Newspaper Page Text
'WO DOLLARS I'Ell ANNUM IN ADVANCE
POOR
rjR
-rw
1 i f ii !§*■
iy j|j. / h^ y
ATHENS. 01.ARE COUNTY. GEO. MAY 8, 1861.
.»«
VOLUME XXX—NUMBER 9.
SOUTHERN
Mb
H. A. LOAVRANCE,
Resident DENTIST.
Oct 10.
, T .. i ATHENS, GEORGIA.
cfci J.\ii/ jjjo.ll/} j OFFICE—College Avenue, Athens, Ga
| i.M>i:r.3«>N . RKt»r. |
l.dilors and Proprietors. j
or nr K r P*STA1 US, No. 7 Upanitk Uow »
TERMS r 3 l»i»“ i»rofr*ait>iml avrvicca
n r of Athni- m
I)R. W 31. KING.
T'VO DOLLARS PRU ANNUM. IN ADVA NT;:
romiltin^ 810 $*» n«Kun
co • »«*•. will ho .-r ill.
Am rUn*r fniitnir to
iiroTo discontinue u\t> !«uto<*ri;iti«»ii •
lion »f the time for w’ U*!. it )u- V*
i on LWotl na w:Vu»r.^ to ro:xt:»:a
linMo i**'orf\inrW.
V i V rrW\:\ t. -r. •*
till* • I it..- f.|n,u>., unlit ...l
I'M.tl
st % tun or a r>v:
:i: :
MESSAGE OFTDE PRESIDENT. I above ami < . .
To the Special Seuion if the Congreis Cer.- j iz.i’ii l', Cri A‘i (!
vened at Montgomery, April 23/A, 1801. j cute the blessings
Gentlemen of the Congress : j pendenre agr-ifst
It is my pleasing duty to announce ® ias ^? c:i L -' r;iu '-- ri::
to you that the Constitution framed for l maeUr.e k r .
the establishment of a permanent gov- j mcslic aC .irs ; i e
Uumropuhir. Physician, j foment for the Confederate States has j ^ c /
Vssittnni ivrviceij to the rit |*>een ratified by CWen’ton in each of; naveL Lf * •
nri vicinity. | those States to which it was reierred.' °£' ■ ,i 'i : i : : ’* 1
.n. N.t>. ( layton s. Office, corner of *... • * .» . • - i T .• i*r ->1.» r * 1
»» nmlThomn* »lrc-etn. May a.—ty. | 1 o inaugurate the government in its j . .
.fhu.i.. j rj . mh’ipckfv *~n : l* uH proportions and upon its own sub- I*'" 0 ** ‘
• i .-j ir:. 1 * *“ ‘ ' UbSHhl. "I. Dm stantial basis ot the popular will it on- j" as ,! ? ,u " 1
Ml ; * 1:“S ly remains that election,should be l.eld j ^ '■* “
! ;yKc»:<lcnct, tl.nt recently .... ni.icd t>y Mr. , tor tllC designation of the officers toj .* t-u l . ‘
• I ' hR “ u - “• ! administer it. . |' 1M [ ,! i ir p:r
There is every reason to believe j ..’t*®‘ 1;
that at no distant day, other States U 1011 to t.'cir ,.i
m’ | identified in political principles and ! 1,1 *
| J ANimwIocntc.l in Alli.iu. an.l I... i.L,. « I . ■ J.
)igar.-
'o Se-
j Cltt
:cs, who should dare to ask aid of
officers of the law for the recovery
e- . : their property. Etubolddened hy
success, the theatre of agitation and
a regression again't the clearly express-
rI constitutional rights of the South
s'- c: n States was transferred to the Con-
: gross ; Senators and Representatives
he j were sent to '.lie common councils of
! the nation, whose chief title to this dis-
‘s. ; Unction consisted in the display 01 a
d;i j spirit id til; a fanaticism, and whose
that of the conventions which adopted | the means for effective hostile opera-
tie Constitution of 1787. They have itions.
organized their new government in all i That these assurances were given,
of its departments: the „ .functions of has been virtually confessed by the go-
the Executive, Legislativeand Judicial vernment of the United States by its j
Magistrates, are performed in accord- j sending a messenger to Char eston, to
too powerful to be suppressed by tho
orilinn<w course ofjudicial proceedings,
or by the powers vested in the marshals
bylaw.” Ho calls for at. army ofsov*
enty live thonsand men .? act as a
puss’ ainiitatue in aid of :>i. process of
anec with the will of the people as dis
played, not merely in a cheertu! aequi-
esencc, but in the enthusiastic support
of the government thus established by
themselves ; and but for the interter-
ence of the government of the United
, business w-as, not “to promote the gen- States in this legitimate exercise of the
t «niv»ll
,** lir^i
Jllarc
DR. CYPHERS, _
Athrn. unit linn takrn n
",u ll.c- Franklin l)r <-Oimnumty
interests with those
tare or ensure domestic tran
quility, ' but to awaken the bitterest
hatred against the citizens of sister
Slates by violent denunciation of their
institutions: the transaction of pnblie
was impeded by repeatedrfforts
: to usurp powers not delegated by the
I Vnsiitution, tor the purpose of impair-
; ing the security i f property in slaves.
■ -*.si reducing those States which held
arts of justice in R
give notice of its purpose, to use force | r ,, . ; s PX jgt whose inandi
if opposed in its intention of supplying j K . : s nr0 K ot cheerfully :
Fort Sumter. No more striking proof sjiected by- n willing y
of the abscence of good faith in the
conduct of the Government of the
United States towards this Confederacy
| I have p.it up
** 111 tlGnplare. I am ihi>» fully prepar<Ht
t rf..i;.t n\\ op*-ratio«* both in the mrchouiral
"pcraiivo dppnrtuiem ♦lmt may bo rcqnirctl.
uy lamily ohaHanive.l'urlhvf ntiUce will *
qual
States a wider sphere of usetulness—
and to the friends of constitutional lib
^ j erty a greater security for its harmo-
)ry|\|vu IV i 1) i: / 'T, v 1) \ ; . ' * i nious and perpetual existence.
