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Jfamtlo |aitnial—ftboteb to ftos, politics, Jiterataw, VllItKK DOLLARS PER ANNUM IN ADVANCE. } ahb % fntemal Interests of % JJeopIe. <4 ID «) Miscellaneous. inner, i — BY 8. A. ATKIXSOX, \T THREE nil.MRS I’ER AXXL'M, v mrer i. r rv ,i n r.t sr k. ,7., „rer.J. II. ling:/>*'■ o /;<*, />v E.E.JCXKES, DEALER IS STOVES, J« 0. QAILEY, rNVITES ATTENTION TO HIS HEW FALL STOCK l »V>:'IT|S|N«. v irartlaa-aants *IIllwinserte'l*tOneI>oUar»n<l V.’';v * - ?i t. • *. * i t »r**«»: 11 liM... grille flrM. »n«l . . «llb«i|Ui!Ul ii i-uti For a longer |K.*riixl 11 u s i ii «sh 1) i rcc tory. min ronn a <* F.awiM. iiowf.i.l cor.n c mu. r.uwiN * conn, A TTOU SKYS AT LA W , f\ m \thuu*, Georgia. Offlpe in t’to Peupre* hu*llintf. A r. lv\i»kiv I/iin’ikin & tpoh>i :vs a r i.wv S i,»iTi'»r * »'irs .f < *' flc I of the ril »h* iit* Northern •»! * Jackson, SAYUEL 1*. THIKHONII, \ TTORX E Y A T L A W . . \iV >| n, :*». U.n •« ..•» Ilrotl street, over Kirr/ k mm A’lllg ve vpe**i.il attention ti iHr.i *t \N», to the Election of all el it is• enlritaUnl to his care. J. J. * J. i. U.KX\NI»KK. n - \LEItS IN HARDWARE, 1,/ Iron Steel, V ill-. C irriagv M iterial. Mining mn Steel, V til-. C »le a."i8, Ac., \Vhite.i il AlUnt i M.V.IN ESTES, \ TTCVRVEY AT .* V. Hoiuer, Banks County, «la. L A \V Gi,ss vysss;, m. . -«k .ma CHIUSE YS ASD PURE KEROSENE OIL. Call and examine his stock before purchasing, sept 15-tf. TIN- W A HE, HOUSE FURNISHING GCOOS, STILL ON HAND r Largest Variety of Stoves HAVE the in Athene, whi«h I ^ iuy prints. ill furnish at the feirejf /jp. PITTMAN & IIINTON, A TT O UN E Y S AT L A W , A- J.M.r. in, Jackson county, On. NOThTk OF (IIANU1. OF SfHgUULE —oS THE GEORGIA and MACON and AUGUST A RAILRODS. Suprrlntrndenr« Ofllrf. ) CiC'irgia and k A«?a*t,-t Itailr .ad. Augusta, (» June . r », 1*472. ) /AN AND AFTER WhDNEb- V J DAI,.line 5th, 117J, the Passenger T .ins on ihu Oaurin . mi l Macon ami Augusta lluilruailn »ul run as lollmv- : GEORGIA RAILROAD. Ikiy Passenger Train trill Lear* Augusta at * 20a.m. • l^ ave Atlui.ta it » 15 ft . . Arnve ai A Gant a at «* i•i■ •— Arrive at Auguatu at 5 30 |> .j. Sight Passenger Train. Thrive Auemhit S 53 » m. Iamtc Atlanta-it H i» ' in. Arrive at Atlania at . 6 ».*, . i.i. Arrive at Augusta at..... f» <K?a. in. MACOS ASD AUGUSTA R. R. Dug Passenger Train. Leave Augusta at 11 00 n. n*. laravc Macou ui G GO a. lit. Arrive iu Au-u»ta at 2 13 |> n.. Arrive iu Mae<»u at 7 4'* p. u . Sight Passenger Train. * Leave Augusta at S 13 p. ir. Iasi ve Martin at 10 00 p. n*. rriv»»in \ugusta nt 6 00it. in. Amvr in Macon ut 4 13 a. ni. Piss.*:i*ers from Atlanti, Athens, Washington, ami »iati >iis <>n Georgia Itailro.ul, by taking the I»iv P.is-cngt-r Train will make conneelioii at *'a- mak wiih the Tram for M:if»n. ntr P.illiii u»N (Kirst-Cl Sleeping Carson all Nigtit Pas4.;nger Trains on the tie »rgla Uni 1 road ; anl First- Juts sleeping Gabon ail Night Trains on the Macon an 1 Augusta Railroad. S. K. JOHNSON, Sn,,t. CASS lL Ll ~A DA 1L<, O ESI G X<r E F? , ||in4 |ngravc? and Jrints:, EtiECTRITYPI'M, S. W. COKNKB V'orBTH AN D W l. . ! Cincinnati, * ■ mj. l.ock Mos ?:g, THE MARION, LargextOoen Step Slavs Minnfartnrel ! llitmlrt-ds of the Marion have l*e**n sold in Ath ens ind vicinity, and without an exception hive g.vcn unlHuinde I sati-factlon. To panics wishing a good stove at u small price. 1 can safely say that 7/ic Mirim is the Stove. THE SOUTHERN HOME, \n entirely n^w stove in design and construction. By a most novel arrangement, the part of the oven directly under the tire ln>x is protected from the strong h‘»at «*f thejire in this particular ida -e. aiul a uuiior.ii heat is obtained, in all parts <>rtlie oven, t hus •Ms-nrioit the most desirable thiiri in any stove, viz: IA eii biking nn.l roasting. Thia stove has bc. n in them irket but a short time, aud the large mI«*s siuce iis intriMliietion warrants the conclusion tii.it it will soon Ik* the LEADING STOV;.m«OflUNTRV RESQVfjt ioi turns, Sumet'ilhK Sew! A DI8C0V r ERY has recently lieen made by which Velvet, Brussels *and In grain t'ar|»etscan be thoroughly cleaned and reno- vitcd, without removing them from the floor. It iIso destrov» nod prevents moths. It thoroughly ele inses all covered furniture, such as Plush Chairs, Sociables, Divans, Rockers, etc. It is the acknowl edged cleanser for clothing of all descriptions, re moving grease spots and restoring their original colors. For silks, ribWi* and lace there is noth ing that equals it, and can be used without the slightest Injury to the finest fabric. It contains no acids, and is a pure Renovating solution. This is entirely a new process, and commends itself where- ever used. We will clean jour carpets, etc., or ftir- nish the solution, with directions for using. Athens, April 17, 1872. This certifies that Mr. Max M. Vverson has cleansed for me a very much soiled carpet, remov ing all grease s.*ota and, where not too much worn, r-storing the origiual colors. 1 cheerfully recom mend him to the citizens of Athens who may need his skillful service. U. HULL. The undersigned litis ; "relinked the receipt for il. • .