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From tho rhiljKlelpliw renn»ylvaninn. Glances at Congress—No. 1. . It La common I > all. to form atr iJea *the*£ pearanceofTe object or tbo locality of which They have spoken, or read; and in nearlyevery caw. these portraits of them.nd are either laugh ably unjust or pdiculously flattered. During a aeiion of Congress as eventful and exerting^na the present, those whose avocat.onsprevcntthem from Eding to Washington, content themselves with oictunna, after this fashion, the public men • forced into not.cte, by the |l, drssenslons or diputes arising out of the absorb ing question of the day. When Col. Bissell. of Ilf and Col. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, were near coming to an issue about a statement of lho fir.me»™of course everybody had his own idea of the appearance of these liei oes--for o they are, in the best sense of tho term. Colonel Bissell has a stern countenance, with a coal-black eveT and a calm, quiet manner. He is very so- cfalinliis nature, and has a heart, as the saying goes, “ in the right place.’ He is the ordinary height, and looks like a roan bred to arms. His speech on the slave question was L.afirst, as is this his first session. It was delivered with em inent coolness and deliberation,and with a reso lution that showed he would stand by it. It pla ced him at once before the country as a man of mind and of mark. C. 1. Davis is about Bissell s age, we think—say forty ; -but lie has been long er in public life. He still walks with his cane, from the effect of his wound, and is quite milita ry in all his tastes. He has the calm look of a very brave man, and his sunken eye is singularly brilliant. There is an expression in his conn- tenancor as if he constantly suffered horn lnju- lies received in battle. Ho is one of the best educated men in Congress, and one of the most classical speakers. Stepping over into the pop ular branch of Congress, the spectator asks to see the two great rivals for the ^peakciship Winthrop, of Massachusetts, and Cobb, of Geo. Winthrop has the fresh complexion and the ad dress of an English nobleman; is always dress ed in perfect taste; an.' is tall and graceful.— He rejoices in gold spectacles. IIis manner of speaking is finished ; his nrticulntion distinct and clear; and liis voice musical and cultivated. He lives in elegant style, and is fond of gathering about him the inlcllcctaud fashion constantly cen- tred in Washington. His speech against Gid- dings, and tlic free soilcrs, was as fine a speci men of sarcastic eloquence, as has been heard in the House for years. Mr.' Cobb, liis successful competitor, is now in the Chair. Let us observe him in that position. He is standing up, with “ remorseless hammer” in hand, stating a a de cision to tho House. A near view will impress you most favorably of Mr. Colib. He is the pic ture of good health ; is heavily built; but quick in liis movements. His countenance is open and frank; his eye blue; his thick and curly hair, auburn. In conversation his face beams with intelligence. His voice is * agreeable, and bis manners prepossessing. You will notice how plainly and distinctly he'is heavd all over the house; how prompt hia decisions ; how lucid his language in “ stating the questions.” Mr. Cobb is still a young man ; not quite forty : and is a gentleman ofhigli character and faultless hab its. He has ho^ts of personal friends ill both parties, and no enemies. You will notice that tho House is now about going into “ Committee of the Whole;” and, also, that Mr. Cobb has called up a member into the Chair, from which ho gracefully retires. That is his bosom fiicud, Linn Boyd, the oldest member of the House, and yet “ as straight as an arrow”—a form in which health and strength are conspicuous.— Linn Boyd is one of the finest looking men in Congress. Ho is over six feet high, and well proportioned. About the .only evidence of his age is his white hair. He does not often take part in debate, blit is one of the best and most experienced members of the House. If you will run.vqur eye along tfee left of the aisle divid ing the House—tho democrats sitting on the right, and the Whigs on tho left, fronting the Speaker—you will observe two gentlemen in earnest conversation. The contrast in their ap pearance is, in all respects striking. One is Ro bert Toombs, the other Alexander H. Stephens, both of Georgia, and both Whigs. Toombs is a ferocious looking man, on account of his long black hair, and his dark complexion, and when he speaks his vehemence gives to his countenance an angry and bitter cast. His voice is harsh and unmusical; but his ability is far above mediocri ty. He is the idol of the Georgia Whigs, and has great influence in the House. We never will forget his appearance and manner shortly after the Mcadc.and Duer difficulty, in Decem ber, when he Tallied- the Southern members about him, and excited them almost to freuzy by liis terrific declamation upon the subject of slavery. Stephens looks like a boy of fourteen, who has grown prematurely old. His face is of a livid palor. and is shrivelled as if .by disease and age.; His band is small as a child’s, and he holds nis slender cane with nervous grasp. His voice is a shrill treble, but is not unmusical with al. Tho House always listens to him with pro found attention; for he is accounted a capital speaker. A few seats from him sits Mr. Duer, of New York, the whig member who had the diffiealty with R. Kidder Meade, of Virginia.