>1 olAbi^O l/iliv-,Y. lv'll ^ • I j ton, yi >rlv »’o door A\ c »tci«n>f Frank ( It was not, however, lor the purpose
: : r --——- i ~ — — r — of making this announcement that I j r
I Dft - II - u- smitu, j have deemed it my duty to convoke j Uongrtss
I t r InieV-fKiv.' tnl'inM i'l «r..V.i«r»»i i.mre' IVlsoIesiiie atul Retail Dealer iu j >' c ’> al an earlier day tiian that fixed by U‘ ! { J u ’
live,eniHt.-rend,aJdi- |, H( (;s MKDlOINKs, PKIIFL’MBUY. voursclvcs for your meeting. The de | iu!v ‘
l’.II.XTS. OILS, DYE STUFFS, ' claration of war made against this Con- < a X ! J - ' ■
Mepietsvi. Ba.\M»v asd wtse, &c., ire., &«. federacy by Abraham Lincoln, the I :i °l '> they
l ! President of the United States, in his !
ud whirU hecouHilcmly rccoui* ! proclamation issued on the fifteenth (tu 10Ii;,: 1
can be required than is contained ill
right of a people to self-government, the circumstances which accompanied
peace, happiness and prosperity would this i otice. According to the usual
now smile on our land. coutseof navigation, the vessels coin-
That peace is ardently desired'ay j posing lilt* expedition designed lor the
this government and people, has been | relief of Fort Sumter, might be ex-1
manifested in every possible form.— i peclifd to reach Chaileston harbor on
Scarce had you assembled in February Khe 9th April; yet with our Commis-
last, when, prior to the inauguration of 1 sinners actually in Washington, detain-
the Chi* f Magistrate you had elected, i eiI under assurances, that notice should
you passed a resolution expressive of I be given of any military movement
-laves, to a condition of inferiority.— j your desire for tile appointment of com-1; he notice was not addressed to them,
Finally, a great pirty was organized missioners tribe sent to the govern-' but a messenger was sent to Charleston
;;; the purpose of v training the ?d- inent of the United States “for the | to give the notice to the Governor of
ministration of the government, with j purpose of negotiating friendly relations j South Carolina, and the notice was so
',*1
V Y I K\>K!,UN Uli
AT I.AVV
\ T rtlltMIV AT I.A
All. Vi..- IS
W . .V. v 1 - ly
1A.M AU COIVU
tin: avowed object of using its pi wer
far the total exclusion of the slave
;tcs trom all patiicipation iu the ben-
■ ■ : I • o* ■ rtits ot the public domain, acquired by
! ; ■ , v i tan-:- j the States in common, whether by
1 '•-•••* il niisjoi- j conquest cr purchase ; of sunounding
;i;v without con- ilittii entirely by States in which slave-
isteii with imp.-,
n of
tht
given at a late hour on the 8th April,
between that Government and ...~
Confederate States of America, and * the eve of the very day on which the
for the settlement of all questions of I ileet might be expected to arrive.—
disagreement between the two govern-j l'hat this manoeuvre failed in its pur—
ments upon principles of right, justice, pose was not the fault of those who
equity mid good faith.’’ ' ' contrived it. A heavy tempest delayed
It was my pleasure ns well as my the arrival of the expedition, and gave
ttli nnpn-! ry should be prohibited ; ot thus ren- j duty, to co-operate with you in this j time to the commander ot our forces
jy const:- ileiiiig the property* iri slaves so inse- work of peace. Indeed, in my address I at Charleston to ask and receive the
ei!»J* lr. tilt* Vi
Ailu-iin, Junr
fift*? 4 t DENTIST,
ii l i r h l bii W ) I \\ ATKlNSVIlXEUajoapo.-tfullyaolicitatbo
• » . n y | . i • .3 T !';>'• rwRnjjo tl»o t*umu!n.lin^ country.—
•m Al.. \ t > a , 11 a »• r u.I fl'iMuciiuu will bo given iu their inotcWlou.
1'fJFi: on r ■ ivv S;r.*»i, mvc: i .o sm ic J •••
o
FOUE i:\UU0\Y
TVtIUNIlY I AW
V. CUYLER,
RESIDENT DENTIST.
V.IU.Il" (l. lilll.OW,
A norm*) :it litm .
ATHENS, GA.
^ OOllSI oji Hrond Street. Entrauccnext door
to the Insurance office.
January J:».
day of the present month, rendered it
necessary, in my judgement, that you
should convene at the earliest practi
cable moment, to devise the measures
necessary for the defense of the coun-
,r y*
The occasion is indeed an extraor
dinary one. It justifies me in a brief 0
review of the relations heretofore ex
isting between us and the States which
now unite in warfare against us, and in
a succinct statement of the events
their
eipie.-
ruptc
the i
exert':, t oi, cure ns to be eompaiatively worthless, | to you on taking the oath of office, and j instructions of tnis government. Even
.. mu e tii" p: m- j and thereby annihilating in effect prop-1 betorc receiving from you the comma- j then, unde r nil the provocation incident
m.i been cor-j c-ty worth thousands of millions of I nitration of this resolution, l had said, i to the contemptuous refusal to listen to
mind, tli
live
be
sserts s a-
ecnis to he
of the Co
11 cas :s the
in another
s.i’.n.' C'liicf
to liken the
•'em ; amt
i.iiec, the
late
mi
••r i. m
. tv -if.
