu the
homely mnxim; “I must obey orders, if I
break owners.” So of a representative in Con
gress. He is chosen to do for his constituents
what they cannot conveniently do for them
selves, and so far as he understands their wish
es, he ought strictly to comply with them.
He should have no will of his own which is
independent of that of his constituents; ns,
the very moment he has, if expressed in action,
he ceases to be a representative. If he cannot
conscientiously obey, he is bound at once to
resign.
It is objected, that this makes him a mere au
tomaton. Not at all. He docs not profess to
Act for himself, but for others; and, so long
as he acts conscientiously, he cannot be regar
ded'as an automaton. It is also objected,That
the admission of the right of instruction would
tend to confusion. So it might, occasionally.
There is no good unmixed with possible evil.
But would it be likely to ? What is the his
tory of parties? Is there, o"ljnarily, a decided
change within the period composing the legis
lative term of a representative, or even that
of a Senator ? It not, a Representative is not
likely to be instructed; as, holding office at
the will of his party, he generally anticipates
their wishes, and is ever ready to obey their
will; sometimes, even at the hazard ’of the
common good.
It is objected, too, that a representative is
chosen to represent not merely his constitu
ents, but the whole country ; and that, benv
intimately associated with delegates from afl
parts of the latter, he is better qualified than
his immediate constituents can be, to jud^e
what is for the best good of the whole coun
try. This objection is plausible, and seper-
nte from the principle involved, is admissible.
But what does it show ? Not that r xprosonta
non is n principle, and that therefore a repre
sentative is not bound to obey ; but it simply
furnishes an illustration of the expediency of
representation, without in the least aflectiuir
the right of the doctrine of instruction. b
Again, it is objected, that a representative is
selected for his fitness for the station. He
has more wisdom, and better understands the
genius of our institutions, than his constitu
ents. Is not this idea frivolous? He
would not interfere to suppress a servile in
surrection in Kentucky. Was this the prop
er return for the sacrifices made by Kentucky
during the last war, and in the Indian wars
which preceded it, in which she had shed the
blood of her best and bravest in her defence,
whose bones are still whitening on her plains ?
Was non-interference the policy she would
wish Kentucky to be governed by, in case her
territory was again ravaged by the hostile power
adjacent to her frontier? He invited the atten
tion of Mr. Giddings and his constituents to
this view of the subject, that they might see
that their principle of non-interference might
he reciprocated. If the abolitionists were op
posed to taxation for the protection of slavery,
they should not tax the slave-labor of Ken
tucky to build fortifications and light-houses
on the frontiers of Ohio.
At the conclusion of Mr. S.’s remarks a mo
tion was made to lay tlie hill on the table,
which was negatived—ayes 98, noes 101.—
The question was then taken on concurring in
the amendment of the Senate, and the speaker
announced the vote, ayes 100, noes 100. and
he voted in the affirmative. Many of those
who voted for the amendment, will vote to
repeal the authority to negotiate the untnken
portion of the twelve million loan.
Washington, Jan. 31, 1S12.
In the Senate to-day, the Treasury note bill
was signed by the Speaker, and immediately
after, Mr. Simmons, of Rhode Island, announ
ced the death of his colleague, Mr. Dixon, in
very appropriate and affecting language. The
customary Resolutions wete then adopted, and
the Senate adjourned.
In the House of Representatives, Mr. Ctoss
submitted a Resolution calling on the Presi
dent of the United States for the report of the
Commissioners appointed to run the bounda
ry line between the United States and Texas.
Mr. Adams said, ns this Resolution required
unanimous consent, he would agree to it, pro
vided the House would adopt his three Reso
lutions calling on the Departments for infor
mation to be used in his defence ; which was
not agreed to.
A message was then received from the Sen
ate announcing the death of Mr. Dixon, when,
after some remarks from Mr. Tillinghast, the
House nHionrneil.
” ashington, Feb. 2.1812.
Senate. The President pro tern, submitted
a communication from ihe President of the
United States transmitting the operations of
the Mint and its branches during the past year
of which the following is an abstract: ’
Number of pieces, and value thereof, coined
at the Mint and its branches from the 1st of
January, 1840, to the 3lsl of Decern. :r, 1842.
GOLD.
Mint at . Pieces
Philadelphia 78,961
New Orleans 19,030
Charlotte, N.C 31,749
Dahloncga. Ga. 34,659
SILVER.
