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BY ALBON CHASE.
ATHENS, GEORGIA, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 1842.
TIIE SOUTHERN BANNER,
I* published in Athens, Ga. n few yards west
of the Post-OJGcc, every Friday morning.
TERM.-'.—'Three dollars peryear, payable in advance, or
Knur dollar* at the end nl’the year. j.
Anv subscriber failing to give notice of hi* de*ire to discon
tinue^!»is subscription at the expiration of tne lime for which
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paid.
brow. Advertisements inserted at tht usual rates.
3 J- Announcing candidates for ofliee, Five Dollars, paya
ble /» adr.mcr. . ~
X T Husbands advertising theit wives, will lit: charged 6a
jo be paid invariably in advance. •
Ollier Advertisements, $1 (>0 for every twelve lines of small
type, for sp tee e piivalcm,) first insertion,ami eO cents foreacb
richly continuance. If published every other week. 62} cents,
and monthly. 7"> rents for each continuance. Special contracts
may be in tde for advertising !>v the year.
Advertisement* should always nave tits dished number
of insertions marked niton them when lianjt d in. or otherwise
they will he published till forbid and charged accordingly.
.CP AM bettor* lit the Editor <>» matters t onnyetedwith the
estal lishmenl. must be ;>o*t paid in order to secure attention.
ADMINISTRATORS’ SALES, Ac.
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
A GREEABLY to an order of the Inferior court
of Gwinnett county, when silting for Ordinary
purposes, will be sold before ibe ccurt-house door
ir. said county, on tbe first Tuesday in January
next, within the legal hours of sale, the following
property, to wit: lot of land No. 3, in the 6th dist.
of Gwinnett, containing *250 acres, more or less,
and lot No. 2, in the same dist. containing 250
acres, more or less, the North West part of lot No.
320 originally in the 4th dist. Walton, now the Cth
of Gwinnett, containing 150 acres, more or !e»s,
the west part of lot No. 14, in lie Cth dist. of
Gwinnett, containing 173 acres, more or less, lot
No. 337, originally in the 4ih dist. of Walton, now
the fith of Gwinnett,' 200 acres oflct No. 13, in the
6th dist. of Gwinnett, and lot No. 12. in the 6th
dist. of Gwinnett, and at the same lime and place
will he sold seventeen likely negroes, consisting of
men and women, and boys and girls, all belonging
to the estate of George A. Gordon , deceased, and
sold for the benefit of his heirs and creditors
Terms made known on the day of s ale.
THOMAS B. GORDON,
Adin'r, with the will annexed.
Nov. 4—31—tds.
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
A GREEABLY to an order of the Honorable
Inferior court of Jackson county, when sit
ting for Ordinary purposes, will be sold at the Tate
residence of James B. Dougherty, deceased, in
Jackson county, on Thursday, the 22d day of De
cember next, all the perishable" pryperty of said es :
tate consisting of horses, cattle, hogs, corn, fod
der, a wagon, a cart and steers, house hold and
kitchen furniture, together with all articles, usually
found on a well conducted farm. Sale to continue
from day to day until all is sold. Terms twelve
mouths credit. Also, the hiring of the negroes of
said estate, and renting of the plantation, on the
31st December, at the same place.
osborn McGinnis,
Adm'r. de bonis non.
Nov. 11—35—tds.
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
4*GREEABLY to an order of the court ofOrdi-
f\. nary of Oglethorpe county, will be sold at the
'■ouri-house in Lexington, on the first Tuesday in
January next, four negroes, (one negro man about
10 years of age, two boys about 16, and one girl 8
or 10 years old.) belonging to the estate of Henry
Spratling, late of said county, deceased. Terms
made known on the day of sale.
JOHNSON SPRATLING, Adm’r.
Oct. 28—33—tds.
GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE.
EXECUTOR’S SALE.
A GREEABLY to the last will and testament of
xV Caroline Barnett, deceased, will be sold to
the highest bidder, at Watkinsvillc, onTucsday the
6th day of December next, seven likely Negroes,
three men, two women and two children. Terms
on the day of sale.
THOMAS H. YOUNG, f , .
E. BROWN, f * Aec rs "
Sept. 23—29—tds.
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
W ILL be sold on the fiist Tuesday in January-
next, in Monroe, Walton county, under an
order of the court of Ordinary of said county, one
negro man, Dave, 20 years old ; one boy Frank, 11;
two other negroes about 10 years old, (names not
recollected.) Sold as the property of Col. George
Park, deceased. Terms made known on the day
I of sale. R. M. ECHOLS, Adin'r t/e bonis non.
