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[From the Charleston Mercury.] STATE INTERNAL IMPROVE MENT. M e copy below some judicious sugges tions of the l’rqvideuce Journal, ulucli .ire well timed in this day of enterprizes. It seconds wed our wish that there should be no local jealousies, among the projec tors of Roads and Canals in the South and South West, and reflects justly upon the narrow and selfish spirit which is ex hibited by some of our Northern presses, whenever the South does any thing t„' wards asserting her Commercial Inde pendence. At the plentiful board which providence has spread for the mein hers of our great confederacy, there is enough for all, and there is no need that any one should pursue an exclusive and churlish policy in the enjoyment of the feast. It is a mis take to suppose that the legitimate jiroce.-s of hi .'ping i/our self cannot goon, without playiugat the game of " lleggar your n-igh nor." We are sure tint any of the Edi tors who accuse the South of sectional political designs, and of resisting the nat ural course of things—would he not only amused hut a little angered if in a North River Steam Boat some self constituted master of ceremonies, doing the honors of the table by taking care of number our, af- \ ter appropriating a superfluity oftlie choice bits should grumble at the said Editor for meekly stretching forth his ham) towards! liie best dish; or if the ert In si re should stare at him as ifhu were an impudent fellow, op- posing the natural course of things, and violating good manner*; vet such is the coni style in which any self preserving measure oftlie South is treated. A word too is necessary here as the ad vocates of different routes. We believe that the completion of any one of tin* pro posed routes for opening to us the great valley oftlie West, and consolidating the trade of the ( otton region, will benefit every state through or near which it pa-<- es. We arc therefore disposed favorably to consider each, and to present it- claims to attention to tile public, in the light cho sen by its most sanguine advocate. Be cause we desire t lit! complet ion of t he M a con line to the trull, we are not inimical to the linittswick Rail Road, to the same point, the advantages of which are so glowingly pictured in the letter of Mr White which the reader will find in our columns to day; nor because we are m fa vor of the great chain in contimi item of the Hamburg Rail Road to the Tcmies- Koe, a chain which “in the natural course ol things ’ seem to be completing itself m spite of adverse or referred scheme-, are we therefore opposed to the connexion with the same river through the .Macon Rail Road, which is also already near completion. Every one of these routes can be sustained by the amount of travel find-trade which u can command—and every one of them will betieSt South Caro lina, Tennessee, and Georgia, and greatly swell the export of Charleston, as well as contribute to make Iter tint principal ettv for supplying the west with foreign mer chandize; mid wc shall lie satisfied with her share of good, though she may not ex actly absorb and swallow up our big ami rich sister state on the other side of the Savannah river, which the Augusta Senti nel seems to think is the present stretch of her appetite. In these matters we are like the keeper of a picture gallery—and let the artist lay on his colours ever so thick and gaudily—we will hang his piece in the best light we can. No harm will he done by discussion. There is gold un der the surface, to be dug for—lei even one be encouraged to dig and to delve— whatever plan of excavation he may adopt, our care is to say “Go ahead,” to all. Skc-iio.nal Fttuxii. —Avery useless, hut perhaps not unnatural jealousy exists between the different large cities on the Atlantic coast, in regard to matters offrade | and commerce. 'Each is constantly watch ing the other, lest there should be some secret design of securing the trade of the. West, or getting awav trade of the East, or rivalry of trade with England or France. Hence, if .New York projects a Rail Road, j Philadelphia and Baltimore loudly accuse her of the murderous design of inonopoii/.- i ing the whole business of the lakes; if I> il- j tiinore projects a Canal, she is accused of designs upon the South, and if Philadel-; pliia or Boston talk of European steam ! navigation, their efforts are looked upon ; as f.ital to the prosperity ot New York.