Value Pieces Value
$710,475 3,375.500 $577,750
85,200 3.675,500 555,000
133,037*
If2.885*
163,601 1,091.59*4 7.051,000 t, 132,750
At the Philadelphia Mint 1,597,3G7 copper
cents were coined.
The total amount of coinage, and its value
at the Mint, since its establishment in 1793*
kwi 111 ® b f" nches si . n ? e ,h<?ir establishment in
1833, is 257,864,336 pieces, amountiii" in
value to $86,331,408 76. 3
A great number of memorials remonstrating
against the repeal, postponement or amend
meiit of the Bankrupt Law were presented,
and as the question of postponement is still
pending, they were referred to the Committee
on the Judiciary.
s P ecial order vas ,hen ,ake » np,being
Mr. Clays resolutions to amend the Constitu
tion. Mr. Buchanan, who was entitled to the
floor, made a most masterly argument in de
fence ot the veto power, which was the prin
cipal object of Mr. Clay’s assault.
Mr. Archer then obtained the floor, and the
Senate adjourned.
In the House of Representatives another at
tempt was made to lay Mr. Adams’ case on
the table, but failed; aves 89, noes 112. The
resolutions he submitted, calling on the Presi
dent for certain documents, which he said
were necessary to his defence were therftaken
up, and that one calling for the proceedings of
the Court Martial in the case of Captain Bol
ton, and the causes which lead to the return
of the Brandywine, was adopted. That call
ing for the ordiuance-of South Carolina, in
the case of free negroes visiting the ports of
the State, was also adopted after some remarks
in opposition to it by Mr. Holmes.
n r f;T lu,ion ca »ing <or information from
the President whether lie had authorised Mr
Wise to make certain statements in relation to
federalism on the floor, coming up, Mr. Wise
moved to amend it by adding “nnd to furnish
such information as is contained in the De-
Preston, Barrow, Bayard, Allen, King aid
Berrien. Mr. Beutou said he wished to qffcr
a resolution, but before doing so, lie wishtd io
make a few remarks which would be based 111
a paper which he had before him, and wfti^h
he would read to the Senate. He tfienread-a
check which the Secretary of the Senate' Hid
drawn upon the Bank ot Washington, ip, hi?
favor on account of compensation fordiivser—
vices as Senator, for one hundred nnd forty-
two dollars. This the bank offered to pay not
in specie but in Treasury notes. -: These were
refused, and Mr. B. had the draft protested,and
he nlso rend the protest to the Senate. He
had taken this course, he said, not out of fac
tious opposition to the Government, but to re
sist the illegal and tyrannous attempt to force
paper money on the people of this country,
and to compel them to lend money to the Gov
ernment, when they had it not to spare. This
was the result of the Whig measures of relief
it. the first ten months of their administration,
and whether it iesulted from the weakness or
wickedness of those iu power, he would Assist
it. lie then offered a resolution directing the
Committee on Finance to inquire into the kind
of funds used in payniiatit by the Government
to its creditors.
Mr. Mangum rose and again protested
against being held responsible for the weak
ness, the wickedness or the treachery of N the
Administration. JVIuch of the aberration of
the President from the path of duty was attri
butable to Ihe seductions of the gentlemen on
the opposite side, and he would be glad ifthey
took him to themselves altogether. The reso
lution was laid over until to-morrow.
A bill was then taken up to enable the clai
mams to land in Louisiana, Arkansas and Mis
souri to try the validity of their titles iu the
District Courts of those Slates. This was de
bated at great length, and with much earnest
ness by Messrs. Moutnn, Barrow, Linn and
Henderson in favor of the bill, and Messrs.
Benton, Bayard and Walker in opposition to
it, when without taking a vote upon it, the bill
was laid upon the table.
Mr. Benton then gave notice that on Mon
day next, he would rail up his bill for the
postponement of the Bankrupt Inw.
The Senate adjourned until Monday.
House of Representatives. As soon as the
journal was read, Mr. Adams resumed his re
marks, and reiterated a charge that he made
yesterday, that Ins colleague, Mr. Ctisfiitrg,.hnd
been tampered with by Mr. Gilmer, for the
purpose of removing him (Mr. A.) from the sit
uation of Chairman of the Committee on For
eign Relations. Mr. Gilmer denied the charge
iu all its parts, and appealed to Mr. Cushing to
say whether the charge was true or false. Mr. C.
most emphatically denied the truth of the state
ment made by bis collcngue. Mr. Adams said
ifit was not Mr. Gilmer who had tampered
with his colleague, somebody else had. Mr.
