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% Jfamili) found—gebotri) to literature, , an& three hollars per annum in advance. ATHENS, GA. APRIL 5, 1872. 3fl IT iat futate of % Jeople. VOL XLI.—NO 41-NEW SERIES VOL 5. NO. 2U anner. hi, «iieii *.ti.::ki.v. j> y -,s. A. ATKINSON, A t T.TUEK DOLLARS PER ANNUM, STRICTLY T.V A P VA SCK. nice, if road -I., over J. II. Huggins. IUTKn OK HIVERTIS1X®. id T.rti«cmen« WII tvin^rtal at One Dollar and P V , ,,.. r ,<•] jarc of 12 lines, fur the first, anil lerrttV-fire tVnts for each suhseqnent insertion, for am lime under one month. For a longer period liberal contracts will he made. Miscellaneous. VM. WOOD, DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF P U RN1TURE. T^URNITURE REPAIRED, UP- hoistered and varnlahed, also a large varietr of wood coffins and Fisk’s Talent Metaiic Burial Cases alwavson hand. Warerooina on Clavton St. next lo Episcopal Church. SepSfim. WILLIAM WOOD. Miscellaneous. Business Directory. l iMUl rslllll. A. 8. ERWIN. HOWELL COBB COBB. ERWIN A COBB, V ITOKNEYS AT L AW, ^ V Athens, Georgia. Office In the Deuprec ). oMiiif. r r i t sipkis HENRY JACKSON. V Lumpkin & Jackson, TTOUNKYS AT LAW, will practice in th i. .Snj*t*ri«»r * 'own <il* Clark rouniy, the Stiprcni irt of the Sirttc, an l the* Cnilfd Mute* C«»tir ' h»* Northern 1 »a-tric-t of Georgia. fc*b. inf SAMUEL I*. THURMOND, T TORN E Y A T L A \V, Athens >ia. ndice on Ilroad street, over Berry A Son’s Store. Will give special attention !•» ea«es in Bankruptcy. Also, to the collection of all claims entrusted to his care. 4. J. A 4. t. ALEXANDER, INHALERS IN HARDWARE, I * Iron >i«c:l. Sail*. t’.»rri;me Material, Mining >ut.*rifw. ,if„ Whir, halls:., Atlanta. M.VAN ESTES, TTORXEY AT LAW, llomcr. Banks County, (»a. JAY 0. GA1LEY, INVITES ATTENTION TO HIS FALL STOCK Sixty-Flte First PrI/e Medals Awarded ! A aBSSWRSE, at . .xi, -a ei a“ v**a„ CHI MX KI s A XI > : 0RE KEROSENE OIL! SHARP & FLOYD, Successors lo Ccorge Sharp, Jr., JeweUe s Silver smirks, A tlmitn, Gu. WK OFFER ;t large variety of KINK \VAT< II IIS, (’Locks, .1 KNYKLRY, SILVER WAKE, .Sl’KCTACLK.S, FANCY HOODS, FINK BRONZES, AN!) STATUARY. WR 11AVK A FULL CORDS OF ifatcliniakerp, jeweller$& gngraver$ \ N I» .Vanii factnretnany Fine (-nods shop, and are prepared t., FILL AM tlltllMts f,,r coods or wo-k promptly. »*n. AII U'xxlscncraNed free of ejiarge. PREMIUMS' FOR FAIRS! a 11 arc prepared lo ir» to any information on ap- . ati-.n. \Ve irnaiaiitec the LARGEST ASSOUTEMNT, TIIK FINEST GOODS, THE LOWEST PRICKS, AX HTUK BEST WORK. I a!l and w .is. SHARP A; FLOYD, Whitehall Street, Atlanta. S(‘H(l your Old Furniture to WOOD'S II K P .Yi K SHO P, .V- to On Kpisfitjuil Church,and have if may !'.C:n .VI H. GOOff AS XEW. E. S. ENDLAND A CO., ^ KE NOW RECEIVING TIIEIIi NEW FALL STOCK! >« lft-red frith care l>y one of the firm, in New Y«.rlc, to which they invite the attention «.f their 111‘Onueni and the public. They have a good assort* STAPLE&FANCIORt GOODS t.KOtFItll'N, I'llOVIMlOKfl, IIA 1C IMV tltF. tIUMKERY, IIATM. CMPM, BOOTH, MHOK*« And in short, evorvthing in the way of Family and Plantation Supplies, "'.’ V nil! pay the HIGHEST PRICE FOR ' " ,,MN "V other Produce, and M ill Hi«rr ( octoi, at *J5 Cent* n Bnlr l» r Month A . t:«’ <!• ’••ruiirwd todoal fairly, •ell low, and by 41 ' . r r t .. Lii-im** hope to pi case old custw ’ r * iU 1 m ,,lu ‘ r new ones. *ept15tf TO TOE GREAT Southern Piano MANUFACTORY. wm.:knabe & co., MANUFACTURERS OF GRAHP,MQl’ABE A!VP CPRIC511T Piano Fortes. Bnltimorc, Mnrylatul. T hese instruments have been before the public for nearly thirty years anti upon their excellence alone attained an unpnr- eha.i-rf jn-c-mincnct, which pronounces them un equalled. in TONE, TOUCH, WQR&KAKSHX? AITD DURABILITY. ns- All our Sruarf. Pianos have our new im proved Overstrung Scale ami t lie Agraffe Treble. n^. We would call lipecia! attention to our late Patented improvement-* in OIUND PIANOS, and SQI ARK (•’RWR. found in no other Piano, whieh bring the Piano nearer perfection than lias yet l*»M*n attained. every piano felly warranted for :»YEARS H4u lV«are bv.«i>eeial arrangement enableil t<» furnish PARLOR ORGANS and MELODEONS of the most celebrated makers, wholesale and retail, at lyOicrjtt Factory Prices. Illustrated Catalogues and Price Lists furnished on application to IVM. KNARE A TO., Balt. Md. Or any regular established agencies. novlntim J. 0. HARDIE, Dealer in Groceries & Provisions, College Avenue, Athens, Ga. r UlIE BEST SUGAR. COFFEE, _JL Lard, Soda, Flour, Meal, Pickles, (>ystcrs, Nuta, Oranges, Apples, Uraekers, Cheese, Ac., al ways on hand. Also fresh country Butter, Eggs, Potatoes, Ac. * jan 1 lm PIANOS AND ORGANS! OX MONTHLY INSTALMENTS < >F TEN TO TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS. Ilallet, Davis & Go. and Steinway & Sons, TWO LEADING PIANOS of tho JL world, the oldest Factories, and tak*-u to. r. premiums than any other make, can n.»w, for the first time in Augusta, be bought on the instalment plan. Also, the Emmerson and Southern Cem Pianos, su|>ertor in finish, style and tone, to any in the .Southern markets for the prices— from three hundred to five hundred dollars. The Shoningre, Burdctt and Boston Organ Co’s Beautiful and Elegant Organs, F. r Parlor-. rht.r< I-..-., amt .'aM.atli S-li.-jl.