— There is great character in-his face. His Ro man noso anti keen eye indicato indomitable courage. He is, unquestionably, ono of the lead ing men of the House, and made a speech a fow days ago on the President’s plan of scttliKg the question, quite ingenious and eloquent. His former foe, but present friend, Meade, is on tlie other, or Democratic side, and has a fine manly countenance, florid complexion, aud good figure, —his enormous Watch chain - and seals worn in the old fashion, anil frequently twirled on Ids fin- S ers, while addressing tho Chair. Nobody ouhts his ready courage, and his ardent sym pathies for his native South are frequently ex hibited. Virginia send* few better or purer re presentative:) tlianMr.Meade. A fewscats from aim will be seen Hon. Thomas Haynes Baylcy, of tho same State, liis devoted friend, and ilie present industrious and fearless Chairman of the Committee of Ways aud Means. . He was com pared to Washington in appearance, by a corres pondent ; and his countenance has much in it that is dignified and agreeable. His blue coat yellow vest become him exceedingly, and bis fine head i3 crowned with luxuriant auburn hair. He is quite near sighted, and wears spec tacles. There is Preston King now trying to catch the Speaker’s eye—a round jolly face and rolling gait, and fat heavy figure—all indicating anything but the malice which enters so large!** mto bn Totes and speeches. He, too, wears a piue coat. The worst invcstment.be has made, *!*“« *o get the House to foldrfeJ5« C ° bV i E , U ! Uyof & r ge«7- A disgrace, ly back \ US e " te rpiise. Immediate-: diwrict ^ dg ® Thotn P 8on . of ‘bo Erie countenaaoe and fre* 16 ’ ^ oso -S 0 °d-humnred Tfcrj'* over most men in the House advantage is very strong and sonorous V* vo,ce ’ whl ®h tention. ‘ HU speech, a fcJL comm ands at- Census bill, was one ol the »L g °’ ° n ,he Oo.be-Whig We thcr ° KSSrS-S whom you would like to know. Edwawf e, W. hS %% abaina, and 1 homas L. Chngman, of North Oar ohna. Mr. Stanley is one of the boldest debat ers of his party in the House, and has a most penetrating voice. He has a youthful face with a large nose, and is below tbo average size.— Mr. Hilliard, the member bo denounced so bit terly a few days 8go, one whose peaceful char acter as a Clergyman prevented him from resort ing to tho code of honor; is a most prepossess ing person. IIU dark hair is tinged with grey, and his face is serious and complexion dark.— His manner of speaking is correct and classical. Mr. Cliogman rejoices -in well-trained-whiskers, and a face, in which good-liumor U the most prominent feature. Ho is very tropical in his Soutlicrhism, and very wintfy to the North. I he gentleman holding up a bundle of letters beckoning for one of the pages on the other side of the House, is Jacob Thompson, of Mississip pi. One would take him for au. Irishman from his face, Until Lis strong Southern accent dissi pated the impression. He is one of the truest and best members ic the House, and is 8 mem ber of tho Committee of Ways and Means, ffie belongs to that stern school of public men, among whom “ Father McKay,” of North Car olina, was prominent; and he watches zealously all attempts to expend the public money. Mr. Thompson is still a young man, and is one of the very best speakers on tlie floor. But here we must stop for today. We shall resume these sketebes at our leisure. €ljc Southern Banner. ATHENS, 'GEORGIA. Thursday, May 16,1850. and PEACE is the great desiieratum of mankind. It should be the end and aim of all governments. We are, therefore, opposed to any stipulations with a for eign power which limit oar empire, and think they ought to be rejected by the Senaie. The Isthmus is oars, sooner or later, by “ manifest destiny.” BANE ROBBEB CAUGHT! * We casualty omitted to notice iu oar last issue the (act that George J. Bulloch, the rubber of the Central Bail road Bank, had been apprehended, brought back, and impris oned in jail at Savaiinoh, in order that he may sutler the peually due to his crime. If he be guilty, we trust, that the full measure*»f tlic law may be meted out not only up on oaewvho coi)U be guilty of (he crime nf larceny, but of first Comptroller of. the Treasury. Mr.J ed. in all one hundred and fifteen I and interest—a very pretty penny.' part of thi% whole transaction. No i in so large a claim against the seek or accept a seat in the temptation for poor human nature cial influence will be used, in spite ance of his claim. Nay the inference 1 sistible that Mr. Crawford songht-a scat! die very purpose of pressing this claim 1 and pocketing a princely fortune for an An From the New York-Globe a Democratic Paper. The Slave Power. The crceil and policy of the Federal (or Whig) and Democratic parties have always been as wide apait as the poles. A strict construction of the Constitution and a rigid regard for the reserved rights of the States, have been the glo rious characteristics of the Democratic party, whilst a desire to convert this confederated Re public iuxo one nation, and to invest Congress with almost unlimited poijer, has been the end and aim of the Federalists and Whigs. From the earliest period in the history of the Govern ment, tho Southern States embraced the creed of the Democracy witli ardor and sustained it with firmness. The Democratic party, in the darkest hours of its history, has always known where to look for