Rliett said that without recognising the right
of the gentleman to repeat what had occurred
in the private conversation of members, he
would state that an passing the seal of the gen
tleman’s colleague iu referring to what had
passed in the Committee room, he said lie sup
posed they would have tochoose another Chair
man, and as he (Mr. Cushing) was the second
on-the list, he would l>e the successor. That
gentleman replied Hint he neither could or
would consent to act as Chairman. For his
own part, said Mr. R., he would much prefer
•>'- vnriaii tft «!*%»
cumbenf, and if it was submitted to ihcComit-
tee he should vote for him as much belterqual-
ified.
Mr. Adams then proceeded with his remarks
in what lie calls his defence, which consists in
an effort to prove the existence of a conspira
cy on the part of the Southern nnd Nortliern
Democrats to crush him on a charge of trea
son nnd perjury, without permitting him to
have a legal trial. The absurdity of this ef
fort is only equalled by the ingenuity with
which he distorts facts and tortures them into
his service. At the conclusion of his remarks
this evening, he intimated that his speech
would last several days.
The House adjourned at 3 o’clock.
GSIERAL INTELLIGENCE.
indeed, be better qualified than any other"*™- of S 4 taf ® of information givenTy
cl© individual for Hicp'nnfrvA l.*_l • Adams to President Jefferson roUtinn
gle individual for the discharge of the high
trust committed to him; but that his wisdom
excels the combined wisdom of his constitu
ents, is paying but a poor compliment to the
intelligence of this nation, and, were it true
would itself furnish evidence of the entire in!
compatibility of our form of government with
such deplorable ignorance of the people.
Important Treaty.
/A London paper informs us that the repre
sentatives of France, Austria, Prussia and Rtis-
sia, have signed a treaty with Great Britain,
ti^wliich the four Foreign Powers agreed
tq adopt the .English laws against the slave
trade. . Those laws declare the actual engage
ment in the trade to be piracy, and the tm-
Barking of; capita! 1 in it to be felony. All the
JWW, teg*?#!?., grant. to esch other Ui
President Jefferson, relative to
FederaHs.? b n^ eS,gnS ° f the New England
but the i t‘ S S6t r ery bod y laughing
bn the Hon Johnny 14. who professed his
rnll'nfh lSS '° VO,C f ? r ,he resolution upon
any other occasion than the present The
amendment was then withdrawn, and the
The closing scene of Colt’s Trial—Tlie
Verdict.
The closing scene of this extraordinary dra
ma, exceeded in interest every other act’of it.
The Jury went about six at night: and re-
maiued out ten hours. During that time a
large mob collected around the City Hall, and
knots and groups of persons assembled all
about the Park, discussing the piobable ver
dict, and all the facts in tlie case. Hour after
hour passed by, and the interest increased.—
411 sorts of rumors were afloat as to the posi
tion of the Jurors, and the scenes in the Jury
Room. The officers listened at the key-hole
and reported progress, and it spread like wild
fire through ihe crowd, that the Jury stood
seven for murder, tlnec for manslaughter, and
two for excusable homicide. Tlien^after dis
cussing it an hour, they stood seven for mur
der, and five for manslaughter. Then they
discussed it another hour, they stood -ten to
two; and there they seemed likely to stand.
T here were, in short, nil sorts of rumors about
tafn™ 1 * the ^' 1ry ^00m, bUt no,hin U cer *
In the mean time the Judge had returned,
waited till midnight, and then'gone back home.
Groups of anxious persons lingered about tlie
Court room, ^he prisoner tired nnd worn
out, gave way to the impulses nf nature, laid
down on a bench, threw a handkerchief over
his face, and slept soundly while the Jury were
decidiuor the fate of his existence. The time
—the place—the circumstances-the solemn
stillness of the night, all combined to form a
scene not easily forgotten.