-r.ing- ing in prices from 1- HTy to One Thousand I>..llais. II. C. BARROW, A- t, iKt l.Vsm Al’gUSTA. fa. Improved Stock for Sale, Acclimatol ami Adapted lo the Southern Climate. Cattle—Brahmins and their Grades. r JMIEY ARE MURRAIN-PROOF, i.l r ■ of the cows exeel as ■e superior to those of limate. milkers, anti the oxen any other breed for a hot Hogs—Black Essex. This breed of Hogs lias within a few years been greatly improved. 1 hey are free from mange, can be fattened at any age, anti arc admirably adapted for crossing on, and Improving the white breeds, and the common stock of the country. Prince Albci’t and Black Berl.shires. They are very active and thrifty, growing t» a larger sixe than the Essex. Sheep—Spanish Merinos. They arc free from rot and snuffles, are very easy ’ — 1 rapid and rk.-d i ed make tin ng the quantity and quality of the wool, Cash m*re A ngara (> oats. In many localities they have pr..v»-d to >roti table. Wh and «ra al, but requi: The ith briar-, pine in demand at from «ue furnished on prie* s and «le>erip»:ve cat; 'illCIIAUD PETERS, Nun l'»-5t Atlanta Ga. \V. W. SUMMERS, Seott Farm, Bedford County, Trim., lt(,,.i:l,KK ,,r Thoroaglibred Short--horned Durhaui Cattle, BERKSI11RK HOGS AND COLTSWOLD SIIEFF. T AM BREEDING ENTIRELY JL from premium animals My herds have pro duced a greater numl*er of premium animals *.h.»n any other herds in Tennessee; have never failed to take premiums at every fair, both in Tennessee and Kentucky, at which they have been exhibited. I have on ban i at all times TlHlbOt UIIBHED BULLS and COWS, of all ages, bfetl from my eel- ( brated bulls Stonewall Jackson, by imp. Duke of Vrdrie. and Red Rover the 2d, bv Red Rover the 1st. These bulls weigh from to3,0t*t lbs. BERKSHIRE PIGS, native and imported fltock, bred from inv no’ed premium boars, Dick John son and Bob Lee. My premium boars and sows will wt igh froHfcWX) to MX) lbs. My COTS WOLD SHEEP are pure, my premium bimk weighing :VO ll»s., and sheart^l last year 18V| lbs. Mv s'ork is second to none for size,color, lo autv and style in the United States, having made all my selections in buying and breeding for this rare combination. Orders solicited ami satisfaction guaranteed. Address me at Wart race. Bed lord ( o.. Term.* W. W. SUMMERS. j. p. ;bup5Si:de ? Gj iY N l) 11 ETH’S ^ DAiiVjJDJdVI 3 »J lnLSM^ KI> ’ a n,u •"PP'.v r t ,. N10VV DRUG .STORE. Kincst Kerosene Lamps l<> BE FOUNDIN’ ATHENS, i AT THE t N EW DRUG .STORE. Five Gross ( )!' I'GI TZ HORSE AND (’AT- price* at Vhe , 0 ' V,J,:,W fwr at Proprietor’s , NEW i )RUG STORE. ith's Bellows, Anvils \ RAMMERS, Stock and ‘ ,l CJIII - U6 . MCKKUSON a CO. AYE YOUR PRINTING clone at lh ' Southern banner Job Office. JpM ^ ^ Hilts, Caps, Straw Goods, Silk, Guanaco, Zcnella, AquepeUa, and Scotch Gingham XT mbrellas, DRIVING CLOVES, ETC., Xo. 222 Broad Street, Augusta, Ga. (Hit fi-Rtn S C. DOBBS, I ^EAGER IN DRY GOODS, I / (iltOCKRISS, rRODVCE, IIA It P It AItt, READ Y-MADE CLOTHIXG, BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, An-! in -!inrl, an a-xirtf! st.K,k of family and l>la„: at Inn mer. bandit. Tlio market pne- at. a> * paid for c.nnlrv prodiu-o. To Housekeepers. I UST RECEIVED, a large assort- menl of which we are offering at very low prices. All stoves sold by ua WARRANTED IN EVERY PARTICULAR. 9UMMEY & NEWTON. Carriage, Buggy A AVagon A LARGE and well selected assort- m«nt, for sale by CHILDS, NICKERSON & CO. The Best Rat Trap Out! AGENTS WANTED. TjMVE TO TEN DOLLARS a day JL 1 can be made by selling Veronee’s Patent Rat Traps. Read the following certificates from well- known and reliable persons who have tried them : This is to certify that I have tried one of C. B. Verennec’s patant rat trap*!, and caught fourteen rats in one night; and I feel safe in reconi mending it to my friends and the public generally as a per fect success. C. B. VAIL. Newton House, AthensGa. March 14th, 1S72. This is to certify that I have tried one of Mr. Veronee’s patent rat traps, and find it superior to any I have overseen, having caught eleven rats the first night, and many others at other times since. A. I>. CLINARD, Clerk. Athens, Ga., March 14th, 1872. This is to certify that I have tried one of Mr. V« .jouco’r patent rat traps, and find It superior to any I have ever seen, having caught fourteen in two nigl »-,and many more at other times since. JOHN SEYMOUR. Athens,Ga., March 14th. 1872. This is to certify that 1 have used one of Mr. C. B. Veronee’s patent rat traps'at the Athens Facto ry, and find it one of the best ever used, having caught over one hundred* rats in the said trap, in a \er) short time. C. A. SllURLKY. Price §2 Ta). Liberal discount to agents. For lurtlier information address mar 22 C. B. YUKON EE, Athens, Ga. nwaooM \ XJT LD M UN A N* D WI LI) BE A STS. B v Lt. \\ Col. Gordon Cumining. Illustrated. 50. Japan in Our Dav. Bayard Taylor. Illustrated. 1 50. Wonders of Vegetation. By Prof. Scheie do Vcre. Illustrated. Si 50. The I^aml of Desolation. By I)r. Isaac T. IIayes. Illu*t rated. Si 50. Helen Etbinger, or Not Exactly Right. Si 50. Heir of Kedv lilf-new edition. 2 vol>. t2 5»». The Daisy Chain— ** “ “ 2 50. Beechcroit 44 “ $1 25. The Two Guardian*—new edition. Si 25. Chamber’s Miscellany—complete. 8 vols. green cloth. 