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sTljamilg lournal—fthettb to flttos, $ol itits, Jiterata, ^'gridtere, a ntr % Internal Interests of tj^ VllllKE DOLLARS PER ANNUM IN ADVANCE. - - . a ! Miscellaneous. I IAV n oarcv ATHENS, GA. AUGUST lb, 1872. Address on. TrJdt/n/rtinit there b no necessity for law of mv 7 R73 033 YOL. XLI1.-N0. 8—NEW SERIES VOL. 5. NO. 43.; — .s. (I he Southern anner. n in.iviw " u , h ''';., AV BY S. A. ATIvlA^OA, AT THREE IX)IJ-t BS ,>EB ANNUM, STRKTl. 1* /•>’ ADyASCE. 9 >i,r, frmd stiver J.1I. Huggins. IUTKS OF AOTEUTISlNd. ».|»erti.en»ent» will beins*rU*lst One Dollar and „ p.r s-rnrr of 12 lines, for the first, and ! :„i' hve C< nl-f .r each subsequent Insertion, • ' I,,, time mi lerone month. For a longer period ..V’.r.t eon! rart« "ill he maile. E.E. JONES, DEALER IX STOVES, Business Directory. i vmu* conn. a. s. f.rwin. howell cobb COltIt, ERWIN ti COBB, \ T T 0 UN EYS AT LAW. , \ Alliens, (ieorgia. Office An the Dcuprec M’MPKItf HKMRY JACKSOS Lumpkin & Jackson, TTllRNKYS AT LAW, will practice in' the s : rr.mn .,f Clark county, the Supreme Slate, an.l the Bolted State* t'ourl V Fourt of lit** - f«*r the Northern District of Georgia. feh. Oti SAMUEL P. THLRM0Nd7 TTORNEY A T L A \V Athens, tia. office on Broad street, over MirrrA Son's Store. Will give special attention t.. eases in Bankruptcy. Also, to the collection of all claims entrusted to his care. J. J. * J. r. ALEXANDER EALERS IN HARDWARE, el, Nalls, Carriage Material, Mining inplements. A.-., Whilchallst., Atlanta. \Yd JNVITES ATTENTION TO HIS mw WALL STOCK GX.BS , CHIMNEYS AND PURE KEROSENE OIL. Call and examine his stock beiore purchasing, sept 15-tf. TIN-WA RE, HAVE the STILL ON HAND A M.VAN ESTES, T T O’.u N E Y A T Homer, Banks County. Oa. L A W, PITTMAN & HINTON, A TTORNEYS A T L A W , II. Jefferson, Jackson county, Oa. NOTICE OF CHANGE OF SCHEDULE OS Til K GEORGIA and MACON and AUGUSTA RA1LR0DS. OS. Superintendent's Office, ' ] Georgia and Marno k Avgusta Railroad. - Augusta, O.i., Jan<* 5,1872. ) I s AND AFTER VVEDNES- >AY, Juneflth, 1872,-the Passenger Trains on the Gvorgi t and Macon anJ Augusta Railroads will run as follows : GEORGIA RAILROAD. Dag Passenger Train will licare Augusta at 20*.m. Leave AltMidaat S 15 a. in. Ariiveat Atlanta at t» 40p.ni. Arrire at Augusta at..'. ~5 30p. u». Night Passenger Train. Leave Augustaat -8 15 p. id. Leave Atlanta at 00 p. n» Arrive at Atlanta at - 0 45a. in. Arrive at Augustaat 6 00a. tn. MACON AND AUGUSTA R. It. Day Passenger Train. !«eav© Augusta at.. ....11 00 a. m. Maeon at 0 50 a. m. Arrive in Augusta at ~ 2 45 p. m. Arrive in Macon at 7 40 p. m. Night. Passenger Train. Jeeare Augusta at 8 15 p. m. Leave Macon ai 10 00 p. m. rrivein \ugusta at 0 00 a. ni. Ar.ave in Macon at.. 4 15a. m. Passengers from Atlanta, Athena, Washington and srati *»»» «»n Georgia Railroad, hy taking the I>ay Passenger Train will make connection at C male witla ihe Train for Mncon. Pulliii in’- Firsi-Classi Sleeping Cars on i Night Pass *ng »r rninion the Georgia Railron* an I First-’lass >1 *eping Carson all Night Trains on Ihe Macon and Augusta Railroad. ^ 17 lAIIMCftV CASS ILL 7 ADAMS, ZD ESIGNB R , and ELECTROTYPINQ, . ro>,ca Forum »»» Winn Strf.kt, Cincinnati, Ohio. Lick Box 226, HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, I Largest Variety of Stoves in Athene, which I will famish at the Irirttl Hr- ing price*. THE MARION, Ijargest Oven Step Stove Manufactured ! Hundreds of the Marion have Been sold in Ath ens and vicinity, and without an exception have given unlioniided satisfaction. To parties wishing a good stove at a small price, I can .safely say that 'Ihe Marion is the Stove. THE SOUTHERN HOME, a entirely new stovo in design and construe!Ion. By a moot novel arrangement, the jiart of the oven directly under the fire box is protected from the strong heat of the tire in this particular place, and a uniform heal is obtained, in all parts of the oven, thus securing the mom desirable thinj; in any stave, vi*: Even baking and roasting. This stove has been in the market but a short iimc f and the large sales since its in trot 1 net ion warrants the conclusion that it will soon be the UADINGSTOVMfi'COUNTRY RENOVATE HOUR CARPETS. Something Sew! A DISCOVERY has recently lieen made by which Velvet, Brussels and In grain Carpets can be thoroughly cleaned and reno vated, without removing them from the floor. It also destroys and prevents moths. It thoroughly cleanses all covered furniture, such as Plush Chairs, his skillful service. II. 1IULL. £ ur< (r. Max M. Myerson. and will promptlv attend to all orders left at his Paint hop, on Jackson street, near the National Bank, april 19-tf JOHN POTTS. Win. A. Taliiiailge, OP. POST OFFICE, COL. A VEX I E, ATHENS The State Should Educate the People. AN ADDRESS Delivered before the Dehosthe* nian and Phi Kappa Literary Societies of the University of Georgia, Monday, Aug. 5,1872. BT EM0EY SPEER, ESQ. Gentlemen of ti e Phi Kappa and Demosthcnian Societies: Popular tastes are usually respected by the public speaker. Conservative tastes are popular, and the opposing and stronger principles of progress are everywhere regarded with suspicion.