At last when the verdict was agreed upon
—the Judge was sent for, and it was soon
whispered about that it was fatal. The pris
oner was awoke, and his countenance fell.—
1 IG i, . d ^ e nnd Jll, T al Inst faced each other
lor the last time—tlie prisoner was told to look
on the Jury, and when to the words “How
say you gentlemen ?” of the Clerk, the words
“Guilty of Murder” fell frrna the lips of the
of his arrest till this hour; and had the ver
dict not been “ murder” we don’t kuow what
would havc.becn the consequence. The pub
lic have been cheated so alien, that Colt has
to suffer for the sins of Ezra White, RobinstJTi,
and all who have ^escaped for the last ten
years. It is a very unjust thing. But so it is.
We shall see what to-dfav Avill bring forth.—
R. Y. Herald. '
Tbe Case of Colt.
The New York Couriersays, “ In the Court
of Oyer and Terminer, John A. Morrill, Esq.
one of the.Qounsel for John C. Colt, applied
for arrest of Judgment for one month in order
to prepare a bill of exceptions for the purpose
of carrying the cause before the Supreme
Court on writ of Error. The Court allowed
two weeks time for that purpose.”
A man missing.
There has been no small amount, of gossip
about here for sometime past, concerning the
fate of a gentleman who arrived here two or
three days before Christmas. He put up at
the Washington Hall, and registered himself
as “ C. Gildon, Tarvcrsville." He appeared
to be a man of some consequence; had busi
ness with the Banks, &c., from which lie drew
4 or $5,000 in specie funds; and suddenly dis
appeared—leaving his horse, saddle bags,«fcc.,
at the tavern.
He did not return home, nor has he been
since heard of. It was reported, a day or two
since, that his body had been found, horribly
cut and mangled, two or three miles up the
river—but the report was untrue. VVe, think,
as depraved as the age is, a man could hardly
be murdered in Macon, for his money, with
out leaving some trace of the foul crime
The probability is, he has taken it into liis head
to return home by way of Texas, and mav not
be heard of for some months to come Tel.
[The Savannah Georgian thinks the above
calculated to make an erroneous impression
It says oj Mr. Gtldon, that every one of his
movements of which his friends have been np
prized up to tlie time last heard of, indicated
an intention to return to his business in Tar
versville, which was properous.
His friends here have not the slightest
doubt but that he was murdered and robbed
of his money; and they are confirmed in this
opinion from his known character, and the
situation of his business when he disappeared.]
From the Rational Intelligencer.
Latest from Philadelphia.
We learn by the Philadelphia papers of yes
terday, that all the Banks of the City and
County of Philadelphia (except tlie Bank of
Pennsylvania, the Northern Liberties, the
Movamensing, and the Kensington) assem
bled by delegates on Saturday evening, nnd,
after having been properly organized, agreed
upon an arrangement to the following effect,
subject to the decision ofthe respective Boards
at special meetings to be held on Monday
morning:
1. The Banks to issue their own notes ex
clusively, of tlie denomination of $20 and up
wards.
2. The batiks to make daily exchanges
with each other.
3. Balances to be settled weekly or ofiener,
at the option of the creditor bank; to be paid in
specie, or, up to the 1st of March, in commercial
bills not having more than forty-fivedays to rnn:
nnci «tic loturiuNicii, riot exceeumg thirty days
to run ; to be approved by the creditor bank, and
guarantied by the debtor bank.
4. A safety fund is also to be created, thus :
The Banks of largest capital are to deposite
$100,000 each, and those of a smaller capital
$50,000 each, in the hands of trustees ; each
bank to choose one trustee, nnd the whole to
forma Board. The above sums to be in spe
cie, Treasury notes, or equally satisfactory se
curity. On tlie default of any bank, the trus
tees have power to convert thesecurity to such
an extent as to pay the defalcation, and the
defaulting bank to be thereafter excluded from
the arrangement.
5. To resume specie payments on the 1st of
August.
It was supposed that the arrangement em
braced in the above outline, and which was
unanimously adopted by the Ba :ks represent
ed, would, if ratified ana carried into execu
tion, allay the excitement originating in re
cent occurrences, and iu some measure restore
confidence in the stability of tlai Banks which
have thus united together for the purpose of
sustaining each other. Of course, we have
learnt nothing yet of what transpired in Phila
delphia yesterday.
dared and paid, each of 4 per cent, amount.ng
to $144,UUU.