— While the good people of the South ar< holding conventions and appointing com mittees and making speeches to prove that j Charleston was designed In nature for the. commercial metropolis, and tii it it is tin height of wisdom for the people of the South to take their capital out of their e >l -and rice plantations, where il is yields iug them fifty per cent, per annum, and put it into ships and hanks, and import goods to sell on twelve months credit. An enlarged and just.policy would teach all these cities tha.l not one of them will ever, by increasing her trade, extending iier Railroads and Canals into the interi or, and forming steam communication with Europe, injure the prosperity ol any other. It does not follow, as seems to be imagined by certain persons that because the trade of Boston is increased, that ol .New York or Baltimore or Philadelphia must be diminished, all these improve ments not only increase the trade of the oilics which undertake them, but they ac tually create trade, increase the number and variety, of the innumerable articles of human consumption, and add to the abili ty of the consumers to purchase them.— Every Railroad and Canal which the en terprise of one city pushes into the intcri lor to grasp at the trade of the West, in j creases not only the prosperity of that city but of all ihc other cities contiguous. People will buy where they can buy cheap jest, not where a Railroad terminates or a Canal commences. As for the commerce I of the interior there is enough for all, and the means taken by the enterprise of any j one place to secure a portion of it, will ev :or he the means of creating a greater n moiint than that which flows immediately to its own bosom. The jealousies upon this subject are useless and silly, and we ' think can hardly be entei tabled by those enlightened members of the mercantile community who can perceive the causes as well as estimate the effects of trade. [ Providence Journal. FXTRACT FROM .M It. WiId.JAM'S Jti;. I’oifT On the utility of constructing a Rail Road from Columbus, to the iiead of steam boat navigation, on the Ocmulgee River: Tin: Special Committee appointed by the City Council, of Columbus, (jeo. for the purpose of investigating, and report ing upon tho utility of a Rail Road com munication, from the city of Columbus, to the head oftlie steam boat navigation oil tlie Ocmulgee River, have devoted some attention to the subject, and present the following view to the consideration ol the City Council, and citizens of Co in minis. The produce of the Southern States, and especially; ol the section of country, in which we are situated, is of such a char acter, that we can consume, or manufac ture for exportation, hut a very limited quantity. \\ e seek a market for it, in its raw state, in the No. them States of this I uion, .and in Europe; and m either ease, it must necessarily he conveyed up on the Atlantic, from our Southern ports to its final destination. The most oftlie towns and cities in (Icorgia, which deal to any extent in the produce oftlie coun try, lnve the immense advantage of lie iag situ ilcd upon some stream, di-em lioiigcing directly into the Atlantic (Ire.ui, whilst Columbus, not uli-tanding her riv er, and oilier great natural advantages, cannot compete w ith them, bee m-e tii.il river disembogues into tlu-(iulf of .Mexi co, and is at best navigable only lor one half of the \ear. If, therefore, we expect to progress m improvements and com merce, or even to maintain the position we now; occupy, it is tin obvious fact, th at some artificial communication with the Atlantic ports, must he constructed. It is not only a matter of interest to do so, on account oftlie convenient Irui-porti tiun ol the produce of the country, but also, to enable our merchants to obtain promptly and without difficulty, tlieir re turn cargoes, to supply the demand of tlieir customers. The ('liatlahoochee River, upon winch we now rely for these purposes, is navigable for steam boats for live or six months in the year: say, fVniu the first ol J.imiarv till the first ol June ( Otton purchased in Columbus, in the early part of the season, is consequently decreased in value by the accumulation ol M ••.rehouse exju'ii.