Newspaper Page Text
1 1 T. 1 v 1 w m,w
" ■ p ■■
■5555
% Imanal—gAaltb
^MEEljoLLARR PER A'NNUM iFaDvJnCe!
gftterato, ^grtmltoe, an& % Industrial Jntots of t|e
ATHENS, GA. OCTOBP 14, 1870. VOL. XL.—NO. 7---NEVY SERIES, VOl
Fireside MtscellanjT
lj*. . .. Hfatory of Architecture. h
Architecture is the constructs 0 f
edifices for the convenience r#orna-
ment of civil or domestic fife, for
the purposes of offensive and tUffensive
war, and for transporting persons and
commodities aerossthewater/ and es
tablishing communications with coun-
ous remains of temples in that country
evince, the doorwayo, the cornices, and
other parts of the edifices, being adorn
ed 'nth hycroglvphics and decorations ;
of various kinds, and the capitals of
the enormous pillars sculptured so as
to rudely represent difierent plants and
flowers.
In Persia and Babylon, the same taste
for the stupendous prevailed. The
Ikuildiflge of. Persepolls, the ancient
capital of Pel’sia, were on such n scale
of grandeur, that the Arabs, who had
opportunities of Contemplating the vast
ruins, believed; that they must have
been the work of genii. Some idro
covered a great space of ground, and
had accommodations for numerous
guests, and vast numbers of eervants
and slaves.
After the Augustan age, architec
ture began to decline; and in the time
of the latter emperors it had greatly
degenerated, and become altogether
confused and irregular. When the
Goths obtained a footing In the empire,
they introduced their own styles of
building, which, like that of the an
cient Egyptians, was calculated rather
to astonish by its vastness, than to grat
ify the eye of taste by its elegance and
beauty. They corrected some of their
The Absorptive Powers of Soil.
Miscellaneous.
Driving Working Horse#.
Driving working horses differs from
pleasure driving as much as does its
object. One desideratum in pleasure
driving is a certain style and a regard
to appearance, while teaming or busi
ness driving has for its main object the
best ecoftbfcy £>f the strength of the
team, and its application tq the perfor
mance of labor. It is true that a
teamster may have a just pride in the
appearance and style of Ills team, but
this should always be subordinate tq
usefulness; and the nialtt problem which
he has to solve is, how to turn a certain
amount of invested capital, and a cer
tain amount of hay and grain to the
best account, in performing the work
in which lie and his team ore employed.
CLOTHING AT COST!*
Wm >rn/.isn:.!> weskot,
BY S. A. ATKINSON, t
’ THREE DOLLARS PEE ANNUMj
■| BTKKTi>rftr J fQr4itc&. p
Ums OP AnjER'nsiS'd, *
irtlsemeai* will be Inserted al<W DolUv
per Squat* ofU Unas, forth# fir*t,i
ty-*ta Cents for each subsequent insert!
r time end or one month. For aloncer pei
I MatMsla will Ko maila 1
Business Directorjsgf
T/T Q&N E •
. Athens^Georgia. Office over R. M. Smith
mmmm
AS
ALEX. S. ERWIN,
TORNEY AT LAW,
.'then,, (ieorqla.
M. VAN ESTES
ATTORNEY A’
Homer. Bank, County, Ga.
LAW,
1>. 0. CANDLER,
A ttorney at
:
LAW,
Uomar, Rank, County. On. Will practice
in tha cou title., of Banka, Jack non, HM1, Haber-
•ham and Franklin.
PITTMAN & HINTON,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
. Jefferson, Jickion county, C*.
SAMUEL P. THURMOND,
A ttorney at-law,
Athena, Ga. Office on Broad larcet, over
Barry A Soa'a Store. Will Rive epetial attention
- Ju Ran* ' .. . ..
all clalaha entrust,
ALBERT L. MITCHELL, ’
A ttorneyatlaw,
Athena, Ga. Office in rtcupree’s Hall build
ing, WU1 practice in Clark and the adjoining coun-
A. M. COCHRAN,
R eal estate agent,
Galnearinr. Ga. Will give careful alien-
lion to the
Pl'UCIIASK AND SAMS OF JU AURAL AXD FAR*-
ISO LANDS.
JAY 0. GAILEY,
(AGENT)
JMPORTER OF, AND DEALER
CROCKERY
TABLE GLASS - WARE,
KEROSENE OIL, LAMPS,
Mtoekin glGlass es
ANI)
HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS,
Tiroad'street, Athens, Ga.