— It is extremely injudicious, therefore, for the ambitious orator to ignore those time-honored precedents, and those very respectable conventionalities which many good people prefer to independ ent thinking. The allied generals, train ed in the school of Marlborough and Eugene, were scandalized at the irreg- tSjttfSwEStoi SShTSg *of ai/VeacriTitfona? reT ul . ar evolutions of the young Napoleon, moving grease spots and restoring their original colon. For silks, ribbons and lace there ia noth ing that equals it, and can lie used without the slightest injury to the finest fabric. It contains no acids, and is a pure Renovating solution. This is entirely a new process, and commends itself when ever used. We will cleanyour carpets, etc., or fur nish the solution, with directions for using. Athens, April 17, 1872. This certifies that Mr. Max M. Myerson has cleansed for me a very tnwh soiled carpet, remov ing nil grease spots aiid, where not too much worn, restoring the original cohos. I cheerfully recom mend him to the citu.enaof Atueus who may uced sort. Alas! this is not life. Our Corydons are perspiring peasants, with bad tempers. Our Amaryllises are more charming, it is true, than any shephardess who danced with rythmi cal grace to the flageolet in the bosky dells of Arcadia, but sometimes are proper subjects for social restriction.— A sense of our weakness. Blackxtone K. JOHNSON, Supt. I ALSO’KEEP THE FOREST CITY, QUEEN OF TnE SOUTH, FIRESIDE, CAPITOL CITY, And Many Ollier Leading Stoves. I have on hand at all times a large stock of Tin 1 Vare of all Kinds The success that JONES' TIN WAKE lias met with since its introduction, is a auliicieut guarantee for its excellence. ROOFING, GUTTERING, AND JOB WORK, OF ALL KiNDS, attended to promptly. The manufactory is still in charge of Mr. \V. H. JCN ES, who will be pleated to see his old friends and customers. Orders from the country for work or goods will meet with prompt attention. E. E. JONES, • Corner Broad and Thomas sts., ATHENS. Fall and Winter Clotliiiu J.E. BITCH I NVITES the attention of his friends and the public to his large and carefully selec ted stock of Rudy Made Clothing AND lient’s Furnishing Goods. llis stock embrees French, German and Knglish Broadcloths, a variety of colored cloths, fancy cas- »i meres, beaver cloths, castors, melton.-,fur beavers, London and Scotch coatings silk velvet and fancy Vestings, Ac. My stock of Furnishing Goods em braces Shirts, Collars, Ties, Suspenders, Under- Shirts and Drawers, Half-Hose. Gloves in great variety, etc. {wte $at 6 {ilia n$ in gsstjiyl?. J. E. RITCH. auHuuRscniRunn^tkiujQniaiimnnnsBiaRsini^i^gu Dealer in Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver-plated Ware, Musical Instruments, Speotacles, Guns, Pistols, Sporting Equipments, Ac.. Ac. A Select Stock of American and im ported Watches, Double Guns with 40 inch barrel, excellent for long range. Pistols ol all kinds. Penetration of bull 6*^ inches into wood. With a desire to please all, will sell the~abovegood at very reasonable prices. REPAIRING. Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Guns and Pistols, promptly attended to in a satisfactory manner.— Call and see for yourselves. apr 4 x* w* TEACHER OF USIC. I "vFFICE corner of Lumpkin and * * Clayton streets, near the Epispoc.il Church. Punils living out of town can take their lessons and practice at the office. Pianos, Organs & Sheet Music for sale, on the most reasonable terms. All instru ments of the best makers and fully warranted.— Persons desiring to purchase can have an instru ment placet! in their bouse, which, if not satisfac tory after fair trial, can be ret urn t* 1 •• v.-'iuug.-M, Pianos ami Organs sold on M*.- ih’; IV. ments, and old instruments taken in part payment, if in good condition. [oct 27-tf FREE! FREE!! FREE!!! single eoriES of COLMAN’S BUBAL WORLD, A WEEKLY Agricultural Journal that has been published twenty-three years in St. Louis, haring the Largest Circulation and the heat Corps of contributors of any agricultural paper published in the valley of Ihe Mississippi, will be sent free to all applicants. Send for a copy, erms—$2 per annum. Address Norman J. Gol an, Publisher, sLoupSt. , Mo. dee 291t GEORGIA STATE COLLEGE Agriculture aiml the Me- T . v ehanic Arts. l5 u,.° r . der of l ^ e B° ar d of Trustees visional P 1 * 1 ** 8 . under the nro- ■nnl *'» '-*ln on lire l.t of .Mav .Mholarahip. and e^h r . unV.“.' " U ‘ tl * d '° ,* *[*• Bepreaantatl.c,. Th.^",V . S' mi ">‘ •» h»* oh,pa aw l« f'-r threerebolar- Anowlrdg* nf Artth£/u£V£Kr- “ J ha ''«‘ » fair Minor, of the Fnitod ' “**• Oeography and The Trasters are inakine •board at fti 50 per^“rafemeatsto furnish All applleatlon. .hm.ld V *4d T «oM april 12-U ‘ ‘ I’rr.ld.nt, <J«orgia. TheSa L=!!,fe Wto »- R. T. BRUMBY & CO., and Pharmacists, Jml Dispensers of Family Medicines, A\7"OULD respectfully call attention V V to their elegant preparation of effervescing solution of Citrate of Magnesia, or Tasteless Salts, Aperient Seitlidz Ponders, Crab Orchard Salts. This article is manufactured from the waters of the celebrated springs at Crab Orchard, Kv., and is a complete substitute for cathartic Pills, Epsom Salt, Blue Mass, Calomel, Ac. It exerts a specific action upon the liver, exciting it when languid to secre tion, and resolving its chronic engorgements. ROSE TOOTH POWDER A superior and well selected stock ol PERFUMERY, FANCY ARTICLES, FINE SOAPS, FINE SPONGES, And Pharnneculii al Specialties. R T. BRUMBY" <t- CO. Druggists and Pharmacists. W •am smim). 