The Boston and Worcester Rail Road Di
rectors have changed their financial year, so
that it may end in future on the 30tbofNovein-
ber, that ttieserui-annual dividends may be made
payable on the 1st of January and July. The
recounts ofthe lust year therefore, embrace but
11 months.
The amount of capital stock paid in is $2,-
300,UOl). The amount expended on account
of construction, including.cost oi road, land,
depots and buildings, engines and cars, andall
other property to the 30th of November, is $2,-
374,547; of which $379 570 have been ex
pended within the last- year for land, depot
buildings, second track, &c. Amount of fund
reserved heretofore from income, for decay of
road and material, $50,000.
Amount of receipts in eleven months to Nov.
30, from passengers, $178,S76 ; freights,
$104,466: mail, rents. &c. $10,809—total,
$294,052, surplus undivided Dec. 31, 1S40,
$13,731 62.
Current expenditures in the same eleven
months for repairs of engines, cars, including
$9,900 from reserved fund for new cars in
place of old, $25,286; repairs of road, $31,
811; fuel, oil, salaries, wages, loading, etc.
$95,509—total $152,606.
Dividends of profits for five months, 3 per
cent, on $2,000,000, $604100; for six months,
4 per cent, on $2,300,000, $92,000—total,
$152,000.
The amount of receipts for the year ending
Dec. 31, 1841, was $310,807, viz: from pas
sengers, $190,097; lrom freight, $110,001,
mail, rents, <kc. $10,709. Estimated expen
diture. including amount from reserved fund.
$162,99S.
ATHENS, GEORGIA.
concluded Ins remarks, and Mr. Gilmer hav-
,n 'L° l b,a ' ned ,lie floor » 'he House adjourned.
Mr T IViMW ™ f t TuT aW h ” d n narrow escape.
Mr. Wilhnms of Maine, voted against its re-
peal on Friday, under the instructions of the
las. Legislature. On Saturday an antheutica
led copy arrived ofthe resolutions ofthe pres
ent Legislature tescinding the instructing res
olutions ofthe former. **
„ ' ' Washington, Feb. 4, 1842.
isenate. Remonstrances against the repeal
postponement, or amendment of the Bankrnnr
low were presented by Messrs. TalimadgV
olution was laid on the table. "’Mr."!^, r ^!!!? n i»^ 0 l t , a ^!* red . bor re rs,r, ckeii. His
counse 1 , Mr. Morrill, ordered the Jury polled,
" d ns answered, one or two hurst into
n hL m Pr, r. 0n . er s henrt aIra °st died with-
n him. Morrill then applied to the Coqrt for
time to present their exceptions, nnd the Court
to recctjhts morning at ten o’tffeck.’to
hear them. Colt was then.Temoved to~pns-'
on. r
. comes, then, the most exciting "part of
hedfama; will he he hung—or will 0 new
trial be granted? Will the Governortinre to
pardon him? We think not. The verdict
. to general satisfaction. The-pub-
he have had their eye on Colt from tfte tyfce
Commercial Bank at Macau.
The annual convention ot the Stockholders
of this institution takes place on Monday next.
We understand it is their determination to
wind up the concern. As it has been of little
benefit to the stockholders or the public for
some time past, we presume there will be no
objection to this course.—Macon Messenger.
From the Boston Advertiser.
Massachusetts Bail Roads.
The success of the rail roads in this Stale,
which have been iu complete operation the
last year, have fully justified the expectations
of those who are interested in them. The ag
gregate of income has exceeded that of any for
mer year.
The Boston and Lowell Rail Road has
been completed within the last year, by the
laying down of the residue of the second track,
whfcli is now opened through its whole length.
The rails originally laid down on the first
track, weighing 36 lbs to the yard, have been
taken tip from seven miles of the road, it being
found by experience to lie too light, and a rail
weighing 56 lbs. to a yard, corresponding with
that ot the second track, has been substituted.
The amount of capital stock of this road,
paid in, is $1,800,000. The whole amount
expended on account of construction, to the
30th of November last, is $1,834,893, of which
amount, $105,650 have been expended within
the last year.