-es, and interest up on the money paid for it, and is then sub ject to extraordinary high freight, if ship ped before the first of March; in lid, it is not uncommon for cotton purchased in tins market in L ptembor, October and November, to he in the warehouse til! March or April, helorc it can he shipped down the Rivn r. Tiir* purchaser, there fore, not only pays additional storage, niton -t ami comini-siotis for advances, hut must also risk the hazardous fluctua tions ol a spring and summer market. \\ e are cut off from sharing the profits of a rise in the price of the article, which may originate from a demand for it, among the manufacturers in the I . States, in t lie early part of the season, ami are u-ual ly the last who reach the market. In addition to the tardy and uncertain transportation of the productions of Wcst ern Georgia, by our river communication <• with the Cull', we might with propriety go into an estimate of the actual loss to the grower of our great staple, in conse quence ol having it scattered, in small par cels, at the various ports of the Atlantic, and Cuff of .Mexico. It is a fact worthy i)f notice, that the Cottons produced up on tlie waters oftlie Flint and Chattahoo chee Rivers, are superior m length and fineness of staple, to those' grown in the eastern part ol the State; yet, in conse quence of our not being ,:/>/< to emu < ntrat. ('it in t:( inn/ our j,.:;nt, they have never ranked higher in lore gn classification, than the upland ol C.u iliua. The 10-> to the planter troui tins cause alone, may be estimated at one cent per pound; amounting, m itself, upon the cotton brought tu Columbus, to a sum sufficient to construct the work contemplated ui seven years. \\ e conceive, therefore that printer in Western (icorgia "-"A Eastern Alabama, is directly interested 10 the construction of anv work that will bring about so important a result as the < mu'i ntrillion at <llll/ point on the Atlantic of the trade of this portion of the country. On the other hand our merchants must purchase their goods fertile whole years supply, early in the spring, to insure tlieir arrival at Coin minis during the year. It is a fact, of which some of our merchants hate a feeling recollection, that goods purchased in New York last May and June, have not yet, at Christmas, been re ceived, and yet their notes given for them have fallen due, and been paid. From these causes, the following effects, neces sarily result: first, it requires more actu ssal capital to do the same business in Co BRUNSWICK ADVOCATE. lumbus, than in any other town or city in (ieorgin; secondly. Cotton cannot be ‘worth aggiinch, as in other cities, if equal profits he’ realized; thirdly, our market is a fluctuating and unsteady one, in relation to many of the articles of ihe first ncces- people; and last, though not least, tlie profits realized in trade and commerce generally, will not compare with those made at other places, and are not commensurate with the capital and labor employed. The important enquiry therefore, which should interest every per son at all identified with ( uluinhits, or desirous of retrieving its waning prosper ity, is this: are there no means by which the difficulties now existing, may he ob viated, and our city and its commercial facilities, placed upon a footing equal to those of the most favored interior marts? The committee flatter themselves, that there are two projects; the completion of eithiir of which will accomplish the o!>- |cct desired. The one hv constructing a Rail Road from Columbus to the head of steam boat navigation, on Flint River, at or near Pindartowii, and thence on what is known as Spalding's route to the Rig Rend ot tin: Ocmulgee up to which point it is understood to he navigable for seam boats at all times. From Columbus to Pindartowii, the distance would lint exceed St) miies, thence to Jacksonville, on the Ocmulgee, about sixty miles. A charter has already been obtained for a Road on this latter route, winch would, most probably he constructed, without the aid of capital from this section, pro vided, we construct a Itoail to I*indiT town. In the in lit liowi n r that the Howl troui i'itnt Jtirir to Ihr (h'.nnl'Srr should hr abandmied, an advantageous connec tion might lie made with the Brunswick Road, by continuing the Road from I’iti d '.town, tiil it intersects it in Thomas or Lowndes county. In I ict, the construction of tlie Road alluded to. viz: from Columbus to Oemul gee, which may he made to connect with tlie Montgomery ami West Point Road hv a branch ol Columbus, thence on the Road round the Falls of Coosa River, and thence on the Road, which will con nect the Coosa from the Wells Creek, with the Tennessee River at Gunter's landing, will present the most ready com munication, from the \\ est to the At lantic. (>u motion, the report was received, ordered to he published, and future ac tion po-tponed tu a subsequent meeting of ('mined. 