TRO."!?'
Y Tii )i: m: v
s U lHLlilllh
AT I.AU . Ailiri...
,t A S. .*. M.ti. Ml,,!.:
DR. f. R. I.OMKARD.
kEXTIST. ATIlEXS.OKOKniA; Koom, in
9 bnilU’ij^ with North of ^>fliro.Col-
Avrn to. JVb P—'y.
which have resulted in this watefaie
to the end that mankind may pass in-, . evlsl L ff :v ‘'
telligent »n<l impartial judgment on j l!l 11
its motives and object*. w
During*the war waged againxt Great ;:n: ‘ Uiin-.i,
: Rritain by her colonics on this conti- ’ t,a ‘ l K;iU .'.'
D. <i. t ANKLE”,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
rAr : ( . ir. A II. R. J. LONG, , . „ . .
-i. ' I \ VROLKSALR and r. tail l)ru S «is t ,. Athon. “ ent , f common danger impelled them
— »? tin. (.r-in.u I to a close alliance, and to the iorma-
! tion of a Confcdeiaticn, bv the terms
F. II. LITAS,
, . \\f IIOLKSALEanJ rotiiildoalrr in Dry Goods,
f T (irociorit-H, llurdwnro,»\cc.,>io.i, l^rond et.
of which the coionics, styling thet
It. L. ULOOMFIELD,
^■^/"HOI-KSALE and retail Clothing Store,
m r*
T. 33.
■ * V \T I. IVi — Afh
. Gvorgi.i,
r.WnlUtn.
lt.irt. K iiori, O^lr
ft, Athens, Ga. [May 10.
T. GISHOF ir SON,
HOLES ALE an«l Retail dealers in Grocer •
v 7 i* H, llRrJAvi.ro and Stnnlc Dry GooiIk, No.
in. I May 1
l lit wad St. A the
selves States, entered “severally into , • s >oui.:ir:i, ;
a firm league of iriendship with ea.h i powers
other ftr their common defense, thr • Iffy'S ■ ■
security of their liberties, and their ma,lU . ! ' ,r ;'
mutual and general welfare, binding ; l ' ; - ^ ‘i o
themselves to assist each other against j "iqre has
all force offered to, or attacks made , | ur > •* ,u:! * 1
upon them or any of them, on account * ,n -
of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any j nlia “ L ‘ i! . ;
other pretense whatever.” j prenens, u
In order to guard against nny mis- j voted lo’.t
construction ol their compact, the sev-1
ol ais. This party, thus organized, J “.is a necessity, not a choice, we have our Commissioners, and the tortuous
succeeded in the month of November resorted to the remedy of separation, course of the Government of the Uni-
iast, in the election ri i's candidate lor and henceforth our energies must be ted States, I was sincerely anxious to
tin* Presidency ot the United States, [directed to the conduct of our own nf- avoid the effusion of blood, and direct-
In the mean time, under the mild hairs and the perpetuity of the Confed- cd a proposal to be made to the cotn-
.iml genial climate of the Southern jcracy which we have formed. If a | mandcr of Foil Sumter, who had
States, and the increasing care and at- | just perception of mutual interest shall • avowed himself to he nearly cut of
:C i lion lor the well-being and comfort of j permit us peaceably to pursue our se- ] provisions, that we would abstain from
t‘-'| the laboring class, dictated alike by in-j parate political career, my most cam-j directing our fires on Fort Sumter if
erest and humanity, the African slaves est desire will have been fulfilled.” i he would promise not to open lire on
h-. 1 . 1 *",*! ■ l! a>1 :,,1 " ,!U '!‘ted in number from about ; It was in furtherance of these accor- jour forces unless first attacked. This
..yi.e | 000,000, at the date ol the adoption Gant views of the Congress and the [proposal was refused and the conclu-
’ the constitutional compact to up-1 Executive, that I made choice of three [Sion was reached, that the design of
i . 0 | ■1.000,000 In moral and j discreet, able and distinguished citi- j the Un'ted States was to p'ace the
• - ■ . social cuiH.itio'i, tney Lad been elevn- zens, who repaired to \\ ashingtun.— J bestiging force at Charleston between
' . idlI horn brutal savages into docile, in- j Aided by their cordial co-operation, and th • stmu.tatieous fire of the fleet and
_, t' lngeut and civilized agricultural la- that of the Secretary of ;tate, evt iy j the furt. There remained, therefore,
joiners, and supplied not only with j effort compatible with self-respect and I no a'ti t native but to direct that the
.‘.u .i . bodily coinlorts, but with carelul reli- jtho-dignity ot the Confederacy, was ex- Fort should at once lie reduced,
v 7 * iff’'7 s '‘Ustruction. Under the super- hausted before I allowed myself to j order was executed by General Beau-
“ l I v i>i> n o 1 a supe ior race, their labor yield to the conviction that the govern- j regard, with the skill and success which
;i.-.d been so directed as not only to j ment of the United Stales was deter- I weie naturally to be expected from the
allow a gradual and marked amcliora-! mined to attempt the conquest of ti.is | well-known character of that gallant
tion of their own condition, but to con-1 people, and that our cherished t opes j officer; and although the bombardment
vert hundreds ot thousands of square i of peace were unuttainable. (lasted but thirty-three hours, our flag
u iles of the wilderness into cultivated j On the arrival of the commissioners j did not wave over its battered walls,
hinds covered with a prosperous pco-j in Washington, on the 5th of Match, I until after the appearance of the hos-
|.!e; towns and cities had sprung into j they postponed, at the suggestion of a | tile fleet off Charleston. Fortunately
: Cl),
t-s of j
mill,
ANItUEIV
TTIIU.MIV AT
li'.RKY
«.A*.V. .Irff
till It. .1. .Mali,
R, .i.