Joint tion'cs, ,
ieua anbw.s, f
BONES, BROWN
_ & CO., t
TMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
JL Foreign ami Domestic Hardware, Augusta, Ga.
w
Boots,
P. M. F.DDLEMAN & CO.
HOLESALE DEALERS IN
Shoes and Leather,
French and American Calf Skins, Lasts, Fogs,
Lining and Binding Skius, Shoe Findings, Ac.
Decatur Street, next door to Sllrey * Dougherty,
ATLANTA, GA.
of
RATIONAL HOTEL,
ATLANTA, GEORGIA.
Cor. Whitehall St. and H’.tC* A. Ji. R.
!■;. B. POND, Proprietor.
I iNTTED.
STATES 110T lL—
Alabama St., Atlanta, Ga. ,
S ass ecu A Jolinsuii, Proprietors.
Corn Sliellers
—AND—
Agricultural Iinpleiucnts.
W J ARE AGENTS FOR THE
f>
following standard Machines t
Backet Keapcr and Bower l
Ilall. aaure k Burkhard’s Power A Thresher j
Southern Sorclin Machine tVa
Cans Mills and Sugar Evaporators ;
We also have a Tin Shop in the rear of tlie store,
where we keep all kinds of Tin, Sheet Iron and
Copper wark. We also keep a good stock of Tin
Ware on hand, not “ the best In Georgia,” but
none belter than oum, and at low prices. ■
We most cordially return our slnoera thanks to
•ur friends and customers in Athena and the conn-
try, and hope, by strict attention to business, to
meritacoutinuanceof their custom.
AU commands from the country strictly attend'
ed to. We will be happy to see all at our stund,
Athens, Ga.
;mme¥ a newton.
No. 6, Brood street,
NEW CLOTHING STORE
REMO VED
TO
CORNER BROAD STREET AND
COLLEGE AVENUE,
RITCH & MORTON,
AVE OPENED a large stock of
Clothing and Famishing Goods,
to which they htvlle public attention. We havea
first class cutter connected with the establish
ment. Orders filled nt short notice.
groyer&raker
SEWING MACHINES!!
PRONOUNCED TIBS BEST IN U8K,
T>Y ALL WHO HAVE TRIED
JJ them. These machines, with nil the
IMPROVEMENTS
AND
ATTACHMENTS.
:turer'a prices, freight
-'pllano
Charm
mar he bad, at raanutucturer’a prices, fTeighl
added, at the BANNER OFFICE.
Wt
H
ton Yard in Athens.
^SUBSCRIBER HAS
a safe, comfortable and eommodlona Wagon
I on Riser street, near the Upper Bridge,
re Corn, Fodder, end all other necessary ap
pliances, can be purchased on reaaonabla terms.—
-bargee moderate. The highest market price paid
for eeunly produce, and bunk Wile receivedin ea-
change fir goods.
Civil architecture commenced its oj»-
oration in the infancy of the. world.
must soon have found itinconven-
ient to lodge in dens, apd caves, and thi
fissures of the rocks; and as they raul- ma y / be
tiplied and spread ovef the face of the fr J n t1l
earth, such were notfound in sufficient
numbers. It is natural to suppose,
that os man is an imitative animal, he
found artificial ones at first, in the sides
of hills, and oilier convenient places;
but these, not long suiting with the
migrator}’ habits of the first men, it is
highly probable, though we have no
proof of the fact, that they form
ed huta_ of the branches of trees,
interweavii^iBBiller branches with the
large ones, and covering the upper
part with leaves, sods, reeds, &e. for
the purpose of excludingjthe rain.
In proportion as the inconveniences
of these rude huts were felt, improve
ments were made to guard against the
wintry blasts,—the interwoven branch-,
es were daubed over with day, and the
roof was formal of beams covered with
alternate layers of leaves and clay. To
prevent the ends of the posts which
supported these roofs from rotting in
consequence of the dampness of the
earth, they were placed on flat stones,
and their tops were covered with other
flat stones; and from this simple con
trivance, we may date the origin of
bases and capitals to columns.
These primitive buildings must have
been extremely rude, as men had neith
er tools nor experience; by every im
provement, however they gained a por
tion of the latter, and it is astonishing
what performances may be achieved
by persevering labor; even where tools
of metal arc unknown, sharp flints,
shells, and other instruments, will nc-
romplielfi much, niicn tirao and patient
perseverance are almost unlimitedly
employed. The pastoral life afforded
much leisure; and some of this was,
undoubtedly, devoted to the improve
ment and embellishment of the dwell
ings of the rich.