610. Ouida’s Novels—cloth. $2 each. Mayne Reid's Novels—cloth. SI 50 each. Marian Harland’s novels. Si 50 each. For sale at BURK1US BOOKSTORE. JF5 TW M .B. saHsapaaitta. A Substitute for Mercurial Preparations, Castor Oil, Rhubarb, Senna, <tc. niHE PUREST AND BEST •medy known for diseases of the Liver, Fe male Complaints, or for any disease in which a medicine is necessary, to keep the lM»wels free and healthy, or to purify the LUxel. It acts more nat urally on the liver tiian Calomel or Blue Pills, and answers a better pur(M>se. It is the Great Spring Medicine, l’rejored by J. Dennis, M. D., Augus ta, Ga. J*old by Dr. King, Athens. GLOBE HOTEL, •S’. IF. Corner of Broad and Jaelson-sts., AUGUSTA. GA. JACKMON & Prcprirtora. 4ITE l>eg leave to call the attention of the trav- \ > eling public to this well known hotel, which we have recently purchased, and placed on a foot ing second to none in the South. No expense will respect, and every att« and convenience of gu s hous. >1 to the com for jail 25-timbt PANOS AND ORGANS. O NE SPLENDID HALLETT, DAVIS A CO’S Square Grand Piano—an ele gant instrument—irarrrtHted in every particular— may be bought on easy terms—payable monthly. It wa* used at Mrs. Oates’ entertainments. Pianos and Organs at varu s prices, sold, jay- abb* monthly, and terms made easy. Every in strument warranted. fall at BURKE’S BOOKSTORE. Just Received, \ LARGE SUPPLY of Lech- ford’s. Farina, Lubin’sand other j < v ga “ NEW DRUG STORE. f«l> !3-!l Summey & Newton, BROAD NT., ATHENS, UK. IRON, PLOW STEEL, STEEL, HOES, NAILS, PLOWS, MILL SAWS, COTTON GINS, And General Hardware and Cutlery, at Wholesale and Retail. SUM31EY a- XBWTOX -< thrns, Ga., April 14tb. tf .Vo. C Broad St. GUANO. F JRE PERUVIAN, of direct im- portation, at Government prices. 2,240 pounds to the ton K. <». LAY', Agent for Consignees in U. S. .Ian. l-:liu. Savannah, <ia. PENDLETON’S Guano Oompound. JpGR SALE BY BEALL, SPEARS k CO., .1 ugusta, Ga. SAULSBU RY, RE3PKSS & CO., Macon, Ga. ANDERSON A WELLS, Atlanta, Gu. P. II. BEIIN k CD., Savannah, 6a. Du. K.M. PENDLETON, Sparta, Ga. I’aiiiplileta containins manj tctimonial.v, with praetiral hints <»n cotlmi vulture, aiul the applica tion of fertilizers-, may be obtained from any of the above agents. jan.l Bn-liUKKOKCK HAMKI.. A- WKI.LIK.RS HILL. DANIEL & HILL, / TOTTON FACTORS, Agents Cot- V7 ton Food Guano, No. 5 Warren Block, oppo site Globe Hotel, Augusta, G». All business entrusted to them will have strict personal attention. Orders for Bagging. Ties and Family Supplies promptly tilled. Commission I* 4 * Rkfkrexces.—Judge John P. King, President Georgia Bail Road, President National Bank of Au gusta and Augusta Factory. J. T. Gardiner, Kan., President Dickson Fertiliser Uoinpany, 1 res ident Merchants A Planters National Hank, Augus ta. Col. L. M. Hill, Director (»a. R. 1-, Y' dkrs county. Savings Bank of Augusta. National Bank nl Newnan, Ga. W. W. Simpson, Esq., Sparta Ga. oct 7-fiism FREE! FREE!! FREE!!! SINGLE COPIES OF COLMAN’S RURAL WORLD, A WEEKLY Agricultural Journal that has Iwien published twenty-three years in St. Ijouis, having the Largest Circulation anu the l»est Corps of contributors of any agricultural paper published in the valley ..f the Mississippi, Will be sent free in all applicants. Send foraeopj . OGLETHORPE prepared by tiie OGLETHORPE FERTILIZER CO., MAXEW’B, GA. Guaranteed Free from Adulteration. PricJ cash per ton 2,hhn lb,, at Wort,, $« SO. •• Time lien or acceptance <»> w - Or Cotton at 15 rent, prrpouml. T UP COMPANY could furnish numerous cer tificates as to the value of their UcrtiUrer^but prefer to rc“ “planters to tho« who have usesl it Fn this county for the ^•^“ptTRHAM, H. S. ANDERSON, Agents in Clark County. J!Political. Fraom tire Atlanta Sun. EX-G0TEX0R JEXKIN’S LETTER TO G0VEN0B SMITH. It is with no ordinary pleasnre we lay before our people the following highly important and exceedingly in teresting letter from that noble citizen of Georgia, Charles J. Jenkins, detail ing important historical facts and rem iniscences connected with his adminis tration and removal ?rom office as Governor of Georgia. It is a simple recital, sublimely grand ’ r ' ; t° 'implicit/, logic and truth : J Augusta, Ga., March 15,1S72. His Excellency, James M. Smith : : Sir—Since ray removal from the office which you now hold, in January, | 18US, by Major General Meade, of the j United States Army, commanding De- I partment of Georgia, I have refrained ; from communication with the de faclo government of the State. I Had there been no interference of the Federal Government, my term of office would have expired in Novem- I Iter, 18G7, and there woultl then have | been assembled a Legislature to whom II would have rendered an account of my stewardship, accompanied by the ■ usual reports of tho Treasurer and | Comptroller General for that year.