A TTouxr.v
J k rolllillr. ,«
vY \\ . T. MILL!! YN,
r I,AW—Will pr.n-tii-o inttii'
t* #, »r« uii. uu«» lit*'
A. M. WING,
axyitm.KSAl.F.nn, ltelail Denier in Hnril-
1 V ware, Crocker nmt House Furniehinj;
loutlr/im- door),clow a.L. Bloointicta'sClotirma
Store /.tlieas, (ia.
Jnu.,, ISOS
J. Mil.1.1C \N*.
J-ir.-rson, Ga.
Sept, lit—Iv
llan. i
Mll.I.t-
T. II. WILSON & BROS.,
t\rnOU:SAI.F. .\ retail "onlem in Dry Good*
V V (Iroeerier, llarilware, Crockery, Ac.,Son. 3
Ill'Ll. & I!ILIA Eli.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
rinilEumlenl^n^d liavhi^aHSH'ialetl tliom^elvrs*
Ji. in tlt<* prnriu*«* <*l* law, will nttwiJ.
t:>«• o>vt-ra! (’'Mirlt* in ill** V.'« HVrn Circuit, am’
Livf In ir join; j.ci>onal »i:i* ii t<> all bu?»:»'•?»
vuil !, College Avenue, Athene, Citi
M re l
J. F. O’KELLY,
PUOTOUHAPU ASO AMRUOTYPE
vision was
ARTIST.
Mini- •■(l to Hi,
GEO. HU.I.YKU, I WM.lI.Hl’U,,
Mooroo, Gn. | Allien?, Gi..
yulv 1.’,—Is.
R OOVIN on
•tore of J,
inarch 60
llroad tu.cl Spring -Orcein, over the
itip IC Xlnttfiewi,, Athena, Ga.
NOTICE TO PLANTERS!
31. M. PITTMAN.
A TTOK.VEV-t Kuw, JeiTerMin, .Ineka
ly, Gn..m'J1 i
entrUHtfJ t«
his*«
J-uunr
Three Thousand Pairs nf the Pat
NELR0 SHOES IN THE WORLD!!
Marie by McClcikiy 4 Duple.
JOHN H. Ill LL,
V TTOUXEY AT LAW. Aoprt.a, Ga
Httenil promptly to nil hurinc
AT/’K will keep a Rood assortment el
T V iht-sc ai the store ol Messrs. PU-
liin
Man.s.
IV. IV. LUMPKIN,
V TTOItXKV A »' I.AVV.Atl.eiis.Geercin
Will praelioein nil tin* eoimiioHof tlio Ww
1<rii Oireuit. Fart ieulur at lent ion givi'n 10 collect
in:;. OfH,-cover Win X White". It-iok-.lore,-oi
ihr -orner'cif Hr au-street anil C’olleyo Avenue.
Jan Ji—ti
ner, Enolanil & Fremnan.in Alliens, whore
I Mr. .UeGleskey will be lour.d at all limes,
I ready ta wait upon cii&mmirs. Wo will
sell ihe,e shoes iu lots, Iroiu 10 pair up, at
SSl.50 per pair.
, ('ash will be piiiJ for Hides,
j Oct S3 McCI-.ESKEY *■ DOYLE.
T8UBMOKO
jVttoi
ISAAC MAYES.
Importer of
%VriLL nrai tiro hi hi |>aiin
If li^on’l.uk. irall.tn. Ja
tOMD^NORTH, IruIXE WIRE,
nejc* at Xjc-ixx , aici sta, ga.
. the nu
; tciiiou
: by a
prohib
' ce t.iii
lh\ I, Knhun. \Vliit«‘, Ki
•Uain of ll.c Woatern Tin-
ivii of i.»o .W rilu*:n € ire
iiJ.iN iJual am'. jtJi.J n*.*• i
.rit?*l«•«! to them. Tiuwoi
» in tlif*
oil, (iwinmrlt,
m.kt, Habrr
Ihu nml Mad.
i ili L'ivo lluir
VitriMTft CM-
ilcbis will to-
•SAM
< Ivor
Ail
nifJi.M «M>, j JOHN IJ. NORTH,
l onir>*' Dili;' Moiv, - JctTc raon. Jfu k-on <•<
Gn. Of. 1$ if
JMES JJOKSON, I N. L
V. S.—-During Mr
Ifin, buain«*aa U*!!or
tirm n: Lnn'it*n<*«*vi
lii TCHINS, Jr..
. r«M»« t villo, (»a
L*i*M*d to ll.c*
SfJ»t JO- 11
SMMSiSKI 03SILL
ATTORJMEV AT LAY.'W,
HOMER, RANKS C0„ (JA.
CRAWFORD .V STAPLER,
SU ( KSSUlIt, TO T. CltAVVFOliD,
V O TJ, l!m»d utroft, under the* Bnnnrr Ofiicr
1* ' vl VV a , V‘ n j. a “ 1< C . ot t'wnfv nud sin era | States made explicit derlarntion, • :<M
In Goods. Groffrif-*, Hardware. I to. ns ami;. ... . , r . . ^ ...... :
stnK-r. flats and Cape, aid many other tbiasatuo j ID a distinct Klticie, that “«acA State : Lena111 '
mm.ciuuai,, imiiiion aitoiwbich wiiit.e».jid veiy j rt Utins its sovereignty, freedom and in- I SO'ss a ;.i:ge juj
' U> ' dependence, and every power, juris- popnhuiiin ei'i:.-;.-
diction and right which is not by this j imported into t.
Confederation expressly delegated to the nu ''* u ’ r 1 e;:.,t; ..
United States in Congress asstinbled.’’!