The current expenses of the last year
amounted to $119,469, of which $33,193 are
expended for repairs of road arid bridges, in
cluding $14,638 for laying down the heavy
rail on 7 miles of the road; $22,644 for
repairs of engines and cars; nnd $63,632 for
fiiej, oil, salaries, wa 6 es, loading merchandize,
&c.
vTlie receipts oT4ncome for the year amoun
ted Ui $267,541, viz: from passengers convey
ed in cars of the Lowell road, $92,876; for
freight in cars of the road, $90,229 ; mail,
rents, <fec. $1,897; passengers in cars of the
Nashua road, $34,507;. freight in cars of the
Na8huR;road, $23,544; passengers in cars of
*he Boston and Maine road, $18,570; freight
tin dkfc &5,917V: ; /. •
Tw6" senii anriii'al dividends have been 4c-
Neiv York.
The Albany correspondent of the N. Y.
Journal of Commerce says:—
'I’lie reports of the Canal and Bank Com
missioners were yesterday presented. The to
tal amount of contracts on all the canals, for
work finished and unfinished, is $20,126,878,
on which there has been paid up to Jan. 1842,
$15,624,267, leaving a balance of$5,102,621.
Of this balance the work done is $478,236,
nnd the work yet to be done, $1,624,385.—
The total amount of all contracts for enlarg
ing tho Erie Canal is $13,769,550, of which
was made by the former Commissioners, $12.-
6SS,513, by the present, $1,081,037. Ofthe
whole sum, $8,686,342 have been paid since
October, 183S, and before that time only $1,
8S4.537, leaving a balance unpaid of $3,198,-
769. The number of boats which have pas
sed the lock near Schenectady during the past
year was 30,320, being 3,331 more than any
other year. The tolls during the last season
were, as has been stated before, $2,034,882.
The aggregate amount of loans, discounts,
specie circulation nnd deposites ofall the char
tered hanks in the State, is $81,390,403: of
the free banks under the General Banking
Law, 43 in number, the amount is, $12,983,
712. The aggregate amount ot the banks, in
the city of New York and Brooklyn, including
as above (25 in number) $55,3S4,831, ot
which $4,395,069 is specie. This report,
however, only comes down to the 1st inst. and
since that time there has been considerable in
crease in the amount of specie in that city.—
The amount of funds on deposite in Albany
Xmir York in the credit of the country
banks is $3,427,512.
The Croton Water Works.
It appears from the Report of the Water
Commissioners that the expenditures on the
Croton Aqueduct during the past year have
been $1,118,S43 44. The total amount ex
pended thus far is $7,107,463 OS. The sum
yet required to complete the work to Murray
Hill is estimated at $1,528,89455.
The commissioners state that, with the ex
ception of the dam, the work is completed to
the contemplated gate house at the Harlem
river. The dam, however, can be made to
throw the water required into the aqueduct
early the ensuing summer.
The piers of the Harlem Aqueduct bridge
are some of them raised above high water, oth-
ersready forthe masonry. Til** amount paid on
this bridge from the beginning to the first of the
present month is $210,U00. Theexpenseofsin-
king the remaining piers and driving the piles
mainly necessary lor the proposed temporary
bringing the water across the river, nnd the
expense of laying the pipes for that purpose,
will amount to $116,558. The Commission
ers express the opinion that the water may be
discharged at Murray Hill by the 4th of July
next.—N. Y. Express.
Seventeen Days Later from Canton.
The Canton ship Probus, Copt.Sumner, ar
rived at New York on the 3rd, with seventeen
days later intelligence from China, having
sailed on the 4"h of October from Macao.
Wc are indebted to the New York Herald
for an extra containing the annexed intelli
gence.
There is something strnnga in the follow
ing paragraph, which we doubt not will be ful
ly explained :
“Captain Sumner refused to give our news
collector any news, or papers, or intelligence
of any kind, on the ground that be was sworn
to conceal every kind of news till the con
signees had it in hand fiist. Of course, we
can give nothing further iit this slip, but shall
try to get something more to night.”
Canton remained undisturbed—the Chi
nese repairing the fortifications.
Canton, Oct. 1, 1841.
A circular was received at Macao on the
lBtli of September, from Sir Henry Pottinger,
dated at Amoy, 20lh September, confirming
the account ofthe capture of that place by the
British, in four hours, with-very little loss
and with little fighting.
It was intended to leave a few ships and
some troops to garrison Amoy, and Sir Henry
has started to the north to attack Ning-poo
and Chusan, which places will be easily
taken. *
Owing to the late period of the season, it is
not supposed that any thing important will
be done this winter, and that Sir Henry will
ere long return to Atnoy.
