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tvvo nnil n fculf cents f*liif nm;li t-ul'ieiiuniit, turns
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will lin pnMiniiPil nnin iniWiml tint, nml cli-ngei
iinrnnUnrly. **
I/KTn,;i: ; , (on )m iiii-ia) mn»l lm iiu*t-|iuiil—»n
iln y nniy tnri uifPl With attention. *
J T In this |in|ior tlni'l.nws As fhc Cniti il STalr;
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saerfwn'iawo.a 1 r mr«—ism
Latest from England.
NKW-VOBK. Jt'NF. 11.
By the packet ship John
Capt. Harris, which .arrived last eve
ning in no (lays from Liverpool, the
editors ol (he New York Daily Ad
vertiser have received (heir rugulai
files of London papers to (lie evening
of May Slli, Liverpool papers to May
10th, and Lloyd’s Lists and London
Shipping Lists of May 7di> all inclu
sive.
General Count JMolitor, at the head
of die whole corps of the French
anny, entered Saragossa <>n the 261 h
ol' April. This appears to have
taken place not only without opposi
tion, but hy tboV-onsent of the magis
trates.
The London Courier of the Bth of
May states, that the city had been
inundated with reports that morning,
’ one of vvhicii was that the French had
captured Pampcluna, and that was
immediately succeeded hy another
that the Duke tl’Augonle ne had been
assassinated. The Funds instantly
I'ell from 79 7-" to 79 1-4.
'i In* Liverpool Courier of the 10th
* '; May, contains a postcript in which
if is said that “ various reports pre
vail in Paris,” among which one was,
■ that tiie King had renewed his former
connexion with Dcciir.es, mid I lint the
l itter would soon be at the head ol
ii administration hall liberal hall
ultra, ami that Talleyrand was in
close union with Deca/.es.
Rumours were afloat that a negoti
ation w.isabonl to take place between
.vianee and the Cories.
The (’mirier of the Nth discredits
these stories, ami quotes the Quoth
(licniic of Monday preceding, in sup
■% port of the improbability.
By these accounts, it does not ap
pear the French had m:ule any pro
gross towards Madrid. They wore
at the latest date holbra Pampelnna.
1 in- rtnnonr of negotiation will pro
bable prove to he nothing more than
rumour.—lt will be recollected dial
all the accounts on the French side ol
Spain.mast come from the French,
mid therefore are to be taken with
grains of allowance. It is hardly le
J)e imagined, that the Spanish govern
met would so readily succumb allot
assuming such a lofty tone at die
outfit, and after taking the pains to
t. Kispurt their government to such a
distance from die immediate scene o!
. pf hostile operations as a place ol
sal'-ty.
Nor do we place any greater reli
rmc '>n the story of expected change
i.a the French Ministry. Such a
rn-easmv would indicate a determina
tion, tpi .the put of the King of
i Vu'iffr* to tvea! ids poops, and bring
.■'.bo at a peace without having aeemu
pitsht-1 one' object for which he pro
ms'. iinkcrtovik 1 1 1 ■ war.
'rite London Courier of‘May bill
ftatos lli.it die D ikw ti’Angoaleme
•; i:at| act .--'in.' mic.xjuvted difficulties
<ii !i. m, i ato Madrid,Mo roust*-
vp'iiee o. which 30,000 additional
'cd-ips mo ordered to die FvrtnWs
dt'om dm northern pacts of France.
I be last despatches from the head
quarters ol the French army, are
. .supposed to h.tv e strongly urged the
importance of imfiiediate reinforce
ments. i h;> nere&iilv ot reducing
“T Sebastian*, I’nmpiiana,and Fi
gn-'r.is, md llie impossibility old-iing
*■.trier with tin* force employed, ex
plain the gromTrjs of the new levy.—
I his 'orthe cause of the pause in the
•uh 'ile'c nl the French nrmv. ’
' h sun; * paper stales, that a,Rns-j
f'-n-n tifiiv is linduiibteiliv nssenihling!