'i’ll 1 . Sr. Jo i imi v\i> lot,\ R mi. Rove —Tins is completed, with the exception of laving down the iron—a part of which has arrived, and bills of lading received lor the balance. The spikes are daily expected from New York—and there can hi: no doubt, hut that the road will he rea lly for transportation hv tlie Ith of July, on which day it is contemplated to run the cars to loin, when we shall have a dinner, a speech, tint! a half dozen or so— hip ! hip! Hurra’s ! It is true, that from various causes— hard times—want of confidence and cap ital. St. Joseph lias been under the weath er, hut tlie completion of the new rail road, the extensive business arrangements entered into for the next season tlie ac quisition of fresh capital and substantial friends, will give anew and a bright as pect to our affairs. Many merchants will keep a heavy supply of Western produce at li!a, and cotton buyers will make that tlieir principal point of operations. It is contemplated by tlie company, to require that the ships loading at this port, shall pay the expense of transportation on cot'ton from lola to St. Joseph. This charge will not exert'd that of lighterage and wharfage at Apalachicol I—and1 —and can be well afforded by ship masters here as the ordinary port charges and expenses, are less than in any other commercial town on the (iulf—[St. Joseph Times. 'l'hc Chevalier Francis do Gerstern, the individual spoken of in some of the North ern papers as an Agent of the Russian (iou lament, travelling in this country, lor the purpose of examining our Rail Roads ami other schemes of Internal Im provement, visited our city some three days since and remains until to-day' for the purpose of examining our Rail Road. < >ll Thursday lie passed up the Road to Forsyth, and returned yesterday morning, lie expresses himself much pleased with the gramliu ssaml magnitude of the Ami r lean schemes lor facilitating commerce in the wav of internal improvement. It is however, a mistake, according to his own statement, that he is sent out under the di rection anil patronage of the Russian Emperor, but 011 the contrary, travels a. ins own expense and will, t.. r tlie purpose' nt g lining all the information to be had vrnHio eo//-irHeion a>f Rail Roads, in or der to tlieir more successlul introduction into Russia and other parts of Europe.— fins is the individual who first iutroduc-; ed a L ail Road into (ioriuanv, and since that tune into Russia. But for want of proper patronage from the Government, and perhaps, in part from the want of ex perience, and just appreciation of tlieir uses, they have progressed, up to this time, extremely tardy. Whereas, since the in troduction ol Rail Roads into tins country, since the year l 'A', six years previous to winch time they were introduced into Germany, there has been upwards of 3,000 miles of Rail Road built and now in suc cessful operation, 2,000 of which lias been travelled over by the Chevalier since his visit to this country. [Southern Tost. Soil for tuf. Culitre of Cotton.— \ At a meeting of the Asiatic Society, Mr. ; Solly read a report on the chemical ex • animation of a scries of soils for some of the principal cotton plantations of Geor- Igin, w hich had been procured by Viscount Palmerston, at the request of the cornmit ; tee of commerce and agriculture of the society. The examination of these soils was undertaken with a view to ascertain 1 some of the circumstances found to be most favorable to the cultivation of cotton in Georgia, and thus indicating the best manner of improving the cultivation of cotton in India. Mr. Solly stated, that in order to render a comparison of this kind of any practical value, it was abso lutely necessary to take into account a variety of circumstances connected with 1 the nature of the climates of the countries so compared,—such as the limits of tem perature, tlie rapidity of evaporation, the tor 111 of the surface of the country, the radiating power of the soil, the retentive | power for water, and many other points. These were all of the utmost importance j and would completely modify the action of the soil so that u soil which in one situation ! would be excellent for tlie cultivation of cotton would in another climate be totally i unfit. The result of the chemical examina tion ol these specimens showed them all to j he ofa light, sandy, and rather poor descrip-! lion, consisting principally of a fine sand, held together by a small quantity of alumina ' or clay, and coloured with oxides of iron and manganese. The quantiv of organ ic uniter w hich they contained was small. * hie oftlie most important facts observed w as,the extremely small portion of carbon ate, or indeed, any form of line which they contained, showing that the presence of this substance is not so essential to a good cotton soil, as has been thought by some : writers on the cultivation of cotton. The j great difference also between the black j cotton soil of America, and that of India was pointed out; the former being com posed ofa fine, white, siheious sand con taining lint very little alumina, and col-, oured wholly by organic matter; whilst the latter consisted apparently of the de bris of volcanic rocks. Mr. Solly con cluded by remarking, that the goodness of the soils from Georgia depended pro bably far more on the mechanical struc ture, than on the chemical composition; and that tlie presence of lime or any oth er suhstance, was of far less importance, than that it should hi: of a light, porus, and not too rich a character.