— Such a communication, with like ac companiments for the preceding year, hail I teen submitted to the General As sembly at their second session in No- vember, I860. There having been neither Governor or Legislature elect ed in 1807, I, under a provision of the Constitution, held over; but there was no Legislative Assembly. From the time of my removal until the installa tion of the present Governor and Leg islature, those departments have not, in my judgment, l>een filled by persons rightfully representing the people of Georgia or faithfully guarding their in terests. I am informed that a committee ap pointed for that purpose by the Legis lature convened in 1808, examined the hooks and accounts of Mr. Treasurer Jones for the last year of my adminis tration, and reported them correct. I desire, however, to make a formal representation of certain transactions during mv official term, of which no account has been given, and some of which have been grossly misrepresent ed to the public. Such a coummunieation to a State Executive, from a predecessor, is, I know, unusual, if not unprecedented ; hut I trust you will find in the circum stances, heretofore and now surround ing me, a justification of it, and that you will kindly place it on file, with the archives of the State, where it may hereafter be accessiblo for reference if desirable. I need scarcely remark that, owing to the suspension of the State govern ment at the close of the war—serious complications with the Federal govern ment resulting from that conflict—the utter exhaustion of our treasury, the impoverished condition of our jicople, and the interference by Congressional legislation with the State government first inaugurated after the war, my ad ministration was fraught with difficul ty, responsibility and anxiety. When I entered upon the duties of the office there was no money in the treasury.— There were outstanding liabilities of Governor Brown’s l ist term, (owing to his removal by the United States gov ernment several months ltcfore its con stitutional end)—debts contracted by Provisional Governor Johnson, to car ry on the government and the expenses of the Convention of 18li5, provided for by temporary loans. There were also ante-war bonds, and interest cou pons of considerable amount which matured during and after the war— the expenses of the Legislature which came in with me, and the accruing de mands of the civil list. The bed and track of the Western & Atlantic rail road were in a dilapidated condition, its depots and bridges in a great meas ure destroyed, and its rolling stock partly lost or destroyed and partly worn out and valueless. Its Spucrintcndent under Provisional Governor Johnson, with his approval, had contracted a debt with the United States Govern ment of about four hundred and sev enty thousand dollars (8470,000) in the purchase of rolling stock and other railroad property, and still in these items there was a large deficiency. The Capitol, its grounds and furni ture, and the Executive Mansion and its furniture required extensive repairs anil renewals. The Penitentiary had been partially burned and rendered in secure, requiring a large outlay in re building and strengthening it. Besides all this, there were no taxes collected in 1865. In view of this con dition of our financial affairs, it must, I think, surprise the reflecting mind that the Legislature, to meet tha«e lia bilities, and put the machinery of gov ernment again in motion, resorted to the credit of the .State by the issue of its bonds only to the amount of three millions and thirty thousand dollars (83,040,000.) The Convention of 1865 did, indeed, authorize the issue of bonds, amounting to five hundred thousand dollars (8500,000) to meet the emergencies of the hour. But these, owning to re strictions put upon them, were found available only for very short loans, and were so used, and redeemed with proceeds of bonds afterwards author ized by the Legislature, except alwut twenty-six thousand dollars, (826,000) which had not been presented at the Treasury, although willed in. There were also bonds authorized by 7th section of the act of 12th March, 1866, amounting to six hundred thou sand dollars (8600,000), to pay the land tax issued by the United States Government against the people of Georgia. These bonds were engraved with others, but ns the United States au thorities refused to receive payment of Suit tox Executive of th« aboot an^-imndred than—nd doUaw respecting suspension of action* and , w , ere not signed or sealed until after thjj next session of the Leeisla- ture (Nov . 1866.) ‘ ’ 6 On their assembling, I reported to them tnp-jhilnre to use those bonds tar the purpose intended, and advised that the Executive be authorised to issue them in redemption of, or exchange for bonds of the State, which would mature within a short time. Author* ity to that effect was given by the Leg islature^ and then these bonds in sul respects similar to other bonds issued under the act of March 12,1866, were executed.. As these bonds bore a high er rate af interest than those to be re- t9®d j^y them, and were secured by B' W-4~i^v:on the Western and At lantic Railroad, it was believed that no difficulty would he encountered in ex changing them for the latter on terms advantageous to the State, and thus our suffering people he released from taxation, to meet a heavy demand upon the treasury at no distant day. They were accordingly placed in the National Bank of the Republic (New York) for that purpose, and notice of the terms on which the State would make the exchange extensively pub lished. This exchange had been com menced, hut no great progress had been made in it at the time of my re moval. Knowing no safer place of de posit for them, and desiring not to sus pend the process of exchange, I suffer ed them to remain there, giving written instructions to the agent to continue it, hut beyond that, to deliver them to no S erson except upon the order of John ones, Treasurer, or of myself. The Legislature esserabled in 1868, passed a resolution authorizing the Governor inaugurated by them to take possession of all bonds of the