faithful alliance and unswerv ing devotion. And they have never looked to the South in vain. When the war of 1812 was to be sustained against a powerful and insolent foo, the South stood by the Democracy, shoulder to shoulder. When it became ueccssary to root out tlic Bank of the United States, which had fastened its fangs upon the country so deep that patriots almost despaired of its overthrow, upon whom did wc rely in that contest with the mon ster of the Moneyed Power? When abigh Tar iff was consuming the vitals of the country, and enriching Capital at the expense of Labor, who were the iuithfnl allies of the Democracy in se curing its overthrow? Everybody knows it was the South, the true, the gallant, the faithful South, which always came to the rescue of the North ern Democracy, and secured its triumph. For this reason, and for this alone, the Fcdcralists and Whigs have always hated the South. The Northern Democracy alone, they could have vanquished, but resisted also by the unflinching opposition of the’South, they have been kept from power, with a few intervals, from the foun dation of the Democratic party to the present time, a period of nearly fifty years. But, know ing well that the real cause of their hatred must be concealed, they have affected to base a re luctant warfare against the South, upon a holy horror of what they have been pleased to term “ the slave power.” Piety and party joined hands together, and, from the first triumph of the Democracy under Jefferson, to the present day, they have made the land ring with ejaculations upon the enor mities of the slave power. It was tlic slave power, which governed the country, was the cry —it was the slave power which must he resisted. The slave power was the burthen of the very first resolution passed by the Hartford Conven- tcion in 1812. It was the slave power? which, in 1820, aroused the indignation of Mr. Rufus King and the Federalists, to the admis sion of Missouri. And, in latter days, it is the slave power, which has so much distressed poor Mr. Van Burcn. It was a new discovery to him, and mode rather late in life—(after-the Balti more Convention, we believe)—but age i» ven erable and the reflcctions^of age are entitled to particular regard. “The great Democratic par ty must be dissolved, for in no other way can the slave power be subdued—a great geograph ical party must be formed to drive this moral leprosy from the land.” But, before we enter upon ibis pious crusade, let us enquire, as briefly as our limits will per mit, of what sins this so called slave power has been guilty. The Crusaders of old sharpened tlie spears for their recovery of Jerusalem, and the tomb of the Saviour, because both were de filed by the power of the Saracen. Let us en quire, what is our justification for the new cru sade, to which we arc invited by tlie Seward Whigs and their new allies, tlic Messrs Van Buren. We will dot down a few facts, by Way of refreshing tho memory, and affording an ex cuse. It was the slave power which cradled the revolutions of ’9S—it was the slave power which- sustained the war of ISI2, and achieved the se cond Declaration of Independence—it was the slave power which purchased the Florida*, and crushed the U. S. Bank, the Protective TarifT, and the grand scheme of Internal Improvements —it was the slave power which sustained the war with Mexico, and extended our possessions to the Pacific—it was the slave power which raised the exports from Zero to 100.millions of dollars per annum-it was the slave power which gave to-the country Washington, and Jefferson, nnd Madison, and Monroe, aud Jackson, and Pqlk. ' • ' • ;; If there is any Northern Democrat, who now feels uneasy about this so-called slave power, let him buckle on his armor, and join the new cru sade of the Seward Whigs, and the VanBurens. But the Northern Democracy, true to its prin ciples,.and true to it* history, will ntandy-wbero it has always stood, ill firm and faithful alliance with tlic Democrcy of the whole Union. School Scene.—A green spectacled peda gogue, enthroned on a three-legged stool, with a sceptre of birch firmly grasped exclaims: Big boys, come up and parse The Pig Squeaks. Now tell wliat is Tho,” The, sir, is a preposterous article; nomina tive to Pig.” Why do you call it a preposterous article?” Because it stands before Pig. I wouldn’t stand one for a shilling.” " Next boy, parse l'ig.” " Pig is a common noun.” “ Why is it a common noun ?” “ Because it’s so common that you can’t see nothing else in the streets.” “ Wbat is Squeak !”. * “ A noun proper, sir.” “ Why is it proper, Ezekiel ?” “ Because it makes a proper loud noise, and disturbs all the neighbor*.’’ That’s O. K. Now you fan all go and carry on with the gals.” Cotton in Jamaica.—It is said the plant con triye's to bear for fivo years, and produces two crops yearly. Ten acres produced 10,000 lbs; but the land was fresh. It was the continued return of the caterpiller which caused the West ludia planter to abandon the cultivation of cot ton. It is a well known fact that the farther South the earlier and tlie more' frequent is the return of this dreadful insect. AGEHTS FOH THE SOUTHERN BANNER New Tons.—Joseph Mason aud V. B. Palmer. • Pmt.ADici.rHi a.—E. W. Carr and V. B. rainier. ’ . Baltjxore.—William Thomson Foustth Co.—Daniel McCoy. Hall Co.—Joliu Gray, Att’y at Law, Gainesville. Franklin Co.—B. A. B. Neal, Esq. Carnesville. Union Co.