After the discovery of metals, and
the manner of working them, the pro
gress of architecture must have been
rapid, especially when, by devoting
themselves to agricultural pursuits,
men became stationary, and required
more permanent habitations. By means
of instruments of iron, they found that
not only wood, but stone, might be
shaped to suit their conveniences, and
that tlie latter was much-more durable
and more eligible than tlie former.—
The first stone houses were, it is likely,
formed of loose stones, their interstices
afterwards filled with clay, and roofs
made of beams meeting in on angle in
the middle,,for the better throwing off
the nun; these, likewise, were covered
with reeds or sods, or plastered over
with clay.
No sooner hod man thus contrived
for himself a shelter from'the winds
and storms of heaven, than he began
to divide it. into different apartments,
suited to different purposes; he like
wise constructed places of shelter for
his cattle, and stores for the housing
of his grain, and other commodities
which were liable to perish from expo
sure to the weather. To distinguish
his own residence from these subordi
nate offices, he began to erect it with
more care and attention; he hewed his
stone into such a shape as would admit
of their being laid one on the other
with considerable regularity'; he in
vented a cement which, spread between
them, hardened and united them with
considerable firmness; he adorned the
sides and ends of his beams, rafters,
joints, and parts of the building, with
rude carvings and ornaments, which
were, no doubt, the origin of archi
traves, friezes, cornices, nntR the nu
merous embellishments whjjj- were af
terwards brought to such y .-fection
the Gi^b’ - 'ejjrcbitects.
It appea»2 25,4n th
public works, the early nrcly
more attention to grandeur and
nificence than beauty, and
be formed of their magnitude, 1-fhulte by the Roman edfficesflmt as
from the dimensions of a staircase be- the models themselves were faulty,
longing to the palace, the remains of they rernqved one error by introducing
which, within the present century, con* another.
sisted of ninety-five steps of white mar- I n Britain, before the time of the
ble, so broad and flat, that twelve horses Homins, the architecture of the tern-
might conveniently,go up abreast- ple3 „ of ^ ^est description; it
None of their architects appear to have chicfl of h stones
understood the construction of arches, r ; ght circles or ovakj all(1 co nnected
asthemtfsof their halls were always L tthetopby other gtones laidacroS8 .
flat, and usually consisted of P^Uerc wasno roof, nor were the stones
giously large stones. which composed the circles set close to
It was amongst the Greeks that at* othcr . Such a gtle of K)Crwl
true taste for architecture first sprung arehitecture muBt ^ ext remely
up. YSith their predecessors m the inconvenient ^ a dimate ^ inclcmentj
art, nothing of the kind was discover-1 m m gudden in itg vicis8itudcs .
able; they aimed to astonish and to
raise eternal structures, but they paid
no attention to regularity, proportion,
and delicacy of finish; their columns 6i °“ gnatfy
were clumsy, and their capitals ill exe
cuted. But this people, blessed'with a , ,
quick, and almost intuitive perception [Saxons, ravaged the country, and most
beauty, invented three orders of ar
chitecture, the elegance and exact pro
portions of which have never been im
proved to the present day.
WILEV HOOD.
When the Romans invaded Britain,
they erected ninny temples and man-
embellished it; but after their depar
ture, the Piets and Scots, and next the
of the Roman edifices fell a prey to
their violence. The order introduced
by the latter, when they settled in the
island, was exceedingly massive and
It cannot be supposed, however, that I l ,c - lv y* *ke most prominent features
these orders were at once brought to ' Je * n E semi-circular arches supported to
the perfection which characterized them I short heavy columns, the capitals of
in the age of Pericles. It was by re- which were usually unlike each other,
peated alterations that their propor- ^ l ' s succeeded the Norman, which,
tions, their attributes, and the order of when pure, was much more light and
their arrangement, were settled in the e ^ e S ant • *1 wasr followed by that which
beautiful style in which they at present I * s uow denominated modern Gothic,
appear. which is remarkable for its slender,
The’Doric order is said to have orig- clustered lf ar *’ P° inted arch f * ite
inatedin a temple built in ho^of Ornamental capitals.itscreclfeted^n-
Juno, nt Argo#, by Dorus, son of Helen, u* 10105 ’ ll ^ niches, etc. The floral Gothic
and grandson of Deucalion. The pro- S " CC f H,ed ; ,n " hlC J* «™mentwas
portions aud genentf *tjl© that build-1 a E 1 * 0 ^ 1131011 ^i™} over ’
ing were considered so agreeable, that the bounds prescribctTty good
when tlie Athenians sent a colony into ^stc.
