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TWO
E SOUTHERN
r|R AMUM IS ADVANCE
ATHENS, CLARK COUNTY, GEO. MAY 15, 1861.
VOLUME XXX—NUMBER 10.
IT 1JI.I3HKI) WEEKLY,
SI.EDGE & REESE,
■ ' \ M.t Im.F. I ASDEUsoNW.nr.ESE.
Ltliiors nml Proprietors.
OlTK’K l P-STAtUS, No. 7 Granitic Row
t*;:r.3S/is r
TWO DOLLARS HER ANNUM. IN ADVANCl
r- • lull* remitting 810 in mlvnnre, «i
r« *r» will W rent.
An\ suli.-wriWr failing to give notice ofhis de
- . t-» ilisconlinne hi* *nl»*<'ri(>tion at ttic oxnirn
n it the time for w* ieli it tine been pnid, mil h<
.••a idiacd^is wishing to continue it, ami bold
•dill!
•TN.. |*ny»er 'rill bo discoutinned. (except nt
oatiou of tin* editors) mil.! all *»rTonTngea ht»*
it.
it ites or a nvi:u riMiwa.
or..!., M|iinro «o.i»isiing of t wel’T lilies small
, On
D.iUn
• I til
t ted it
• i offie
i.d r.hvij> bnv
mnrkod upon
• firs'
<ly continu
early ndver
the desired
.-•■1 i
1! he jmblidied till
M.NESSDIRECTORY.
H. A. LOWRANCE,
Resident DENTIST,
ATHENS, GEORGIA.
OFFICE—College Avenue, Athens, Ga.
Oct 18.
1)R. H .M. KING.
ITom trope th ic Physieia n,
O FFR K« bin |in>fra»i<inal service* to the tit
izi-iw of Athens .net vicinity.
K.s.i.1 ~ '
nt Mrs. Clayton
Clayton and Thotuns streets.
Office, corner of
May 3.—ly.
G. I.. MetLESKLF, M. D.,
H A % I ACS pcrmnnently located in Athen«,wil
cont'i.nc tli • |ir«ct ice of Medicine nnd Surgery.
f-T'Iifi'idi'ticp, that recently occupied by Mr
Alhon Chafe. Otlie*.* at home, where be innv be
found. . March 8ib, iSiiO.
onal and Umdneps men can have
i fed under thin bead, for one year,
•"ivc Dollar* for a curd of not more-
mil fevenly livectntb loroachaddi
\ V I UWK1.IN II1LL.
rroiiMIV AT I.Atv —Athens. Geor-
oinee i.v. r ll.e lionkstore of Win X
LA.MAU COBB
ATTORNEY AT UW t
MACON, GEO.
t 11 i‘ I ( T. on A/'.iilien v Sireel. over the «tnr<
” 7 ,.i \. M. nueka'.it- r'.V O . in llonrdin.n';
i Hloek Will ..rnelieo in l.it.t,
Houston, tl iron, Twi
VOLl'iNTEKRS, ATTENTION f
THE.
RECRUITS DRILL.
Revised, Corrected and Adapted to
the Discipline or (he Present Day.
By ax Active Offices.
“ It is military discipline,” says Car
not, “ which constitutes the glory of
the soldier, and the power of armies.”
The perfection of discipline is in obey
ing promptly and correctly ; but at the
same time that the habit of obeying is
necessary, it becomes indispensable to
understand what is ordered in order
to know how to perform it. A good
discipline torms the habit to the requi
site knowledge, both of the words and
the manner of accompl.shir g what is
is ordered.
The whole art of military action may
be reduced to three principles, by
which, under various combinations of
numbers, men can be brought to move
in countl \ss forms, but all their move
ments s’ill depending on these three
elements, marching, facing, wheeling.
To acquire skill in the application of
these ptinciples should be the first ob
ject of him who wishes to btcome a
w
Xu
I'Ol'E IIART'AW
\ TTOIt>I'.V AT I.AIV Allien*, Ga
Dibi t uief Mw »V Nt n.oii s Store.
DU. CYPHERS. *
Ijiile of 3121 ledger! lie,
I ¥ AS now located in Allien* and has taken a
II euilc of room* at the Franklin Houtte. Dr
C> pliers bn* been in the practice of Dcnti*t ry fron
••arliest 3011th. IIpU aboa graduate of*oueol
"it obleni Dcntn I College*. All the improvement*,
euilorned by the prole**ion, will be introduced in
ni* practice. To ladies nnd gentlemen who may
tavi r ine with a mil, I will nav I am authorized to
refer to several person* for whom I have p-it yp
fdatc work in thin place. I am now fully prepared
to perforin nil operations both in the inechanieal
'tndoperative department *hat maybe required,
hen iny lamily thaii an ive, further notice will be
glVyll.
. Knt ranee to m3' private door Went end of Frank
'ill 0 !*!?; Aug. tf5.
I)r. It. M. SMITH,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
DRUGS, MEDICINES, PERFUMERY,
pmxts, oils, on: stufts,
MEDICINAL BdANDV AMD WINK, &C., &P„ &C. ~
I S NOW receiving nnd opening a large stork of j 1)1311.
I P'ot.!., .elected in the Noitheii.M.rkeu by him- To learn how to do anything well,
aelt withgrentra e.nnd which hecoufiilemlv recom- I .1 1 • • • .
3 the p’lhiieiis being pure. ♦ we must always keep- in mind (he end
! f. r which it is to he done. The in
tention of discipline is to produce in
a body ot armed men, such knowledge
of a common and uniform inode
cl movement, in combined numbers,
as will give the whole of a large force
the same impulse and direction in any
manner that may be required by the
general.