♦•-jvc -:lut:r.aLvUi Mr. Max M. Myerson. and w *il prouintly att 'n ! to all orders left at his Paint -bop. on Jackson street, near the National Bank, april 19-tf JOHN POTTS. Win. A. Talnmdge, (IP. POST OFFICE. COL. AVKMK. ATIIEXS ATHENS, 6A. JDJjT-iti. 1872. •. b«Nati I ALSO KEEP T.1E FOREST CITY, QLEEN OF TFIE SOUTH. FIRESIDE, CAPITOL CITY. And Many Ollier Leading Slaves. 1 have on hand at all times a large stock of Till 1Varc of all Kinds Tin- mp thr.t ,/O.V/iii’ T/.V WARE has met introduction, isasulllcicut guarantee ROOFING, GUTTERING, AND.JOB WORK, OF ALL KiNDS, Fall and Winter Clothing. J. E. BITCH ] NVITES the attention of his friends and the public l<> his large aud carefully selec ted s.uck ol Rladi Midi Clothing V * .lcr In Wa*rhev, flocks. Jewelry, Silver-plated Ware, iu'.:*ra .» nts. . iacles, l»uns, PistoTa, Sp iiiug l^jujpT.ients, Ac. Ac. A .Select stock of American and im ported Watches, DoubleGuns with 40 inch barrel, excellent Jot long range. Pistols of all kinda. , Penetration of bull 6^ inches into wood. With a desire to please all, will sell the above good at verv reasonable prices. REPAIRING. Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Guns and Tistols, pr »mpt!y attended :o in a satisfactory manner.— Call and see for Yourselves. apr 4 11 pul’s Fiiriii'liin* Roods. His stock cm Drees French, German ami English ItruaLdotns, a v iriety of cotor-d cloths, i-incy ca»- sj.ncr s, heav.-r •lotii',ca''D»rs, melton-,fur «*e.ivers, L **i Ion a.id 6c.Rcli -oaUiig , silk velvet an l .mn -y Votings, Ac. My stoca ot Furuisaiug <»OnhIsciu- hraecs Shirt*, Collar*, Tie*, Saspen lers, Under- Shirts aiul Draicers, Half-Hose. Gto> as in great variety, etc. JaU ^ila k J';/ii. J. E. HITCH. Oct. I"-lf FREE! FREeTi FREeTi! SINGLE COPIES OF ROMAN’S Ml AL WOUO, A WEEKLY Agricultural Journnl r 4 -J- that has been publinhetl tweety-tbree years sn.st I/mis, having Hie largest Circu.aip.u* and tne tirst t'orps of contributors of any agricultural pa!**r fMih!i*|,ed in the valley of the Mississippi, wui I*** vMit free to all applicants. Send lor a copy. P'tainutn Address Norman J. <Tol- 1 uMUher, sLoutM. , Mo. dee 2011 GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE Agriculture" and the Me- ..... chanlc Arts. ,,f T ^tees Tisioiul niyauiz _ui Ill!' 2 *’ un< l<r the pro- u.at. E»uU eei.atoriai " a *he lal <»fMav ■rliulmnhip, anU ra. h roui.tJ , l “ lo a free Kepre-enuiive,. The ipouLot,*? “ ha.- •hips luimt be sixteen rears ..r . l !*“* -cboiar- WwleJn- »f .UUhm.u^ Kn^.h V" 1 '>»'« • Htstiwy of twe United .SiateaT U ' and tJIXUfinS “• hnii* All applications should lie o4dre»s^j april I2-4t W L ‘‘ r “ i4 *a‘. •iiiets Georgia. The Savannah Republican. Established in 1802. BY HARDER A SfUDDER. r. >■ '<.11.I.i. H. IV. .(I’Dutf. lernt; Invariably in Advance: Hx Month 4' I^Miahed eeery nttendfd to promptly. The manufactory is still in charge of Mr. W. il. JCNES, who will b • pleased to see ms old nc.tds aud customers. orders from th Country lor w^rk or goods will m«-»?t vritn piompl atieutioii. E. K. JONES, Carncr Braaland Tboravssts., ATHESS. R. T. BRUMBY & CO., Druggists and Pharmacists, And Dispensers of Family Medicines, W OT TaD rea|>pctfullv <nll nttontion Vt their el '^ani prep.irati-m ofeJervcscing solution of Citrate of Mignesi i, or Tasteless Salts, i Aperient Seitlidz Powders, Crn’i Orchard Sidts. Tlii< article Is m tnuf.iciure I from the waters «»f t!ie ceb-br ited *,intigs at t 'r ib Ore.i ud, Ky., and is a complete* substitute f*»r carbariir Pil.s, l.psoui 8alt. Hiu»* Mass, Calomel, Ac. It w rl® a s|>eeiflc action ipon the liv -r, excit ng it when languid to accre tion, and resolving its chronic engorgements. ROSE TOOTH POWDER A superior and well selected stock ol PERFUMERY, FANCY ARTICLES, FINE SOAPS, FINE SPONGES, And Plinrnncriili ai Specialties. J* W* H TEACHER OF MUSIC. YNFFICE i-orncr of Lumpkin and ' Clayton street*, neir the Epispocal Church. Pupil* living out of town can take their lessons and practice at the office. Pianos, Ops & Sheet Music for sale, on the most reasonable terms. All instru ments »f the best maker* and fully warranted.— I'ervon* -ledring to purchase can have an instru ment plac *d in their house, which, if not satisfac tory liter fair trial, can be returned or exchanged. WTPiann an 1 Organs sold on Monthly Pay- •nents, andoTd instruments taken in part payment, if In good condition. [oct 27-tf R. T. BRUMBY <£• CO. Druggists and Pharitiucists. CORNFLOUR PEARL GRITS and BIG HOMINY, At June 14-2t ENGLAND & OILR’S. TOB PRINTING neatly and quickly -I exocut:.! at the Banner Office. MARY A. EDWARDS, ) Ube) forDtroice.in n. L Franklin Sup'r Court, HENRY EDWARDS. J April Terui, 1H72. It appearing to the fourl that the Detendant, llenr; Edvarda, cannot be round in this county, and it further appearing that h.a residence la un known , it is ordered by the Court that service of tl»i- I.It- 1 ! he ,H’riCL’le<l I'T puhlication of this order once a month for four months precious lo the next n riii of ,|,is Court in the Southern lianner, a pa- her published in Athena, <>a. * true