—| London Athencuni. Perhaps a stronger evidence of the de plorable state ol tilings, in regard to pe cuniary matters, of some of the States South and \V rst of us, could not be pre sented, than one that passed before us the other day. A gang of some sixty or seventy negroes, passed through this place a few day ago, from Mississippi, seeking as we understood, a market. Such is the pecuniary embarrassments of that State as well as others, that in order to lessen the sacrifice on the sales of negroes, vv hich sales have to he made, they are brought hack to the old and impoverished States, lor sale, from the very region of exhaust ible fertility. This is a strange and un natural state of affairs, and speaks trum pct-tougucd of the lamentable pecuniary situation of the State: from which they come. Wo are informed, that a great number of plantations, oftlie greatest fer tility, are lying uncultivated and uncared for, the laborers having been sent off, to Orleans and other places, to find a mar- 1 ket, to pay tlie debts of tlie owners. This is a gloomy representation, and we fear no less true than sad.—[Millcdgevillc Re corder. V fm s Jititeu and Mars. —Our read ers, (says the N. A . Literary Gazette,) may not all be aware thattlie.se planets are visi ble every evening, and they are seen with great brilliancy. Venus, immediately af ter sunset, appears in the path of the sun,! at a considerable elevation above the wes tern horizon. Jupiter now approaches ( with a light inferior only to that of Venus, I at a considerable elevation, at the same hour above the eastern horizon, in the quarter of the heavens opposite to Venus. 1 Mars may be seen in the direction of a line from Jupiter and a line to the south ward of this line, this planet now presents to the earth an apparent size of more than twenty times larger than when in the oppo site part of its orbit, and may readily be distinguished from all other stars by its ruddy color. On the 13th of July, Jupiter and Mars will he in conjunction, at about 10 o’clock in the evening, at a small elevation about the western horizon; Jupiter being about three diameter of the moon to the north ward of Mars. The present is an exceed ingly favorable opportunity for observing these pfvmAs, for soon the apparent magnitude of Mars will be liiimmsiied.— These planets may easily be found by any one, however unacquainted with the hea vens. Suppose a lino from tlie sun to in tersect the heavens, dividing it into equal portions; then, these planets will be the first stars observed after sunset in the di rection of that line. A Sharp Retort. —“Make way. gentle men,” once cried a Massachusetts rep resentative to the populace, who were crowding him out of his place in the pro cession on election day, “make way, we arc the representatives of the people.” “Make way yourself,” replied a sturdy member of the throng, “we are the peo ple themselves.” Facts for the People. —When the present ruling party came into power, they ; found the expenses of the Government less than thirteen Million per annum! They shouted loudly, “Retrenchment and re form,” and they promised to restore the Government to its primitive purity. Let the appropriations, below, and the utipar alelled defalcations, prove how these pro mises have been redeemed. Nearly Thir ty-seven Millions required for the present year, and anew National Debt of Eight Millions standing against the Treasury! W hat do the yeomanry of the country think of this species of retrenchment! APPROPRIATIONS BV CONGRESS. Civil and diplomatic $9,010,001 57 Army, fortifications and Military Academy 16,557,253 65 Navy ' 5,1:30,731 64 Revolutionary and other pensioners 2,499,020 15 Current expenses of the In dian Department 1,755,007 28 Preventing and suppressing Indian hostilities 1,850,774 00 To promote the progress of the useful arts 9,259 22 Private claims 45,065 27 $30,862,242 78 .4 pain ful Aight Scene on hoard a Steam Float. —A portion of the passengers on hoard the steam boat Alabama, Cap lain Sutton, were not a little alarmed on Saturday last. The boat left Baltimore