Il the officer, who has charge of the
by the left; generally used in chang
ing the front.
To Cover, in the mechanical dispo
sition of a battalion, company, or squad,
only means that a man is to stand in
such a position in files, as that he looks
directly forward to the neck of the
man before him.
To Defile, is to reduce divisions o:
platooDS into a small Iront, in order to
march through a defile ; which is most
conveniently done by quarter lacing to
either the right or left, and then cov
erir.g to either right or left, and march
ing through by files, etc.
To Deploy, to display, to spread out;
a column is said to deploy, when the
divisions open out, or extend to form
line on some one of those divisions.
Depth of a battalion, the number of
ranks. Infantry were formerly drawn
up six or eight deep, that is, it con
sisted of so many ranks ; but now the
render his mind familiar with the na
ture of every principle of offensive or
defensive operation.
March, this is the moving of a body
of men from one place to auother. Of
al. the mechanical parts of war, none
is more essential than t' at of marching.
It may be justly called the key which
leads to all important motions and raa-
nceveres of an army.
Milai.t, a force whose services, in a
general, do not extend the boundaries
of the nation, but which may volunteer
beyond them. The American militia
iias no coherent system ; each State has
power to regulate its own.
Motion, is distinguished from move
ment, inasmuch as the former applies
specifically to something done by an
individual, with an instrument of war;
whereas the latter is generally under
stood to mean the different changes
made in evolutions. Motion is the
line of infantry arc generally three'or i pariicular adjunct of the manuel, and
two deep. | movement, that ol evolution.
To Detach, is to send out part of t-j Muster-roll, a specific list of the of-
greal body of men on some perticular ficers and men in every regiment, troop
service, separate from that of the main I or company The names of the officers
hotly. 1 are inscribed according to rank, those
To Diminish or increase the front of the men in alphabetical succession,
ot a battalion, is to adapt the column Orders, all that is lawfully coin-
of inarch according to the obstructions; mantled by superior officers. The or-
and difficulties which it meets in ad- j tiers are; Comiuaader-in-chiefs orders,
Allien*. Jon** l>. 1p.»9.
\ DR. II. GILLELYND, DEXTIST,
| \\J ATKIXSYlLLEGnjaipoctfullyiolicitiithe
t vV i>Mrnim<(e ot the surroundin;- eountrv.—
, Full stii.facuon will bo given in ll.cir profeuion.
| April*!.
M l I,LI A M (i.
.11 fortify nl
HELUXY,
More of I. M.
March 13-if.
THOMAS AY WALKER.
V TTOKNBY AT LAW, Athens, Geor-
. i.i ( nil. e o\ r-1 A S. ,v M. !l. Mamiovill'*'*
in
D. G. ITVDLER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
V. CTJYLER,
RESIDENT DENTIST,
ATHENS, GA.
R OOM* on Hroad Street. Entrance neat door I ' ns ’ r UC |,on 01 recruits, presents in him-
j U ^nr ,auce °® < ' c ' I self a good, erect, and easy military
Ihmtcr
ivill Dvn<*tiri J in lin* conn
iHiikliu, HaberHlmxn
DR. r. II. LOMRARD.
D entist, athens.georgia; Room, in
biiild nsj with North of Oflire.Coj-
Avon »o. Fob 9— ’y.
c. w. & II. R. J. LONG,
U T'HOLKSALE and retail Dru^wta, Athrji*
<»a. j Jan.3
P. H T . LUCAS,
IMTIIOLESAI.Kani! ro?ail dealer in Drx*Goods.
▼ ▼ Grooiorict*, Hardware,*e.,No.Hroad hi.
vancing. This is one of the most im
portant movements, and a battalion
which does not perform this operation
with the greatest exactness and atten
tion, is not fit to move in the column of
o considerable corps.
Direction, signifies the line or path
of a body in motion, along which it en
deavors to force its way, according to
the propelling power that is given to
it.
Distance, signifies the relative space
which is left between men standing
under arms in rank, cr the intervals
which appear between those ranks.
J To Dress, is to keep the body in
I such a relative position as a eonlri
General orders, Garrison orders, Bri
gade orders, Regimental orders* Stand
ing or lers.
Orderlies and orderly sergeants, are
appointed to wait up in general and
other officers, to communicate orders
and carry messages. On hearing the
drum beat for orders, Ordelies are to
repair to the Orderly Room, and hav
ing taken down the orders in writing,
they ate immediately to show them to
the officers of their company, and to
warn the men for duty.
Orderly-Book, Every company has
such a book in which the sergeants
write down both general and regi
mental orders, for the specific inforina-
/» i • ” oui.ii u ivium g iwoiuuii M's ii uuuiii * I 1U i mv. oiicctin
figure Ins appearance will do more ute toward, and form a part of, an c.x- «i°n of the officers and men.
1 hun n nr vnrnnl nutni/.lwvii I .. 1 < lw. .... * . ! /■» t ■
D'l | wben , G
iJftii lib
• * • ^ > a return! poaitinnin ihe *nM couufio*, }
nili'i «>8 i'ltruHinl to hi* care will rereive prompt |
i.n ; t iiinrfliatc utltuitlon. All romimitiicali^o* I
» • b** »» It!.m! to llontcr, Unnk*county, Ga. •
’I I MM *,•'*, |M.iO.