i" the notchy of Warsaw, whether to
o\<*- ate Franco in'the absence »»f|
In r vwn soldiers, or to join die
f i•‘licit in Spain, is nut known
«’'•mniimic.itions between the courts
‘it \ ieoiet and M. I‘eiershnrg are s du|
fu have litTtuij- active, ami die Aus
trian Iraoju w ,;nh vvt-i c ulJC.ht to
o\ ainuie Italy had halted upon the
inlHliers ol Loia I ,'* oily. **
Fbe debate i; dm* 'tUW ol’Com-
IWiv, "Ii Mr. Me Dom'd |’s motion
t (u; • i soipdi ci ti-tir*' on All-iisters for
tm ill imieji ol li.eir nt*g wialions <m
(he sulij ,'CI o) tie* 1 .vm a ua.i Span
if
■ :■•■,*>, 1,. h- > '
ish affairs, lasted through three seve
ral sittings—a very rare occurrence t
in dm j British Parliament- On the I
last night,'Mr. Canning made along I
and very able defence of the Minis- t
try, the effect of which was such as i
to induce Mr. Brougham, who follow
ed him in debate, to urge the mover
of the resolution to withdraw it rather
than tome to a decision. Inconse
quence of this appeal to him, Mr.
M’Donald declared himself ready to
withdraw the motion, and to vote for
•s the amendment.—To this Mr. C.m
--" niug objected, amidst loud cheers
j ! from the Treasury Benches, when a
I division was loudly called for. The
7 opposition, wishing not to come to a
decision, rose in a body to leave the j
f. i House, but a division being called
’ for, the doors were closed, and they
j were compelled to remain. Upon
Ji! putting the question on the amend
ml ! ment, the ministerial members forced;
•ir| a division, upon which those whoi
were for the amendment passed into'
is the lohbj', and those who were against
|it remained in the House. Most of j
r I the ‘opposition went into the lobby
I with the ministcralists. The num-
I hers were announced, for (he amend
ment 37~ ; against it 20—majorty
352. Adjourned at 5 o’clock.
,’ We believe this F one of the great
’e 1 est triumphs ever gained in that
l_ House.
r I.IVBnPOOI., may 10.
g The three nights debate in the
y House of Commons on the subject of,
n | the, foreign negotiations, the result of j
i- which, (a triumphant approval of the j
j policy ofgovermnent,) we announced
j in our last, seems to have exhausted
1, | the talkative powers and propensities
I,; of the honourable house: there has
[; i been no debate since.
FRANCE AND SPAIN.
Some speculation is excited by the |
; rumour tharihe mail from Madrid is j
F stopped, and that the hospitals of j
1 Vittoria arc* crowded chiefly with
>! wounded. It is conjectured that
I something has taken place which it is
■> i not for the interest of the French go
• j venmient to allow to be known.
I I The reports concerning the exist-
Mence of negociatlons between the go
vernments of Spain and France, with
b the view to pacification,gain strength: j
Ii they arc repealed in every London!
- journal. 'I hey can, however, we
*,I still think, have no solid foundation.'
ri Paris lias been all gaiety in conse-j
e i quence ol the commemoration of the
I return o! the rule of legitimacy and'
I the Bourbons.
it; 1 here are various ritniotirs of;
1 changes in the Spanish ministry; but'
i-1 so vague are they, that they inform'
n ns aliernutelV that these changes are 1
; lavonrable to peace and concession, |
sjand that they are only indicative of'
’-|gieater firmness and perseverance,'
i- am! activity in the cause of the c.ou- j
slitution, |
'• i We have, for some considerable i
time, heard nothing of Riego, whose j
e name, it might have been expected,!
i. would have been much in men’s!
>- months in these stirring time. The!
n i last papers give us a hint of his mo-!
“J lions. He had been at Cadi/ on the j
>1 9th tilt, where ho was received with)
i, enthusiasm,and whore he made an,
h eloquent speech to the people, ex-,
o honing them to strict unanimity in |
i-j the observance of the constitution.—
r'What lie was meditating, or in act
e! ol perforating, beyond the exercise
0 I of bis lungs, in favour of (he cause, is
a ■ not stated,
■ j I -ate rumour contradicts what was
I, believed to he certain, that the French
j had possession of Saragossa: it isj
-jsiiid that place is disposed to hold,
i* out against the enemy,
i' Tim heavy artillery, it is stated in I
the Bayonne papers, which is intend
s ed for the sieges of San Sebastian
: and Pampeluna, begins to arrive.—!