—W. II. Stansell,Atty. at Law, Bluirsville. Jobu Johnston, Esq. V. M.at IIuilsou P.O. Franklin co. Jackson Co.—Satn’l F. Thurmond s Esq. Jefferson. Madison Co.—Doct. B. M. Thompson, Dauielsville. Flotd Co.—N. J. Omhcrg, Rome, Geo. , LEARN THE FBENCH! We respectfully invite the attention (K the community to the advertisement of Monsieur do Bnucard, in our colli in ns Uwliy. It will lie seen that he proposes to teach that beau tiful language, the French, amnug u*. He brings festimo- uials of diameter and capacity of the highest order from our suUjr state* of North uud Squill Carolina. —— • • -<*• THE NICARAGUA THE ATT—AH ATTEMPT TO BOUND OUB EMPIRE. Very recently a treaty has beeu negotiated at Washing ton between Mr. Cluyton. the Secretary of State, and Sir Henry Bulwer, die British Miuister, in relatiou to the pro posed ship canal across the Isthmus of Panama through tho jurisdiction of die Slate of Nicaragua. The treaty itself lias not, as yet, we believe, been transmitted to the Senate for ratification. At any rate, tlie terras of it liave not authori tatively transpired. But iu this, as in most other nutters of secrecy, either of state.or iu private utiairs, some third parly usually contrives to get iuto possession of the myste ry, and blabs it forth to Ihe world in spile of all confiden tial injunctions. A correspondent of die New York Herald seems to have been initiated, seme Low or other, into the cabinet secrets, as it is to that paper that tlie public are in debted for the principal features of the treaty. The most objectionable of these has been brought to our notice by an uhlirarticle in the Pennsylvanian of die 4di iust. and which may be gathered from the following extract from that paper: “The Nicakaoca Treaty.—We hare refniinj\l from saying a wcnl on this subject, because we could uqi.believe that tlie reports in circulaiiou concerning the cluirac.ter of the Treaty, were true. We did uol decui it putfiibje that any administration would pledge our govermnefltVrfty a treaty with Great Britain, or any foreign power,'never to annex any portion of Central America to the United Slates. This would be the “ Monroe- doctrine” reversed; aud it would he the best mode which the British Government could adopt, to prevent the extension of our country over North America. We snv' we did not deem it possible that .even Mr. Clayton would negotiate such a Treaty; but, from tho fact that the syllabus of the Treaty, published in die Sew York Tribune, some days ago, lias been, at least by implication, sanctioned l>y the government organ at Washington, We now apprehend the worst. According to this IMihlicatiou : *' The United States and Great Britain mutually aud reciprocally pledge their faith to each other, that they trill not lake, use, hold, occupy, nor exercise do minion over, any part of Cental America, henceforth, and forercr. We are one of those who have looked forward with hope to the period when the whole of North Ameri ca, embracing the Stairs of the Isthmus, would constitute hut one great federal Republic. It is not many years since St. Salvador, one of these States, applied to be adopted in to our Federal Union. But now, it seems, w>- have hound ourselves, by solemn treaty with Great Britain, no matter wliat may hereafter he the necessity or propriety of the measure, ‘"not to lake, use, hold, occupy, nor exercise do minion orer, any part of Central America, henceforth and forever!’” • It is but seldom that we can find, even among onr dem ocratic exchanges, a corresponding sentiment to our own relative to the extension of our empire. But. thiiTarticle from ottr democratic cotempomry of the Key-stone State fills up our eye, aud dcumuds a cordial response nt our hands. We have no doubt that thousands of our fellow-citizens, in both the whig and democratic ranks, think that our views are those of an enthusiast, and that the time will nev er arrive when our federal system will embraco with per fect safety within its operations the eutiro continent of North America. But those who take this view of the sub ject seem to understand but little of the capacity of the fed- A hole to creep out.—Tlie Convention editor* in tB spite console u with the refl etiou that Gov. Towns is not I larceny where confidence has been reposed. Iu all this to call a state convention ftir the admission of Califoi we sliall have the concurrence of tlie banks and their fol lowers, who will cry out with one' voice “ crucify him— crucify him” for robbing the oautt of a bank which bad been put-under his control. But wbeu the bauks rob the people, ns they do when their bills depreciate, and specie payment is suspended, who cries out “ thief, felon, rubber, &c. Ac.”! Bad as is the offence of Bulloch, we can see but little difference between the crime of rubbing the hank and rob bing the people. Cadets 'at West Point.