0 RG ESTER 1 DICTIONARIES. s BY CORN FLOUR PE2IRL GRITS and BIG IIOMINY, ENGLAND & ORR’S. BY If.lSDEE x a.*., ). SCUDDEU. "• W. * , At June 14-2t TOB PRINTING neatly and quickly U executed at the Banner Office. MARY A. EDWARDS. *) Libel for Divorce, i* ts. V Franklin Sup'r Court, HENRY EDWARDS. J April Term, 1872. It appearing to the Court that the Defendant, Henry Edwards, cannot be found in this county, and it further appearing that his residence is un known , it ia ordered by the Court that service of this Libel be perfected by publication of this order once a month for four months previous to the next term of this Court in the Southern Banner, a pa per published in Athens, Ga. A true extract from the minutes of Frapklin Su perior Court. June 11, 1872. TUOS. A. LITTLE. Clerk. Picture Frames, 1 ADETO ORDER, of any oize, J *' *- and iu various stvies of moulding, at BURKE'S BOOKSTORE. lnmriahl !I^ A<Lapce: ^ix M .othly 5 00 (for.hream.nthxlui^uUlZ ' Ct * ■wire °f, -^tveRieiig: iawrriiu’n, M*eia.** A*!! 0 ** Eac)l *ub*ft- - 1 >U«a utation Liberal Cash Advances on COTTOW. E > ESPECI FULLY inform the k> Merchants and planters of Georgia, Florida and Alabama, that their large FIRE PROOF WAREHOUSE, With n Cnpacily wf'A2,000 Bnlca, is nor ready for the atorageof cotton, and that they are «ow prepared to hake liberal cash advances on cotton in atom and to hold n reasonable length #f time, charging bank rates oflnterest. If yon want naoaay, tend your cotton to GROOVER, STU9BS & CO., *eptz-tf Savannah, On. TTAVE IJL at the YOUR PRINTING done Southern Banner Job Office. H ave been adopted the State Boards of Education of Virginia, North Carolina, Alabama, and Arhanms. In use in the cities of Richmond, Va., Norfolk, Va., Mobile, A la., Savannah, Ga., Atlanta, Ga., <Cr. The standard in Orthography and Pronunciation in Washington and Ijce University, The University of Virginia, The College of William and Mary, The University of Georgia, 'Ihe Wesleyan University, Alabama, BREWER & TILEsTON, 17 Milk Street, BOSTON. BLACKSMITHING. Attention, the Whole! r PHE UNDERSIGNED still con- tinue* the aln»ve business at his old stand, the BRICK SHOP, ort Prince Avenue, where all classes of work in his line will be faithfully execu ted. Particular attention given to horse-shoeing. Those in want ol the genuine HEMPHILL PLOW, which is now so popular, will do well to call and buy from the old man himself, llis superior will al*> be kept on hand. Thankful for paal patronage, he respectfully i licit* a continuance of the ame. W. s. HEMPHILL. dec 2«;tf THE MODEL HAGAZ1SE OF AMERICA. The Largest in Form, the Ixirgest in Circulation, and the- only original FASHION MACAZ1SIF. D EMORESTS ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY contains original stories new music, household matters, general and artistic lit erature, and the only reliable Faahlona, with Full Siie Patterns. Yearly, only SaOO^with theSpleii- dld Chrorno, when he beat their armies in the dead of winter, or destroyed them by man- oeuvers not more terrible in effect than subversive of the best authorities in military tactics. This reference to the “ man of destiny” is not appro priate to the present occasion, save to illustrate the power of habit and rou tine ; for the temerity of that man who violates a canon of conventionali ty, is worthy of the terrible passage of the bridge of Lodi, or the charge of the imperial guard at Waterloo. It is therefore, gentlemen, with no small degree of hesitation that I call your attention to a theme of urgent popular necessity, upon an occasion by long usage almost consecrated to the grace ful amenities ot literature, Bandusian fountains, Sabine Groves, the vale of Tempe, the Muses, the Graces, and all the fairer inhabitants with which genius has peopled the realms of fan- sy. It is indeed a most momentous subject to which I invite your consid eration. You who have for it curbed the exuberant spirit of youth into sys tem an 1 method. You, who, day by day, toil with manly enthusiasm for its distinctions of intellect. You who gather the rich harvests from its crops of eternal fruitfulness. You who lend by your fair presence encouragement to its votaries. You who wish the amelioration of your species, the pro gress of civilization, the triumph of liberty, will surely listen while I advo cate tiie claim of the people to educa tion. An humble advocate of a great thought! True, but what say you to the cause and the motive ? The labor of every man is perishable and vanishing as his life, but the sacred idea of contributing to the improve ment, the enlightenment, and the mor ality of men is transmitted like heritage, to far off generations, and in its name the tribute of the obscure la borer will be perpetuated and immor talized The term education has been fre quently defined, with much metaphys- | ical nicety, and with great care in the use of choice and expressive werds. Since no temporal question is of more importance, none more justly deserves careful definition. While