I They are very line 2 1-pounders, j
made at i luutlonse.
! The French army in the west have!
ii advanced little beyond Burgos, to
e| which place the head quarters have!
s| not yet .been removed from Vittoria. j
1 It does not appear to be their pLyn !
1 j to preifS on nine'll farther at present;
s, there seems rather a disposition to
.{pause, which, doubtless, has given!
I rise to the numerous reports of uego- ’
.'jcialiotjs being on toot, but which is!
run Ii more reasonably explained, by i
-I supposing the army to be awaiting
; the ajiproaeh of- reinforcements,;
•; u'hieh, to the amount of 30,000 men,
: it is known, have been desired by the j
1 leaders of tin; invasion.
•j Mote active measures are in opera
j tion by I hi* army in the eastern dis
, tricls. Smagosa and Jacu have been
I possession of without resis
: tauce, and the fortress of Figueras is
i nve sit'd. We iinye i user tin I. in an
j earlier column of our sheet, tliesum
-1 i moos to surrender, adtlrtsscd to San
*j MtgnH, the commander of this place.
; | and the reply of that officer* These
i we insert 'd, attracted by the energy,
the bold truth and spirit ofthat reply,
it has been rumoured (hut this place
has surrendered, with a \yry Hilling
resistance. This, however, is not
confirmed, nor is it probable, after
i the spirited reply of the governor.
■ We have almost prepared ourselves
i to find another B ilhlox in rh«n Ml
■ 1 p i. unotlicr Sttrugos-a in Ftgucras.
The Provisional Junta of Spain is
composed of Equia, president, Erol
les, Gomez, Galderon and Jean Bap
tiste d’Erra. Its authority has been
solemnly recognized by the Duke!
d’Angoulenae, and in consequence of!
its formal and complete organization,
it has issued its orders to all gover
nors and oilier authorities, to recog
nize and yield obedience to it, giving
instruction, at the same time, with
respect to the mode and form of re
verence with which „it is to be ad
dressed.
Thp fortresses of San Sebastian
and Pampeluna have not yet been
vigorously assaulted; they, conse
quently, continue the inert impedi
ments in the way of the otherwise
smooth and easy course of the invad
ing army.
LONDON, MAY 8.
“ City Twelve o’clock—Toe City
; has been inundated with reports this
I morning. The remour of the cap
i ture of Pampeluna was immediately
succeeded by the report of the as
sasination of the Duke d’Angoulerne.
The Funds instantly fell from 79 7-3
to 791-4. Spanish Bonds have to-day
been fluctuating from 37 to 38.
The French Rentes, on Tuesday,
were Bfc>f. 10c. Spanish Bonds re
ported at 42.”
PAULS, may 2.
While the Journal ejes Debuts con
firms that Ulinann, one of the Chiefs
of the Faith, has entered Valencia,
■ which does not at all appear from the
*i official despatches, we read, on the
: contrary, in a letter from Perpignan,
[of the 24th, that the Constitutional
Gen. Manso has come to join Mina
with his division, the affairs of Va
cia no longer causing any uneasiness.
It seems there is nothing new on
the side of Catalonia in the move
ments of our army.
: Various reports prevail in Paris.
! We give the following as it readied
j us in a letter from one of our corres
| pondents—“ It is rumoured that the
j King* fearing the consequences of the
violence of the present ministry, has
renewed his former connection with
Decazcs, and that rhe latter will be
soon at the head of a half libera!, half
j ultra administration. Talleyrand is
i in close union with Decazes.”
[ Globe & Tran.
LONDON, MAY
! We have received, says the Jour- 1
: no Ide Paris, letters and papers from
i Madrid of April 24; they, contain
■ nothing very remarkable. Count
j Abisbal was preparing to lea'.’o die
\ capital with his army ; it w is not
j known which way he would go.—
| 'Flu? emigration from Madrid con
tinues, and all the valuable effects
I that were in the capital have been
. sent to various strong places in the
j Peninsula.