for Norfolk at four o’clock on Saturday af ternoon, and by two o’clock the nc.x! morning had accomplished the greater part of her voyage. At that solemn anil quiet hour, however, and when she was out in Chesapeake Bay, several miles from land, a report reached tlie gentleman’s cabin tint the boat was on fin! The effect of such intelligence at such an hour, and under the circumstances des cribed, was painful and unnerving in no ordinary degree. Jn an instant every in dividual whose ears were open to the ap paling alarm, started from his pillow, and hurrying on such clothing as could he dis covered iu the darkness anil confusion, proceeded on deck. The number em braced hut a small portion ol the pas - sengers, and it was perhaps fortunate that so few were awake. The firemen were observed bitsilv engaged in dragging the wood from beneath one of the boilers, anil dashing water upon it; while one or two of the passengers, more active than tlie rest, had already seized the water buck ets, in readiness for such occasions, and made their way towards the furnace be tween decks. For the space of a few min utes the scene was full of danger, horror and despair. Sonic threw doubts upon the story —others confirmed it—while all were dreadfully agitated. The shore, on either side, was shrouded in darkness anil distance, and the waves as they leaped and gambolled along, looked to the frighted eye anil mind like so many huge and liv ing monsters ready to swallow up the un fortunate traveller who might be consign ed to tlieir tender mercies. Various ex pressions passed from blood-deserted and trembling lips, while a few stout hearts grew brave amid the danger, and endeavor ed, by kindly and conciliatory language, to cheer the timid and desponding. It was, indeed a moment of peril, and suited to test the courage, the virtue anil philoso phy of frail human nature. A party of four, engaged in the forward cabin playing cards, were among tlie most terrified. No wonder! The visage of Death, always terrible, must have been es pecially to such a .group. They rushed | wildly on deck, and in a condition of al i most breathless agitation. Their feelings may be better imagined than described, when we remember that two hou.s of the Sabbath had already gone by! Fortunately, the danger had been some what exaggerated. The boat was not on j fire—but one of the boilers was in a very : precarious condition, and it had been deemed essefttial to extinguish the fire 1 under it, in order to prevent an explosion, j The waste stop cock had been opened, with the object of letting off tlie surplus | steam, and had not hern effectually closed again. Some time after, tlie Engineer, seeing the boiler become unusually heat ed, tried the upper cock and then the lower, and discovered with much alarm, that the water had fallen below both, while the boiler had attained a dangerous heat! 11 id he introduced cold water at this crisis, an explosion must have been inevitable. But be saw the difficulty, and immediately ordered tlie hands to put out the wood and extinguish the lire beneath the boiler.— This they did, under some excitement, but without serious difficulty. The passen gers, seeing them throw water upon tlie blazing wood, naturally enough thought the boat on fire and so gave tin: alarm. In the confusion and darkness, some latte elapsed before the real difficulty was made known generally, and not indeed until more than one had turned a thought inward and upward, and had looked out upon the broad and billowy bay with well founded alarm. Captain Sutton was perfectly cool and self-possessed throughout the crisis, and it was discovered with pleasure, even after the danger had passed away, that the boat was liberally provided with life-preservers. [Philadelphia Inquirer. Profitable Business. There are three enormously profitable Post Offices in Massachusetts, one of them yields $5 89, one? 4 75, and one $2 18 per annum. RAIL ROAD TO THE ATLANTIC. Every day’s intelligence gives addition al assurances of the probable early comple tion of this great enterprise.' Wc say .great, because with it are most intimately j linked the destinies of Columbus. A friend in Lee writes 113 that the citizens of that 1 county alone have jncreased their stock to the amount of $450,000. That the a gents in that region are rapidly proceed ing with their labors, by receiving addi tional subscriptions, on which five per cent, is paid, and the remaining instai ments are secured by mortgages upon re al estate. Should every section of country equally interested, exhibit the same ardor , 111 tl,e undertaking, the same zeal in their own behalf, and the