EXECUTORS’ SALE.
W ILL be soltl at the court-house in Gwinnett
county, on the first Tuesday in January
next, the following valuable lots of land all lying
.n said county, viz : No. 210, in the 5th district;
No. 211, in the 5th district; No. 304, in the 5ih
district; fraction No. 305. containing 119 acres, in
the 5th district; fraction No. 20, containing 9£
acres, in the 7th district; fraction No. 19, contain
ing Hiri^ acres in the 7th district.
Also, lot of land. No. 209, in the 5th dist., well
improved, a good dwelling house, Gin house, and
oilier necessary buildings for a good farmer, about
100 acres cleared land.
Also will be sold at the plantation of Elisha
Winn, deceased, on Wednesday and Thursday the
4th and 5th days of January next, all of the perso
nal property of said deceased, (not willed and ne
groes excepted.) consisting of horses, mules, three
yoke of oxen, cattle, about 6000 lbs. pork, stock
hogs, sheep, corn, oats and fodder. Farming tools,
3 waggons and 2 carts, household furniture, a quan
tity of lumber, 2 pair millstones and irons, I set
blacksmith tools, one cotton gin, Sic. Ac. Soldas
the property of Elisha Winn, deceased. Terms
’ * - .
R. D. WINN, J Exec rs.
Oct. 28—33—tds.
Nov. 4—31—tds.
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
A GREEABLY to an order of the Honorable the
Inferior court of Jackson county, when sit
ting for Ordinary purposes, will be sold on the first
Tuesday in December next, at the court house in
said county, the plantation whereon William Wer
ner, deceased, formerly resided, lying on the road
from Athens to Jeflurson, containing about 430 acres,
with good improvements. 8old as his property
for the benefit of his heirs and creditors. Terms
male known on the day of sale.
WILLIAM BELL, Adm’r.
Sept. 9—26—tds.
- Executive Department,
Milledgcville, November 8, 1842. $
Fellow Citizens of the Senate,
find of the House of Representatives:
At no period since the organization of the
Slate Government, have the Representatives
of the people convened under responsibili
ties greater than those that now rest upon
you. The embarrassment of the Govern
ment, growing out of the depreciation of the
currency in which the taxes are collected,
will demand your earliest attention, and re
quire from you the adoption of some efficient
measure for the restoration of public confi
dence in the finances of tl\p Slate. The Cen
tral Bank was established “for the purpose
of discounting paper and making loans to
the people, upon terms more advantageous
than had been customary.” Its indebted
ness was limited to the amount of its capital.
Taxes and the State’s Dividends upon Bank
Stock were required lo be paid into it, to fa
cilitate its operations; but these. wort) oub*
ject to lie withdrawn upon legal appropria
tions. Its capital, however, hits been divert
ed from its original object, and, instead of
remaining a permanent fund for the redemp
tion of its liabilities, it has been exhausted,
or nearly so, by Legislative appropriations,
leaving no means for the liquidation of its
notes, but its paper, discounted on longtime,
agreeably to the provisions of its charter.—
It is manifest that the evils which now as
sail this institution, and, through it, aflect
the credit of the State, are the results ofthis
unfortunate policy. Up to the 25th ultimo,
it had paid under requisitions of the Legis
lature, the enormous sum of two millions
VOL. XI—NO. 36.
tnmte drawers in all the Land Lotteries and
in tip Gold Lottery, to'tnke out their grants;’’
and that you limit the time to April next, or
■such other early period as yon nitty consid
er most expedient and just; and that the
lands, then remaining ungranted, be declar
ed reverted to the State, and disposed of in
the manner that such lands have herelotore
been sold. I would, however, recommend
that, when there are two or more applicants
for the stme tract of land, instead of permit
ting it to »>e drawn for amongst the persons
applying,it be exposed at public sale to the
highest bidder, beginning .at the minimum
price fixec by the Legislature lor the time at
which theapplication is made. Lands drawn
by orphans, and persons-supposed lo be labor
ing unde; legal incapacities, ought, for obvi
ous reasons, to be exfcepted froth the opera-
tion'of the act. These suggestions are sub
mitted for your consideration. It is impos
sible for the operations of the Government
to go on, or the honor of the Stale to be sus
tained, without the adoption of some effi
cient remedy for the disorders ol the curren
cy. Any other measure which your wisdom
may suggest as more expedient-and proper,
shall receive iny cordial support. It is man
ifest that some corrective must be applied.—
The Government has ordered the issue of
Central Bank notes to carry out its meas
ures, but it has not provided the means for
their redemption. The consequence is, that
they are at the mercy of the specie-paying
Banks; for when there are two currencies,
one that can command the coins, always
available for the payment of debts, and an
other that cannot, the latter is at the mercy
of the former, and may he pressed down to
any point of depreciation, or forced out of
circulation. This is inevitable. It is in
a currency,
three hundred and eighty-eight thousand . . . , . .