State ex ecuted but no negotiated, wherever to be found. Linder this authority, as I have been informed, the acting Gover nor, R. B. Bullock, demanded of the bank the unexchanged bonds then in their possession, and the agent, under legal advice, surrendered them to him, but required of him an indorsement on each l>ond, of the manner in which he became possessed of it. The precise amount so delivered I know not, but suppose it could have varied little from six hundred thousand dollars. Iain, of course, ignorant what disposition has been made of them. If they have been faithfully applied to the object in tended, they have not increased the in debtedness of the State, but have only postponed, to a more convenient time, its payment, pro tanto, and the relief lias accrued, or wiil accrue, to the ad ministration succeeding mine. If otherwise, the misapplication is chargeable to the Executive, who, rather thajijfome to an account with the fairly elected and honest represent atives of the people he is charged with having plundered, ingloriously fled the State. In no event can those bonds he fairly set doA\n as an origin al indebtedness incurred by the State duriug my official terra, and by my advice. Other bonds were issued by me, in conformity with the act of February, 1856, authorizing a subscription to the stock of the Atlantic and Gulf Rail road Company, and the issue of bonds of the State, in payment of install ments on that stock, as the corporation might show itself entitled so them.— Evidence that they were so entitled, was in each instance adduced, before the bonds were issued; amounts, dates, etc., will appear by reference to the records of the Treasurer's and Comp troller General’s offices. But this liability was incurred ten years before my time. The amount of the two classes of bonds last mention ed have, in an indiscriminating, un scrupulous partisan spirit, been added to the three millious and thirty thous and mentioned before, and the grand aggregate presented as vn increase of the public debt under nty administra tion and by my advice. I think I have disposed of those two classes, and will not again refer to them. I now propose to show that the public debt was increased by less than one-half of the three millions and thirty thousand dollars (83,030,000), The authority for issuing these bonds, and the purposes, to which they were to be applied, will be found in the act of the 12th of March, I860, and the 11th section of the General Appropriation Act of the same year. The following items embraced in the act first mentioned were obviously pro visions for funding existing indebted ness, and therefore did not increase the public debt: Section 8—To pay the matured bond debt and intcrert thereon $ 830,000 Section 1—To pay debt to United States Government for railroad property pur chased during Provisional Governor Johuson’s term, and intese.it 300,000 Loans contracted by Provisional Gover nor Johnson 30,000 Making an aggregate — 1.360,000 Which deducted from the new bond debt of $3,030,000 leaves as increase of public debt 1,670.000 Antoug the appropriations made and paid from proceeds of these bonds were two extraordinary items of pure chari ty, having ail the moral obligations of debts, via: to purchase corn for the des titute and artificial limbs for disabled solditf) 2.*0,000 Leaving a balance of......~....1,450,000 This balanoo was rellod upon to re pair and complete the equipment of the Western and Atlantic Bauroad; to repair and refit the State House, and its grounds; the Executive Mansion and furniture; the Penitentiary; to pay the unfunded debts of the State (by no means inconsiderable,) and to defray the entire expenses of the gov ernment for one year, including the support of its great public charities, and the accruing annual interest on the public debt. This sum of one million four hun dred and fifty thousand dollars was subjected before It came into the Treasury for general use, to a diminu tion by the expenses incident to the preparation and engraving of the bonds, the execution of the mortgage,. com missions to agents employed in the sale of them, and the rate of discount upon them, for no bonds of any South- ern State could then be negotiated at par value. The bonds firet sold - * ($900,000) in amount-yielded ninety per cent. A few were afterwards sola for ninety-five, and they would nu- doubtedly have reached par value in the market but for the depressing ef fect of Congressional legislation upon tho credit of the Southern States.— Under this withering influence, these bonds^afterwards feu below ninety in the New York market. For more minute details respecting the disposi tion of these bonds, reference is made to the records of the Treasury and of the Comptroller General’s office, to which, as I write, I have not access. I have mentioned a debt contracted by the Provisional Superintendent of the Western aud Atlantic Railroad under Provisional Governor Johnson, and which debt occasioned my first un pleasant complication with the United States Government. The Superin tendent insisted that he was, by the terms of the contract, entitled to a clear credit of two years, upon the amount of the purchase. The Sale- Agent of the United States, on the contrary, affirmed that by the terms of sale, the purchaser could only be en titled to such eredit, on giving bond with approved personal securiiy, for the payment of the debt at the expira tion of two years ; in default of which, monthly payments of the twenty-fourth part of the debt, with interest, at 7.30 P'-r cent, must be made, until the debt was extinguished. The contest be tween these officials was an unequal one. The monthly payments were peremptorily demanded. I suggested to the Legislature the expediency of authorizing the Superintendent of the Western and Atlantic Railroad to give a bond for the payment of the debt within two years, and of pledging the faith of the State for its payment.