T. M. DIME I.,
\ TTOKVKV AT S.AW —Grorcin, )
will j *r p»* I n't* 1.1 II,.' li.x.f Clarke, Walton, i
MixUp.'W. Hurt, r.llit-n, O-lctlmtivo I
W . V«- W.irr.1., 1111,1 . |
. ' 1 tffi.'i-«,: .• it.«>r nli vo filings’ Drug-stnre |
R. L. BLOOMFIELD,
iMIOI.KSAl.K
aMTIIOLKSADK nn‘l retail Clotbincr Store,
» T Hroad Strive!, AtheiiH, Ga. |Ma>' 10.
t. bishoi’Tsox, _
W HOLESALE ami Retail dealers in Grocer
ion. Hardware ami Staple Dr}* Goods, No.
I liroad St. Athens Ga. [May 1
than any verbal instruction toward the
bearing of the men. Practice, with
the object before the eye, saves a vast
rival of time, and prevents a creat
waste of words. It is too much the
pr clic to commit the charge of the
elementary drills to non-commissioned
officers ; but no officer can expect to
be competent to command a company,
much less a battalion or regiment, un
less lie lias ha la practical experience ;
and in no circumstances can an officer
so soon aeq .iie the habit of command,
or learn the mode and effect of discip
line, as by personaiy conducting the
drill of forty to a iiundred men.
He who lias the chaige ofa drill, or
who teaches others, should not himself
be ignorant; nor should lie he offended
at the ignorance nf those who never
VMiUlAY .1. IlYRDY,
•TOKNKY AT I,AW. ,1. lT.rsnn. Jack-
• >n ronn.v, (tit., will pr.iriiup hi the* f.unni* s
CRAWFORD & STAPLER,
SUCCESSORS TO T. CKAWFOHD,
> JS.r.r’.Mv '!?r I ^"'iunity to learn’; he should
p!*' Dry Goods, Groceries, Hardware, Ho »is mid ' *
■hoes, Hat* and Caps, n id many oilier thing*zoo
to meiiAon all of w hich will be sold wry
July 21.
Hbn
. with U. .1. Millit
It. J. iv H.T. MILLION,
I I’OIINKV- AT UAVV—Will pmi tioe intlie i
L «*t»u,iti«» .1 ll.o W.„,n. rirrnit, nml 1
.ii i<-« «.t M i.li^uii, Elbert, and Hart, of the
A. M. \vyx«,
V%T HOLES ALE an* Retail Dealer in Hard
▼ ▼ ware, Crocker and House Furnishing
lootls.om door below %.L. Bloomfield’s ClothinB
(«a. Jan.7,18ori
Nt.llh. i
I.’ J. MILLIGAN*.
\Y M. T
MILLICAN,
Cnrncsvillc, tin
I
. ,.t. I.- ly .
HI LL IIILIA ER.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW. !
^ HE undersigned ii.ivin^nsHoeinted themselves
e of law, will attend
Western Circuit, nml
Dent ion to all business
T. 11. WILSON cV BROS.,
W HOLESALE A retail «»ealors in Dry Goods
Groceries. Hardware, Crockery, Ac.,Nos. 3
tnd I. College Avenue, Athens, Ga.
M reh Hi
J. F. O’KELLY,
l‘!IO TOO It A I‘H AM) AMliROTYPE
! Courth in the
ji.ini personal
i;i:o HiLi.VF.R.
Mo.iroe, tin.
WMIIIICLL,
Alliens, G*».
M. M. PITTMAX.
R
ARTIST.
OOJIM on Broad aul Siiria^ streets, over the
he ‘ ~
T i l HJ.YEY Law, JcfTerson, Jackson conn
{ iv . (»M.,Nvili u. 'prompt attention to any bu.
ct»H cnirusied to his cave. January L’t— 12m
JOHN II. III LL,
\ TTORXEY AT LAW, Aucuft". Gn . will
arte..u proiuptiy to all business emrusie.i to
I... care {Jan. 8.
Vv. uTlIMPIiIN,
k TTORJKV AT l«A W, Athens, Georgia.
\V ill practice in nil I ho counties of the Wes
tern Circuit. Fartictilnr at trillion given to eollcet-
imr- fdliecover Win N White s llook*fltore, t>n
the Mirner of Bjv ad Blreet uud College Aveuuo.
THURMOND a NOBTHt
^Yttorneys at Law,
^ \riLL praetieo m co-partnership in the eoun-
f I ii ** of Cl irk. Il’alton, Jackson. Gwinneti,
/,.« I. Unban. While, Franklin, Hank*, Haber
.'..mi of iin- Western Circuit; and Unit and M id*
..I • »• .V. rihe:i» Circuit ; and will j»ivo their
icliMc.iml aitd joint attention to nil busittess eu-
.i ii'*'•-*! i.. them. Toe collection of debts will re-
civ e ini .aid a d card a I attention.
sAM L 1*. Til UlMviNl), 1 JOHN R. NORTH,
»*« i i • * i tifs’ tmi^-Moic, I Jcflerson, Jack sou co
:i. Oci 18 tf
NOTICE TO PLANTERS!
Three Thousand Pairs of Ihc Best
NEGRO SHOES IN THE IFORlD!!
Made, ly McClcskey cf- Dm/it.
W E will keep a good assortment ol
these ai the storo o! Messrs. Pit-
ner, England & Fieeumn.in Athens, where
•Mr. AfcUlnskey will be lound nt nil times,
ready to wait upon customt rs. We will
sell these shoes in lots, trom 10 pair up, at
*1.50 per pair.
Gash will be paid for Hides.
Oct so McC’LESKEY A DOYLE.
ISAAC MAYER.
Importer of
RHINE WINE,
AiuisTA.ta,
I mpnrted by himselt and warranted
Pure, snd sold as low as any Northern
House.
LVOrders promptly attended to.