Asia, under the command of Ion, j The havoc made amongst the most
ephew of Dorus, which settled in celebrated edifices at tlie Reformation,
Caria, the new inhabitants were desir- and during the civil wars, and the bad
ous of building temples on tlie model taste which distinguished those periods,
of that of Juno, at Argos. Compelled, "ere exceedingly detrimental to the in-
however, to do this without any certain j terests of architecture. In the mean-
rule to direct the proportions, they time, Palladio, and othcr Italian arehi-
were obliged to seek for some to regu-1 tecta, revived the ancient Roman style
late their operations; accordingly, ob- with great success. Towards the dose
serving that the foot of a man was I of the reign of Henry VIII., it was
about one-sixth the length of his body, I introduced into England by Holbein
they made the height of the column but he used it only in porticoes,
six of its diameter. Endeavoring, was not generally adopted until the be-
however, to give more lightness and 1 ginning of the seventeenth century,
elegance to their architecture, they in-1 when Inigo Jones erected several edi-
ventetl another order, founded on the j fices of the kind; 'and Sir Christopher
proportions of a woman, which received Wren lias left monuments of his skill
from them the dimension of Ionic.— in this style, which have immortalized
The height of the column in this order I his name, and proved noble ornaments , . , v . ^ .. .
was eight times its diameter; it was both to the city of London and othe* ^
usually fluted, and the capital was places. Many eminent architects have 1 188 etopo etery i
adorned with volntes, supposed to have j succeeded, who have embellished the
been suggested to the inventor by the I mother country with structures in the
curls worn by females on each side of I Grecian, Roman, and Gothic styles,
the face. This order, likewise was fur- which may vie with the proudest edi-
ishtd with a base. fices of the Continent, and justly pjace
The origin of the Corinthian is said Britain qaa level with the most famous
to be this: a basket of trinkets had | countries in this branch of art.
been placed on the grave of a young
The Hair or the Land t
Corinthian lady, and covered with a
square tile; near it grew a plant of
acanthus, the leaves of which Bhotqp,
and covered the outside of the basket;
whes they readied the tOe, their
Dpward tong .lopprf h, ,t. the, I J ^ ^ 6 wrJthtag dsc
A correspondent sends us tlie follow-
I ing result of the cultivation of two
fields of com, and from the results ar-
Lumber! Lumber!!
TFE have at the Steam Saw Mill,
V V u car the upper bridge, lit Athene,
300,000 FEET OF PINE LUMBER
•e hand, • portion at which 1* seasoned, mad «
rontlnnlns IU uumn&cture.
We ere prepared to deliver on short notiee, to any
Paint In Athens, or M the Athens Uepoti ntthe
Jewett prices. Also, Lnths, Furrowing, Stripe, nnd
ntiiy of rough lumber, suitable for ont
aqnsn
and rhi—
orders wlU receive prompt aUtmtloo If
rtth a. £. Pittman, U. J. or J. F. Wilsop, or
hit
in cheap fences.” J. E. PITTMAN A CO.
•** All ~
with Col. J. H. Huggins, No. 7, Broad strpet.
July g-tf
Preserve Your Fruit.
nr'HE BEST AND SUREST WAY
-L te do thia Is to boy the
HERO FRUIT JAR,
curled into the shape of volutes. This,. equal, brains certainly will tri-
mgseen y ^ f | umph, and it notunfrequently happens
sculptor, suggested to him the idea of 0Q £££ ^
ni* J * C more than good'ami without brains.—
should be loftier than those already in- ® „ , . «...
, : . ... , J The use of more brains on our whI
the acanthus. To these orders no others ^ raan * not ^ ar *^» ^ iat
have really been added; for though “®tes the com. I have two fields ly-
the Romans invented the Tuscan and ing side by side, cultivated by two men.
the Composite, the former is merely the 11 went through thorn both last week.