extract from toe minutes of Franklin Sn- P* r - a Court. June il, 1X72. THUS. A. LITTLE. Clerk. . Picture Frames, V i ADETO ORDER, of anv size, -* - and in various at vies of moulding, at HI?IIKK V S BOOKSTORE. Rales of Advertising: lint - |uare, «,t,t insertion «i ^Ki.h I77'i‘i ^71 ^nuCenu o*rt“£, hwert^TaTeek". aagii.mikDSffg emus pro”. . r eX |J^''7ifr“reading pnblie. Ni ! * U ** 0B " Liberal (Jasli Advances on OOTTOW* GBOOVR STUBBS SCO.. RESPECTFULLY inform the .5.att WfiSr^' Q,ar ^ Ftoid * fire proof warehouse, tV|,fc n Copnctxa sf2S.OM nolo, ia now ready tor the storage of cotton, and that they arc i ow prepared to make liberal cash advances on cotton in store and to hold a reasonable length cha ? in * hank rate* of Interest. If you want monsy. send your cotton to GROOVER, STUBBS & CO., '•r* v,f Sarannah, Ga. tm smMBMBa 0 ft C ESTER’ DICTIONARIES. s rj a ve been adopted by l X the male Board-of E'a-cf. •.. ..f * Virginia, Sorlh Carolina, Alabama, and Arkansus. In u*e in the cities of Richmond, Va., Sorfolk, Va., Mobile, Ala., Savannah, Ga., Message of ttorenior Suilk. : -ass •£>■ Executive DpjutnuSt, ) Atlasta, July 17, 1872. j lo the Senate and House of Represent atives: It is made my duty by the Constitu tion to give to the General Assembly imformation of the state of the Com monwealth, and to recommend to their consideration such measures as may b.- deemed necessary and expedient for the public good. I approach the dis charge of this duty with a feeling ot dithdence, produced by a consciousness that the subjects before me will re quire a more extended notice than X shall be able to bestow upon them* When I entered upon the duties of the Executive office, in January Sax great confusion existed in almost every department of our public affairs. Our finances were in the utmost disorder, and the stock boards of this country aud of Europe had been flooded with !x>nds, purporting to have been issued by this State, but yet regarded of doubtful validity. The administration of justice had been rendered ineffective by the abuse of the pardoning power; the confidence of the people in their public servants had been impaired by the fhithless conduct of leading offi cials, and a feeling of general distrust and insecurity prevailed. The civil authorities had so long been subordi nated to military power that many true men had reached the melancholy conclusion that civil liberty had al ready ceased to exist. The earnest efforts of every depart ment of the government have been di rected to the correction of these abuses, and if these efforts have not yet prov ed entirely successful, it has* been be cause the evils sought to be remedied were manifold aud deeply rooted.— Evils, the result of years of misrule, cannot be extirpated in a day. Much patient labor yet remains to be done, and in its performance I earnestly in voke the assistance of the representa tives of the people. PUBLIC DEBT AND FINANCES. By legislative act, entitled “ An Act to protect the people of the State of Georgia against the illegal and fraud ulent issue of bonds and securities, and for other purposes connected with the same,” passed Decomber 9, 1871, it was provided that ajoint committee of the Senate and House of Represent atives should be anpointed, whose du- it should be to ascertain and report c number of bonds and endorsements which had been issued and put into circulation by Rufus B. Bullock, late Governor; the aggregate amount thereof, by whom the same were sold, the amount of money paid therefor, the times when, and the persons to whom such payments were made, and all other facts connected with the his tory of said bonds. The committee appointed by virtue of thia act will submit their report, I learn, during the present session of the Legislature. While it is proper that I postpone any extended remarks upon the classes of claims and securities mentioned in the act, until after the information collected by the committee shall have been laid before you, yet I feel constrained to say that, in my opinion, the State is bound for the re demption of only such obligations as have been issued in conformity with law. If money raised upon unauthor ized securities has come into the Treas ury, the State is bound to account for the same. But considerations of nnb- lic policy forbid that tl e State should recognize as valid and binding any contract entered into by any person not authorized to make the same.— The Governor has no authority, by virtue of his office alone, to issue bonds of the State. To do this he must he specially authorized by a leg islative act, passed for that purpose. When so empowered, he becomes a special agent, and cannot transcend the limits of the grant conferring his powers. It is a well established prin ciple that perrons having dealings with public agents, in matters like this, are strictly bound to look'to the authority of such agents. The following is a consolidated state ment of the exiting debt of the State, created before the fourth day of July, VOL. XLI1.