There is, however, no prospect of any set
tlement of these difficulties. The Emperor
is ns much averse to a settlement «ts lic'e ver was.
Trnda is in a state of great depression, par
ticularly as regards imports. The market is
entirely clear of last year’s tens, and therefore
the prices named are merely nominal. The
new Cnngoes have just began, to come in’*but
no settled prices have yet been placed upon
them.
Commodore Nays has threatened to blow
up all the fortifications, &c. of Canton, on ac
count of.the Chinese sinking several vessels
with stores in the channel of (he river.
^ ^*rt)AY, FEBRUARY II, 1842.
removal.
The Office of the Banner has been removed to the
new wood building a few yards wc: t ofthe Post-Office
on the principal thoroughfare thr n.gh town ; where or-
adccrt ' s ‘ n S or new subscr.ptions
will be thankfully received; and receipts Jor dues already
incurred by our various patrons, made out and signed
at short notice. 6
Small Pox in MUledzeviUe.
Some alarm lias keen caused iu Milledceville anJ
its neighborhood, by the appearance of small pox
that city. \\ e learn, however, from ihe Journafof l Mt
Tuesday, that only three cases existed—a neero Uft
man and her two children-and that they w»rc at !
hospital provided by the public autl.ont.es T !
measures taken to prevent the spreading of the' conu
gmn, we trus: will have the effect .0 stop its progre«.
“ A f ric " ItBra l Society of tlie United States.”
..." ® haVe secn a circular which has been sent from
Washington city to the various Post-Masters con
taming the constitution of a new Associate,, esmbltsh-
ed at tlie seat ot Government, and called - The Anri
cultural Society of the United States ” l: s objec f js *
"to improve the condition of American husbandry!
and, from its central position, to serve as a medium of
communication and of action, with other Agricultural
Societies throughout the Fnion.” The constitution
provides that the affairs of ihe Society shall be con
ducted by a Board of Control, to bo elected annually
in May, who shall use means to have large exhibi-
tions, at each annual meeting, of improved stocks ofall
kinds, agricultural implements and machinery re
public inspection to establish an agricultural school
and an experimental farm, and invite some suitable
person to publish an agricultural paper in the district
of Columbia,&c. &c. The price of membership i s
$■3,00 on signing the constitution, and Si annually
thereafter. Some of the most prominent members of
Congress constitute the Board oi Control.
If the scheme should be found practicable vast benefit
might result from this association. A knowledge of
the improvements ofthe whole country might be con
centrated at Washington, and, through its anuual re
ports, and the proposed paper, be disseminated every
where. Every thing depends upon the whole coun
try uniting in it, and then upon its judicious manage
ment. If Agricultural societies could be formed in
different sections of every stale, Lcccnimg auxiliary
to the National Institution, the object ot receiving
and disseminating iutbrmaiion might be accomplish
ed 111 an easy manner, and much light thrown upon
the science of agriculture. The plan is certainly
worth consideration.
Land Distribution.
The Secretary of the Treasury has furnished Con-
gress with a table, snowing how much would have
been the distiibutive sliaie of each State and Territo
ry, for IS41, if the Land Distribution Law ot the extra
session had been in operation last tear. The amount
coming to Georgia would have beet., Ca—an
amount too small 10 be of much benefit to us, and vet,
added to the gross amount to bo distributed in all the
.'states and Territories, sufficient to pay off at least a
moiety of the debts contracted by this most reform-
loving and economical administration. It is not proba
ble that the receipts for the present year will exceed
those of 1841 ; what a great sum, then, Georgia would
have lost by refusing to have any thing to do with the
ill-gotten plunder'.
1 he table will be interesting to our readers, not on
ly for the information it furuish.es on this subject, but
for the columns giving the population of the several
States, &c. and we accordingly annex it.
c C
£
i
||
r~ 3
£ ®
Z .-
Z 2 .
C
T * - ~ = I
Maine,
500,439
£13
501,251
625,566 42
N. Hamp.
•£4,036
322 4-5
284,1."S 4-5
11,513 13
Mass.
TCJ.OIJU
5,201 2 5
734,231 2-5
37,478 94
I!. Island.
105,58?
i ,y 4 5 4 5
107,532 4-5
5,489 03
Conn.