the gen ius of later times has exhausted its loftiest powers of thought and lan guage in the task, the grand intellect of David, the sweet singer of Israel, has embalmed the thought in living lan guage, and all others have simply pirated and paraphrased. “Teach me true understanding and knowledge, and I will learn thy laws.” This is education. If we discipline our pow^ ers of thinking until we possess true understanding. If we store our minds with the thoughts and the wisdom of other men, and other times, until we acquire true knowledge. If, as a con sequence, we learn the laws of nature, the laws of mind, the laws of men, the laws of God, we are educated. This definition will be regarded with pccu liar favor by those who believe that the law-making power should exercise watch and ward over education, as the best means of teaching law, and the most efficacious of all methods for in suring obedience toils mandates. The intention and design of education is well understood, and I advance at once to the inquiry, should the State educate the people? A roan who would pause to discuss this question in the centres of European culture and science would be regarded as a sort of modern Rip Van Winkle, who had awaked from the drowsy sleep of century; and if he should answer the inquiry in the negative, the thinkers of Berlin or Paris would regard him as a lunatic of that aggravated type which never enjoys a lucid interval.— We of this country have had little time for such experience, and the discussion possesses many features of novelty.— To deny that the State should educate the people is to mistake the very ob ject for which government was design ed. What is the object of the social bond ? Protection to life, liberty and property. Organized encouragement to morality and virtue. Does ignor ance further these objects ? If, on the contrary, we see that more than any thing else it is the enemy of those great purposes for which society is designed, then surely Government—the consti tuted guardian of society—should wage an eternal warfare with ignor ance. If life was a scene of pastoral enjoyment. If every woman, was an Amaryllis, and every man a Corydon. If the whole duty of man was to lead tractable sheep through green pastures and by still waters, why need we per- Corvdon with equations and loga- our weakness, Blackstone tells us, has ever made society a neces sity ; and therefore society should use every exertion to remedy its well-ascer tained defects, and when it becomes apparent to Government that to edu cate the people is to protect them, thorough and efficient systems of pop- of ular education should everywhere be devised Lad established. The minds of men are, never passive. They grow with irrepressible tendencies for good or evil, and this activity is not hurtful. “TVhatUman, If his chief good and market of his time Be but to sleep and feed. A beast no more—but Sure, lie that made us with such large discourse, Looking before aud after, gare us not That capability, God-like reason To rust in us unused." This activity of miud gives a force and power to the progress of popular education which can scarcely be com prehended by those questionable abili ties which oppose it. It is the march of intellect, it is the progress of mind, it is the triumph of reason with van quished sensuality bound to the glow ing wheels of her chariot. Bigotry has condemned it. Fanaticism has burn ed its advocates at the stake. But in tolerant ignorance and the machina tions of priestcraft are alike ineffectual. Avarice clntches the coffer keys and strives to fly from its requisitions. Conservatism deems it innovation and therefore abhors. Timidity damns it with faint praise. The demagogue ho takes his spoils from ignorance talks deftly of its injustice. The pet tifogger, whose legitimate realm is with the Justice of the Peace, soars into loftier regions, and with the mien of a Story or a Webster informs the won- deriug swain taxation for education is unconstitutional. But is not this the eternal trial of truth? What recks the mighty thought the wrangling discords of the narrow-minded? — The schoolmaster is abroad, and, great farmer of souls, he is sowing the seeds of knol wedge by the wayside— amid the rocks, ou good ground, and when the harvest home is celebrated, men of every kindred and tribe will raise their triumphant songs, in praise of the unselfish labor, the provident forethought, the divine genius, theself- acrificing patriotism which has sub dued the animal and perfected the in tellectual part of our nature. 