—NO. 5-—HEW SERIES VOL 5. NO. 40. ational Bank of Com- meree t**MFte th* ftgtet of the Stale m exchanging the old for the new bonds fitUtbg due this rear. This ar- rangemeni a as follows: An offer is to the holders of the old bonds to exchante therefor the new seven per cent jj>nds authorized to be issued by «***. In the event this offer should ao^jw accepted, it is proposed that the senji-annital interest shall con tinue to be paid upon the old bonds until the State shall be able to redeem the same. Thia arrangement is the best that c6uld be effected in the pres ent condition of the public credit, and it is believed that it will give satisfac- itora. There exists uo g the payment «f JpMK asaafei tion to lair. est _ _ toritjr, but'bain&etotistiled thattbs proposition to that effect, embraced in the arrangement above referred to, if carried out, will be promotive of the pnblie welfare, I respectfully recom mend that the same be approved by the Legislature. In effecting these arrangements, I have to acknowledge the obligations under which I rest to the Hon. Chas. J. Jenkins, who, while refusing all pe cuniary compensation-therefor as the agent of the State, brought to my aid the benefit of his well-known wisdom and experience. By the wasteful expenditure of the late administration, the State was de prived of the meaus of paying the semi-annual installment of interest on the public ’debt, and to supply such means it became necessary to resort to the doubtful expedient of a short loan. The necessary effect of this will be to place three seni-annual installments of interest on the public debt upon the revenue of the present year. In De cember next we shall have to pay the temporary-loan contracted to meet the interest falling due this summer.— Then following closely, in January and February thereafter, another semi annual installment will fall due. This we shall probably be able to meet with out serious difficulty. In June, July and August of next year, however, an other like installment will become due, and will be*, upon us before the taxes of next year can be collected. The temporary loan just negotiated should be promptly paid at maturity, aud provision be made to meet future in stallments of interest without recourse to temporary expedients. It is of the highest importance that the credit of the State be fully re-es tablished, to the end that the heavy burdens now resting upon the people may l»e removed as speedily ns possi ble. The present impoverished condi tion • of the country, produced by the late civil war, the disorganization ot our labor astern, and the wasteful ex travagance which characterized the acts of those lately in authority, ren der the practice of the most rigid econ omy indispensably necessary. Our resources should be husbanded, our expenditures confined with in the strictest limits of necessity, and public officials held to rigid accountability. By a wise, honest and faithful admin istration of the government, the public credit will soon be restored, aud the people relieved of the weight of taxa tion which now oppresses them. FLOATING DEBT OF WESTERN AND AT LANTIC RAILROAD. 000 per annum. This rental has been regularly and punctually paid. The terms and conditions of the lease are fully set forth in the accompanying documents, and need not to be recapit ulated here. The circumstances attending this transaction from its inception to its consummation, have excited great in terest in the public mind, and have been the subject of much diverse criti cism. In consequence of this fact, the Legislature at its late session, by a joint resolution, provided for the ap pointment of a committee, whose doty it was made to investigate and report upon the lease. This committee, I run informed, will submit their report jvdtofthHit Mfoioak' -Anydis- this Atlanta, Ga., <tc. The Mandarin Orthography .ad Pronut elation in 1868, showing the amounts and dates II /idfnn/n/in /iii/f I yp f /rntwesifir - . . ”. _ . . _ Washington and Lee University, The University of Virginia, The College of William and Mary, The University of Georgia, The Wesleyan University, Alabama, BREWER 1 & TILESTON, 17 Milk Street, ROSTOV. BLACKSMITHING. A llenlion, lhe Whole! rpHE UNDERSIGNED still con- L tinuea the above business at hla old s'-nd, the BRICK SHOP, on Prince Avenue, srhcie all elasae. of work in lii* line wUl be faithfully execu te-1. Particular attention given to hone-ahoelng. Those in want ot the genuine HEMPHILL PLOW, which la now so popular, will do well to call and Imy from the old man himself. Uia superior will alto be kept on hand. Thankful for past patronage, ho respectfully so licits a continuance at the anto. W. 8. HEMPHILL. dec 29*tf THE lOm WMUZINE OF AMERICA* The Largest in Form, the Largest in Circulation, and the only original FASHION MAtiAZIXf. T'YEMOREST’S ILLUSTRATED Lr MONTHLY conttins original Morion, now ■untie, household matter*, eerier*! and nflrteW- and iboouly reliable Fashions, with Full SliePattoms. Ye ilv, only *t no, with the toJcu- $d flO, sent post free to each subacriber, or, tha . 1 _ ’ __ _n a * aAno *—~ i Tnomtv* of the issue and maturity of the bonds: When Issued. 