—From a communication in tlie Washington Uuiou of the 8th inst. from Col. Totten of the Engineer department, we find the following appointment for 1850 of Cadets fur Ge.irgia, viz- v J. T. Mercer of tlie second ’Congressional district—Abner Snead of the 3d— Wm. S. Daniel of the 6th—and Lewis H. Kenan of the 7tli. CALIFORNIA. The Empire City and the Georgia have recently arrived gl New York from Chagres, bringing highly important inr telligence from California. The Cherokee which carite down from San Francisco to Panama just before the sailing of the first named vessels brought $1,700,000 in gold dust' which 3ias probAbly reacted New York. It is estimated that One hundred thousand persons are on their way to the gold mines—which still continue to prove numerous and rich. The most important intelligence, however, is of a political character. The U. 8. Collector of the Customs at the port of San Francisco had been ordered to pay over the revenue collected by him iuto the State treasury under a resolution of the legislature, aud strung efforts were making to set up an iudependont government. We learn this lat ter to lie a feet also by a letter received in this place from a gentlemen ofliigli character and intelligence on the i) ot. Commodore Jones, the Commandant of the Pacific Sqiad- ruu, Inis notified the parties engaged in this attempt, that he will enforce the sovereignty of the United States by tlie thunder cf his batteries. We think there i* very little danger, however, of Dixie Sam losing Miss Cally-Forney. He is too kiud nud pro tecting iu his character for auy of the family to quit his houseliold. Besides, they are well aware that his fret rns are not to' be disregarded. alone, hut iufease Congress shall “admit into-th&Uuili States, as a state of this confederacy, the sparsely ] ted territoiy of California AND Sets Mexico.'' seems to be tlie language of the law at any rate. We glad that it is so—that we shall tee none of the fool state convention for the admission by Congress nf fomia into the Union. Southern Convention—Jndgc IIHtycr’s Letter to Gov. Towns. . Cuwpens, May 8th, 1830. His Excellency Gov. Towns: Sir—I have just received your proclamation making known that I hare been daly elected a delegate’to the Nash- ille Convention. . ’ ' , I am satisfied ( that the people of the Sixth-Congressional district do uot desire to be represented in that convention. ’ have taken pains to ascertain public sentiment on this sub ject. I have had vety extensive personal communication with the people almost throughout tbo entire district. Aud ain well convinced that the people of this district have no sympathy with the contemplated movement ol'the Southern States on the subject of slavery. This opinion is confirm ed by the smallness of the vote cost at the recent election. I feel it to he my duty, out of deference to what I believe to be the well ascertained judgment of the people, to de cline ail appointment which lias been conferred upon me it is true by the forms of law, but which clearly is not sanc tioned by the popular will. With high respect, A Your obedient servant, JUNIUS/HUlYER. We cordially acd fully endorse thexiews put forth in tho. above letter. It would bo ridiculous for either of the dele gates voted for by so small a portion of this Congressional district to claim to be Representatives of the people in the Nashville Convention. Nay, it would be worse—it would be an outrage upon popular sovereignty and representative government. THE COMPROMISE , On Wednesday the 8th inst, Mr. Clay, in behalf ot the Committee ofThirteen to whom had been referred the va- rw<s psupauHiima concerning slavery and the territ-riw, made a report to the Senate l T . S. accompanied with bills to carry out the views and recommendations of the com mittee, which are ns follow: ** 1. The, admission of any new State or States formed out of Texas to be postponed until they sliall hereafter present themselves to he received into the Union, wheu it will be the duty of-Congress fairly and faithfully to cXeculo the. compact with Texas, by admitting such new State or States. S. The ndmissiou forthwith ot California into the Uuion with the boundaries which she hns proposed 3. The establishment of territorial governments, without the Wihnot Proviso, for New Mexico und Utah, embracing all tlie territory recently arquired by the Uuitcd States from Mexico uot contained iu the boundaries of California. 4. TJie combination of these two last mentioned meas ures in the same hill. 5. The establishment of the western and northern boun dary of Texas, and the exclusion from her jurisdiction all New Mexico, with the grant to Texas of a pecuniary equivalent. Aud the section for that purpose to he incor porated iu the bill admitting California and establishing lerriloriul governments for Utah mid New Mexico. 6. More effectual enactments of law to secure the prompt* delivery of persons hound to sen-ice or labor in one State, under tlie laws thereof, who escape into another State; Aud 7. Abstaining from abolishing sla\ory ; hut, under a heavy penalty, prohibiting the slave trade iu the district of Columbia.” • Onr readers will now very naturally inquire how tho plan of the committee was received in the Senate, aud per- l^ips some of them may desire to know tho opinion we en tertain npon the subject. We regret that it is not in our power, at present, to lay the report nnd hills of the committee, together with the remarks of leading Senators, North and Sonlh, upon them, before the country, in order that every one might judge for himself of their merits, and the probability of a pacific termination oT the present sectional controversy. Wc shall give tho report and bills in our next paper. Bnffice it, for fc passenj commumC tho fowarefl all either. werJ perish in the flam' At the time the decS tleman, ivith a child itr his between the chimnies. A largo number of hor ly all burnt to deaths ” S. eral system, aided by the Steam-engine and the Electro- j the present, to say that tho propositions of the committee mngnelic telegraph, for almost indefinite