1. The State should educate the people as a preventive of crime. land and Wales, only 28 educated fe males were brought to the bar of crim inal justice; and in the year 1841, out of the same population, not one educa ted female was committed for trial. In four of the best taught counties of England, the number of schools being one for every 700 inhabitants, the number of convictions was one a year for every 1108. In the four worst taught counties of England, the num ber of schools being one for every 1501 inhabitants, the number of con victions was one a year for every 550 inhabitants. That is, in one set counties the people were twice as well educated as in the other, and half as much addicted to crime. In other words, in proportion as the peo ple were educated, they were free from crime. In the State of New York 1 ,* in 1871, the ratio of uneducated criminals to the whole number of uneducated persons was twenty-eight times as great as the ration of educated criminals to the whole number of educated inhabitants. These facts might be multiplied to any extent, but what I have cited abundantly prove that sin follows ig norance as darkness follows blindness, or death, suffocation. If this be true, the converse is also true. Thrift and Crime in almost every iustance springs from a habitual or a momentary tri umph of the passions over the reason. There is a natural antagonism between the intellectual and the sensual iu men and if you give the intellect no strength the senses, which develope unaided will become the stronger power. An idiot, who has no intellect, is usually shockingly sensual, and among thegross- ly ignorant and uneducated, a man is a sensualist simply because he knows no loftier pleasures. The peasantry of England of all civilized people are the least educated, and the amount of degrading and disgusting crime which prevails among them is simply incred ible. The Senate of the University of Cambridge commissioned a gentleman to travel among the poorer classes for the purpose of examining into their social condition. “ You cannot,” re ported he, “ address an English peas ant without being struck with the in tellectual darkness which surrounds him.” There is neither speculation in his eye, nor intelligence in his coun tenance. His whole expression mere that of an animal than of a man About one half of the poor can neither read or write, have never been to any school, know little or nothing of the doctrines of Christian religion, of moral duties, or of any higher pleas ure than beer-drinking and spirit drinking and the grossest sensual in dulgence. They do not understand the necessity of avoiding crime beyond the mere fear of the police and jail. They have unclear, indefinite and un definable ideas of all around them. They eat, drink, breed, work and die, and while they pass through their brute-like existence, the richer and more intelligent classes are obliged to guard them with police and standing armies, and to cover the land with pris ons, cages and all kinds of receptacles for the perpetrators of crime.” These are the conclusions of an in telligent Englishman, after careful in vestigation, and such are the results of the absence of education even under the government of England, where every other blessing of law and order is secured to the citizen. This is the common consequence of ignorance. How true is the beautiful stanza in the Deserted Village: morality are the inseparable compan ions of intelligence. This is not only true in private life, but is signally true of nations. In Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Prussia, Saxouy and Scotland, where systems of pub lic instruction iiave been adopted and enforced, the people are moral, indus trious, and comparatively happy. The jails are depleted of their miserable inmates. Pauperism is unknown, and so benificent have been the advan tages of the system, that all men, of all parties are agreed that to educate the people is the best, the cheapest, the most practical preventive of crime, and at the same time confers inesti mable benefits which the handcuff, the policeman, the jail, the penetentiary and the gallows never can give. When Dr. Johnson said in his sententious manner, that “the most miserable mau is the man who cannot read on a rainy day,” he simply meant to con vey the profound truth that to employ the mind with useful knowledge is to make it happy’ and to supplant its vicious propensities, for the idle brain is the devil’s workshop. 2. The State should educate the people to increase its agricultural and mechanical productive power. The increase of productive power is a prob lem of the most gigantic important to the statesman and philanthropist, and becomes more important as population uiui.ure.uu, /ss’ishe Pretty," fixe 13x17, worth | p ] ex rithms ? ' Why store his mind with the aon Hiawatha’* Wooing, slie, IS x 25, price SIS 00, for Si 00 extra, or both chromos with the Magazine, for «. 00 demOREST. dcc j 833 Broadway, Now A ork. L ANDRETH’8 mmiDa TUST RECEIVED, a full supply r ”new drug store. sad science of political economy, or any other science ? Why consign Amaryllis to a fashionable boarding school, teach her the piano forte, French, the science of holding a fan or sitting gracefully In a chair, and the imperative duty of silence in public assemblages, while one is striving to be beard and understood? But amid q»s- toral scenesof this charming description 11 Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey: Where wealth accumulates ami men decay. Princes and lords mar flourish or may fiiile, A breath may make them as a breath has made, But a bold pcasautry, their country’s pride, When ouce destroyed can never be supplied." I do not wish to be understood to say that intellectual training will sup ply the place of moral culture. But if the intellect is not so elevated as the moral powers, it is certainly far above the region of the passions, from which the vicious and the criminal derive their motives, and become fitted to relish the consequences of their guilt. The question, fortunately, is easily sus ceptible of proof. Let U3 see, there fore, if the majority of those who com mit crime are persons of education, or those who are in a state of deplorable ignorance. Out ot 252,544 commit ted for crime in England and Wales, during a series of years, 229,300, or more than 90 per cent, are reported as uneducated, either entirely unable to read and write, or to do so very im perfectly. 