same disposition to act. as well as talk, which has been praise worthily shown by our fellow citizens of Lee, the early completion of this under taking, would soon be placed beyond the possibility of a failure— nay, it would be 1 accomplished without the intervention of foreign aid. Wc pretend not to speak of the feasibility ofsotneof the plans of some interested persons, who are about to com mence a work from Albany to tlnsfiig Bend of the Ocmulgee river. VYe wouldYiy to them, proceed, and accomplish your object • if you can; but they must be actively at ; work, and that at an early day, or their more southern friends will win the race, and carry the trade of the immensely pro ductive regions of South-western Georgia directed to a port upon her own coast. Our correspondent above alluded to has furnished us with an accurate map of the country from this city to Palmyra, upon the Kinchafeona. a few miles from its junction with the Flint. He is intimately acquainted with every foot of the country, and his sketch is of course very accurate, lie makes the distance about seventy-five 1 miles to the crossing of the Flint, and ro 1 ports the country as exceedingly favorable | for the location of a road—as the route j will be the whole way upon the high and | level table lands between the headings of : the streems flowing east and west to the Chatahoochee and Flint rivers. Cannot Fie citizens of the country through which this work will pass, and who are to be es pecially bent-fitted by its completion, con tribute greatly to its advancement? We believe tint they can, anil will, if they re flect upon its immense advantages. De Witt Ciinton showed by actual calcula tion that the advance in the value of lands upon either side of the Erie Canal, upon its completion, was more than sufficient jto defray the expense of construction.— j His doctrine was, “that these works cost nothing;” that the people were repaid four I fold their original investment. We ! hope our friends will reflect upon the sub ject, and act worthy of themselves, and the cause wo advocate.—[Columbus Enq. One of James Madison's last acts, short ly before he died, (says the Democratic Review,) was to pert the following patri otic aspiration. Let it he listened tons a voice from tlie tomb and he treasured up as ail invaluable legacy: “ Advice to my Country. —As this ad vice, if it ever see the light, will not do it till l am no more, it may be considered as issuing from the tomb, where truth j alone can bn respected, and the happiness !of man consulted. It will be entitled, therefore, to whatever weight can be de ; rived from good intentions, and from the I experience of one who has served his country in various stations through a pe riod of forty years, who espoused in his youth, and adhered through his life to the cause of its liberty, and who has borne a part in most of the good transactions : which will constitute epochs of its destiny, j “The advice nearest to my heart and deepest iu my convictions is, that the Union of the States be cherished and per petuated. Let tlie avowed enemy to it Ihe regarded as a l’andora with her box opened, and the disguised one as the ser : pent creeping with daily wiles into Par adise.” I Longevity of our Forefathers. —No less than thirteen of the fifty six signers of the Declaration of American Independence reached the age of eighty years and up ; wards, viz: : Charles Carroll, of Maryland, 95 WNlliam Ellery, of Rhode Island, 93 John Adams, of Massachusetts, 91 Samuel Adams, do. 81 Robert Treat Paine, do. 93 Benjamin Franklin, do. 84 Williams JVilliams, of Connecticut, 91 William Floyd, of Long Island, 87 Thomas McKean,, of Pennsylvania, 83 Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, 83 ‘George Wythe, do. 89 Mathew Thornton, of Ireland, 89 Francis Lewis, of South Wales, 90 Being an average of eighty-six and two months each, and the aggregate excess of the “time honored thirteen” over four- I score is just eighty years. No delibera tive assembly of equal magnitude- was ever more remarkable for the virtue, tem perance and longevity of its members, than the one which declared tlie Ameri can colonics free and independent. Postage of letters was first established 1 the reign of Richard 3d, the plan hav ing been formed in the reign of his broth er Edward, in order to procure early in telligence of events that passed in the course oftlie war with the Scotts. The revenue of the Post Office in the reign of Queen Anne, was only <£oo,ooo. In 1813, it was .£1,414,224. On one day, in 1740, the mail between Edinburgh and London, only one letter was carried. In 1790, they averaged 1200 a day.