I A letter from Vittoria of April 28,
| written by one of the officers, attnclt
j ed to the household of the Duke of
; Angoulenu* to his brother in Paris,
Isays, u Ills Royal Highness is to
i leave V iltoria on the sth May, to
! stop four days at Burgos, and to ur
j rive at Madrid on the 2()lh.” One
| could not travel with more security
i in I' ranee, and our army would ahea
! dy occupy the capital of Spain, if the
i Prince had not resolved to war till
1 the communication with Catalonia
j was perfectly established.
CAPTURE OF SARAGOSSA.
Telegraphic Despatch. Mead Quarters,)
26ttj April, 7 o’clock in the evening. 5
At the moment of sending my let
j ter, it is announced that Saragossa
has been taken by a most vigorous ef
fort ofthe French army.
1 Our troops have entered Tudela.
; His Royal Highness the Common
; derip chief has ordered that the Os
; (leers, sub-officers, and soldiers ofthe
slh division, commanded by Lieut.
. General Viscount Obert, be purlieu
; larv honoured, for their excellent
1 conduct at the taking of Lograno on
| the 1 Ktli.
V.’e press on tiie blockade of San
tona with increasing vigour. The
1 fort of Loredo has been taken, on the
I 21st by the troops of the Faith, which
makes us master ofthe Hoads c>f San
tonin. Communication has been es
l tablished by the right bank of the
; Ebro with the second corps, which
continues its march on to Saragossa.
1 The Revolutionary troops retreat in
; every direction : the desertion is very
considerable. A great number of
I soldiers who have been forced to fol
low,them enter their habitations,
j Mo news from the blockade of
, Pampeluna and St. Sebastian.
By order of his Royal Highness.
COUNT Gl/iLEMiNOT.
| Summons addressed to tlic Commander of Kifue
rns hy Mars lull .Mom-tv, April 24
u .The Marshal of France , com
manding in Chief the Fourth Corps
of the Eastern Pyrenees.”
i: In the name of his Most Catho
lic Majesty Ferdinand VII. Consi
dering the disposition ofthe Spanish
people, nul the reception with which
the troops under our command are
hailed every whereon their passage;
considering that the first duty—-the
first sentiment of the noble and gene
rous minds w ho direct the movements
ol the royal annv, is to appease the
animosities which spring from revo
lutions, to unite in submission to
thetr sovereign all misled Spaniards,
and thus to spare the effusion of pre- i
; cious blood, 1 invite the Governor ot; <
Figueras to surrender that fortress to
the combined royal armies of Fiance t
[and Spain. The act in which the <
'(Governor of Figueras will find all \
, the guarantees which he can desire,
lis the subjoined proclamation to the <
. Spaniards, by his Royal Highness j<
the Duke of Angouleme. The Span
[ ish colours will continue to float on
. the ramparts of Figueras. The con
- fidence of the Governor towards the i
royal army in this conjecture, cannot
i in the least wound the laws of honor,
i It will he entirely national, and will
. ensure to him thegoott will and satis
- faction of his august sovereign, Fer-
Idinand VII. The Marshal is autho
- rised to give to the Governor the as
surance that property will be respect
ed, that persons will not be molested
r on account of their political opinions,
j and that his excellency, and till those
- under his orders, will preserve their
r honours, their ranks, their emolu
- merits, and prerogatives. Done at
. head-quarters, under Figueras, April
j 22. (Signed) “MONCE.”
i To this summons the Governor,
. St. Miguel, returned the following
, answer, —
“ Senor General.—The fortress of
St. Fernando de»Figueras, which the
nation has entrusted to my care, and
. to whose confidence I desire to make
i a return becoming a true Spaniard
, and a free man, shall not be surren
. dered, nor placed in the hands of the
• royal armies of France and Spain, as
, your excellency requires in your let
-1 ter of this date, delivered to me by
i Capt. Laserra, your aid-de-camp ;
and its garrison, penetrated with the
, same sentiments as myself, are re
solved to bury themselves under its
. ruins, rather than fail in the observ
ance of their honour and their oaths.