1842 and 1852 1*8 i»and 1843 1844 and 1848 1858 1859 1860 1861 1866 - When Dae. 1872 1873 1874 1878 1879 1880 1881 1S86 Amount. $560,500 137,000 251,500 100,000 200,000 200,000 100,000 3,600,000 Grand...., From the foregoing tabular state ment, it will appear that the total amount of onr bonded debt, contracted prior to July 4, 1868, is 85,238,500. To meet the bonds falling due the present summer, the Governor was authorized to issue bonds to the amount of 8700,000 due in twenty years and bearing interest at a rate not exceed ing seven per cent per annum, paya ble semi-annually. As required by the provisions of this act, I nave caused bonds to be prepared, and the same are now being used in exchange and redemption of the old bonds falling due the present year. By the third section of the act, a temporary loan was authorized in a sum not exceeding 300,000, fer the purpose of paying the semi-annual interest, due the present Your attention is also respectfully called tj. : the propriety of making provisiOb for the jiayment of the float ing debt of the Western and Atlantic Railroad'. The annual report of the Comptroller General, herewith trans- mitted,allows that there was paid out of the public treasury during the year 1871, td etaims belonging to the class just named, the sum of 8453,089 92. There ie still * large number of just such claims outstanding, a portion of which have been audited by the com- missioneits appointed by the Legisla ture in the act approval October 24, 1870. ,p,‘ ... At the late session of the General Assembly a committee was appointed with powertb investigate the conduct of the said commissioners, and to in quire whether any claims had been al lowed them after being rejected by the Legislature or by the courts, or wheth er any claims had been allowed which had been barred by the statute of lim itations, and whether any fraudulent and illegal claims had been allowed, and upon what evidence. No war rants have been issued for the pay ment of these claims since my acces sion to office. It is a matter of doubt whether lay appropriation exists for their payment, and 1 deemed it proper and respectable to await action on the part of the Legislature, before direct ing further payments to be made. . I would also call your attention to the fact, that there is outstanding a large amount of claims against the State, in the form of change bills, and notes issued by the Western and At lantic Railroad. Most of these pur- C irt to have been issued during the te war, and others bear date as for back as the time when the road was being constructed. I have been in formed that it has been held by the courts of Tennessee, that the full amount specified on the face of the change bills issued during the war is recoverable. In view of the fact that much litigation mav arise, chd great expense be incurred in suits brought in the courts of Tennessee for the col lection of these bills, I respectfully re- . no, and in ad^aiM oPttef e -evidence, might justly be deemed pre mature. The magnitude of the interests ia- 'volved, and the concern which the transaction has excited iu the public mind, render it proper that I should invoke at your hands, whenever you should feel it to be your duty to take up this important matter f tr consider ation, the exercise of your highest wis dom and justice. I fed assured that vou will lose sight ot neither the true interests of the people, the honor and digityn of the Stiite, nor the rights of the lessees. POPULAR EDUCATION. I transmit herewith the report of the State School Commissioner upon the present condition aud wants of our common school system, to which I re spectfully invite your atteution. The attempt to establish the com mon school system in this State has not been crowded with the sucoesa which was anticipated. It is not diffi cult to understand the causes which have led to this result. In the im poverished condition of the people it has beeu found impracticable to raise the means at once to carry into suc cessful operation a system so. expensive without too great an increase of taxa tion. Even the scant means which have come into the treasury, and which, by the constitution, were set apart and devoted to common' school purposes, have been misapplied. By order of the General Assembly, in the year 1870, the sum of 8240,- 027 62, belonging to the school fund, was taken from the Treasury. Soon after this was done the Legislature passed an act establishing a cumbrous aud expensive system, requiring for its successful operation a heavy outlay of money. No efficient appropriation was made for defraying the expenses of the system. The necessary conse- ouence of this unwise procedure was tkiat heavy debts were contracted in the employment of teachers, and for other purposes. The present General Assembly, at its late session, sought to correct existing evils by remodeling the whole system. The law as it now stands, although an improvement up on previous legislation, is still very de fective. These defects are pointed out in the report of the Commissioner, aud the necegsary remedial legislation suggested. I cannot too urgently re commend that provision be at once made for paying the just claims of teachers. When the school fund was takeu from the Treasury, certain bonds of the State were deposited in lien of the ssnie. The Governor was authorized to sell these bonds to raise money to pay the teachers, but the power to sell was expressly made dependent upon the condition that such sale could be made without injury to the public credit.