Under this contract of alliance, the 1 * !c ol ’
war of the revolution w.as sue, essfull y • ti*i*tei; i.ym -.v.
waged, and resulted in the treaty 0 f' co^tnzeii tn the (
peace with Great Britain in 1S73 hy
tlie terms of which the several States
weie each by name, recognised to be
independt nt.
The articles ol confederation con
tained a clause whereby all alterations
were prohibited, unless confirmed I y
the Legislature of er ry Stoic, after be- ’ 1 uil ‘ ;
ing agreed to by the Congress ; and in 10 Longicss an
obedience to this provision under the ut,r tl ‘ r c ; ^‘ a!t ‘
resolution of Congress of the 21st:
February, 17S7, the several States up- t '|- s P 1 ff ” '
pointed delegates who attended a eon , (■‘lui.ii'.g it t.. :.i
vrntion “for the soli and express pur■ j government.
poseof revising the articles ot confed- 1
eralion, and reporting to Congress atul ern ^ lRt V s 0 ’
the several Legislatures, such altera- j y c contuni iin-i
tions and provisions theiein as shall j 1 . cor >''eisi- a
when agreed to in Congress, ancl con- j L '“ l
firmed by the Slates, rtnder the Fed-! “ ctw
ertl Constitution adequate *.o the ex- j
igencies of government and the preser-1 i
xation of the Union.” iP rohll,s
It was, by the delegates chosen, by j 1 lle
the several Slates, under the resolution j a U r ( °i’
just quoted, that the Constitution of j P a . ‘ ,c I"_ K ’ C ol
the United States was framed in 1737,
and submitted to the several States for
ratification, as shown by the 7th article,
which is in these words.
“The ratification of the Conventions
of nine Slates shall be sufficient for the
establishment cf this Constitution be
tween the States, so ratifying the same.”
I have italicised certain words in tl e
quotations just made, for the purjio.se
ot attracting attention to the singular
and marked cauti.n with which the
States endeavored, in every possible
form, to exclude the idea that the sep
arate and independent sovereignty of
each State was merged into one com
mon government and nation ; and the
earnest desire they evinced to impress
on the Constitution its true char.icter
\ V • ftrtstence, and had rapidly increased j Iriemlly intermediary, doing more than ! not a life was lost on 'our side, and we
( y j hi wealth and population undet the so- j giving inlormn! notice of their arrival, j were gratified in being spared the ne-
..s j.v. r firs 1 system ot the South; toe white , 1 his was done with a view to a fluid > cessity of causeless effusion of blood
population ot the Southern slavehold-j time to the President, who had just hy the prudent caution of the officers
! A
■s had augmented from about j been inaugurated, for the discharge o!
I at the date ol* the adoption other pressing official duties in the or-
ot the Constitution, to mote than 8,- | ganization of his administration, before
600,00 in 1SG0; and the productions | engaging his attention in the object ol
. oMhe South'in cotton, rice, sugar and I their mission. It was not until the
*'* j tobacco, ior the tail development and j 12th of the month that they ollieiallv
V'.’ ,m0 j '•onrt-nuanee ot which, the labor of addressed the Secretary ot State, in-1 brilliant affair.
I : ’-1 African slaves was, and is, indispeusa- j forming him of the purpose of their j in this
the laboring
is Mil slaves
ics, by the
wiio commanded the licet, in abstain
ing from the evidently Dili! ■ effort to
enter '.he liaibor for the relict of Major
Anderson. 1 icfer to the rcjiort of the
Secretary of War and the pajiers whicl
.tccotupaiiy it for further details of this
ic, had swollen to an amount which arrival, am! stating in the
and pro-1 formed nearly three-fourths ot' the ex- j
s< ny t.ie , ports of the whole United States, and
the;r instructions their wish “to make
Congress
anterior to
had become absolutely necessary to
1 r K11 i ,or * | the wants of civilized man.
! ff With interests of such overwhelming
0 I magnitude imperilled, the people of
a the Southern States were driven by
:1 j the conduct of the North to the adop
tion of some course of action to avert
the danger with which they were open-
ly menaced. With this view,the Leg-
islatures of the several States invited
the people to select delegates to Con-
versions n be held for the purpose of
, . , - ! tletcjinining for themselves what mca-
' p ,! ‘ e . * * lll, ‘ j sures were best adapted to meet so
! .liipropttieii.s to ' alarming a crisis in their history.
vc labor, whist 1 **
ase at the South.
■ n ot power
o’.; u io any n,an-
O.lj K_! VC. lictii-
t at of the own-
priniwty, or ex-
niotcction cf the
Here it may be projier to observe
that from a period as eatly as 1798,
opening of negotiations, assuring the
government of the United States, that
the President, Congress and people of
the Confederate States, earnestly de
sire a peaceful solution of these great
questions ; that it.is neither tl eir inter
est nor their wish to make any demand
which is not founded on he strictest
justice, nor do any act to injure their
late confederates.”
To this communication no formal
reply was received until the 8th of
April. During the interval, the Com
missioners had consented to waive all
questions of form. \Y ith the firm resolve
connection 1 cannot refrain
trom a well deserved tribute to the no
hit* State, the eminent soldieily quali
ties ot whose people were so conspic
uously displayed in t he port of Chari* s-
t<>n. Fi t months they had been irri-
tated hy the spectacle of a fortress held
within their pitncijial harbor, as a stan
ding' menace against their peace and.
independence Built iu jiart with theii
own money, its custody confided with
their own consent to an agent who
held no power over them oth r than
such as thej had themselves delegated
for their own benefit, intended to be
used hy that agent lor their own pro
tection against foreign attack, they s iw
it held with persistent tenacity as a
means ot offence against them by the
to avoid war it possible, they went sn | very government which they had es
far, even, as to hold, during that lone tablished for their nmtwfmn Tl.n.