live hundred and forty-nine dollars and fifty j val11 ‘ ia ‘ is said in favor ol
cents. Of this, the sum of one million three ! that ‘he credit of the State is pledged to sits-
hundred and sixtv-lhree thousand six hint-
tain it, unless that credit be made available
when it is needed. The time has arrived
when it must be demonstrated what State
i.ievlit is worth. The oblipjiUiooa of honor
and morality are to be enforced.
dred and forty-nine dollars and forty-six
cents, was paid for works of Internal Im
provement; the balance, amounting to one
million twenty-four thousand nine hundred
dollars and four cents, was paid on ordinary
appropriations, or such as are usually made,
annually, for the support of Government
and other purposes. This has been done
through a series of years, when the taxes
paid by the people were given up wholly, or ,
in part, to the counties, with little profit to i finished to the counties, is now fully expo-
them, tmt with manifest injury to the public sed - Since the establishment of the Cell-
interest. These are the palpable causes of! ,rf d Rank, upwards of nine huudred and
the embarrassment of the Government.— j ciglity-five thousand dollars have been lev-
Thc bills of the Central Bank are, by the!*® 1 and squandered in this way, which
prosecution of the great work he was called,
in part, to superintend. As required by law,
I re-organized the Corps of Engineers at a
greatly diminished expense. At its head I
placed Mr. Charles F. M. Garnett, who, to
scientific attainment, adds much practical
skill, acquired iir his superintendence of a
road in another State. The operations
of the year attest his qualifications. If the
work should be continued through the next
year, the expenses of this service may still
be reduced, as it is probable that the Chief
Engineer, with one assistant, will be compe
tent to superintend the work, carried on, as
it must be, by a diminished number of con
tractors. A difficulty in procuring the
means for the purchase of iron, has preven
ted the completion of the road to the point
contemplated by the Legislature. The con
tract for iron reported by the President of
the Board of Commissioners to the last Leg-’
islature, wholly failed, and the Chief Engi
neer went to New York early in the year for
the purpose of obtaining, in that market; a
quantity sufficient to BnisH tbe road two
miles beyond the Etowah, in compliance
with the expressed will of the Legislature.
He was able to obtain a part only ; a suffi
ciency, however, to lay down thirty-three
miles of the road. It is expected the road
will be completed for that distance during
the month of November. To pay for the
iron, the money received into the Treasury
for reverted lands, was used, under the law
of the last session, appropriating it for the
payment of the public debt. From the de
preciation of the notes of the Central Bank,
in which payments were made into the
Treasury, a loss of eighteen per cent, on
twenty thousand dollars of exchange, pur
chased in Augusta, was sustained f a loss,
lo which it was thought better to submit,
than to forfeit so advantageous a contract
for iron, it having been purchased (or less
than two cents per pound, delivered in Sa
vannah, and insured to Augusta. The bal
ance of the exchange was obtained through
the kind and efficient agency of the Presi
dent of the Georgia Rail Rond and Banking
Before leaving this subject, I will takeoc
casion to remark, that the effects of a partic- j Company, upon a hypothecation of the notes
ular policy cannot, always, be loreseen, and
can be fully known, only, when illustrated
in practice. The error of the practice of
raising taxes from the people, to he relin
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
A GREEABLY to an oroer of ilie Honorable
Inferior Court of Habersham county, when ... ,
sitting for Ordinary purposes, will be sold on die j nineteenth section of its charter, declared to \ ought to have been applied to the support
ADM 1NISTRATOR’S SALE.
A GREEABLY to an order of the Honorable
f\. tbe Inferior court of Walton county, when sit
ting for ordinary purposes, will be: sold on the first
Tuesday in January next," before the court-house
in said county, all the land in said county, belonging
to the estate of Win. B. Beall, deceased, contain
ing 125 acres, more or less, on Jack s creek, ad
joining lands of Richardson, Thomas, and others,
well improved. Terms made known on the day of
sale.
