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Rakdot.ph fo*Bunce, WM& A MONG the “ affirmative qua ■ | Pftcaticm" of a goo 1 writer, may be rank- Kb fed, “ a total rejcftion" of Plagiarism ; par* ll'l ticiiarly from the productions of “ those 1 5 who have had the good fortune to he born in a 16 country the mo/1 learned.'’ But if for the fake I |of convenience, and byway of {Applying IK deficiencies of an empty bead, he mult 1 I have recourse to this praftice, I would re i ms commend it to him to steer clear of all 1 those works which have any claim to cele I Hrity ; and only to rifle such books as are I not frequently read—for however much | we may be disposed to forgive a theft of Hi I this nature, wc cannot pardon the indif- V | cretion of the thief who incautiously expo fes himfeif to detection.—lnconfiftency is [ not often infeperable from illnature. — K I The “ Layman” hates the Country in quel f tion, and all who came from it—damns all I Transatlantic prejudices ! —But it appears I that he could not hammer out his ilinatur fj I ed ideas, without the afliftance of a Trans atlantic author!—How contemptible must i he have appeared to himfeif when he was [ forced by the “Barrenness” of his brain, [ to resort to the miserable fliift! When I read his firft piece in the Her ald—l condemned the sentiments it con t tained, but I did not condemn the manner in Ng, which they were exprefled—there was w jomething imputing in the fttle of thefe | ettnd paragraph, which in some measure, prevented an illiterate man like myfelf, * from diftingnifliing with precision, the ex aft line of defeent; I did however observe that there was a “falling offf and won jgf k dtred that a man who was capable of fel ting out in so handsome a (tile, by acknow \ Jedging the goodness of providence, in granting to us so many wholefoine cor reftives, and at fametime oblerving the operation of those very correftives on the i human mind—l wondered that he fliould quit the track of just and found refleftion, and almost instantaneously, run on in a Brain of unjust, and unmerited ctnfure— facrificing the principles of veracity to the I Demon of malevolence ! But my wonder j’nbfided when 1 found by accident that the Layman had been guilty of tranferib ing, aimoft verbatim, the following pas sage from the Looker-On, (No. 69-*- page 169,) a periodical paper publijhedin \ Creat-Bt itain ! “ RrovidJhce, who knows the weakness 44 of our strength and ofcitancy of our | j “zeal, has not left the children of error to * 4 this only chance of correction, but has || “ thickly (own existence with wholesome “ mementos and admonitions, and such fa ll ** lutary shocks, as rccal os at every *n -41 ft tot to felf recolleftion and silent re “ inorfe—the efficacy of these correftives f “ will be alwavs in proportion to the de -44 gree of principle inculcated in the mind 41 bv early education.” The Cayman, in the Herald of the 16th infant, Buys that he will net be deterredfrom t hoi ling to public vieoo those who claim the pe culiar good fortune of being born in that country , which is objeft of his antipathy. It is dif* I fiv'ulito comprehend whether he means to expose their general merits, or individual I vices ; —if the former, it may be ufeful and Jalutnry—if the latter, it would be uncha in litable towards them, and probably dan (gcrmis to himfeif—however, I would re- I commend it to him, that if he fliould here jiltcr be fiezed with the 44 cacoethes feribendi” ’ —to bring forward such pieces as may be ■* inftruftivc and entertaining—such fubjefts l i r.s will admit of oeiug embellilhcd with Wit if in her mort amiable guile—whatever may M be the theme, to let candor and benevo lence guide his pen, and if he has a drop to of the “ milk of kindness” in his compo fiiion, hr need not pilfer from the works of others—his own productions, if they do |: not merit putyic applause, may probably escape without being treated with con |> tempt. C. Umsdolph Co 5 Bunch, Till*. 44 talk of examining the po- I litical or religious creed of others” by per ious not qualified to judge tliereof, is not I new', nor unfortunately for human nature, I is the imfreprefentation of their observa tions novel—so that in these particulars P the Layman is but purluing an old beaten traft, at a time when he teems to exuit in ■M the idea that his undertaking is “ unprece dmtvd.” in my reply to his firft publica .l tion 1 alfirud what I now repeat, that in 'B the sermon to which he had taken excep | tion, not a expreflion 1 elated to the 11 American government; this he does not I [ attempt to controvert ; his inlinua- I* tion then of “ parochial dignity’s riling in Km tv’ainft the government” to fay ■I !c ib was improper and unjust. I As to the observation “ of Zeno’s being mm among those who cringingly fanftioti ab ■ furditics without the trouble of inveftiga ■*l? tion if they have received theauthoiity of ■I