Doric rendered still plainer and more The first field was small, much of i
massive, and the latter is the.Corinthi- ™ light, and will onl^be fit for fod-
an, slightly altered in its capital and there may be fitted or twenty
ornaments. bushels of com per acre. The other
To these five orders, the ingenuity of “ very heavy, being higher than
man has not been able to add a sixth man's head, well eared and filled to the
that will in any way harmonize with en^ 8 °Y the cob. The ears are nearly
the Style of Grecian and Roman arehi- « high as the com in the other field,
m- tecture The first field was broken shallow.
seTv^more on eroding massy scruc- The * Greeks, though the inventors the com put in carelessly, and cultiva-
tures that should endure for majj? ages, and perfecters of ono of the grandest ted badly. The first cultivating left
than on raisin- elegant edifices, the and most beautiful styles of arehitec- foot square, so t|iat the corn might not
vjrioua parts of which should so de- ture that the world has ever beheld, be distorted! % second fidd was
liehtfully harmonize, as to' produce 1 employed all their taste and talents in plowed deep (before planting), cultiva-
fVlL'JlMU * . . . . : erecting the temples of their gods; their ted carefully, and but a fow Weeds re
dwellings, though in general neat and mained. It will yield twice as much
oommodious, and those of the higher as the other; yet as much time was
orders, spacious, were J»y no means | spent on the first fidd. It fa in the
July
No. 7 Broad street.
well proportioned whole. The pyra
mids of Egypt, the largest of which fa
Ubout 500 feet high, and composed of
stones of enormous size, some of them
being 30 teet long, 3 broad, and f J
thick; and the labyrinth, which Herod
tus asserts contained within its wails
3000 halls, and was composed wholly
of white marble, are examples of this
taste. Afterwards, the same fondness
for magnitude was accompanied by an
attempt at ornament, as the stupend-
d 4| magnificent. But the Romans, who I man more than the field. The man’s
rod- ‘borrowed their architecture from the brains make the corn.—bwa Home-
accomplish this, having the horses
fed in a manner to give them the great-
possible strength and health, and so
groomed that their systems are in the
best condition for appropriating the
nutriment of their food, he should keep
the following rules always in view:
First.—The load sUfiuld be just what
the horse or the team can move steadi
along, being neither so light that
they are occupying their time in going
over the road with less than they can
draw, nor so heavy that they must
otter-tax their strength to draw it, or
stop to take breath and to recover from
the effects of too hard a strain ; in short,
they should do all that they can do,
comfortably, never much less, and nev-
any more.
Second.—Horses will work better if
they arc kept well up to the bit, not
sufficiently to pull on it, but just enough
feel its effect and to receive its sup
port in case of a false step, than when
allowed to become negligent and care
less in their gait
Third.—When there are two or more
horses in a team, they should be so
harnessed a3 to draw exactly alike.
This requires them to be of uniform
dispositions, and in equally good train*
ing; any deviation from this will cause
one horse to do more, and another less,
than hfa share of the work.
Fourth.— AYorking horses should
never be whipped while drawing, unless
is absolutely necessary; and then
they slioutd not simply be tapped, but
smartly punished in a manner that
will cause them to understand to recol
lect that their driver really means that
they shall work, and work properly.
Fifth.—If necessary to stop to rest
before going up a hill, let the halt be
at a little distance from tlie foot of the
hill, that they may not get in the habit
of stopping just at the foot of every hill
which they encounter. When they are
fully rested and prepared to go on, let
them move vigorously, but do not al
low them to rush at the hill; they
would in such a case loose more in wind
than they would gain in impetus! If
possible go moderately up every hill
without stopping, recollecting that it fa
much harder to start a load against a
The Journal of Chemistry sfly# it fa an
important discovery of recent date, that
soils have the power of separating not
only ammonia, but other bases also
from their solutions, and of holding"
them with great tenacity after their ab
sorption. Thus 100 grains of day soil,
taken from the plastic clay formation
of England, absorbed 1,040 grains of
potash from a solution of caustic pot
ash containing one percent, of the al
kali. It fa mteresting to observe that
the liquid was not in this case filtered
through the soil, but the odd solution
tePfismerely left in contaccl with it for
twelve hours.
It lias been fbrther shown that soils
have the ability to separate the alka
line bases from the acids with which
they are combined. When saline solu
tions were slowly filtered through soils
five or six inches deep, the liquids
which passed through were deprived of
their alkaline bases, as potash, soda,
ammonia and magnesia, and only the
adds were to be found in combination
with some other base. Thus, when
muriate of ammonia was filtered
through the soil, the ammonia was re
moved, and a corressponding quantity
of lime, in combination with muriatic
arid, was found in the filtered liquid.
In the same way sulphate of potash
was deprived of its hose, and the liquid
collected give sulphate of lime on analy
sis.