22,159 could read and write, but not fluently. 1,085, or less than one-half of one per cent, of the whqlewere what we call educated per- sous. In nine consecutive years, be ginning with the year 1837, out oi increases. In the first place, an in telligent naan can do more work than an ignorant man. And again, intelli gent minds are more inventive than ignorant minds, and will therefore in vent labor-saving machines, and thus augment the producing power. Hor ace Mann gives this interesting fact: Those operatives in factories who can sign their names to their weekly re ceipts for money, can do a third more work, and do it better than those who make their mark.” A writer on this subject give this instance: “ A gen tleman of my acquaintance,” said he, “ had frequent need of the aid of a carpenter. The work to be done was not regular carpentry, but various odd jobs, alterations and adaptations, to suit special wants, and not little time and material were wasted in the mis takes of successive workmen employed At length a workman was sent who was a German, from the Kingdom of Prussia. After listening attentively to the orders given, aud doing what he could to understand what his employer wanted, Michael would whip out his pencil and in two or three minutes with a tew rapid lines would present a sketch of the article so clear that any one could recognize it at a glauee. It could be seen at once whether the in tention of the employer had been rightly conceived, and whether it was practicable. The consequence was, that so long as Michael was employed, there was no more waste of materials and time, no more vexations failures. Michael was not more skillful as workman than mauy others, who had preceded him. But his knowledge of drawing gained from the system of public instruction in Prussia, made his services worth from fifty cents to a dollar a day more than those of his fellow-workinen What is true of drawing, is true of every other branch of scientific edu cation. Increase intelligence and you multiply inventions. The cotton gin the sewing machine, the steam engine, would never have been invented by ignorant mechanics. If the steam en gine alone were to cease working to day thousands would starve to death in the populous centres of the world before help could lie afforded. The steam power of Great Britain alone, equals the laboring power of four hun dred millions of men. Steam power through the world, equals the working power by manual labor of four worlds like ours. Commerce, agriculture, war fare, the mechanic arts, have under gone a complete revolution, because of an invention not a century old, and this the work of au educated mechanic. Almost every industrial pursuit is de pendent upon science. Chemistry is doing for agriculture what steam has done for mechanics. The farmer doubles his crop by applying a knowl edge of chemistry to the soil. We ab solutely fatten cattle on scientific principles. The physiologist has prov en that to produce animal heat neces sitates a waste of substance, and the farmer now keeps his cattle warm and saves his fodder! Tf government will diffuse knowledge among the people it pours into their laps a cornucopia of substantial blessings. It feeds the hungry, it clothes die naked and shel ters the houseless, and thereby accom plishes some of the great objects for which government was designed. The State should educate the people, noranoe is the most crushing and re lentless tyranny that ever tried to throttle the genius of freedom. “ The greatest despotism, said DeToc- queville, is an excited, untaught public sentiment When I feel the land of power lie heavy on my brow, I care not to know who oppresses me, the yoke is not the easier because it is held out to me by a million of men. A mob has been truly called a monster with many heads and few brains. The necessity of popular education, to de stroy the despotism of ignorance, is no where so manifest as in that state where the people enjoy, what are call ed free institutions, ha.a-1 u mid the right of universal suffrage. When a man is permitted to say who shall make, judge and execute law, he should certainty be able to exercise the power of judicious selection. The ig norant and the untaught arc every where the dupes, of designing and un scrupulous demagogues. On the other hand how rare is it that a man oi trained aud cultivated intellect, is cajoled or cheated by the insidious arts of th» political charlatan. The mass of mankind aae honest. If they err. they err unwittingly. Give them the tempered armor of reason, with which education cases the emot'ons, and their mighty hearts are savud from the designing, the knavish, the trimming, the false and all the attacks of