hereditary ufacc”—it is of no confequt ncc. H I io far from being believed bv others, the Hi Lav man irfthiv particular does not believe hi> own declaration;. lam not however B» 0 r C 01 w ‘’° coudemn a cull mi or ol .my kind -newly because it i- an- - 1 vrcaknefs o t folly ; y adopt an opinion merely btraufe It is new. But there are certain old faftiioned princi ples,fitch for inftanceas Truth and Justice, for which I trull I ftial! ever have a due regard, though to the Layman their origin 1 may appear antient and their qualities con : temptible. r “ Some there are” and I wifli your new correspondent may not find himfeif among the number, who imagine they add much I to their own confluence by deriding eve ry thing having the fanftion of 44 hereditary usage,” whr. affeft to believe all their fore -1 fathers were fools, whole absurdities and errors are to be corrected by their wifede cendants; as well may we condemn bread because it is an old faftiioned diet, or wa ter because it is an old faftiioned drink, as condemn a custom or usage of any kind, against which the only exception is, itsan tiqdity. But I confefs Ido not fee the particular application of the reasoning in the Layman’s last production. In his ex ceptions to a recent funeral sermon, in my opinion, and I believe in the opinion of many others, he had misrepresented it— I stated some of the particulars in which J confideredhim erroneous, and that I view ed the character given to a young man cut off in the bloom of life to be such only as he merited ; without attempting to juftify or substantiate his firft insinuations he talks of hereditary usage See.” Now what has hereditary usage to do with this fune ral sermon ? Does he mean that dying has 44 received the authority of hereditary us age ? Or that funeral sermons, or the sen timents contained in the one under consi deration have received, the fame authority, or that the given to Mr. Ramsay, has received hereditary fanftion, and therefore that his character was the fubjeft of approbation long before he was born r Or does he know what an hereditary ulage is ? Be his meaning what it may I do not perfectly comprehend how it can 44 flatter ambition or promise dominion” to do jus tice to a dead man. But he is resolved to “ hold to public view those, who arrogantly claim the pe culiar good fortune of being born in a country the mod learned” &c. When he finds the persons who have made these claims, he can make such arrangments with them as prudence may diftate , I fliall not interfere in the exhibition ; but it may be proper for him to recoiled, that the preacher to whom he must have alluded, never pretended to this kind of “ good fortune” and that he was not even born in the country refpefting which his observa tions were made. Consistency I admire, publications begun in error ought to end in ablurdity. The Layman however would not notice the 44 unprecedented departure from what we expeft to hear from the clergyman were it not for the custom of fanftioning what everfalls from the pulpit.” Ido not know who he means by the term, we, and there fore cannot tell, what by them,isexpefted: Perhaps they are those who dilapprove of pulpit leftures altogether, especially of fuch’as seem to have a peculiar applica tion to themselves, while “ exposing the errors, and reproving the vices of man kind.” But my friend seems agitated from another cause, he seems disturbed that a preacher in this country Ihould presume, that any but American born citizens de served commendation for their moral qua lities, or mental acquirements. Suppose the fubjeft of the funeral sermon in ques tion had been an American one, who while living had no amiable qualities to recommend him, and who was as destitute of benevolence as the Layman—and sup pose that the utmost energy of language and the inoft vivid glow of immagiriation had been exerted in dilcribing him as near perfection as human nature can attain; and that it had been aflerted that Ame rican which gave birth to this valuable ci tizen, was more learned than any other country upon earth; would my friend have excepted to the observations or bluHi ed at their absurdity ? 1 fear not. It is no secret, but a well known faft, that Scotland lias produced men of eminence in every branch of feience, and that learn ing is there more encouraged than in Ame rica. The Layman may deny this, he may deny that Scotland ever produced meu of confideralion in the literary world; but will the faft be thereby altered 3 He may aflert that more men of learning are to be found in the United States, and au thors of more solidity, purity and elegance of style than ever existed in Scotland ; but will he be so obliging as to point them out to his fellow-citizens ? The truth is, Ame rica does not vet rank high in the world for ils literature; even manv of those whole superior abilities might teem calcu lated to adorn their country, take