Oct 25 tf
A:
.lU'KSON vV HITIHINS
i TTOKN EYS AT LAW.—Will praeliee
. % in ihc» oiiniif* »»f (Swirinett, Walton, Jack-
•• *n. i*!-.! Hull, uf the* Western, and llie count}* of
Blue Uid*o C
F»*r .vtn
,-t M ES JAI K*or, I N. L lll*TCHINS,J?..
^ftbeiiK. l*a. I Lnwrcnecvillc, Ga
1*.S - During Mr. JaeKson s absence fro uOeor
;>a, ttusim ss letters should be addressed to the
iirmnt Lawrem-rville Sept 30* if
mLL a _
ATTORNEY -A.T X t A.'W,
HOMER. BANKS CO., GA.
\t-n.fi,
* > 1 irenit. liusiiu
' • ! wir* prompt
Id » milm ks —lL»n
l; U c,*l»t». Esq , Atlo
the Courts of the Western
less i ntrusted to his care,
cm ion.
seph H. Lumpkiii.Thos.
s.Ga.; Jose,.I II Hanks,
16—11.
X
J. IV. HANCOCK,
iville.
Jacks
, Hart, Oglethorpe ami Elbert.
A TTOIt.NKV AT I.AUM><
will praeliee in thj eountie* of Jackson
MIL STIKNERT,
PHOFESSOR OF music
\ \ ’ 1 HT.D respectfully r?iuru his thanks to the
TV ei.ifiH oi Allens for t.ie kind patronage
! - * i *»;*••-» “i‘»> hist } enr,«ml informs them tha
■ «• :..is resumed the diuiet) of Ids l>rof« ssiou.
1 AI.Vil\t! l AIMlNGJ FAINTING
’I'** *■- *ni.J.-n,igne,l would announce to the rit
■ /i ni ol Aiiu'imniid \ ir'niiy, tbm be will ox
• • *>■«• I" tl.u uiMt.-at and luoil workmanlike man
II ' a.I W.ok lu I.n line ni bu»iu.v» at sluirinjl'ca
a o '.onrou!' r '-r u ! Iu paintlag: Grammy
a. marnumm of nlld.wu. ; paper bang,,, K ,
w.-. ty Oruer.tn.rn neighboring lowua,-
M.ug. s Ol mi i-outrv. promptly auedod to.
Atoon., Aug.. IS«» i M. UOXE
TUB ADAMS EXPRESS OFFICE.
H -VV'SG been removed to tbe Lumpkin
nouM! Bmtiling. persona bavin, buaiutaa
rvit.1 .aid Company “will take due nonce thereof
and govern tLeuitelvca eceordingiy.’' ’
Aa». U Ptb.l8i,l TML ' t - V1PKW * A 8‘-
Isaac n. mmy t
at Ha© ©il©
R ETURNm thunks to hi* friends and a gen
erous public for past patronage, rcspocliuay
asks n eoniinnunce of tht ir favor*.
L^'Good* cheap, accommodating terms.
J a
&TUBS8 STEAM COMPAS¥
R. .MCKKRSOJ, Agikt A SCF*T.
M anufacturers of circular nan
iRillv, Nienm Fnginm,, forcing and lift
ing PUMFS, Shaftisg an 1 M achinery; Mill
Gin, nnd all other kind ofG EARING. Ikon and
UkawsCasting *of every d««K'ription. SMITH
ING, Repairing and Fiuisi.iug pre ptly esi'cu
tori. Select patterns of Iron Fencing, ice. Terms
cash. May 14 ly
FAIRBANKS
SCALES.
^OLD ai Mauufaclurera price.
b> T. IUSHOP* SOX.
Athens,October 6 1859.
NEW GOODS!
AT
m & VOUNGKIN’S:
their Spring Stock
ips. I4ools and
Athens, April
J AM now selling my slock of Roots, Shoes,
Hsla, Caps, he., at coat for cuali only, end
will make no new accounts with any one for the
cusuing veer, except a very tew by spwial con
tract Timer indented to me, mil make imme
diate payment e* I am desirous of closing my
business na soon aa possible. 1*. BARRY.
Jau -J
tUEAP GOODS—SPRING 1861.
isada
largsi
1. il. KENNEY.
[%J EM Goods are being rceoised and sold every
1 c,| l ,00n and get bargains.
BACON, LARD, FLOUR, MEAL.
QX hand is cbesp as.oen heeold In this mar-
.March 90 isci,
be patient, but firm ; generous, but
without relaxing from tbe strieti.ess rtf
duty be should command his own tem
per in or"er to secure respect Every
Avord should be explained, and a sin
gle explanation, or the comprehension
oFthe explanation by one or a few of
those whom he is to teach, will not be
sufficient; he should never be tired ot
rendering what lie teaches intelligible :
every man in the drill should under
stand every word that is used, and the
use of every motion and m jveraent he
makes ; and personal actions shnultl
be used in explanation wherever prac
ticable ; so that whenever a word is
used, or a movement commanded, not
only the word shall be familiar to the
ear by the repeated use and illustration,
but the movement itself by frequent
practice fami.iar to the eye. All
diills should be conducted, theief_re,
by officers, who should always keep
in mind that discipline is as necessary
for him that teaches as for those that
are taught. He should he careful that
be acts personally according to the
manner he teaches, and that all his
ow n motions conform to the principles
he gives ; he should remember that the
confidence which is most precious to
a good officer is that which arises out
of the voluntary esteem and respect
produced by the generosity of his con
duct, and the skill which he manifests
in the discharge of his duty.
Explanation of Military Terms.
—About, a technical word to express
the movement, by which a body ot
troops changes its front or aspect, by
facing according to any given word of
command.
Abreast, a term formerly used to
express any number of men in front.
At present they are determined by
files.
Alignment, implies anything straight
—for instance, the alignment of a bat
talion means the situation of a body
ot men when drawn up in line.