expansion. Other forms of government, like those of ancient Rome and Macedon, may tall asunder from extension, but ours ac tually increases in streugtb and durability with the increase of ,it* area. The great points to be guarded against ore despotism and anarchy. Despotism is naturally jealous, aud rule*either in person, or by a subordinate responsible to the supreme power. Consolidation in government is its essence. There cau, of course.'he no local representative government for the distant provinces, mid rcbellkmoc their port, rr that of tho governor, against the authority of the sovereign, is the necessary consequencr. of “WTfr' ffi* 1 em pire. Not so with our own system. Free, representative, local governments uiakc the jieople contented ami happy under every variety of climate, soil, language, or condition —leaving to the federal authority, as a matter of.course in attended empire, but a fow general duties to perform, be cause the exercise of any others become absolutely Imprac ticable. These may be summed up mainly under the heads ot'Toreign relations and common defence. Every step we take from tho centre weakens the ceutrnl authority, hut strengthens the system, nuless it call he made to appear that in avoiding consolidation we rush into the opposite extreme of anarchy. But the more rational liberty enjoyed by the people, the less danger of anarchy. The tyranuy of a single ruler, or combinations adverse to justice in a republican form of government, may produce rebellion or resistance, but tlie preposition still remains un answerable, that disorder- is the offspring of bad govern ment. When the people aru treated with justice they nev er rebel. Uence it is that our state governments, being en trusted by tbo constitution with the exercise of almost all the powers which immediately concern the btlppiuess of the people, aud being nothing more than the reflex of tlicir will, there are fewer causes of disorder .than under a dis tant, (Cutral, or nn immediate proconsular aud' -irresponsi ble, government. The natural tendency of extension is to federalize the system more and more in its administration, and in propor tion ss this is done, contagion in common impulse* of inter est or ambition—or in other words, combinations or log rolling, the great danger ul republics, avoided. Centralization has been the vice of modern Europe, so far ns stability in government is'concerned, and the crown- heads have lately reaped tlie reword of a principle natural ly despotic, in the late scenes of rebellion and revelation. The British statesmen begin to sec tlie necessity of federal izing their system as much as possible in practice, in order to avoid the danger of popular combinations and impulses. They had better give to Ireland-her local legislature and preserve a* much as possible her distinctive national char acter, if they wish to avoid a grand popular movement ol the masse* of both Great Britain anil Ireland. against the existing older of things. The Tory politicians term to be sensible of the efficacy of this principle, at least iq regnrd to Wales. We once heard of a great desire to extend the English language aud customs to that province. Bnt since the masses of Europe have commenced congregating by- means of common sympathies and impulses in fe^’or of lib erty, we find a disposition among the roost poJotd«ting the Tories to keep EngUuwl and Wules as much separate ns possible. . Givo the English, Welch, Scoth aud Irish the same language, government, religion, custom*—in short, consolidate them together as one people, and the meuarck’s crown, with all the subordinate incidents of the system, would be much more insecure than at prescut. The distinguishing character of the federal system is its perpetuity—being less liable^? change than any otner.— The more states—the larger the republic—the greater the security also against foreign invasion. Sixty large states, instead of thirty, will insure everlasting peace from abroad were not received in such a manner by Senators from the South as to augur l%ry favorably of their fiual adoption tiy both Houses of Congress. We are inclined to thiuk, how ever, tliat with some modifications, particularly in relation to the boundary of California, the scheme will be eventu ally successful. Wc are among those, who think that the whole Pacific coast should not be yielded to California,— Our readers are aware that we have always advocated 36° SIP as her appropriate southern boundary. Our opinion still remains unchanged, and we trust yet that this line will he adopted. Such also seems to be the opiuion of many south- ttgn Satiate** who spoke when the report was presented There is one other feature in tho bills organizing territo rial governments for Utah and New Mexico, which, howev er it may accord with the opiuion of those iu the South who deny the doctrine of Gen. Cass that the people of the territories have a right to regulate the question of slavery for themselves, is not very acceptable to ns. For we area devout believer, with Gen. Cass, in the troth of that doc trine, os an axiomatic principle in government. We also perceive, that if, as tbo North contends, the Mexican anti- slavery law be still of force iu the territories, the only pos sible hope of their repeal i$ from the territorial legislatures' If we look a)so to lurther acquisitions, ns we should, from Mexico, aud the principle should he established by the le gal tribunals that tho Mexicuu