I am sensible to the tact, and lament
the prospect, that precious blood must
flow on both sides; but it is not in my
power to prevent it. With your ex
cellency and your army alone resides
the power to prevent the calamities
which you deplore, by uniting your
selves with a people who so much de
sire liberty, instead of unjustly and
forcibly imposing chains upon a na
tion which enjoys that liberty, and
, which neither acknowledges, nor will
ever acknowledge, the right of any o
ther power to interfere in the politi
cal concerns, or receive at foreign
diction, laws it alone must frame for
itself. As lam very far from accept
ing the proposals of your excellency,
1 lay aside, as entirely irrelevant, the
■ proclamation which his Royal
• ness the Duke of Angouleme has ad
; dressed to the Spaniards, which can
i only be good and useful for perfidi
; ous Spaniards, and unnatural chil
dren of their country; but not to true
, sons of that mother, whom they do
■ highly value, and for whose prosperi
f ty and happiness they are disposed to
, sacrifice themselves. This is the on
> ly answer I have to return to your
i excellency. Wishing not to fail in
- civility, I determined to admit the
; first flag of your excellency ; but I
must apprise you that I shall not
- treat in the same manner the second
J which comes with the same mission.
1 Given in the fortress of St. Fernando
t de Figueras, the first bulwark of the
national liberty, the 22d of April,
.1823. (Signed)
“TheGovernorSanty St. JUGUEL.”
PARIS PAPERS.
- Fifth Bulletin ofthe Spanish army.
I Head-quarters, Viltoria, April 30, 1323
General Count Molitor, at the head
of the whole of the second corps, en
tered Saragossa on the 2Gth April.
. The evening before, the Magistrates
’ of that City had gone to meet him as
, lur as Mallen, and on their request a
battalion of the advanced guard, cum
. manded hy Colonel Bellangcr, was
t sent forward. The most perfect or
, der reigned in the midst of the nu
merous population, whose lively en
thusiasm required rather to be chock
. ecl than excited. In the midst of
, this general joy, ami with brilliant
, pomp, the entrance of t!ie French
. troops into the capital of Arragon
took place.
, There were found in the castle of
, Saragossa 48 camion, a great quanti
ty of projectiles, and other munitions
, of war. The Revolutionists, in re
, tiring, had only time to destroy the
|- powder. More than 8000 Arrago
ntse in arms will already have been
joined to the second corps,
f Ballastcros retires precipitately on
Valencia, ordering along with him
the whole of his detachments. The
blockade, of Meqninenza has been
raised in consequence of the move
ments of the 2d corps, combined with
- that of the Marshal Duke de Coneg
f liaiio, who, after having taken pos
session ot Rosas, has formed the
- blockade of Figueras, occupied the
■ city, and is going to pursue his ope
i rations in Catalonia.
i The important citadel of Jaca was
; placed in the power of his Catholic
; Majesty on the 24th inst. by the re
(l gimont which was destined to form
■ i its garrison, and which took posses
; sion of the place with cries of ‘ Live
■ our beloved King Live Ferdi
■ naud !’— * Live religion !’
i Marshal the Duke of Reggio, who
II still at Burgos, is constantly receiv
ing frgsh of the impati- .
ence with which we are expected at! 1
Valladolid. The inhabitants of mat! i
town have given a proof of their good i
disposition, by taking up" arms to[j
repel a party under the Empecinado,:
which had been sent thither to carry j i
off the Countess O’Donnel, the wife j
of Lieut. General O’Donnel, cine of l
hfe Most Catholic Majesty’s most!
faithful servants. ■
A column, under orders of Ge
neral Abignac, of the Ist corps,
traverses the country between Burgos
and Santander, in order to induce the
evacuation of the latter (own, apd to
support the Spanish troops com
manded by Quesada which blockades
Santona. These troops have, ob
tained possession of the fort of Lare
do) which places the roads of Santin
na in their power.
A slight engagement took place at
the blockade of Pampeluna, between
a few hundred men who made a
sortie on a convoy of provisions and
a detachment of the Gth regiment of
the line (Conchy’s division), which
immediately drove them back into
the place, with the loss of several
killed, and about ten wounded.
Order and tranquillity prevail in
all the provinces occupied by the
army. (Signed)
The Major-General Count Gallleimnot.
u From the Ihickowinn, April 8.
11 News has just been received from
Jassy, that the Hospodar of Molda
via has been ordered by the Porte to
arrest, and send beyond the Danube,
40 or 50 Boyars, as well as the Me
tropolitan, to be tried for their con
duct during the last two years.