Angle, in geometry, is the inclina
tion of two lines meeting one another
in a point. A right angle is that whose
two legs are perpendicular to each oth
er; and consequently the arch inter
cepted is exactly 90°, or the qunrter
of a circle.
Appel, a roll call; a beat of drum
for assembling - a challenge. In fenc
ing, a smart beat with your blade on
that ot your antagonist on the contrary-
side to that you have engaged, genet-
ally accompanied with a stamp of the
foot, and used for the purpose of pio-
curmg an opening.
Assembly, the second beating of the
drum before a inarch; at which the
men strike their tents, if encamped,
roll them up, and stand to arms.
Attention, a cautionary word as a
preparative to any particular exercise
or manoeuvre.
Back step, the retrograde movement
of a man, or body of men, without
changing front.
Base-line, the line on which troops
in columns move, the first division that
marches into the alignment forms the
base-line.
Countermarch, a change by wings,
companies, platoons, sections, or files,
wh«.reby those who were on the right
take up the ground originally occupied
act continuity- of line, upon whatever j Orderly officer, the Officer of the
Iront, or in whatever shape, the battal day.
ion may be formed. Parade, is to assemble troops in
Duty, is the exercise of those func- a regular and prescribed manner, for
tions that belong to a soldier. On all j the purpose of muster, exercise or in
duties, whether with or without arms,! spection. *
picquets, or court martial, the tour of | Parole, a word given out every day-
duty begins with the eldest downward. | in orders by the commanding officer,
When field or other commissioned offi-! in order to kt.ow friends from ene-
cers are given out at he id-quarters for! mies.
one duty, they cannot be taken off to I Patrole, a small party of men under
be put on any other duty. No officer j a non commissioned officer to com-
is allowed to exchange his duty with 1 maud them,detached from the main or
another, after he has been put in or- quarter guatd, to walk round Jte-treets
tier for it, without leave of the coin- or roads, for the purpose of taking up
maudiug offi -er ofhis regiment. disordely persons, or such as cannot
Evolution, is a change of pi sition. give an account of themselves, and to
which lias always lor its object either ensure the regularity and order of the
oflence or defence. The essentials s-.'.*! camp or garrison. On the line ' of
tl»e }**»rf.>nnnr»c<~ cYchtrL* rr*-*.rv-L } |mtrola a.c lIciucLei! flOIil Hit?
order, directness, precision, and the j advanced guard to gain intelligence
greatest possible rapidity. ) and to ascertain the presence or posi-
Extentl, when the files ofa line, or 1 tion of the enemy,
the division of a column, are to occu-j Pioneer, are such as are command-
py a gieater space of ground, they are ! cd to mend the ways, to work on en-
said to extend their front or line. trencliments and fortifications, and for
' -Facings, are the differerent move- j making mines and approaches,
ments of a battalion, or of any other I Piquet, a detachment composed eith-
bixiy of men, to the right, left, right or cr of infantry or cavalry, whose princi-
left about. pal duty is to guard the army in its
Fall back, to recede from any posi- rear trom surprise,
tion previously occupied. Pivot, is the officer or soldier who
Fall in, a word of command- for sol-! happens to be at the flank on which a
diers to form in the ranks. j company wheels.
Field-officers. Colonels, lieutenant- j Rank, is a straight line made by the
colonels, and majors, arc called field soldiers of a battalion, or squadron,
officers. ! drawn up side by side.
File, is a line of sol iiers drawn up 1 Rank and file, men carrying the
be) ind one another. Asa general! firelock, and standing in the ranks, are
term a file means two soldiers the j so called. Thus corporals are includ-
front and tear rank men. Every sol- ed in the return which is made under
dier of infantry coveis a space of twen- j that head.
ty-one inch s. Rear, in a general acceptation, any-
Flank, the extreme right or left of i thing situated or placed behind another,
an army cr encampment; flank files! Reconoitrc, Parties ordered to re-
are the two first men on the right, and ! conuoitre, are to observe the country
the two last men on a line. I and the enemy ; to remark the routes,
Formation, the drawing up or ar- j conveniences, and inconveninces of the
rangement, of troops, according to pre- j first; the position, march, or forces of
scribed rules. j the secontl, and to make a report
Front, a word of command signify- thereof.
X, that th .* men are to turn to their-i To t(
»>fV
proper front; the front ofa battilion
consisting of the leading men of each
tile.
General officers, all officers above
the rank of a cilonel.
Grenadiers, take post on the tight
of a battalion, and lead in every at
tack.
Guard, is a certain portion of troops
whose fluty it is to watch and protect
any post from suprise.
relieve the guard, is to put fresh
men upon guard, which is generally
done every twenty-four hours.
Report, specific statement of occur
rences. Officers making wrttten re
ports, are to sign them specifying their
rank, and the regiment to which they
belong.
Reset ve, a select body of troops re
tained in the rear; generally to sup
port an attacking force.
Retreat, the retrogate movement o>
Guides, men employed to direct the | an army or body of men, who retire
march of a company ot battalion.
Head of an army, or body ot men,
is the front, wethei drawn up in line, or
on a march.
Headquarters, the place where an
offieer commanding any army, or in-
pendent body of troops takes up his
residence.
Incline to, means to gain gtound to
the flank as well as the front. Inclin
ing is of great use in the marching of
the l;ne in front, to conect many irreg
ularities that happen.
Interval, any space between. A
word variously applied in military dis
positions and rannoevers, to denote an)
given dis ance or space. The interval
between two battalions ts the space
wnich separtes them when they are
drawn up in action, or when they are
encamped; it is generally wide enough
to admit the march of another battalion,
that is to ^y, it is equal to the extent
of its front w hen in tine.