Cv£)~ Imported Uy Inmsel; and warranted
Pore, and sold as low as any Northern
House.
flTOrders promptly attended to.
Oct 25 tf
ISAAC M. KFNMEY,
ST HJ® ©S.B8TSIS1B.
i nBTl'KSS thanks to bis friends and .a
JACKSON ck HUTCHINS* „
V rroit N rA S Vi- LA \Y.—Will practice i ** uro,, » J'^ 1 " for l*''l I'' ,trou, « e . respectfully
in lu.n.miiip ,* lt - • w* • * l nxki* a coniinoiinreof their favors,
son. ....I UHlI.of Z' W .'»I,.r,I' n'I.t Vl." Zh.ty of i i.VUood. chesp, secummodalingterms.
Kor.ytn «»f tl»c* Him* Ki l'i* ('.n uit.
IL
Jn
ATHENS STE.UI COMPANY
M
W 1 !v. 1 h
C.'iir
i»f t!io Western
eii to his care,
Ki*n ,
*’*• vilie, Ga,
11. Lumpkin,Tims
Joi*e,.l ||. ilankr
IJisu. h;—if.
J. It*. HANCOCK,
A TTORXKV A T I. \ \V, Dun
will prn. lii-1- in thr r.inmie* ol' Jucluon
(’hnk, utmlison, Hart, O^lctlioriie and Eittrl.
Oi l, JS ly.
R. Mi'KKKKOX, Agist a Scr r.
AM'KACTCREUSor Clrcslnr Nan
.11 ills, Sili-nm Enjinra,, fon-iii^and lift
inn FL’MI’S.Sh.ttiso sftni JI.chixirt; Mill
Gin, nisi iiHotberkindofGEAUIXG. Iron ar.d
Hka»-Casting iof every detw-ription. SMITH
ING, lti-),siriiiz nud Kinisliin.e jir* ptly eicou
led. Svleot naUerus of Iron Fencing, «e. Terms
vash. Mr.y 14 It
FaAIRBANKS
SCALES.
J^OLD ai Manufacturers prices
^ T pkiimp a. cr\v
T. BISHOP &. SOX.
Athens. October 6 1850.
MEW GOODS!
-MR. STIEXERT, ORR & yOUMGKtN’S t
PHOFiriSSOB OF IV1TTSXC
U ’Gt GO reitpeei fully r.iuru liis tlio.iks to t ti
ntisiMo 01 a H .art for ih
be.-:o\YfU upon him l;n*t yoar, nn«l;
i »• li;o* rcMuitoJ ti t* (iuu -K of ui?
1 kind jnu ronr.j
uforiiitf litem ttm
I vIN l INL r AIN i 1\4»! PA INTI Ms
f|'*l St uu,torsi i ;u,-,t „ „ul,l
i of A»l,.-nsni.il vir
rrilliV are now receiving, their Spriog Stock
X of lia’*. Caps. Boots and Shoe*. Call toon.
Athene, April ikl, I Mil.
i il.f
t*st I
ucr, nil work iu bin iuif
lMmii. lion no, fI *u rm fun
nmi umrbU inir of n i.l. ei
* L<T Ort:rn*froVn
vtiiny^ee, o» toe eomrv
Ataene, Aug.» l8kD
»im»oHnee to tl.o rit
iliity. that he will «•*
i»si wurkinnuhko innii
DoMtoVb nt short n »l ; e»
uro pu.niiti^e ; Grainier
pnpcr-lnnijpujj, ^|,
AA'i^hborinif. tnwim,
promptly ait curled to.
' M. liOXE.
THE ADAMS EXPRESS OFFICE.
H AVfJSO been remuv,sl to il 0 Lnmoku
Hoa,c Baildinj, persons bavin?
witti .aid Cwmpsny -will take due u.n,«'tiffr'w7
end govern tbcaisclves <rdir.jj; v ."
A kent- c t J tb. iso]
T. 51 LAMPKI.V .\ ,
racjacz: jbbz 9
g A M now selling iny sloi-k of Boots, Shoes.
Cepe. Ac.
_ nt cost for cash ouly, son „ vr , r „. c | v
I uinkono new accounts willi any one foi the y*pii-o»iy
•nsuing year, except a very lew by '.perinl con
rnvt. 'l l.use indebted to me, wll make imme-
Jiatopayment as I am d*-siroab of dasiugmy
business as soon as possible. F. I1AKHY.
J « n -J
(HEAP L00DS—SPRING-1861.
jV EV, Goode are bring received and sojd every
1* day. Call »oon and get ban-tiui.
*•'•'* J.M.!
April J.
bacon, LICD, FLOUR, MEAL.
fj RAND as Cheap as can tic told in this mar-
MsrchVl^t. I. M. KENNY.
out harboring
quiet jiossession -,vns
by those who were i:r
by want of vonsti it;.,,
by goo<l faitii ns vet
quieting a title etnr.a.,
selves.
As soon, however,
States that jiroiiibiieff
within their limits hod. reach
ber sufficient to give L.t ir i
tion a controlling voice in
gross, a p rsistent anti organized sys
tem of hostile measures against the
rights of the owners of slaves m the
Southern States was ittaugernied, ami
line:
' i Democratic party of the United States,
' i repeated in its successful canvass ol
j ISriG, the declaration made in nuiner-
orthern j.ous previous political contests, that it
slavery j would “■Faithfully abide by rud uphold
v. mini-1 the principles laid down in the Kcn-
ent
gradually extended. A
ries of measures was vie
ecuteii for the purpose
that of a compact between indepen- secure the tenure ol propciiy in
dent States. fanatical organizutiot s, supplictl wit!