laws remain in force until repealed by American legislation, we shall see at once, that the doctrine ofGen. Cass is the ouly hope of extending oUr domestic institution, at any rute short of those powerful considerations which tnay cause the territories, after becom ing stales, to repeal the anti-slavery clause iu their consti tutions. Such a clause would, upon the hypothesis, lie ori ginally inserted almost as a matter of course. The plan of the cummittco provides that “ no law shall be passed (by the territorial legi.slalyfes) in reyptcl to, African slf very.” This was -a provision, we believe, in the Cluyton Compro mise bill, hut wo never liked it, os it struck down the prin ciple of local self-government,and, npon the hypothesis (which it at least possible) that the Mexican laws remain in force nntil repealed, it also excluded the South from the territories. We shall be among the last, however, to per sist in objections to a plan which may give repose to the country, without sacrificing too much of tho rights aud hon or of the Southern people. ' BTHatirlfa. C. Daw*o.n, of the U. 8. Senate, will be pleased to accept our thanks for a copy of tlie speech of Mr. Toombs iu the House of'Representatives on Ihe Presi dent’s message communicating the constitution ol Califor nia. V* Telcgraphcd-ior the Charleston Courier. Arrival of tAe Niagra. Baltimore, May 8. The stoamship Niagara arrived at Halifax yesterday morning with Liverpool dates to the 27th ult. The middling qualities of cotton and Fair Up lands had advanced Jd on fair descriptions.— The sale* of the week are 51,000 bales. Brown and Shipley’s Circular agrees with the above, and says that the market presents a favorable aspect. Speculators took 15,000 bales, and tlie trade bought largely. The Committee’s quotations were for Fair Uplands and Mobiles, 7; Fair Orleans 7$ Middling qualities, 6i 6^ 6f and6§. Sea Islands, 9£ a 16d. The total stock in Liverpool was 549,000 bales, of which 359,000 were Ameri can. The Havre cotton market was active, and prices .had advanced Jd. The sales of tho week were 14,000 bales. At Liverool, flour was quiet at the same quo tation as per Canada. Indian Corn was active at Sn advance of Is. Rice, Good Carolina, 1S$ aud 19,6 for Fine. Sugar steady and in fair demand. Coffee extremely dull. Tobacco quiet. Naval Stores: 1000 bbls. Rosin, 2s lOd. Of Turpentine and Tar no sales. Freights un changed. The advices from the manufacturing districts continue promising. Brown and Shipley says that the high prices in Cotton wpre anticipated. Tho advance has been most in Uplands. - The Europa had not arrived when the Niagara left. The political news generally is unimportant. The proceedings iu Parliament were without interest. France was still excited about the elec tions. No arangement has yet taken place be tween Greece and England. The money market was easier. Consols closed at 96£. American Securities have advanced £ per cent. The new steamship Atlantic was spoken 630 miles from New York, when 45 hours out. [An average of 11 miles an hour.] ApppiNTMjy^rg BY T ]j£ President.^ consent of the Senat? ,of Tennesaee, to be envoy extraor and minister plenipotentiary of the United tates to the court of his Majesty the Eniperor of all the Russias. - Edward H. Wright, of New Jersey, to be secretary of the legation of the United States at the court of his Imperial Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias. John D. Diomatari, of Georgia, to he consul bf the Uniled'States for the port of Atbeus, in Greece. * Great Triumph! The Cars through the 'funnel! ! Oh yesterday the Cars, fortLe first time, run through the Tunnel. This is an unexpectedly early triumph, and we r corgratnlate the Contrac tors, Chief Engineers, and all concerned, in the completion of this grand work. An uninterrup ted thoroughfare is now opened between the nav igable waters of tho West, and the Southern At lantic oceaq. We shall not now hereafter, hear any complaints about delays aind detentions.—«• One thousand cheers to the State of Georgia.— Chattanooga Gazette, of the 10 Inst. From the Pennsylvanian. Gold Statistics. Wc have been kindly favored, by Col. Snow den, Treasurer, of the Mint, with the following statement: - . Gold deposits, No. 1242, inclusive, payable to-day. Gold deposits, No. 1282, inclusive, payable’on' Monday. - Gold coinage of the year 1850, to May 3d, is $5,684,865 Silver coinage of the year 1S50, to 3d May, is 114,150 The amount of California gold received at Philadelphia Mini, to the end of April, is nearly New Orleans Mint, to <he end of March, Total amount California, received from $5,799,015 811,400,000 1,970^000 $13,370,000 New York, May 8, 6| P. M. The news by the Niagara has produced no effect on the market. Cotton is firm, the sales amounting to 2000 bales, at previous prices, Rice is unchanged. Flour steady. Corn, 61. Stocks drooping. Sterling Exchange 9J. A collision occurred on Lake Erie on Mon day, between the British steamers Dispatch and Commerce, in which the latter was sunk. One officer and 24 British troops and 11 passengers were drowned. Washington, May 8. 6 P. M. Mr. Cloy made his report to-day ftbm the Compromise Committee. There is much South ern opposition to tho boundary of California, and the success of the Compromise is deemed doubtful. From the Clias. Mercury. New YoRK/ May 7—7£ p.