Line, or line of battle, is the arrange
ment or disposition of an army for bat
tle; its front being extended in a
stra.ght line as far as the ground will
permit, in order that several corps of
cavalry and infantry which compose it
may not be cut off or flanked by the
enemy. European armies, and ours
are usually drawn up in three lines;
the first being named van, the second
tbe main body, and the third is called
the rear guard.
Manccvere, manceeveres of war con
sists chiefly in habitaating the soldeir
to a variety of evolutions to accustom
him to different movements, and to
from the enemy.
The retreat, is also a beat of the
tiruir. which takes place every day at
•Sunset, after which no drums are to
beat,except at watchsetting and tattoo.
Returns, are the various reports and
statements required to be made peri
odically by officers in command of
districts, corps and detachments.
Reveille, the beat of the drum at
day break, after which the sentries
cease to challenge.
Review, an inspection ol the appear
ance and regular disposition of a body
of troops, assembled for that purpnse.
Round, is a general discharge of
cannon and musketry. Cartridges are
generally reckoned by rounds; as forty-
rounds of ammunition.
Rounds, are a visiting or personal
inspection of the guards and sentries,
employed on duty.
Route, the order for the march of a
regiment or detachment, specifying its
various stages, and date ot march.
Ruining fire, is that in which troops
fire rapidly in succession.
Salute, a discharge of artillery or
musketry in compliment of some indi
vidual. It also means the ceremony
of presenting arms, and beating the
drums for the same purpose.
Skirmish, a loose, desultory kind
of engagement in presence of two ar
mies; between small detachments
sent out for the purpose either of draw
ing on a battle, or concealing by their
fire the movements of their troops in
the rear.
Tactics, consist in a knowledge ol
ffhe order, disposition and formation of
troops required in warlike opera ions.
The discipline of the soldier, which
has for its object the instruction of re
cruits, having an influence on and be
ing intimat ly connected with, the
discipline or instruction of companies,
on which depends the discipline of the
battalions and regiments, ought to be
established and instructed with the
utmost care and attention on the part
of the superior officers.
The word ot command should al
ways be anima'ed and loud, in pro
portion to the number ot recruits at
exercise
There shall be two species of com
mand v;z., those ot caution,nnd those of
execution.
The words of caution, must be dis
tinctly pronounced at the full extent
of the voice, dwelling a little on the
last sylable.
The commands *of cxfcuti'iI should
be pronounced with a firm, short tor.e
of-voice.
The words of command, the expres
sion ol which, in the instructions, are
separated by dashes, should be cut or
divided, in the same manner iu pro
nouncing them.
The instructors should always ex
plain what tin y teach, in a few words,
clearly and distinctly. They should
themselves, always execute what they
command in order thus to exemplify
the principle they are explaining.—
They should particularly attend to ac
customing the recruit to assume of his
own accord, the position he ought;
and they should not place him in the
proper position, till his want of com
prehension shall oblige them so to do.
Position of the Soldier.—The
heels on tbesaine line,as near each other
as the conformation of the man will
admit of, the feet firming with each
other an angle something less than a
right one, and turned out equally; the
knees straight, but not stiff; the body
perpendicular on the haunches, inclin
ing a little forward ; the shoulders kept
back, and falling equally ; arms hang
ing naturally; th; elbows not separa
ted from the body; the palms of the
hands turned a little outward ; the lit
tle finger behind the seam of the pan
taloons; the head well up; the chin a
little drawn in, without constraint; the
eyes fixed on the ground at the dis
tance of fifteen paces.
1 Eyes—Right. 2. Front.—At the
conclusion of the secontl part of the
first word of command, the soltiie: wili
turn his head gently to the right, >ut
not suddenly, sc that the corner of the
left eye nearest to the nose, shall be in
line with the buttons ot the coat, his
eyes b6ing fixed in a line with the eyes
ot the men ot the rank he stands in.
On hearing the second wotd,- he will
turn back the head horizontally to the
direct position to the front, which ought
to be the habitual position of the sol
dier.
The motion of “ Eyes Left” will be
executed by the contrary manner.
Rest.—On hearing this word of
command, it will not be required from
the soldier to maintain either his posi
tion or immobility.
1. Attention. .2. Squad.—At the
first word tbe so.dier will fix bis atten
tion ; at the second, he will resume the
prescribed position and immobility.
Facings.—1. Squad, by the right,
(or left) flank. 2. Right (or left)—
Face.—At the word '‘Face,” the sol
dier will turn on the left heel, raising
a little the point of the left foot, and
will, at the same time, carry back the
right heel to the side of the left, plac
ing it on the same line, so that this new
iine of the heels shall be exactly at
right angles with their former line.
1. Squad. 2. About—Face.—At the
word ‘About,’ the soldier will turn on
his left heel, bring the left toe to the
front, carry the right foot to the rear,
the hollow opposite to, and three inches
from the left heel, the feet square to
each other; lay ing hold at the same
time, of the cartridge box by the corn
er with the right band.
At the command ‘Face,’ the soldier
raising the points of the feet, or toes,
and keeping the hams straight, will
tarn on both heels, and face to the rear,
carrying back at the same time, the
right heel to the side ot the left, and
quitting the cartridge box.
When the soldier carries arms, at
the first command of facing right about,
he shall turn his musket with his left
hand, as will be explained in the first
motion of‘Present Arms,’ and replace
the hand and piece at the instant of
bringing the right heel to the side of
the left.
The Direct Step.—The length of
the direct, or ordinary step, in common
time, shall be twenty inches, reckon
ing from heel to heel, and ninety of
the paces shall be taken in a minute.