The Constitution of 1SS7 having, money hy viJuntary sm..-criiitiors,
however, omitted the clause already Were assiduously engaged in exciting
recited from the articles of Ocnfedef- j amongst the si r.es a sjririt of disnon
ation, which pibvided in explicit terms, j *e*nt and tevnlt; menus were imr.ished
that each State retained its sovereignty tjr ** ie * r escape trom thetr ovvnets. and
and independence, some alarm was agents seetel.y employe.I ij entice
felt in the States when invited to ratify ! l * ieia absci nu: the con*, it :t:onal
the Constitution, lest this omission j provision tor their ..eiuhtion to me t
should be construed into an abandon- ; owners was first evaffci, then opcoly , | oj . self-preser-afton, the people of the
ment of their ci erished principle, and. j denounced as a v ioh«ion ot _ dmsi..e.i-, Confwl ‘ ratc Sta * es ia their Conventions
ludeco, it is obvious, that [ ful intentions; of the determination to j and jirivations of a protracted seige ;
th their patience wa>
nal for attack, and
ned their steady anil
•t—even in the very tno-
they evinced a chi-
of any change of intention on the sub- ’ valrous regard for the feelings of tin
jeet, notice would be given to the C< m- j brave but unfortunate officer who had
missioners. The crooked paths of ffi j been compelled to lower his flag. All
plotnacy can scarcely furnish an exam-j manifestations of exultation were
pie so wanting tn courtesy, in candor cheeked in his presence. Their com-
, . .. Etui directness, as was the course of j mantling general with their cordial ap-
jirt: ciita-1 tui-Ky and N irg nia resolutions in 1798, i the United States Governmer.t towards j proval anil the eotisent of this govern-
toe I'on-1 and in the report of Mr. Madison to j our Commissioner* in Washington,— ; ment, refra-ned Irotn imposing any
.■ic > iigi: ia 1 egislature in 1/99; and ; For jtroof this, I refer to the annexed | terms that could wound the sensibilities
that it adopts those princijiles as eon- j documents marked .taken in con-! of the commander of the fort. He
stunting one ot the tuain foundations i ncctifin with the lurther tacts which 1 was permitted to relit® with the honors
ot us political creed.’’ , now proceed to relate. of war—to salute his flag, to depart
i’he principles thus emphatically an- • Early in April the attention of the
nouueed, embrace that to which I have whole country, ns well as that of our
already adverted, the right cf each commissioners, was attracted to extra-
State to judge of, and redress the ordinary preparations for an extensive
military nnff-naval expedition iu New
York aid other northern jiorts. These
preparations, commenced in secrecy,
for an expedition whose destination
was concealed, oi.ly became known
when nearly completed,and on the 5th,
6th and 7th April, transports and ves-
exercise of a right sj ancient, s vis nf war, with troop*, munitions and
established, and so necessary
i pros
ing : ii-
wrongs of which it complains. These
princ.pl -s were maintained by over-
j whelming majorities of the people ot
all the States ot the Union at different
elections, esjiecially in the elections of
| Mr. Jefferson in 1805, Mr. Madison in
180D, and Mr. Pierce in 1S52.
Iu th
so well
they refused to be satisfied until amend- “ous obligation and .* .igtons du.y - j ll .. termilje(1 tha{ thc w 0Ijps whicJ , th
ment? were added to the Constitution, > lut n were taught tn.it it ju _i mc.it to i ha< , S(lirere ,j. nnil , lie tvi j s w{)h whic f,
placing beyond anj^pretence of doubt, e |ude » d.sooey, and vtoleul.y op k-e thc menaced, required that they
■ the execution oi tiie law's enacted to . *,. . , j
,, r • stiouiii revoiic the uc egation of power
secure the performance of the premise , t * > . r , 6 . . . ,
co,.tamed in the eensUturionnl com- i ° hu Government which they
pact; owners of slaves were mobbed ‘ !,a:! raUhe<1 ,n thfc ‘ r several Con ' cn -
the leserrxtion by the States, of all
their sovereign rights and powers—not
delegated to thc United
States by the Constitution.
Strange indeed must it appear to
the impartial observer, but a is non
the less true, that all these carefully
worded clauses proved unavailing tu
prevent the rise and growth in the
Northern States of a political school
which has persistently claimed that the
government thus formed was not a
compact between States, but was in ef
feet a nation|1 government, set up
freely with all his command, and was
escorted to the vessel in which he em
barked, with the highest maiks of re
spect from those against whom his gun*
had been so recently directed. Not
only docs every e»ent connected with
tin* seige reflect the highest honor on
S.utli Carolina, butthe Uitbearance ol
her people and of this government,
from making any harsh use of a victo
ry obtained under circumstances o!
such peculiar provocation, attest to the
military supplies, sailed from noithern \ fullest extent tiie absence of any pur
ports bound southwards. Alarmed by j pose beyond securing their own tran-
so extraordinary a demonstration, the i quilivy* and the sincere desire to avoid
Commissioners requested the delivery • the calamities ol war.
of an answer to their official eoinmuni-j .. 5’c-ticely had tho President of the
cation
upon rece
ply dated
month
ring the whole interval, whilst the Com
pany of the Northern States, and laws
were passed provii.ing for the punish-
rneut by ruinous fines and long con
tinued imprisonment.iu jails ami peni
tentiaries, of citizens of the Southern
Having done this, they proceeded to
form a new compact amongst them-
stives, by new articles of confederation,
which have been also ratified by thc
conventions of the several States with
an approach to unanimity far exceeding
missioners were recet ing assurances
calculated to inspire hope of the suc
cess of their mission, the Secretary of
State and the President of the United
States had already determined to hold
no intercourse with them whatever; to
refuse even to listen to any of the pro- ,lou
posals they had to make, and hatl pro
fited by the delay created hy their own
assurances, in order to prepare secretly
nfedcracy which
has proinjitel mo to convoke yon. In
this cxtiaordinary production, that high
functionary affects total igaoranco ot
existence of an Independent ^Govern-
uient, which, possessing the entire and
enthusiastic dovotiou of its people, is
exercising its huietions without ques
tion . ver screa sovereign States—over
more than five millions of people—and
over a territory whose area exceeds
half a million of square miles. He
terms sovereign States “combinations
s where no
and do-
od and re*
c.o. Ho a-
vows that“the first service to he as
signed to the forces called out,” will
he. not to execute the process of
courts, but to capture forts and strong
holds situated within the admitted lim
its of this Confederacy, and garrisoned
by its troops; and declares that “this
i-ffort” is intended “to maintain the
perpetuity of popular Government.”