- m. The cotton market to-day was firm, but prices unchanged. The steamships Empire City ant] Georgia have arrived from Chagres with one month’s la ter intelligence from California. The general news is unimportant. The weather was pleas ant and new mines have been discovered. There was a severe storm at the Sandwich Is lands on the 4th of March, which destroyed the coffee plantations, and several vessels, among them U. S. ship Humboldt {?] r ' Commercial affairs were depressed at San Francisco, and property was declining. Several merchants had failed. The rate of interest has been reduced. Flour, $9 per bbi.. Beef, $9; Bricks. 815 per THE SECRETARY OF WAH AND THE G ALFHIN . *?'*- CLAIM. * Oglethorpe,” the Washington correspondent of the Sa- va iunb Georgian, writes, under flute of the 3d ittst/an fol lows : “ The'committee appointed to investigate the Gal- phin claim will report On Tuesday next. The mam tiers of it differ on tbc law point*; bnt a majority of them agree that the ground on which the Attorney General allowed the fotei«n*£ t* wholly untenable. As to the focu, they are simply these. Mr. Crawford acted aa agent for the claim with a contingent fee of^half the amount recovered, after deducting expense*. When called to be Secretary of War, he told General Taylor that he had. to prosecute a claim against the Government; to which Gen. Taylor replied, that being a Cabinet Minister did not -deprive him of the rights of a citizen. Mr. Gmwfoitl. lliough h\ring another attorney, prepared;aud revised lii* arguments, and pressed the claim on tho Attorney General and the Secretary of the Treasury with great zeal, even at cabiuet meetings. Tho claim was at Iasi settled, in opposition to the decision of the Lands in Alabama “ “ Mississippi Real estate in Macon Probable loss roa^ be esti nated at From tho Sav. Georgian. Bank of the State of Georgia. We have been furnished with a pamphlet con taining a full estimate of'the business of this in stitution for the htstkix months, being tlie report made to his Excellency, the Governor, in pursu ance of the requirements of tho law passed at the last session of the Legislature. The report gives a favorable accpunt of the condition of the Bank. We publish the statement of the Cash ier, J. K. Teft, Esq., made to the Directors, which is a short synopsis from the.several tables which accompany the report. “ The following table will exhibit thfl net pro- -fits of the Bank, at each semi-annual settlement since the last general meeting of Stockholders, on the 2flth April, 1846, viz : April, 1846 $60,530 21 October, 1816 J 44,209 Iff April, 1847 81,706 62 October,'1847 - a 51,645 98 April, 1848 - - 62,962 72 October, 1848 56,024 29 April, 1849 78,670 83 October, 1849 65,070 §5 8500,Sf9 95 Average 62,602 49 By which it will be seen that the overage pro fits for each six months is $62,602 49 The Lands and real Estate yet unsold- stand cltargedupon the Books at Macon, as follows: 7,366 95 14,544 39 40,2S7 69 $62,199 03 5,000 00 10,000 00 r; Jao.ooq oo Probable ultimate loss $45,000 The estimated gain- to, the Bank, by the loss of old notes issued since 1816, aitd which may never be presented to the Bank for redemption, may he fairly considered, 1 should suppose, am- M., Coffee, 17 cts. per lb. Lumber, $60 to $100 .P^ 8 “ ffic «? nt m ® et this depreciation OI - C sti per M. Shingles, $3; Clear pork, $32 per bbl. mated ,oss on Lands and Real e8tato - New York, May 7—8 p. m. The steamship Cherokee has arrived, having left Chagres in company with the Georgia. She brings 100 passengers, and two millions of dol lars in gold. ' Georgia Railroad.—-Comparative State ment of the business of tbe Georgia Railroad in the mouth of April, 1849 and 1850: Passengers, Freight, See. Amounts. 1S50 13,763 45 . 40,642 63 54,406 08 1849 10,839 42 34,375 51 45,214 93 lncr. $2,924 03 $6,267 12 $9,191 15 Connecticut.—It will be seen that the Dem ocrats have finally elected their Speaker* in both brtnehea of the Legislature of Connecticut, and that tho gallant Seymour, and tbe other Demo cratic state officers, have been elected to the pla ces, for which they had respectively the largest number of votes at the last election. It seems to be pretty well established, that there will he little or no difficulty in electing a democratic U. ’'S. Senator, though the Free Soilers have, as us ual, formed a separate organization.—TeunsyU v an tan. ^ - * Wedding at Washington. Miss Ellen B. Ewing, the daughter of that Secretary of the Interior, was marnedin Wash ington on Wednesday evening, to Lieut. Sbor- mao, of the Army.* The nuptial party was very large, aud the happy affair passed off with great eclat. It took place at the residence of Mv. Ewing. The correspondent of the Patriot says: “ The rooms, above and below were crowded with “ belles and matrons, tnaids and madams.’ - The President was there. The Vice President waS there. The Cabinet were there. Sir H.^. Lytton Btflwer. ladyxnd suite, with many of tk6 >. Ditnplomaiiquc ««ijp, were Abe** Oflicers of , 4 the'Army apd Navy-were'there. Citizens and strangers were there; and «'a3 ’ Taylor,.Clay, Caw, Ueuton; and other* ^ Moved along like loving brothers. ' The many pleasing incidents of tbe evening, the sayings and doings of such men as Winthrop, Corwin, King, of Ala., McLean, Butler, of S. C. ^ Vinton, Pearco, Jones, of Iowa, would fill a vol ume instead of this short letter. Tbe most pleasing incident of tlie night wa?.the presenta tion to the bride of a beautiful bouquet, by one of the tallest pluihes of this confederacyj Harry i