— Upon jnquiry maim of the Treasurer, I found that the bonds bore litho graphed coupons, and in his judgment were so defectively executed as to be of little or no value. As an evidence of this, it was stated that they bad been offered by the late Governor, in the New York market, but a sale of them had been found impracticable, except, at a ruinous sacrifice. Being satisfied that the mere foot of these bonds, thus executed, being placed upon the market would greatly impair the credit of the State, 1 deem ed it to be my duty to defer any at tempt to sell them, and to submit the matter to the General Assemblv. summer, upon the bonds of the State commtn6(f that tome provision be made issued before the first day of June, i whereby these evils may be avoided. 1868, which loan, it is provided, shall TH western ani be paid back out of the moneys receiv-1 *^ 8E OF THE WESTEB “ A5i ed from the taxes paid into the treas- fur JS 00poMfa dec 1 . Address W. JK»NING8DEM0BKST Hi Broadway, New Yon. 4 Ii ANDRETfif 5 ^ TU&T RECEIVED*.-a- foi supply O «f ftwh 8ted ml fbm. 4 . NEW DRUG STORE. ary during the year 1872. Acting under the authority thus con ferred, I borrowed from the National Bank of Commerce, in New York, the sum of $200,000 at seven per cent S r annum, to be re-paid on the first y of Decomber next. This sum was placed to the credit of the State on the Z9th day of June last, and Is sufficient to pay the interest . foUlqc d*a npoq our old debt in the months of Jane, July and August An arrangement has also been ef- OF THE WESTERN AND ATLAN- :• | TIC RAILROAD. The attention of the Legislature has neter'been formally called to the lease of the'Western and Atlantic Railroad, and I therefore-transmit herewith cop ies of all the papers of record and on file in this department, referring to tbestoaoi taraa^f ** From'.these papers it will appear that on tha 27th day of December, 1870, ray predecessor leased the road, its rolling rtock and other property, wntti WWpflM wftfo sum rof $25,000 per month, or $800,- AGRICULTURAL LAND SCRIP. By an act of Congress, passed in the year 1862, donations of land were ot tered to the States for the purpose of establishing agricultural and mechani cal colleges. The States accepting the donations were allowed until the sec ond day of July instant, to establish the colleges. The scrip issued to the State of Georgia, under the provisions of said act ot Congress, was sold by my immediate predecessor, at ninety cents per acre, making the sum of $243.<MM). Of this, the sum of $50,- 400 has been received. The remain ing portion will not become due until the third day of July, 1873. Finding that the time in which the colleges in this State must be estab lished, if at alL would expire before the meeting of the General Assembly, and feeling unwilling to apply to Con grass to extend the time, toe the rea son that such application, in all prob- abjjity, would have been used as a pre text for attaching to the donation con ditions; which would have rendered the same odious to the people, 1 determin ed that it was ray duty to exercise the power conferred upon the Executive by the Legislature, and to save this iaprtaltdiiaidiir’ our people- > The Question arose, how oould this best be done. >■.«'. In looking over the State, it was found that ve bad several excellent in stitutions of learning, and that the people J* several toeulitiee desired to have tho college established in their midst This was natural and praise worthy. But my dura- wee plainly pointed ont by law, and beyond this I could not go. The act of the Legfefe* tore, approved December 12, 1866, conferred upon the 'Governor all |ha power necessary to save the fond to the State. Tho aofrof *~ that the college should be actually es tablished by the second day of July, 1872. There was no such college in existence in this State, and I, as the chief executive officer under the Gov ernment, had no authority to create such an institution. The Legislature had foiled to organize a college for this purpose, or to dispose of the fund, and would not reassemble in time to take the necessary action. What then could be done? By the terms of its charter, the Trustees of the University of the State located at Athens, and already in suc cessful operation, possessed ample pow ers to establish such a college as that described in fne act of Congress mak ing th* donation, and it ww only fay come forfeit. The Trustees field's meeting in this city on ihe thirtieth day of March last, when they organ ized a college in conformity to the law granting the donation, mrde formal application for the use of tho fund, and received au Executive order be stowing the same upon the University. 