that foul and disgusting flock of political harpies who hover near to bear away with tlieir hooked talons, the rich ban quet provided by the people’s honest toil. Intelligence and virtue, are of all things the most indispensable to the success of Republican forms of Govern ment, and since education is the only universal means, of imparting intelli gence, and cs we have seen virtue, the necessity of geueral education will he perhaps admitted. The admission is very well, but it amounts to nothing, if it gives birth to no action iu the cause of education. If we can induce the people to think ou this subject we will arouse the instinct of self preserv ation, and they will exert tlieir ener gies and spend their money lavishly in educating themselves. Have you ever thought, what terrible calamities the brute force of ignorant suffrage can entail on you ? Have you ever thought of the unrestricted power of those laws, which if good preserve you from all evil, but if i.ad, like the shirt of Nessus envelop only to poison and destroy ? There is no solitude to which they do not penetrate, there is no temporal interest which they do not reach. They may destroy the right to acquire property. They may make good reputation a bar to social privileges and dest tactions. They may destroy religious freedom. They may tail to remedy wrongs, and yet prevent a man from redressing his own injur ies. Natural society, aye, 1 a harism, is far pi eferable to this. Permit me to ask who makes the law for us ? In Georgia any man who has paid his poll tax, and lived in the State six months, possesses an irrevocable right, to vote away and dispose of the most momentous interests of society. I am not condemning the practice of u live; sal suffrage ; it is not pertinent to this discussion that I should. But since universal suffrage creates a partnership unlimited and perpetual, it is of the first importance, that the members of the firm should comprehend the busi ness and possess the ability to dis charge their appropriate duties. Let me ask one of the great merchants present, who has left his counting room, to'relax his energies amid these classic shades, how would you, sir, en joy this occasion, if a moment ago you had received a telegram, that your partner w‘as embarking in the most hazardous of speculations, and that you stood a very fair chance of becom ing a beggar? My dear sir, you would tremble with indignation and anxiety, and the lightning is hardly swift enough to flash your mandates to ar rest the injury. You have partners, who are doing more than this to ruin the firm. They are influential; yes omnipotent, and they arc blind with the darkness of ignorance in their minds, and its twin-evil sensuality ill their hearts, and unless you give the light of knowledge to their sightless eyes, they will destroy the State and with it your fortuues as surely as the blind Hebrew giant hurled the temple down on the scoffing lords of the Philis- tia. Ah you little reck the tragic power that slumbers in their sinewy frames. A voter is in certain sort, connected with every branch of the government and you of all people, ap preciate what fearful results befal so ciety, if at the ballot box we witness ignorance in a baleful ascendant. One period in the history of Georgia saw the surrender of the entire ma- distinguishing between tbs obligation of a contract, sod tlm remedy whacks obliged permit a popular iodufeeffiee ofi what the austre Warner called ** the* dangerous luxury of dkooneety.* The- treasury wee plundered, the criminal pardoned of the most heinous offences,- the jail doors opened and society in-- fectcd with a teeming brood of miscre ants, more numerous than the count less swarms of the Northern Hive.— Behold the reign of ignorance. Thank God, Kke the children of Israel from', the land of Egypt, we have been fcd forth, from the destruction^ and peril* which environed us, and it is a fart worthy of notice, that of the official! ’ acts of the noble gentleman, who iw’ leading us back to good (government among the fint was to giv* to life-' University of Georgia the mana tor educate 200 additional students. Let the good work go on, and we will reach- the lofty elevation, among the nation*- of the world for which Providence de signed us. as surely as His ancient people found the green fields and fe»- tile valleys oi Cancan. The State should educate the people, to preserve that ancient bulwark o£ personal right and freedom, trial bjr' jury. Nothing can be of more im portance, than this. Indeed Lord Brougham tells us government itself de pends upon twelve good men In a boi. Every question of human interest may bh‘ submitted to their arbitrament — Fortune, reputation, life, liberty, these are the every day’s trusts of a jury.