Also at the same, time and place, will be sold
the negroes belonging to said estate, 23 in number,
and among them are men, women, Boys, and girls,
and a good black-smith. Terms cash for the ne
groes. DANIEL RAMEY, Adm’r.
Oct. 21— 32-tds.
first Tuesday in January next, at the court-house
door in the town of Clarkesville, Habersham
county, the following property, to wit: Five negro
women : Patsey, Agnes, Maranda, Piety and Eli
za ; Three negro men : Isliarn ,Simon and Caswell;
also. Half of lot No. 36, 3d dist. of Habersham
county, whereon David M. Horton lives; also,
wood now lives. Solti -as’ t!ie’*propcr\y'MT : *jlitilijs
Chitwood, doceased.
JOHN I. CHITWOOD, Adm’r.
Oct. 21—32—tds.
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
W ILL be sold on the first Tuesday in Decem
ber next, before the court-house door in the
town of Blairsville, Union county, lot of land No.
251, in the 17th district ol said county, sold as the
properly of John Woods, deceased, for the benefit
of the heirs of said deceased. Terms made known
on the day of sale
WM. J. GAINES, Administrator.
October 7—30—tds.
ADMINISTRATORS’ SALE.
W ILL be sold on the 22nd of December next,
at the late residence of James MeClcsky,
oil tho pprennaI )trnjiprij>
hc’-ugitig t 0 estate, consisting of corn, fodder,
horses, hogs, and some cows ant. calves, household
and kitchen furniture, plantation tools &c.
Also at the same time and place, six negroes
will be hired, consisting of one man, three women
and two ploughboys, unless previously hired by
private contract. Terms made known on the day
of sale.
DAVID H. McCLESKEY, ) ... ,
JAMES R. McCLESKEY, f AUmr s "
Nov. 11—35—tds.
EXECUTOR’S SALE.
V GREEABLY to an order of the Honorable
Inferior court of Walton county, while sitting
for Ordinary purposes, will be sold before the
court-house in said county, on the first Tuesday in
January next, all the land and negroes belonging to
the estate of Susannah Huff, late of said country,
deceased, to wit: one lot of land No. 378, '.Uli
district, originally Henry county, now Walton, con
taining 202^ acres; also two negroes, Ephraim, a
man about 32 years old ; and Diila, a woman about
47 years old. Terms made known on the day of
sale. CHARLES HUFF, Exec’r.
Oct. 28—33—tds.
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
O N Friday, the 25th of November next, will be
sold at the late residence of Elijah Taylor, in
Hall’county, two feather beds, bedding and bed
steads. Sold as his property , for the benefit of his
creditors. Terms made known on the day of sale.
MOSES BRIAN, Adin’r.
Oct. 14—31—tds.
UXCCUTall'C- JC.A I- L 1 -
A GREEABLY to an order of the Honorable
court of Ordinary of Franklin county, will be
sold on the first Tuesday in January next, at the
court-house door of said county, four likely negroes,
to wit: three men and one woman. Sold as the
property of Stephen Chatham, deceased. Terms
made known on the dav of sale.
CHAFIN CHATHAM, Exec’r.
Oct. 28—33—tds.
EXECUTORS' SALE.
W ILL be sold in Cobb county, at the cow pens
of Elisha Winn, deceased, on Wednesday
the 14th day of December next, one horse, 14
head of cattle, 400rt lbs. polk, about 30 stock hogs,
a quantity of corn and fodder, &c. &c. Sold as
the property of Elisha Winn, deceased. Terms
made known on the day of sale.
WM. MALTBIE, > vv
R.D. WINNj $ Exec rs.
Oct. 28—33—tds.
ADMINISTRATOR'S SALE.
W ILL be sold at the late residence of George
A. Gordon, deceased, in Gwinnett county,
commencing on the 19th day of December next,
all the personal property belonging to the estate of
said deceased, consisting of horses, hogs, cattle,
corn, fodder, household and kitchen furniture, to
gether with other articles too tedious to mention.
Sold for the benefit of the heirs and creditors.
Sale to continue from day to day until all is sold.
Terms made known on the day of sale.
THOMAS B. GORDON,
Adm’r, with the will annexed.
Nov. 4—34—tds.
EXECUTORS’ SALE.
W ILL be sold at the court-house in Cobb coun
ty, on the first Tuesday in February next,
! two lots of land Nos. 1196, 3d dist. and 3d section,
J and 1253, 3d dist. and 3d section. Sold as the
! property of Elisha Winn, deceased. Terms made
known on the day of sale.