Those soils which have the greatest
amount of capillary porosity will con
dense the greatest amount of manUrial
substances on their internal surfaces,
will retain them longest against the ad
verse solvent action of water, and will
give them out mast readily to the root
lets of the growing plant A mass of
adhesive day will absorb but a Very
slight amount of available manure
but if this same mass fa rendered fria
ble by mechanical processes, its power
of absorption fa amazingly increased.
In view of what has been stated, it is
Very clear tliat one way in which
ploughing increases the fertility of land
fa by increasing its porosity by pulveri
zation.
makes the best pasture. Probably no j,
grass in the world gives an equal
amount of grazing, winter and summer,
as the Bermuda on good land, and if
shut up during the summer it will keep
sheep and cattle fat during the winter.
It fa the dread of the cotton planters,
however, from the rapidity with which
ipreads and. the difficulty of ex
tirpating it, and there are entire plan
tations in middle Georgia overrun
with it
Sheep raising fa conducted on quite a
large scale in southern Georgia, in the
pine woods range. The flocks in some
instances reach nr high as 5,000 head.
These sheep are never fed, summer or
winter, living entirely in tlie range.
They receive no attention except dt
marking and shearing time.' The
statistics of suiile of these grass counties
show singular results in this connection.
In 1866 Appling county had 8,‘110
sheep. 4,027 children between six and
eighteen years of age, and 59 hands
from 12 to 65 employed in all works.
Coffee county lmd 12,300 sheep, 706
children, anil 99 hands employed.
Emanuel county had 15,249 sheep,
1,049 children, and 472 hands employed
in all work. The number of acres of
land in Emanuel county fa 539,278,
the average value of which is 98 cents
per acre. The lowest average value of
any county in the State, fa Telfair, con
taining 483,044 ncres; average value
51 cents per acre.
In the.se counties, perfectly healthy
situations can be sele ted. It is neccs-
sasy to buy only a small number of
acres for a settlement, the unfcnced
range being in common. Sheep can
be bought at $1,50 per head. They
are very inferior, but can be rapidly
improved lry a cross with the Merino.
It will be seen that Georgia affords
great facilities for wool-growing. In a
large portion of the State sheep require
no housing or feeding, and their are no
northers,” as in Texas. The market
for wool mid mutton fa within easy
reach. Why, then,* should the wool-
growers sesk the West?. With the
subject of wool-growing the writer fa
familiar from practice and observation
at home and abroad. It is hfa convic-
tHm that, ■'considering tha climate,
S _ J - ...L
187 0.
PASSENGERS DESIRING
ANY OK THE
Nortkfn. i-onsliori!,
TO
l i.itiV? o il
VISIT,
U *tiiO
Eastern;
:—‘ m —tat** dir fell
Western Cities,
Should study well the attraction*offered by the
Western & Atlantic Railroad,
the celebrated rkwon#er route of the .South.
Only Route from Atlanta
RUNNING A DOUBLE
DAILY THROUGH TRAIN,
rfevrntlng tlif (siwit.iiltj- of* rial*, of Twenty- -
Four III. * ’
Intii*., inililem to lines running
hot imr-.lsily trftin.
The RUo-uner Equipment of this Bn»l lssu|wri-
or 10 tli*t of anf rott.1 lit thoilotitll.
In mhlltivu to the
LUXURIOUS CQAGHE$,
Of tlie ItMUf tliew Sre SttachmCto all night trains,
thp for-foineil -j Tf-- Ll
PULLMAN SLEEPERS* 7 >
Which furnish sn-oinmoilatimis equal to a firtt-,
class Itotol.
Thereat* on*»leat roduceil rates, for the sum*-
mcr season, tlcketH to
Again, many manurial substances
exist in the soil,terhieh, bring insoluble;
exercise no diction bn the growth of price of land, markets- and facilities for
cither stop the team or let
Walk slowly for a few rods, until
recovered from tlie effects of
exertion.
At all. times, and especially
places, or when first start-
heavy load, the driver should
citing hfa team by crossness or
but should hold them stead-
bit, and talk to them in a
determined manner, cudeav-
cool and resolute, pulling
steadily until the}' start
ithout making a sudden
y nervous horses are
Such u movement is
cert other horses,
strength more than
properly expended,
ding a hill, espe-
break or drag on
should be so held
never gets an in-
i the pole should
ct line with,
the wagon,
should never be
to become bloum
to avoid it), nor
ever be allowed to become
>r careless in their gait. They
■W be active and willing,
impatient to do more than fa
within their powers. — Stock
ormg
even!
their loai
jump at
inclined to
very likely
and it
ten times t!