— Enter a court of justice. Look at the terrrihle anxiety of the parties, who»b- naine, whose property, whose life per haps, depends upon the intelligence of those twelve men. What assurance- have you, save that from intelligence, and the virtue which springs from it,. those men will do their duty. Who would like to trust his legal rights os' his personal liberty to the Carolina jury, who when told to retire and find! their verdict, after remaining out * long while, reported, that they had mode dilligent search through all the papers and through every part of the jury room, and that they could Out find the verdict, it mu t be tost ? It ia an inherent right of the citizen to be tried by his peers. Let the law then* make all men peers in the noble aris tocracy of intellect, and we .will hear no more of ignorant juries and unfair trials. Why need we extend the ar guments ? The man b made to be ed ucated. The burning thirst of our minds must be quenched at the pure springs «f knowledge, or by the foul waters of seething passions. Therefore when we love knowledge with an era- during love, with a love commensurate with fife, we love that which will- strengthen, beautify, and never desert us, which will make us all monarch* of the kingdom of thought, and of the boundless realms of fancy which will, shield us from the stings and arrows- of outrageous fortune, which will dis arm the cruelty and injustice of this scurvy and disastrous world, and above all, will nurture an honest pride, which will inflame in a moment a thousand contemptuous disdains at the veriest hint of meanness and of fraud. It would seem that the argument b conclusive that no man can deny the advantages and necessity of State ed ucation. There are, however, certain respectable persons to be found every-i where, who, are what they call “ set in their views,” an attribute in which they are rivalled by a certain domestic animal not entirely unknown tc fame. The slogan of this doss b, “ no inno vation.” Worthies of thb stamp im prisoned Galileo, berated Columbus, laughed Fulton to scoru, scoffed at railroads, pronounced the telegraph a humbug, and in my judgment, the-, same sort of people crucified the Sa vior of mankind. The modern varie ty of the species cousbta usually in men of severe demeanor, full of " wise .-aws and ancient adages,” and like Sir Oracle, when they open their mouths; all dogs must cease to hark. There philosophers say that the business of education, like any other business, must be governed by the law of supply and demand, and that the supply of educated men wifi be regulated by the demand. An educated man, say they, is like a lawyer or a doctor, or iu blacksmith, or a tailor, if needed iu any community these important func tionaries will make their appearance.. Our philosopher mistakes the nature of the want to be satbfied. Every one feeb the demauds ot hb system for nutriment and clothing, the pinch- ings of hunger, the winter wind, as it bites and blows upon hb body, or the necessity of medical services wheat sick, or the need of counsel to vindi cate hb cause against the attack of fraud or crime. These natural neces sities are appreciated as readily by the v that they may preserve inviolate, the f holy rights of civil liberty. I need chinery of Government to the ignor- j untaught as by the educated; by the- ant. It will be forever remembered j Esquimaux who strikes the Walrus in< as one of the most terrible and sombre i the frozen seas, or the negro, who periods through which a people ever | “ stems the tepid wave and panto- passed. The ignorant at the polls along the fine.” Not so of the neces- placcd the ignorant in power. The legislative hails, which once rang to the musical accents of Lumpkin, the splendid reasoning nf Hill, the states man-like arguments of Cobb, the thundering eloquence of Toombs, now resounded to the guffaws of Cuffee, who could not restrain hb delight at! stances where uneducated men the Attic witticism of the “ Gammon” to educate their ehildren. Bi from the North, an illustrious person age, who has rendered historical the unpretending carpet bag. From the chief Executive to the meanest officbl, with a few honorable exceptions, thieving was a daily avocation, and so exciting were the villainies of the times that even to the honest, honesty was rapidly becoming a very state and un interesting virtue. On judicial officers, with a few hon orable exceptions, were exemplars of incompetence and venality. Did ig norance of the law excuse crime, these worthies would enjoy forever the most absolute immunity from punishment, and if perchance a man of shrewdness and astuteness was placed upon the bench, with unscrupulous adroitness, he would devise excuses to escape sity for knowledge. To appreciate education one must himself be educat ed. The want of education b not one af these wants, which, likp hunger or thirst, force themselves on the atten tion and which can therefore be left to themselves. There are occasional in- strive ut the man who knows from hb own experi ence what wonderful blessiogs educa tion confers, will provide schools for his children as certainly as he will pro vide them with food or clothing.— There are many men who say, because they had no education their children shall have none. “Their raisin’ b good enough for their children. Hate to see a chap tryiu’ to be smarter than hb daddy, anyhow.” Had thb princi ple of action been universal, we would have made no improvement on the condition of our first parents. These well-dressed gentlemen would be driving like Adam, and the ladies, who are giving me such cordial attention, spin ning like Eve. Or, if Dai win b right, we, like our remote ancestors, would be hairy creatures with prehensile