a voyage the Atlantic to exercise their talents: What occasions this 3 What but because learning is there more patronifed and en couraged, and genius more lure of meeting 1 its reward than in this country ? I fincere* !y w ;fh it were other ways, but with all mv partialities in favour of my native land, I have not the weakness to aflert that it cau , ' ith Scotland in literary productions, and if I were to make such aft affertiou, the elegant variety of Scotch authors which compote part of rroft of the libraries in America would ccnridt me of a foolifh error? In fact it 4 is within the limits of poffi biiity that the Layman himfeif might have borrowed from Scotch authors both his ideas and ianguage and only added thereto enough of his own, to deftrov the ele gance and propriety of the original. To those however who delight in perverting the meaning of sentences, it may not be improper to notice, that to acknowledge Scotland superior to our country in learn ing is no more difrei’peftful to our go l vernment, than to acknowledge the supe riority of Great-Britain in naval force. Though it might be thought needless to reply to one who seems to imagine every epithet of praise bestowed on another is so much taken from himfeif, yet a desire to check an evident attempt to make im proper impressions on the public mind, will I trufl excule my noticeing publica tions which on any other principle ought to have pafled unregarded. ZENO. By Yesterday’s Northern Mail. LATEST NEWS, Received at Baltimore, by the Castor and Pollux, from Hamburg. LOWER ELBE, August 16. The telegraphs from London to portf mouth, Plymouth, &c. had been at work two whole days, to coiled! moll of the re maining {hips of war into a Channel fleet, for the reception of the combined French and Spanish fleets, should they venture to fleer towards Ireland. The Vienna Court Gazette of the 3d of August, containing two supplements ex traordinary of the 31st July and 2d August —the firft with details of the capitulation of Aleflandria, and the second with par ticulars of the siege of Mantua, down to the 26th ; but late in the afternoon anoth erfupplement extraordinary was published, announcing the surrender of the town and citadel of Mantua, according to our expectation in our last number," and of which we had however already received a full confirmation from the empire, on Sa turday and Sunday afternoon. The Paris papers of the 6th of August contain nothing very material, nor any official accounts from the armies of Italy or Switzerland; but, refpedling the latter, we know officially, from the Vienna Ga zette Extraordinary, that some straggling parties from Moreau’s army infeft the val- ISy of Bormido, for plunder, which made field maiflial Suvvarrow give orders to general Klenau to pursue the French in their rear towards Genoa, and thus effeeft a closer jun&ion with the main army. Eighteen thoufandmen had been detached from before Mantua, to join the grand ar my of the Ruffian chief. General Joubert will find his hands full on affiiming the command of the united forces of Macdon ald and Moreau, with the reinforcements from Nice, as the whole will not amount to more than 32,000 men. Moreau goes to the army of Switzerland, and Maflena is said to be recalled to Paris. We also learn officially, that the whole Adriatic coast, except Fans and Ancona, is evacuated by the French, and that they retreat towards Foiigno and Spoletto, in the high road to Rome, which private ac counts state to be surrounded by the Nea politan, Roman and Tuscany insurgents. From Switzerland we hear of no farther operations. Several rumors prevailed refpeftingDen mark joining the coalition, by the inter ference of his Ruffian majesty; but those rumors cannot yet be traced to an authen tic source: thus we cannot without im propriety, mention any farther particulars at prefect. The Petersburg Court Gazette, of the 26th July, contains a long lift of promo tions in the army, and the official report of field marshal Suvvarrow of the affairs in Italy until the :9th June; which con cludes, “ His Imperial highness the Grand Duke Constantine Pawlowitch, from a zeal for the general caule, led the Ruffian front troops, on the 17th to the reinforcement of the left wing, and, by his unremitting perseverance, conduced greatly to our vic tory.” The declaration of war by his Ruffian majesty, against Spain, on account of her alliance with France, is an event which must render that kingdom very luke-iuarm in the republican caule, if it does not ulti mately detach it. VIENNA, August 3. Triumph! triumph! Mantua the key of Italy, has fallen? and its conqueftis se cured to the victorious arms of our mo narch. This day’s court gazette contains the following three supplements extraordi nary, upon our rapid fucceffies in Italy : First J'ufpUment extraordinary to Vienna court gazette, July 13. “ General Midas has sent hither by cap