lie concludes by commanding “tho
persons composing tho combinations
aforesaid, to wit: the live millions of
inhabitants of those States, “to retiro
peaceably' to their respective abodes
within twenty days.”
Apparrcntly contradictory asaro the
terms of this singular document, one
point was unmistakably evident. The
President of the United States called
for an army of seventy five thousand
men whoso first service was io he to
naptitio our forts. It was a plain de
claration of war which I was not at
liberty to disregard, because of my
knowledge that under thc Constitution
• if the United States the President was
usurping a power granted exclusive to
the Congress* lie is the sole organ
of communication between that country
and ftrt-ign powers. The law of na-
lions did not permit me tn question the
authority of the Executive of a foreign
nation to declare war against this Con-
r'eacracy. Although I might have
refrained Irotu taking this active meas
ure fir our detence if the States of the
Union had all imitated tho action of
Virginia North Carolino, Arkansas*
Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri, by
denouncing the call for troops as an
unconstitutional usurpation of power
to which they refused to respoud, I
was not at liberty to disregard the fact
that many of the States 6eemed quite
content to'subinit to tho exercise of
tho power assumed by iho President
of the United States, and were actively
engaged in levying troops to be used
fur the purpose indicated in tho proc~
tarnation.
Deprived of the aid of Congress at
that moment, I was under the necoss-
This ! by of confining my action to a call on
the States for vohuteer’s for the com
mon defence, in accordance with tho
authority you had confided to mo be
fore your adjournment. I deemed it
proper further to issue proclamation .
inviting application ftom persons dis
posed to aid our defences in private
armed vessels on the high seas, to the
end that preparations migl t be made
for the immediate issue of letters of
marque and reprisal, which you alone,
under the Constitution, have power to
grant. 1 entertain no doubt you will
concur with me in the opinion that in
ihe iibs i.oe of a Ueet of public vessels,
it w.ll i « eminently expedient to sup
ply t,.eir place by priv). ) armed ves-
*ele. *.n> happily styled 1 j the public
a;.-* .it the Voiled State - * “the militia
. e sea, anil so oft* and justly
..d on by them as a* 1 a-ient and
• arable instrument i>- auiive war-
a,e I earnestly reco.,vme.-J t | 10 j m .
..ediate passage of a law authorizing
"« ro Accept the numerous proposals
already received. r
1 cannot close this review of the acts
.f the government of the United States
.vitliuut tefeiing to a proclamation is-
> ued t y i heir President under dnte of
•.lit 10.h inst., in which, after declarin'*
that an insuriection has broken out in
his Confederacy against the govern
ment of the United Staffs, he announ-
i. s a blockade of all the ports of these
States,and threatens to punish aa pirates
ail persons who shall molest any vessels
■f tho United Stntee nttder Iettersof
■ unique issued by this Government.—
Notwithstanding the authenticity of
ibis proclamation, you wil concur with
mo that it is hard to believe it could
have emanated from a President of the
United States. Its announcement of
h mere paper blor kade is so manifestly
a violation of tiie law of nations, that it
.vould seem incredible that it could have
been issued by authority; hut conceding
.bis io be the case, so far as the Execu-
ive is concerned, it will be difficult to
satisfy the peoplo of theso States that
heir lute confederates will sanction its
leclarations, will determine to ignore
lie usages of civilized nations, and
•vill inaugurate a war of extermination
•ii both a des, by treating aB pirates,
pen enemies, acting under thoouthor-
ty of commissions issued by an organ
ized guerr.inenj, If such proclama-
‘"•n was issued, it could ouly have been
published undor the sudden influence
■*f passion, anil we may rest, assured
mankind will be spared the horrors oj"
thc conflict it seems to invite.
For the details of tho administration
of tho different deparments. I refer to
the reports -of tho Secretaries which
accompany this message.
The State Department has furnished
the necessary instructions for three com
missioners who have been sent to Eng
land, France, Russia and Belguira,
since your adjournment, to ask our re
cognition as a member of the family of
nations, and to make with each of theso
powers treaties of amity and commerce.
Further steps will be taken to outer
into like negotiations with the European
powers in pursuance of your resolutions
passed at the last session. Sufficient
nmo has nut yet elajmed since the de
parture of these c mmissioners tor tho
receipt of an* intelligence from them.
As 1 deem it desirable that commission
ers or other diplomatic agents should
also l*e sent at an early period to tho
independent American powers South of
nir Confederacy, with all of whom it is
our interest and earnest wish to main-
tain the most cordial and fricnd'7 rela
tions. I suggest the expediency of ma
king U10 necessary appropriations for
that ;mrjios3.
Having been official * notified hy
•bn public authorities • t the State of
V inia, that she had v drawn frrni
i.c Union, and desired .maintain the
••lusest political relaticus with us which
it was possible at this time to establish
I commissioned the Hon. Alexander
H. Stephens, Vice President of the
Confederate States^ to repr^sent, this
Government at Richmond I am hap
py to inform you that he ba^ conclude!
a convention with th* State of Virgin