— Accordingly the act of the 13th March, 1866, was passed, and a bond executed in conformity with it, and delivered. Still, for lack of personal security, the monthly payments were demanded.— In an interview with Mr. Stanton, Secretary of War, I protested against this, and insisted on the payment of the whole sum at the expiration of the two years—urging that the pledge of the State’s credit was more than an equivalent for personal security. He heard me patiently, but when I concluded, remark ed curtly, “I can give you no relief. You seem to think because this Railroad is the property of the State, and the debt in curred, her debt, and because she had given her bond for it, she should be admitted to the giving bond and security make that distinction. The terms must be complied with.” ;I asked p< emission to take issue with him on that point. I pressed upon him the universal recognized comity between nations and States, between organized governments, aud stated a3 a carollary from it, that one Govern ment would accord to another a credit never given to an individual. I con cluded thus : “ I have not supposed, Mr. Stanton, I should live to see the day when the United States Govern ment would send the Governor of a State out to hunt afier •personal security for a money contract. I cannot lower the dignity of my State by doing such an act.” The stern Secretary relented, con sidered, and finally took the matier be fore the Cabinet, who referred it to the Secretary of War, and the Attorney General, with power to act. I then went before the latter to discuss the question with him. So soon as I broached the proposition requiring a State to give personal security for a debt, Mr. Stanhery, that upright man, courteous gentleman, and able jurist, interrupted me with tho remark, “ Governor, I confess that proposition revolts me.” “ As it has done me, Mr. Attorney General,” I replied. He re joined, “ Oh, that will not do. Mr. Stanton must give that up.” And he did give it up, and cheerfully, at last. I refer to this matter partly to show that, among those distinguished men, members of the administration (and, we may infer, by' the Cabinet), Geor gia was, at that time, recognized as having the status of a State of the Union. Early in the year 1866, the Collec tor of Internal Bevcnue for the 4th District of Georgia required the Super intendent of the Western and Atlantic Railroad to make monthly returns to him of the gross receipts from the road, and to pay a tax of 2js per cent, upon them. Believing the tax to he illegal, lie- cause assessed upon the revenue of the State, I appealed against it to the Sec retary of the United States Treasury, who after a reference, of the question to the Solicitor of the Treasury and a report by him, overruled my appeal and ordered the collection to proceed. Not satisfied with the decision, I filed a bill in equity in the District Court of the United States, in the name of the State of Georgia, against the Collector, seeking to enjoin the collection of the tax. After argument upon a rule against the Collector, to show cause is Chambers why an injunction should not issue, the Judge reserved his decis ion until the next term of the Court in Atlanta; but assured the Solicitors of the State, in the presence of the Dis trict Attorney and the Collector, that meantime no further action in collec tion of the tax would be taken. During his temporary absence from the State, however, and before his de cision, the Collector peremptorily de manded payment of the tax then ac crued (amounting to more than twen ty-four thousand dollars) within ten days, in default of which a levy would be made upon the property of the road. Informed of this, I directed the Super intendent to pay under protest, which is done. As soon as practicable afterwards, in a personal interview with the Secre tary of the Treasury, I brought all those matters to his consideration, and found him profoundly ignorant of the filing of the bill, the proceedings in Chambers, the assurance of the Judge thesubsequentenforcementof payment. I do him the justice to say that he manifested genuine surprise and indig nation at the last stage of the proceed* ing. He pronounced it “ all wrong,” and immediately summoned before him the Deputy Commissioner of In ternal Revenue (the chief being absent at the time,) who, after hearing the recital, concurred in the Secretary’s opinion, and declared himself equally ignorant and innocent of the wrong. The result was that the Secretary ordered the suspension of the collec tion, until rendition of the Judge’s de cision, (saying he thought I had adopt ed the best course for the settlement of the question,) but declined to refund the sum paid under duress, which had been pronounced “ all wrong” until the decision was made. At the next term of the Cou.