WM. MALTBIE,) T * .-
R. D. WINN, ) Exec rs
Oct. 28—33—tds.
EXECUTOR’S SALE.
A GREEABLY to the last will and testament of
Caroline Barnett, deceased, will be sold to
the highest bidder, at her late residence, on Friday
the 2d day of December next, the following proper
ty to wit: horses, cattle, hogs, corn, fodder, oats
and cotton in the seed, all the household and kitch
en furniture, plantation tools, &c. If it should not
he sold the first day, the sale to continue the next
dav until all is sold. Terms on the day of sale.
THOMAS H. YOUNG, ) p ,
E. BROWN, j Exec rs.
Sept 23—2S—tds.
EXECUTOR’S SALE.
W ILL be sold on the 23d of November next, at
the residence of John II. Boyce, late of Wal
ton county, deceased, all the perishable property
belonging to said estate, consisting of horses, cattle,
hogs, sheep and Blacksmith tools, farming utensils,
household and kitchen furniture, and other articles
too tedious to mention. Terms made known on
the day of sale.
BRINKLY BOYCE, Executor.
October 7—30—tds.
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
A GREEABLY to an order of the Inferior court
of Walton county, when sitting for ordina
ry purposes, will be sold on the first Tuesday
in December next, within the lawful hours of sale,
before the court house doorin Monroe, Walton.coun
ty : One tract of land containing ninety-five acres,
known as the Broken Arrow stand, also, one tract
known as the Shop Lot; (number of acres not
known.) Sold as the property of Andrew Shelnutt,
deceased. Terms made known on the day of sale.
JACOB SHELNUTT, Adm’r.
* A urns’ 19—23—tds
ADMINISTRATOR’S SALE.
W ILL be sold on the 25lh day of November
next, at the late residence of Abram Meader,
Jr., deceased, of Walton county, all the personal
property of said deceased, consisting of horses, cat
tle, hogs, household and kitchen furniture, corn, fod
der, oats, cotton and other articles too tedious to
mention. Terms made known on the day of sale.
JOHN J. MEADER, Adm’r.
Oct. 14—31—tds.
F OUR months after dale, application will be
made to the Honorable court of Ordinary of
Habersham, county, for leave to sell the real es-
tate of Peter Kinsev, deceased.
- v WILLIAM KINSEY, Adm’r.
September 2—25—lm.
F OUR months after date, application will be
made to the Inferior copyt of Gwinnett county,
when sittiug for ordinary purposes, for leave to'
sell all the land and negroes belonging to tfie estate
of Thomas Edwards, deceased.
f ‘ Jf}SSE i;OWE, Adm V r
Aupust 12—22—4m. \ " :*»•
he receivable in payment of all taxes and
debts due the State; tuul as long as they
constitute tbe cheaper currency, it is not to
be expected that payments into the Treasu
ry will be made in any tiling better. Thus,
all the operations of the State depending on
by the condition of the Central Bank. It is
important, therefore, that the credit of its
notes he sustained. The means by which
this object is to he accomplished, is for your
consideration. A former Legislature au
thorized the issue of Bonds hearing a high
interest for the purpose ; but as much as the
notes of the Bank have been depreciated, a
smafKsum only has been invested in them.
There is not, at this lime, a market in the
world, in which State Stocks to any consid
erable amount can he advantageously sold.