1 herewith transmit copies of the iroceedings hod at said meeting of the Trustees, and of the Executive order referred to. It may be remarked that the act of Congress prescribed the conditions upon which the donation wa3 made.— One of these conditions required that the State, upon accepting the douatiou, should become bound to preserve the fund, and to see that no part of the same was lost or misapplied. The acceptance of the fund made the State trustee for the uses declared in the act creating the trust. To enable the State to perform its duty and to pro tect the fund it was manifestly neces sary that the same should be kept within control of the Legislature. The University is a State iustitutinn, and the actiou of the Trustees umy be re viewed by the General Assembly.— This is true of no other institution of learning in the State. In granting the use of the fond to the University therefore, I was careful to place it where the Legislature would still re tain the power to interpose for its proper application and preservation.— No part of the principal fund, or of the interest, could be appropriated to the purchase or erection of buildings for the college, but no delay was oc casioned on this account, since there were already suitable buildings belong ing to the U Diversity, which could & used for that purpose. For there and other reasons which might be given, I deemed it to be my duty to save the donation in the only practicable way left open to me, and to grant the fund to the University of the State. It may be added that the college went info operation on the first day of May under the most promising auspi ces, and that there are already about one hundred students receiving instruc tion in the same free of charge. The prospect is that this number will be largely increased, and that the State, so far at least as her agricultural and mechanical interests are involved will soon enter upon a new and more prosperous career. What we. most need is thorough and practical educa tion, and this the new college promises to secure to all classes of the people— to the poor as well as to the rich and more fortunate. , PENITENTIARY. By authority of the act approved December 14, 1871, authorizing the Governor to form out the convicts in the penitentiary, I proceeded, after due notice given, to leases the same for the term of two years, to Messrs. Grant Alexander & Co., at the sum of fifty dollars per eaptia per annum. The number of convicts in the penitentiary on the day the lease was executed was 432. The number on the first of this month had increased to 475. Thirty two have been discharge ! in the mean time, their terms having expired. This marked increase in the number of convicts is not due to any augmenta tion of crime in the State, but is be lieved to be the result entirely of a more rigid and proper enforcement of the laws. This institution heretofore has been a source of expense to the State. Under the present arrange ment, however, it is not probable that any appropriation will become neces sary for its support and maintenance. Ou the contrary it will probably be productive of considerable revenue. PARDONING POWER. It may be here remarked, that ;n the present state of society I have felt it to be my duty to confine the exerc ise of the pardoning power within very strict limits. Courts aud juries con stitute the proper tribunal for the trial of criminal offenses, aud it is no part of the duty of the Executive to intervene to screen the guilty from punishment. The theory of the law upon this subject is, that when guilt has been ascertained in the manner prescribed by the supreme authority, the interest of society demands that the offender be punished. The most painful duty which devolves upon the Chief Magistrate of the Commonwealth is the refusal of appeals made to Ex ecutive clemency. Impressed as I have been, however, with the contri tion that the good order, peace and welfore of society depend in a large measure, upon the due enforcement of the laws. I have felt constrained to re- fuse to interfere with the due execu tion of judgments pronounced hffoe judicial authorities. It is believed that a strict adherence to this line of duty will result, at no distant day, in restoring to the people tlmt feeling of security, without which society can be neither prosperous nor happy. I am glad to have it in my power to add that there iuu been a marked diminu- tion of crime throughout the State, and that there is reason to believe that this diminution will become more marked in the foture. *'• A< LUNAtIO CONVICTS. - 1 Your attention is respectfully called ever, making the dnnqtHraNraiptiM 1 taMffttttltf the $tv now stands in regard to the rition to he made of luL_ _ . Under our present system, there is uo provision oflnw specially adapted to such cases. When the convicts were confined in the State prison, under direct control of the Principal Keep er, a provision existed for the removal of lunatic convicts from the Peniten tiary to the Lunatic Asylum, upon >roper certifiestesof lunacy being made >y the Physician of the Penitentiary and the Principal Keeper. At this time, however there is no such officer' as Physician of the