1 Squad, Forward. 2. March.—
At the first command, the soldier shall
throw the weight of the body on the
right leg, without bending the'left knee.
At the second command, he will
step off, smaitly, with the left foot,pro
jecting it twenty-eight inches from the
right, smootuly, and without jerking
the body, the sole near the ground, the
hams straight, the toes pending a little
Jownward, and with the knee turned
slightly outward. "He will, at the same
time, carry forward the weight of the
body, and without striking the sole
against the ground, will plant the foot
flat, precisely at tbe distance prescribed
from the right foot, the whole weight
of the body resting on the foot which
comes to the ground. The soldier
shall smartly, but without a jerk or a
shock of the body, pass the right foot
to the front, carry it near the ground,
and will plant it at the same distance,
and in the same manner, as has been
explained relative to the left. He will
inarch in this manner without crossing
tbe legs, keeping the shoulders square,
and the head always in the direct po
sition.
1. Squad. Halt-—At the second
word, which shall be given at the in
stant when either foot may be coming
to the ground, the soldier shall bring
up the foot which is in the tear to the
side of tbe other, without striking it
against the one planted in front, or
against the ground.
The Oblique Step.—This step will
be in ordinary time, ninety steps being
taken in a minute. The length of the
step will be pointed out hereafter.
FFhen the recruit has acquired the
habit ot inarching accurately with the
direct step, and of taking steps of equal
length in the same t me, he will be in
structed in tbe oblique step.
The recruit being at a halt, the in
structor will make him step off wi’h
the right foot, to thetight and front,
obliquely, and shall make him plant it
twenty-six inches nearly frotr ti e left, i
and eighteen on that side, obstrving to
make him turn the point of the right
foot a little inward, to prevent the
bringing f< rward the left shoulder.—
The recruit will remain in this position.
At the command ‘Two,’ given by
the instiuttor, the recruit will carry the
left foot by the shortest line, eighteen
inches in front of the right heel, plant
it, and stay firm. , '
He will continue marching in this
manner, at the commands ‘One,’ and
‘ Two,’ stopping at each step, and pay
ing the greatest attention in keeping
the shoulders square, and th; head di
rect to the front.
The oblique step to the left sha 1 be
executed on the same principles, the
recruit stepping off with the 'eit foot.
1. Right OUiijue. March.— At the
secontl wo:d, which shall be given at
the instant when the left foot is coming
to the ground, the soldier shall com
mence the oblique step to the right,
observing to conform to tbe above di
rections relative to the formation of the
length of the step and squareness ol
the shoulders to the frout, but without
stopping at each step, he must march
ninety paces in a minute.
Observations Relative to the Oblique
Step.—(To march well, it is further ne
cessary that the man should move with
a stiff knee, and carry the body rather
forward. The first is obtained by ac
customing to bring bis toe to tbe ground
before his heel, so that when he brings
down the foot, he touches the ground
more with the toe than with the heel;
by this means, the knee wilt keep stiff.
The second is ofitained by making
him understand that the body always
rests upon the leg on which lie stands,
and not on that which he intends to
lilt up.)
The instructor shall diligently ob
serve, contformably to what has been
inculcated in the preceding lesson, that
the soldier inarches with the ham
straight; that the feet shall pass over
the shortest iine possible to tbe place
where they ought to be planted ; that
the head is kept up, and direct to the
front; and that the shoulders are car
ried square without turning forward.
The recruit must be exercised much
in marching with this step, which is at
tendee with difficulty in the commence
ment, but which is extremely useful
in the movements of the Line.
The recruits should be required to
march fifty or sixty paces oblique be
fore the dir ct march is resumed.
When the recruit is perfect in march
ing the oblique step, the instructor
shall not be rigorously precise in caus
ing the rules laid down for the length
of tins step to be followed. He shall
establish it ts a principle, to gam as
much ground as possible to a flank,
and proportionably less to a front, with
out derangingthe front, as in the march
to the front direct.
Mat ual of Arms.—This shall be
taught to two men in a rank with their
elbows touching, and the same after
ward in file.
On hearing the last syllable of the
word of command, the recruit will ex
ecute the intended motion lively and
smartly.
The swiftness of each motion, with
the exception of the motions relative
to the c rtridge, to the rammer, and to
the fixing and unfixing of the bayonet,
is fixed at the nineteenth part of a
minute.
By the second and third motions,
the commands ‘two,’ ‘ three,’ may be
given, when the remaining motions
shall be gone through.
When the recruits shall know thor
oughly the position relating to each
motion included in a word of command,
they shall be instructed how to exe
cute them, without dwelling on each
separately.
Position ff Shoulder •Arms.—Each
recruit being in the position of the sol
dier without arms, the instructor will
make him rise and turn up the left
hand, without bendi&g the wrist, the
part of the arm from the elbow down
ward only acting, and shall raise the
musket perpendicularly, to be placed
as follows:
The musket in the left hand, the
arm being a little bent, the elbow back
and joined to the body without any
pressure; the palm of the hand firmly
against the exterior rounding of the
butt j the exterior edge of the butt
resting on the first articulation joining
the fingers to the palm the heel of
the fore-part of the butt resting between
the first and second fingers ; the thumb
on the front screw of the butt plate,
the remaining fingers under the butt,
which must b£ supported more or less
kept back, according to the ’conforma
tion of the man, in such a manner
that the piece, seen from the front,
may rest always perpendicular, and
that the movement of the thigh in
marching may not raise it, or disturb
it |in its perpendicular position ; the
stock below the tail-band, resting
against the hollow of the shoulder,
just within the joint,the right arm hang
ing naturally, as described before.
* Observations o\ 8H0L’LDBRbD Arms.