Seventh.
daily if ti
the wheels,
back that
creasing
be kept in
and not d!
Eighth.—
so
(where ji
shouli
plants, and contribute -nothing tolheir
nutrition j but by 0 the slow, though
regular action of the froetsaud the rain,
the air and the sunshine, insoluble and
refractory compounds are reduced to
soluble state, and are appropriated and
and held on deposit by the soil to the
credit of tlie next cultivated crop.
This explains the well-known filet that
soils which have been cropped to the
very Verge of barrenness will recover
their fertility if allowed to remain long
enough under the action of climatic in
fluences to saturate the soil with the
necessary plant-food which they have
uulockcd from their chemical combina
tions, and given to the soil in a proper
physical condition. These changes sre
brought about more rapidly when cer
tain mechanical changes of condition
arc wrought upon tlie sdl.
Carbonic acid fa one of the most ac
tive of the agents employed in bringing
the insoluble organic matter in the soil
into that physical condition in which
it becomes available as plant-food; in
order that this acid may be formed, it
fa essential that the carbonaceous mat
ters in the soil should be brought into
direct contact with the atmosphere,
from which they procure the oxygen
necessary to convert them into carbon
ic acid. So long As stagnant water re
mains in the soil, or so long as the soil
fa in a dense or a very compact condi
tion, it fa impossible for the carbon to
Ire converted itlto acid.
Greeks, were not so modest in this re- j stead.
spect; their palaces, mansions, and
villas, vied with their temples in grand-1 Two gardeners in Terre Haute, In-
eur and beauty, and were furnished | diana, have sold three hundred and
with a splendor and luxury commensu- eighty-ono thousand cucumbers from a
rate with their extent; some of them | five-acre patch.
Musty Oats.—A South Carolina
correspondent, after reporting the loss
of a horse, supposed to result from eat
ing musty oats, says: “lam certain
more horses die in the South from eat
ing damaged oats than from all other
causes. As the oats are cut rather
green, and often with many green
weeds among them, it is very difficult
to keep them from molding more or
less in the center, Many animals die
from this cau.-e, which are supposed to
have had blind staggers, ns in the case
of mine. Another horse recently died
near me in tne same way, after being
fed on oats mostly sound, but some of
tlie bundles musty in the middle.”
Shcep-Bemuda Grass-Wool-Growing.
The census returns for I860 show
512,618 sheep in Georgia. Of this
number 25,432 were killed by dogs in
I860, yet the number of sheep fa but
little diminished since 1860.
Really good sheep, properly cared for
and protected, are the most profitable
stock which can be raised in Georgia.
Under the ordinary system they are the
least profitable, except in those portions
of the State in which wool-growing fa
a business.
The Merino, Cotswold, Southdown,
and Tunis sheep have been fairly tried
in Georgia and at very considerable
expense. The best’ blodded sheep of
the north have been reserved for trial.
Intelligent breeders have united in the
selection of the Spanish, not French
Merino. The Merino cannot thrive
better elsewhere than in Georgia. The
woolis ratherimproved both in quantity
and quality.
The three difierent belts in Geotgia
require in each a different system of
sheep raising. In north-western Georgia
the summer and foil range fa ample.
Wethers will live in the range
winter, but ewee and lambs require food
for two or three months. The winter
grasses,- if sown, ore amply sufficient
for them, and rye pasture also answers
well.
summer and winter grazing, middle
and lower Georgia afford a prospect of
more rapid fortune in wool-growing
than other region within his knowledge.
Cotton has heretofore blinded tlie eyes
of planters to the value of their land
for this purpose. There fa no reason
why the wool crop of Georgia should
not be larger than its cotton crop ever
Was.—Rev. C, IF. Howard.
•Lime and Salt Mixture.—Mr.
P. T. Quinn, a practical disciple of the
late Prof. Mapes—who was really a
great mall iil many respects—gives us,
in the N. Y. Tribune, the following
method of making .the lime and salt
mixture
The usual method of making this
preparation fa to dissolve one bushel of
salt in water. Then, with the salt wa
ter slake three bushels of caustic lime.
Shell lime is preferable to stone lime
for thfapurposo. This mixture should
then be placed under a shed ot in a
building, and turned over three or four
times during a fortnight, when it may
be composted with mllck or other vege
table matter, using about four bushels
of the salt and lime to each cord
of muck. When composted for a few
months it will be a good divisor for
barn-yard manure, especially on light
soils.