Penitentiary, ami thePrincipal Keeper has ceased to have peculiar custody and control of the convicts. The only evidence, there fore, upon which the Superintendent of th« Lunatic - Asylum is authorized cannot' bound by their contract and by‘the law to treat the convicts with humani ty, and to confine them securely ; but there is no provision prescribing the proceedings to be had in care any of them becomes lunatic. I therefore i e- commend the passage of such act a* will cure the evil here pointed out. LUNATIC A8YI.UXL I herewith transmit the report of iho * special committee appointed to iuvestf- ;ate the condition ot the Lunatic A um. The investigations of the com mittee have been thorough, ami th-j information which they have collected in regard to this great * charity cannot fail to attract the earnest attention of the General Assembly. The number of patients now being treated in the' Asylum is large, and tho expenses at tending the same are heavy. The**' unfortunates must be cared for, how ever, and to that end all needed re forms in the administration of the in stitution should be introduced, ami all existiug abuses corrected. The com mittee, whose report is now submitted, is composed of gentlemen of high char acter and marked abilities, and any suggestions that they should muke aro entitled to the most respectful consld- . eratiou. MAIMED SOLDIERS, I respectfully ask that your atom * tion be directed to the subject of sup plying means to furnish artificial limbs to such indigent soldiers of this State as were maimed in the late war, whether in the service of the State of Georgia or the Confederate States.— * The Genera] Assembly, in 1866, made an appropriation for this purpose, hut I am adv jed that there are still many' indigent soldiers remaining who have never been supplied with artificial' limbs. The report of the Comptroller General, made in the year I860, shows that a portion of the appropriation mode in 1869 is still unexpended. As- this fund cannot now be drawn from the treasury without further action by the Legislature, I respectfully recom mend that an appropriation be made sufficient to meet the wants of thU meritorious and unfortunate class of our fellow-citizens. Those patriotic men gave their natural limbs to the service of the State, and it is but little to ask that the State should replace' them with artificial limbs. OUB DEAD SOLDIERS. Your attention is also earnestly called to the fact that the bodies of over two thousand soldiers, who fell fighting upon our own soil, still re main uncared for on the hillsides aud in the vallys, where they surrendered their lives in our defense. By appro priation heretofore made, and by pri vate contributions of means and time, expended under the patriotic direction of the ladies composing the board of trustees of the Georgia Memorial As sociation, twenty-two hundred and eighty bodies have been gathered up and decently interred in the Soldiers' Cemetery laid out for that purpose Ht Marietta. AU the means on hand have long since been exhausted.— Nothing further has been done within the last three years, and now even tl.e cemetery, prepared with such pious care, has faUen into decay from lack of funds to keep it up. I respectfully inquire—how long shaU this neglect ijo- permitted to continue? Having put our bands to this good work, shall »> turn back and leave it unfinished ?— These men died for us. Shall ao not, then, at least save their bones from the plow-share, and pat them tenderly away ? Duty calls us, and our noble women stand ready, with tearful eves, to peform the hqly task. Our people are poor, sod the State is cramped in her finances—for the stranger and the spoiler have been among us—but wo are not so poor but that we can vet * bury ourdcad. • •' <■> MILITARY INTERFERENCE. ’Ji lt may be that it is unnecessary to caU your attention to the correspond ence which was recenty had by this department with the commandant of the military forces of the United State* stationed at this place, in reference to the interference in our local affhirs by armed Federal soldiery. The copte* of fetters, herewith transmitted, will put you id possession at all the /acts connected with this unauthorized at tempt to set aside and supersede the authority of the State; ' It ts the ear nest desue of the people of Georgia to preserve good order, to put down crime in their midst, to discharge all their duties, public and private, in a peace able manner, aba to maiotain between tha authorities of this State and of the- United States kind and pleasant. eria-~- Such ia my own fixed purpose aa the Govern^ rf t&jaS* It; is hoped, however, that, we have sceiLtbe last of this kind of interference wiffc doraratioafirira. wTbaro-fc tmittvr- reason for it nor warrant oCfe*, It “ my duty aa Chief Magistrate ofofae . Commonwealth, to nphold' the lawt^ to maintain good, order within our fen ders, and to protect Jhe people in their tore has dot&ad^bh^^tiMtira^riitti ‘ ample powers. Thera iff riot likely to arise an emergency wh*a r the aid of- tbe Federal authorities will be requir ed. »c4 there oes never oroar a case i*