—Recruits have frequently defects in
the formation of the shoulders, breast,
and h pe, The instructor ought to (en
deavor. as much as possible, to 'correot'
theso defects, previous to delivering
arms to the recruit, and ought after
ward to have a Constant attention in
regulating his mode of shouldered arms,
according to these defe» ts of conforma
tion in such way that the general ap
pearance of the man may be uuiform,
without constraining their positions.
He will remark, that men are very
apt to derange the position of the body
when arms are placed at »lie shoulders,
nnd especially to distort the shoulders,
w lit oil itpnriviia tllP DICCO 'fits point of
which deprives the piece i f its point i
support, aud makes tbe men sink the
left hand to prevent it from falling.
This also occasions a sinking of the
left shoulder, a corvative of tho side,
and an extension of tho elbows, to re
store the equilibrium, etc.
Tlio instuctnr will tako pains to cor
rect all these faults, and continually to
rectify the po-ition of the men. He
must frequently take their arras from
them, iu order to replace them proper
ly.
Finally, tho instructor ought to bo-
stow much attention in directing that
the uiuskcl, w'ei shouldered, is not
carried either loo high or too low. If
too high, the left arm, foimiug a curve
at the elbow, would open out from tho
body, render the position of the piece
unsteady, and make the soldier occu
py moro space in tho ranks than ho
ought. If carried too low he would not
hove tho space neccessary for using his
arms with freedom, because the fa
tigue sustained by the left arm, thus
sunk do A u, would affect the square
ness of the shoulders, etc.
Support—Arms.—1st motion. With
he right hand seize briskly the handle,
>r small of tho stock, four iuches be
low tho lock, raising a little, out not
turning the piece.
2d motion. Quit the butt with tlio
left hand, placing the fore atm exten
ded across tbe breast, supporting tlio
cock; the baud flat on tho right
breast.
3d motion. Let the right hand fall
smartly to its position.
licst.—Bring up smartly the right
hand to the small of the stock,and stand
at ease.
To pass from rest to the fixed posi
tion, the command is given.
I. Attention. 2. Squad.—At tho sec
ond command the man will resume tho
pnsitiou of the third raotiou of Support
Arms.
Carry—Arms —1st mo. Apply brisk
ly the right hand to tho small of tha
stock.
2d mo. Placo quickly the left hand
upon the butt.
3d mo. Let the right hand drop
quickly to tha right side, and let tho
musket, at the Ratne time, sink down to
its position at shoulder'd arms.
Present—Arms I t mo. Turn the
piece with t>>e left hand, tbe lock out,
and seize the small at the same time
with the right h ind, the piece perpen
dicular and detached from ibe shoul
der, the left hand remaining under tbe
butt.
2d mo. Complete the turning inward
of the piece with the right hand, in
order to carry it perpendicular beforo
the cen’ie of the body, the rammer in
front, tbe right hand under and against
the guard; seize it smartly, at tho
same time, with the left iiand above
the luck, the little finger just above it,
the thumb extended along the barrel
and stock ; keep the left arm, trom the
elbow, joined to the body, without
constraint, tho hand at the height of
tbe elbow.
Shoulder—Arms 1st mo. Spring up
tho piece to the left shoulder with tbe
right band, turning the barrel outward,
and let tall the leit hand to support it
under the butt, the right, hand held
easy on the handle.
2d mo. Let fall the right hand brisk
ly to its position.
Order—Arms. 1st mo. Sink down,
smartly, the musket to tbe full extent
of the left arm seizing it at the same
time, with the right hand, above and
near the tail band ; quit it with the
leit hand, and carry it opposito to tho
right shoulder, the rammer in front, tbe
little finger behind tho barrel, the butt
three inches from the ground, tho right
hand aud fore arm supported against
the hip, tho pieee perpendicular and
the left hand hanging treely by the
side.
2d.mo. Let the piece slip through
the hand, and fall easy to the ground
without striking against it, assuming
the position about to described.
Position of order arms.—The hand
mast be sunk low ; the barrel between
the thumb ahd fore finger extended
along the stock, the other three fingers
extended and joined'; the top of tho
barrel about two iuches from the right
shoulder, the rammer iu front; the heel
of tbe butt at tbe 6ide of, aud against
the point of the right foot; and the piece
must, iu this positiou be perpendicu
lar.
When the instructor wishes to mako
tbe recruits stand st ease, in this posi
tion, he will givo the command—
Rest.—At this command the troops
will not be required to preserve silence
or immobility. T hey will, however,
hot quit their rank without special
permission.
To resume the position of immobility
with ordered arms, the instructor will
command—
1. Attention. 2. Squad.—At tbe
second word of command, the recruits
shall resume tbe position of standing
with ordered arms.
Shoulder—Arms.—1st mo. Raise tho
piece, smartly, with the right hand,
carrying it to the left shoulder, aud
turning it so that the barrel may be
outward ; place at the same time, the
left hand under the butt, letting the
right hand fall down to the lock.
2d mo. Let’fall tho right hand, smart
ly, to its poi-ition.
Charge—Bayonet —1st mo. Half
face to the right, on the left besl. pla
cing, at the same time, the right foot
square behind the left heel, the hollow
opposite to, and about three inches from
the left heel; turn the piece with the
left hand, tlielock outward, at the same
time seizing the small stock with the
right band, the musket being detached
from the shoulder, and supported per
pendicularly on the palm of the left
band remaining under tbe butt.
2d mo. Bring down tbe m"Bket to the
charge with the right band into the left
which seises it a little before the tail
band, the batrel uppermost; the left
elbow new the-body, the right hand
supported agwnM the haueph. ^qd tbe
fcoNT^vw* \