301,8:6
4,>;73 1'
306,729 1-5
15,657 03
Vermont,
291 v 5ilfr
438
SOI 6.'6
14.667 62
New Y. rk.
ivn 8,890
30.018 3-5
2,108.908 3-5
1*22.963 04
X. Jersev,
351,58s
13,030 4-5
364.618 4-5
16,612 01
Peim’a.
i,6:6 t u:>
2-750 4 5
1.704.865 4-5
67.025 09
1)c*1l A-are,
11.714 2-5
3,587 22
Maryland,
.117.7)-,
90.B09
406.6.6
20.859 37
Virsiuin.
740,85b
299,163 2-5
1,040,221 2-5
53.098 21
N. Carolina,
484,870
161,129 S-5
6 45.999 2-5
32.975 )-*
S. Carolina,
2.W.064
201/1.6 s-r
460,272 2 5
23,494 66
Ceoreia,
■107.69.-)
170,218 1-5
577,013 15
1-9,499 65
Alabama,
335,185
151,142 3-5
486.527 3-5
24,936 95
Mississippi.
1 4
117,946 1-5
297,OvO 1-5
15,161 44
Louisiana,
158.457
116,372 2-5
274,829 2-5]
14,028 70
Tennessee,
640.6*271
113,149 4-5
753,776 4-5j
38,470 63
Keanu-kv.
500,253
113,*4 45
703,998
35,«*:i5 67
Ohio,
1,50*2,122
10,407
1,512,529
77,207 23
Indiana,
678,698
4.300 4-5
682,998 4 5
34,663 76
Illinois
472,254
2,357 2-5
474.611 2-5
24,226 60
Missouri,
323,888
35,888 2-5
359,776 2.5
18,361 63
Arkansas,
12,240
89,414
4,564 15
Michigan,
211,160
424 1-5
211.984 1-5
10.620 76
Florida T.
27,!»43
15,920 2-f.
43.863 2-5
2,239 01
Wiskonsin T.
30,74!)
117 35
30,-66 3-5
1,575 59
Iowa T.
42,924
112 4 5
43,036 4-5
2.196 82
Dist,of Col.
30,657
7,833 1-:.
38,490 1-5
1,964 73
Totals,
14,199.108
1,724,075
13,913.183
6812.290 43
The distributive share per head of the total Federal liepresen-
talive population of ihe Fnion is. five cents one mill and one
twenty-second part of n mill, very nearly.
The Secretary of the Navy :»nd Mr. Rotts.
‘The Union of tlie Whigs for the sake ofthe Union,”
il not already dissolved, is at least in a fair w av of be
coming so. It is no longer “ Tippecanoe and Tyler
too t ie real hard cider heroes, the Federal Bank
men, ennnot get along with the Tyler abstractionists;
and the growing disappointment and distrust between
the two factions, is ever and anon manifesting itself,
in discussions relative ! j men as well as measures.
All who have read the proceedings of Congress du
ring the present session, have learned this fact, if they
had not seen indications of it before ; and are no doubt
prepared to expect ere long, such bitter hostilities
among the different members of the party, as shall
work its entire dissolution. This result is inevitable.
Bound by no common principle—associated at first
only to put down Mr. Van Burcn, and urged onward
to union and exertion only to gratify their insatiable
thirst for the “spoils,” it would be unreasonable to
suppose they could long harmonise ; and were it not
that the seeds ol discord, early sown, were already
springing up and producing their legitimate fruit, it
would have required no prophet to foretel that tiieso
things would shortly come to pass.
The last difficulty which has occurred, is between
Judge Upshur, Secretary of the Navy, and Mr. Bolts,
of notorious memory. This has grown out of the
discussion upon Mr. Marshall's resolutions to censure
Mr. Adams for presenting a petition praying for a
dissolution of the Union. Mr. Bolts is reported to
have remarked, among other things, as follows :
“ Talk about censuring the gentleman from Massa
chusetts ! Look at the other end of this avenue.
There they found a man standing at the head ol tit®
right arm of the defence of this nation—he meant tlie
Secretary of the Navy—who, the Inst time he had a
conveisation with him on the subject, was an open,
avowed, undisguised advocate of tlie dissolution of me
Union.”
To this state.nent Mr. Wise offered his unqualified
denial. Some words passed between the gentlemer,
and on-tbe nextday Mr. Wise addressed a notc-totbi