-t, Judge Erskine delivered an elaborate opinion, concluding with an order of injunction pendente lite. A copy of this decision was forwarded to the Depart ment with a second demand of repay ment, which was declined on the ground that the Secretary was consid ering the propriety of carrying up the question. The Collector, I was informed, nev er answered the bill nor put in an ap pearance ; and at the September term, 1867, the Judge granted a perpetual injunction, and decreed that the sum paid under duress, be relundcd. A third demand was then made for repayment, hut I was answered that the legality of the tax had been refer red to the Attorney General of the United States, and that the Depart ment would await his opinion. That was soon after given, sustaining the decree of the Court, which declared the tax illegal. Then upon a fourth de mand tne money was refunded, but interest on it was refused, although the Treasury of the United States had held it about eighteen months, and also during the same time, interest was accruing at the rate of 7.30 per cent, against the Western and Atlantic Rail road to the United States, on the debt before mentioned, and soon after paid in full. But for this appeal to the Judiciary, in limine, it cannot be doubted that this onerous and illegal tax would, year after year, have been extorted from our impoverished State by the spoiled and spoiling minions of power, lt is but one of many exhibitions of the tyrannous and rapacious spirit in which the ruling party have requit- privilege of purchasers ed the unconditional and sincere sub- d security. I cannot mission of the Southern people to the authority of the Federal Government These wrongs I impute to the ruling party—theirs is the sin ; and theirs, in the time of recompense, will be the shame and the suffering. IPi? can only possess ourselves in patience, looking for the outstretching of His right arm who has said, “ Vengeance is mine and I will repay.” But these things should not be al lowed to pass unheeded or unchroni- cled. Great as were the embarrassments encompassing the office during the first year of my term, they were vastly in creased by the passage of the Recon struction Acts, and the entrance into the State of a military chieftain, trans ferred from “ headquarters in the saddle” to the headquarters in Atlanta. This man came invested with I’e-potic pow er over the people of Georgia, and with authority, at his sovereign pleasure, to remove from office any one of their chosen public servants. And these things, shades of Washington, Jeffer son and Madison! were done notwith standing the distinct recognition of Georgia (either before they were com menced or during their progress) as a State within the Unit n, by every de- r rtnient of the Federal Government. pause not, to produce proof of the assertion; hut I challenge an issue upon it. These reconstruction act*, it will be remembered, had been passed by the Congress of the United States over the veto of the President, based upon their unconstitutionality. So soon as ac tion was taken under them—so soon as the foot of the mjlitarv Despot was impressed upon the soil of Georgia—I repaired to Washington and tiled a Bill in the name of the State of Geor gia, against the intruders in the Su preme Court, seeking to enjoin and set aside these proceedings, as infringe ments upon the reserved sovereignty of the State, anil in violation of the Con stitution of the United States. The right of the State to file that bill, and the jurisdiction of the Court in the case depended upon the fact al leged, that she was one of the States of the Union. As a foreign power, or a conquered province, she would have had no ilzlit to do so—the Court, no jurisdiction in the premises. Still, as tho rec< ris of the Court show, upon full presentation of the Complaint, formal permission was granted to file the bill; nor was she afterwards dis missed the Court, unredressed, on the ground that, she lacked that status. Afltr argument, the bill was dis missed because in it there was alleged neither interference, nor the threat of interference, with her property, which the Court held wss necessary to make a case for their sublime consideration. Nothing, so hir, had liecn disturbed, or threatened, save the modest, though peculiar, priceless diadem of her re* served sovereignty, (in Radical estima tion a paltry bauble), of which that elevated Tribunal could not condescend to take cognizance. The deep humiliation which then pervaded the entire mass of a proud military command, unfamiliar with civil government, and rendered giddy by his unwonted eminence. Had I yielded to the promptings of person al feeling, I would at once have escap ed the pain of this unprecedented sub ordination by resigning the office.