“ The ‘mixture’ will give better re
sults when composted wit muck aud
barn-yard manure, although scattered
on the surface at the rate of ten to
twenty bushels to the acre it will be
found a cheap and beneficial manure
for top-dressing.”
A ltd ffil other resorts
Tlilr Is llte only rood In the (tooth offering t liroit jl!
ticket* to
STEAMER* LEAVE SAN FRANCISCO
—For—
CHINA AND JAPAN*
On the First Day of Each Month,
Bha Tickets cflii lie tmrrhnsotl In nil thfprinriraf
citiesT Brtg^iic.cltedlk'd to destination, an<I bai>li.il
ree. Ask fur Tickets via
W* & A. RailwaYc
The Citlty Aim in Farming.—'The
first great aim of all forming fa to raise
the largest possible crops at the least
possible cost, and good forming consid
ers any injury to the soil as a part of
the cost. The use that fa to be made
of crops after they are raised fa an im
portant but secondary consideration
How to raise the crops fa the first ques
tion, and in answering it we should
know What plants are made of, whence
their constituent parts come, and how
they are put together. The former
should recognize the fact that he fa
manufacturer, whose object fa to make
roots, or stems, or leaves, by putting to
gether the raw materials in liis store
house, in the most complete, most sat
isfactory, most workmanlike manner.
To do this be should understand bis
machinery and his material, nt least so
far as the present state of agricultural
knowledge enables him to. do so.
TF. Famef.
Montmimrir White Sulphur Sprlnev
mark Sprimrs 4 -.
Warm Srincs.
l.ittli-Sni'i-I Spring*.
Iti-drunl ,1!i:iii spring*.
Jloiit ml* Sprtuts.
Iterslifh* Spring*. •
Natural Itriilzr.. of \ Ifglitbl,
t/mkmil Xnaattin,
Manta FaiU.
not prises, of At
Arftawuut,
in the United States.
YokaJtoma, Jajxin,
I I toga f Japan,
Hong Kong, China,
Shanghai, China,
Nagaski, China.
1>. w. WRENS,
(ii-neral IWnscr and Ticket Agent.
A. L. 11 AltltlS,
Master Tran*|airtaticn and Supervisor.
VOSTKU Bl.OlMiKTT,
Superintendent.
I. M. HARRIS, *
S.iithern 1'aw.oiger Agent. -•
*rr~-r ; .
LONGS & BILLUPS*
BROAD ST., ATHENS, GEOr
DEALERS IS r'l ['.-Nm
CHEMICALS,
DYE-STUFFS,
PAINTS, !
OILS,
GLASS,
PUTTY,
STATIONER*;
PFRFOERY, LIQUORS, B1TTER8*
AND
XX usual
EVERYUHING
usually kept in a First Clan* Drag Store,
1-artieular attention ha* been pard In the selectkrti
ofaur stock, to the purity and rellaliilUy of out
goods, and famtlir* and phyateiamare assured that
orders will be filled With promptness and fidelity,
Oitr
STOCK OF FANCY GOODS
la large and ittmetlte, embracing a great variety,
PERFUMERY,
TOILET ARTICLES,
BRUSHES, 1 ‘
UOMBM, A0,
Helnilxdd'x and Ayer's- Preparations, Harley'*
Bitten, lloottand’s German li|tUr»,
■tar pn-pantilfirtv *!*#}*<*,
b * m ‘- ’ tell >.* 1
.—.bat* i mm. V.'tt
and many other
FRESH G
or tho i
leltf
• 1*;
it appro 1
any'quantitr
HEN SEEM
atlfts on hand and tut
red, Alio Oran Seed.
sr. LOUIS LEAD,
Warlkatedstrietly pure—the beat in the ruarkef,
■N.
Horsft Hog, and faille Powders*
frtvnluuhle tnt all diseases of >{&>k.
The gold mines of California yield
annually $23,000,000, the quicksilver
mines $1,500,000, and the cod fields
$1,000,000,
Thera are forty-one pairs of twins
in Wako county, Virginia, all under
lu middle Georgia Bermuda grits--1 one year of age.
_W ANTED-
tv In the State*r.to travel and*taS«d5i
pie, for Ttri, Odtee, «rtd Spleen.^
we will give S rahiry of S-JOOto
traveling -and other expense*,
commission on srie*.
Immediate applications are soil*
parties. Reference cxclianjr 1
dress immediately,
July 20—-It
/. PA.
fPB
liiariiiiMlin