tain Ertel, of the engineers, the capitula tion of the citadel of Alellacdria, besides fix stand of colors, which the t j bid down. fc lon had Third Supplement Extraordinary, August 3. SURRENDER of MANTUA “ The g enera! of artillery, Barm, Krav has lent 11s by major Fuhram, of the en! gineers, the momentous and pleafoo-' teiirgence of the surrender of the cir v* * i fortrefs of Mantua. y “ nd “ The following events preceeded so surrender of this place. Already j„ t j‘ w night of the 25th the redoubts on thedyf! between Cereia and Tee were carried 1 - aflault. On the 26th the enemy had eva coated fort St. Georgio, leaving behind several pieces of cannon and aniunib 0 n and our troops occupied it immediately’ The prisoners brought in declared, that the enemy were so feeble, as to have force men left to relieve the ports. On the - t i in the night our third parallel almost ready and advanced to the glacis, the enemy afraid of a storm upon the hornwork of Fradella, left the latter about midnight and retired into the city. Our ports of r rife.j e . men, who had flily pufbed forward, ob serving this, patroled after the enemy, and the works abandoned were immediately occupied by captain, count Bey, of the rangers of d’Afpre, with his company, no tice given of it in the trenches and the works in the latter were advanced to the crowning of the glacis and redoubts against the city. In this hornwork the enemy left behind 17 pieces of cannon and two mortars most of them dismounted and spiked, with the ammunition belonging to them. 5 “ This induced general Kray, partly to gain time to continue the works, partly to make the enemy’s fire cease, to fend early in the morning of the 26th, lieutenant co loncl of engineers, count Orlandini, with a written summons into the fortrefs, to the commandant, together with an account of the cirumftances of the enemy’s army, the surrender of citadel of Aleflandria, as also the occupation of the citadel of Florence, Leghorn and Lucca by our troops. “ The fire hereupon ceased on both sides, and while general Kray was waiting for the commandants answer, he gave or ders to carry on without interruption the works in .that hornwork for mortar bat teries, and for battering redoubts in the third parallel, so that should the enemy not agree to the capitulation offered them, a breach could shortly be made and the for trefs taken by storm. “ In the night between the 27th and 28th the laid lieutenant colonel count Or landini returned to gen. Kray, accompani ed by the French general of brigade of Moner, and brought him, amongst other terms of capitulation, that of the free de parture of the garrison. Gen. Kray an fwcred that he neither could nor would grant any terms, without thegarrifons sur rendering at discretion as prisoners of war. At last in the evening of the 28th the hos tile commandant notified in writing, that he would allow their being made prisoners of war, on condition of the garrison’s be ing permitted to return to France, on their parole not to serve till exchanged for Im perial Royal prisoners, that, this being granted he would remain behind three months prisoner of war, with his generals, his ftaff and other officers, but in no dis tant part of the German hereditary do minions of his majesty the emperor, and that at the expiration of the said time only desired to be escorted back to France on his parole. “ To avoid all further effufions of blood and to prevent the deftru&ion of the city of Mantua, in fine to save time for our fu ture operations, general Kray found him felf induced to accept of those proposals. “ In consequence thereof the capitula tion was fettled on the 30th ; on the fame day the garrison about 10,000 men ftron* marched out by the citadel, laid down their arms on the glacis, and was imme diately escorted in three columns to the French frontiers, agreeably to the above mentioned conditions. Both the capitu lation as well as the particulars relative to this important conquest will forthwith be publiftied.” The speedy surrender of Mantua secures us the conquest of all Italy. The opera tions of war will now take a different turn, as Suwarrow and Melas will have free play. Had the commandant of Mantua not surrendered that key of Italy, every preparation had been made to carry it by storm, in which a considerable number of Ruflians was to be employed. By this important exploit, general Kray has added frefli laurels to his mililarv fame, already so brilliant by his having defeated Sherer, and thus laid the foundation of our suc cesses in Italy. Mantua having fallen, the speedy surrender of every other fortrefs to the allies, may now be expected. The garrison is not to serve against the empe ror and his allies for a twelvemonth. The (caleing ladders which would have been used to storm that fortrefs, had it not sur rendered, are of a new conftru&ion, so that two men might have climbed one ladder.