A sale of Bonds, therefore, cannot be relied
on. If bonds could be sold, it is highly
questionable whether sound policy would
justify the measure. The interest on the.,
bonds must be paid annually, and eventual
ly the principal at maturity. The postpone
ment would throw on a future generation
the unjust burden of supporting the Govern
ment rliiri.ifT «*>r tima The difficulty
should be met at once. Had there been
Central Bank, the expenses of the Govern
ment must have been met by taxation.—
These expenses having been paid by the
Central Bank, they become a legitimate
charge upon taxation. This must be the
report, or the Government is inevitably dis
honored. The public faith must he main
tained ; and to pause to discuss the question
of preference between taxation and dishon
or, would be to cast a reflection upon the
character of the people whose servants we
arc. The people are ever sensitive on the
subject of taxes, and it is proper that they
should be, lo check the wasteful prodigality
of their rulers; hut they pay them without
murmur or complaint when they are con
vinced that they are required by the neces
sities of the Government. A small addition
to the amount of taxes now paid, judicious
ly distributed, so as to bear most lightly on
those least able to pay, is all that is required
to restore-soundness to the currency. The
Bank ought, also, to he relieved forthwith
from nil liabilities, except its notes, and the
eight per cent, bonds given for their redemp
tion. I would therefore recommend the im
mediate repeal ol the Acts of the 23d De
cember, 1840. requiring the Central- Bank
to pay the iuterest on the public debt, and
seventy-five thousand dollars.of the princi
pal; the Act of the 13th of December last
requiring it to pay the iuterest on the pub
lic debt, and the Act of 23d December, 1840,
which, in cohnection with the Resolution
therein referred lo, requires the Directors of
the Central Bank to pay the Scrip issued by
the Commissioners of tiie Western and At
liintic Rail Road. Under these acts alone
the Central Bank has paid out little short of
six hundred thousand dollars; a sutn suffi
cient, if withdrawn from circulation, to re
store its notes to credit. 1 would also re
commend the repeal of the 4th section efthe
Act of 29th December, 1839, to amend the
Act establishing the Central Bank, which
vests the Directors with authority tq dis
count or purchase bills ofexchange or oth
er paper, without reference to the limitation
contained in the 25th section of the Char
ter of the Bank, for the purpose of paying
interest on the State’s bonds, or any, other
debt contracted abroad by authority of the
Legislature. • ’ - . .
As another means of aiding in the redemp
tion of Central Bank notes, 1 would recom-
mend the repeal of t he Act of the 10th of
December last, “ to extend the time for for-
of the Government. In the meantime,
the Government was to he sustained, and
this unfortunate measure begat another still
more fatal, the appropriation of the capital
of the Central Bank to this object, leaving
its issues unprotected. Its notes have now
o-ottednwn to a denreciation in ennsmnohM
that on a circulation of about a million and
a half of dollars, the people will lose in their
many fluctuations of value in passing from
hand to hand, little«hort of half a million
annually. If they should be pressed down
to a point that they will cease to be a circu
lating medium, the loss will still he greater,
and the whole sacrifice will be in favor of
the debtors of the Bank. This is too severe
a contribution to he levied upon the people,
and efficient preventive measures ought, in
time, lo he adopted.
The necessity of the measures here re
commended, will he demonstrated by an ex
amination into the condition of the Central
Bank. Its liabilities, including State eight
per cent, bonds, issued in redemption of its
notes, amount to one million seven hundred
thousand dollars, while its assets, exclusive
of the stock of the Bank of Darien, and old
claims on which but little can he realized,
« iu unouv two millions one "niindre j
thousand dollars. This amount is consti
tuted, chiefly, of notes and bills discounted,
and stocks of specie paying bauks. The
hank stock cannot be sold at present; and,
though a considerable sum is now due, or.
notes and bills lying over and in suit, the
process of collection will be tedious; and,
in the mean time, unless confidence is in
spired by the Legislature, in the notes of the
Bank, the people will sustain much heavier
losses by their depreciation than by the smalt
ud that is here asked for that institution.
The Directors have been gravely, and in
a public maimer, charged with an abuse of
their official power, and a violation of the
laws enacted for their government. It is
due alike to them and the country that a
strict and impartial scrutiny into their con-
of the Central Bank, which, it is expected,
will be redeemed without loss. With exis
ting appropriations, it is believed the road
may he completed to the point west of the
Etowah, designated by the last Legislature,
and beyond, provided a part of the sum ex
pected from the General Government on the
Militia claim, is applied to the purchase of
icon, which may with propriety be done, af
ter paying a part of the debt due to Reid, Ir
ving & Co., satisfactory to them. After the
expenditure of the means alreaJy appropria
ted to this work, it will he demonstrated,
whether the high expectations of the State
from this great enterprise, are to he realised.
Without asking any other allowance, I
would , in fvn rv nsnert of the case, recom
mend that the Work Ire carried on with the
appropriations already made, that its utility
to the eouutry, both with respect to revenue
and commerce, may be fairly tested. If the
work be suspended at the present point, the
road cannot be used to much profit to any
one, and but an inconsiderable income to
the State may be expected from it, while the
works beyond^constructed at so great cost,
will be exposed to damage and ruin. This
recommendation is, however, based upon
the presumption, that the superstructure
can be made for State Bonds at prices very
little aliovc cash rates. The expenditures
upon the road up to this time,.amount to
about two millions eight hundred thousand
dollars. The report of the Disbursing
Agent may he expected to be lull and explic-
it on this point, with the exception of the
amount expended in the purchase of iron,
locomotive, freight, &c., which may he esti-
TnatedTtt cigtrtyhwo thousand and sixty-two
dollars and ten cents.