— But knowing that the position would enable me to keep open to our people, a channel of communicatien with the Chief Magistrate of the Union (who was a reluctant agent in their crusade against liberty) and might thus in soma degree, alleviate their sufferings, I re solved to remain in it, yielding all questions of mere policy, but maintain ing principle, to ine extent of my pow er, and failing (if fall I must) in its defense. I was powerless to prevent the removal of faithfull offiter. of the-, judicial department, or the appoint ment of others to fill their places, or to arrest the latter, in the unauthoriz ed exercise of their illgottcn offices ; but I declined to pay them the salaries appropriated to officers constitutionally- appointed and commissioned. This alone would probably have indue si my removal; hut an occasion of greater moment soon after occurred. The Congress of the United State# by their nefarious reconstruction act, hail provided for the assemblage of a. Convention, at Atlanta, to frame » Constitution for the State in lieu of that adopted in 1865, after the close of the war. The latter was confessed ly Republican in character—acknowl edged as the Supreme law of the State,, the Constitution of the United States and all acts of Congress in conformity therewith—hail received the President's approval, and under it, the existing State Government had been organ ized. The Congressional act which allied the Convention of 1867 and 1868 to gether, provided for defraying their expenses, only by authorizing them to levy a tax for that purpose. The body, finding themselves unprovided with subsistence, and incapabie of feeding upon their patriotism until relieved by the slow process of taxation, experi mented upon the credit of the State, which, though always previously a re source in emergencies, failed to attract capital when tampered with by them. In this extremity, they turned their longing eyes upon the Treasury of tho State. Whether originally prompted, or only encouraged by the military Dictator, they passed a resolution re quiring the Treasurer of the Stata to pay to their financial agent the sum of forty thousand dollars, for the present use of the Convention. This resolu tion (being only an entering wedge) was approved by General Pope, under whose broad shadow they held their daily sittings; and armed with this high authority, the agent designated repaired to Milledgeville, and made formal demand of the money upon Colonel John Jones, State Treasurer. That worthy gentleman and faithful officer, refused payment, in the ab sence of an Executive Warrant.— About this time General .Pope, (proofs of whose numerous abuses of power, had been multiplied to the President by myself and others,) was removed from his command in Georgia, and General Meade appointed to succeed him. One of the successor’s first acts was a requisition upon me for a war rant upon the Treasurer to satisfy the demand of the Convention. With this I refused to comply, on the ground that the Constitution, under which 1 elected and inaugurated, ami which I had sworn to obey, expressly provided that no money should be taken from the Treasury, except by Executive warrant, upon appropriation made by law ; and that no appropri ation had been made by Jaw to defray the expenses of that Convention. 1 insisted that the requisition was unwar ranted, even by the reconstruction acts. The Congress had not Neutered upon an act so flagrant as the direit appropriation of money front the Treas ury of Georgia. But tliej had be stowed a largess of power upon n mil itary chieftain, who.*e lack of training in the principles of civil government, rendered him little scrupulous in over stepping constitutional barriers. I fell, and feel, that the argument was with me; bet the power was with the Gen eral, and beneath its pressure, I, and the argument went down together. I was removed by a military fiat, and Brevet Brigadier-General llugcr, of the U. b. Army, a u i-rditmtcof Gen eral Meade, appointed to succeed me. On presenting himself to assume the Government, the appointee in answer to a ques ion by me, read me an extract from his instructions, directing him, in case of resistance, to employ such force as might lie necessary to over come it. Having at my command no force whatever, I contented myself with a protest against the proceeding, as a flagrant usurpation, violative of the Constitution of the United States, and a declaration that I forbore resist ance, only because I was powerless to make it—aud so retired. I believe it is pretty generally un derstood, that as for as was practicable, in the brief interval allowed me, I placed the movable voluafles of the state, and certainly the money then in the Treasury, beyi’nd the reach of tho spoilers, ana in the exercise of a legal discretion, suspended the collection of taxes then m progress. At all events the immediate object of this extreme measure, the placing of the funds ac tually in the Treasury at the disposal of the Constitution-makers, then un constitutionally assembled at Atlanta, was defeated. Cotemporaneously with this entire, undisguised usurpation of the Executive Office, those military people—proud in their historical re* I men took actual possession of the State minisceuces, and their consciousness of Capitol, and its grounds—of the Ex- thorough rectitude of intention, and of conduct, will be long remembered.— Their final submission was as truthful and unqualified as their resistance had been honest, open, and heroic. But that humiliation was intensified in the person of their Executive, forc ed as he was by circunistanoes, into daily contact with the insolence of an intruded Ruler, trained to arbitrary ecutive Mansion and its furniture ami grounds, and of the archirt s of tjie oute. Furthermore, they revoked mv or der suspending the collection of taxes which they required the collector to pay to their own appointed treasurer, seized upon tho income of the Western And Atlantic Railroad (then in good order, and successful operation') and, in