After the repeal of the annual appropria
tion of six thousand dollars for the support
of the University, the Trustees found it
necessary to diminish the number of profes
sorships, as well as to reduce the salaries of
the members of the Faculty, who were re
tained. Organized, as it is, with the same
able President, as its head, it promises as
much usefulness, as, under its adverse cir
cumstances, could be expected from it. So
well aware were the wise framers of the
Constitution, that the strength ofa Republic
depends upon the intelligence of the people,
that they were careful to lay it down as a
fundamental principle of the Government,
that the arts and sciences should be promo
ted, in one or more seminaries of learning.
It is a historical truth, that human rights
have been more boldly asserted and daring
ly maintained in those countries, where the
duct, be made.
Timely provisions should be made for
the payment of the interest on the public , . , - ......
debt, and inasmuch as specie is necessary enlightenment of the public mind, has enu
for this object, 1 would recommend that the
tax on Bank Stock be required to be paid in
specie, and at such times as it shall be need
ed to meet the engagements of the State, and
that a sufficient amount to pay the entire in
terest be thus levied, provided the notes of
the Central Bank are generally at a greater
discount than five per cent, in the purchase
ofexchange. As the Central Bank notes
are the sole currency at the command ofthe
Treasury, some regulation of the sort is nec
essary to save the State from absolute dis
grace. In justice to the holders ofthe notes
ofthe Central Bunk, however, that institu
tion ought not to be permitted to add a dol
lar to its circulation for any purpose what
ever, until it extinguishes its liabilities of ev
ery description, and shall he able to redeem
its issues with specie.
In executing the duties required of me
under the Act ofthe last Legislature, which
dissolved the Corps of Engineers, then in
the service of the State, and repealed so
much of the Act of eighteen hundred and
thirty-seven, as relates to the election of
three Commissioners of tjie Western and At
lantic Rail Road, I sought and obtained the
services of the Hon. Wilson. Lrimpkia as
Disbursing Agent. In January last he en
tered upon the duties of bis appointment, and
has executed them with his accustomed fi
delity and ability. • - * ’V : . ;
He has appropriated, with little exception,
the whole of his time to the serviee.of the
n. - 1 • ■ .A ' tt.rv
State, and-
bird the people to understand them best.
All improvements in society and govern
ment, find in the condition of a people, de
pend, more or less, on the degree of general
intelligence that prevails. It is the duty of
every State, therefore, whose government
is based upon an acknowledgement of an
equality of human rights, to encourage and
foster some public institution of learning, at
which the most finished education can be
obtained. Otherwise, the wealthy, who
alone can sustain the heavy expense atten
dant upon the foreign education of children,
will be able to afford their sons a. thorough
knowledge of the profounder sciences, and
place within their reach the rich treasures of
polite and elegant literature. It is that nu
merous class - of our citizens, of moderate
property, who, not being able to send their
children abroad, could encounter the ex
pense of an education within our limits,
that are to be benefited by. a State institu
tion. Every consideration of policy and
jiustice, then, recommends to you a renewal
of die liberal patronage which so long sus-
tkmedontUniversity* __ .
r/Ftie eflbrtrtTeifetofore made to confer thg
benefits of education upon all, through the
instrumentality of common and poor schools,
have not been attended with the success that
was hoped for.- Thfo great abuse to which’
the system, is subject, uffords cottclusive Ev
idence that jt is radically defective. In
many pl£ce$ the 'fluid set apart ahd distribu
ted lor this dtfjCet, has been grossly fiiisgp
'
plied, and its intended beneficiaries have re
ceived, no aid from it. Indeed, so smaU a
sum is now subject to distribution, that if it
were equully divided among the children
entitled to jt under the law, and it should be
distributed in no other manner, it would not
he sufficient to purchase the’books and sta
tionary necessary for their use. At the Jast
apportionmen t, the sum of seventy cents on
ly was assigned to each child, and there
must be even a further reddetipu at the next.
This is trifling with the subject ol education,
and wasting the public revenue to no pur
pose. I would therefore earnestly recom
mend a thorough and radical chauge of the
system, and advise that as soon as theco'ndi-
tiou ofthe treasury will justify it, a semina
ry for the education of the*poor exclusively,
be established, in a section of the State, eligi
ble on account of its health, upd the cheap
ness of provisions, where it could be sus
tained at the least possible expense; Each
county should he entitled to send to it an
equal number of itsjpoor children, the whole
amounting to such uumber as can he sup
ported and educated, annually, by the fund
set apart for the purpose. The children
thus receiving the benefits of education, at
the hands of the State, should be required,
under a penalty and an obligation, to-which
you have the power to confer on them the
iegal capacity to hind themselves, to return
to their respective counties, and. as a com
pensation to the public, teach poor children
gratuitously, for such term of time as might
he reasonable and just. Their counties
should be required to hoard and clothe them
for the time, provided the tuition money for
the children of persons able to pay lor lheir
education, should not be sufficient for the
purpose. A system of this sort, could not
fail to become extensively useful, and the
funds now wasted in the fruitless attempt,
under a different plan, to accomplish the
same great object, ought to be carefully hus
banded to carry it into effect, •
Dr. William Bacon Stevens, a'gentleman
of high attainments and unquestionable qual
ifications, is engaged in writing a history of
this State. The expense, however incon
siderable, of obtaining the necessary mate
rials to render it complete in all its pans, is
too great for a gentleman of limited private
fortune to encounter. The pride and inter
est which every citizen must feel in the
work, connueud it to .your patronage.
Dr. (Jotting, the State Geologist, proposes
to publish by subscription a report of his
survey of the Slate. The whole will be
comprised in two volumes, one of which is
ready for the press. I would suggest to
yon the propriety of appointing, from your
body, a committee of scientific gentlemen to
report upon the expediency of subscribing *
for a number of copies of this important
work for the use of the State and the seyer^
-. A few weeks after the adjournment ofthe
last Legislature, applications were made to
me from various quarters of the State, to
re assemble that body, that they might take
into consideration some measure for the re
lief of the people. I did not consider the
applications sufficiently numerous to justify
so important a step, especially, as at the ses
sion then so recently closed, the subject had
been, m general terms, submitted to* them.
There can be no question that it is the duty
of a Government, whose mischievous policy
has been, in a great degree, instrumental in
producing individual embarrassment, and.
excluding from the hands ol the people tliB*
only currency, certainly available, in the
payment of debts, to avert or alleviate tha ^
distress it has caused, as far as its powers
can be constitutionally exerted for the pur-’’
pose. Restrained, as the States are, from
enacting laws impainug the obligation ot
contracts, they are cut off from the most ob
vious remedy for so great an evil. The pa
per they have authorized corporations to is
sue, as the representative of gold and silver,
they have no power to require creditors to
receive in lien of the gold and silver thus
kept out of the hands of debtors. In this
state of things, what can he done ?. Is the
property of the debtor, who, perhaps, has it)
his pocket, the paper the law has authorized
to represent gold and silver; but which is
refused, to be sacrificed at the will of the
creditor, who, by his demand of specie, is
probably left without a competitor at the
sale? TUis is little better than making the
law the instrument of transferring the pos
session and title of the pioperty ofthe debt
or to the creditor, without consideration.-—
A few years ago, a degree of odium rested
oil the creditor) who, by demanding specie
at Sheriff’s sales, which, he kuew; was uot
to be obtained, coerced the sale of his debt
or’s property for a lithe of its value, that few
men were found able or willing to encoun
ter. Of late, however, though the supply
of specie has been augmented but little, i ? f
any, such cases have increased; and we may
expect the practice to prevail the ensuing
year to a considerable extent. If my con
jecture he well founded, the present crop,
though it promises to be abundant, will but
slightly mitigate the general distress; for
the benefits expected from it will be greatly
counteracted by the depreciation of the notes
of non specie-paying batiks, the unavoidable
consequence of demands of specie. From
the reports of the Banks which pay specie,
it will be seen that the quantity of specie on
hand will not justify the expectation that
they can increase ^lieir circulation, except
upon paper at short sight, upon the maturi
ty of which, it will be immediately called
in. On the first of October,.the aggregate
amount of specie held by nine banks, whose
reports were received during the month of
October, exceeded, but little/ half a million
of dollars, while the demands against them
in circulation and deposits, amounted to
nearly two millions of dollars. After stri
king a balance of reciprocal dues among ihe
banks, there is a balance of about one hun
dred and fiffeen thousand dollars iu their
favor,’which must be due by banks out of
the State-. In'this estimate, debts dffe by
the Georgia Rail Road and Banking Com
pany to "some 'ofthe Batiks of Atigusta^and.
oh (interest; are not jn€lirded. These sjate-
merils«ppro$eh
-c*