“ As there are five Austrian sub
jects among them, M. de Lippa, the
Austrian Consul, required that they
should be excepted from the measure,
and given up to him, otherwise he
would leave Jassy. But the Prince
declared that he could make no
change in the orders ofthe Porte, and
that it was indifferent to him whether
the agent remained at Jassy or went
away. • *
“ In fact, all these prisoners have
been taken from Jassy, fastened two
together in the Turkish fashion to be
tried.
Letters from Petersburg!), dated
the 11th ult. slat■' that on the pre
ceding day a government ofiicial no
tice was affixed on the Exchange,
warning the merchants not to carry
on any commercial transactions with
Spain and Portugal, and particularly
not to send any vessel thither. The
same letters mention a curious in
stance of disaffection to the Russian
Autocrat among the peasantry of the
government of Witepsk, who, though
recently released from bondage, and
actually vested with a right to the
produce of their own labor, have had
the ingratitude to answer this benefit
by a refusal to pay their taxes. They
have even gone so far as to insult an
imperial agent sent thither to remon
strate with them, and have had the
audacity to address a letter to the
Empress Dowager, in which they
accuse the Emperor himself of injus
tice ! It has been found necessary
to despatch troops to the province to
put down the rising disaffection.
The following are extracts of let
ters received yesterday from Madrid
and Seville :
SEVILLE, APRIL 19.
A question is in agitation here re
specting the removal of the King to
Cadiz, not on account of any danger
that threatens the Royal person, but,
it is said, owing to some distrust that
prevails respecting the militia, and
the want of harmony between them
and the regular troops, in conse
quence of which some tragical events
are apprehended. It has been judg
ed necessary to establish patrols of
horse and foot, both within and with
out the city. With regard to the
King’s inclination, it is said that he
is unwilling to quit Seville, and that
[. Up ventured to declare so to several
persons who Have lately been intro
' duced to him.
But the most important topic un
der discussion is the expected chan
f ges in the Ministry. On the 17th in
, the evening, a secret meeting took
1 place ot the chief members of the
Cortes now in Seville, in which it
was determined to propose to the
King’s acceptance, as Ministers, Ca
latrava in the first instance, and that
Sancho should afterwards be united
with him ii possible, with the power
ot selecting their own colleagues in
.office. This step has arisen from a
persuasion that the present men in
power have acted imprudently in re
jecting the mediation of England, and
that at the present moment Ministers
must be selected who incline to the
policy of attempting an amicable ac
commodation with France. Whe
ther this end will be answered bv the
formation of the new Ministry is still
to be proved.”
Frankfort papers to the 25th ult.
have arrived this morning. The fol
lowing are extracts:
SEMLIN, APRIL 3.
All the letters from the environs
Seres, Betoglia, and Saloniclii, up to]
the 29tli of March, confirm the news
that the Greeks have effected a land
ing on the coast of Macedonia. This ■
ovent lias caused mud,.
ti.«Turk.,bu,;co K i;::™
Known cruelty ( ,f
the most dreadful ±* r *<,U
expected*. The cpl.il
Bobelina has plarued I
mourning on the island ci tS ! 'B
but this must be considered-k^’-I’
diversion, as it will be extrl > ■
licult for the Greeks to K
ground there. nt ' Un 'V, t ■
A report has been spread'fo/l'
days at Belgrade, that due ; J||; - ■
ries, angry at the removal’tl'? ■
Grand Vizier, who hud ure; .,lv ’ H
tributed to thefallofHalebV.lv B
had carried off the only 5.,,,' " |?W
Sultan, and heir to his throne! Jj If -
had conveyed him into their b-. rtl ■
iMnco then, two Tartars have artiw; fli
at Belgrade, and the Turks
peuly of this event, which, l Mv ,, v . K
great, needs confirmation by tlie next B1
mail from Constantinople.
ODESSA, apiul3, B
l-«r these two days past, there i, H
a report of another fire said to have
broken out at Constantinople, and to B
have raged very near the Seraglio H
I’he last letters from H
mention only the great fire at Toph a . H
na, and some advantages gained by H
the Persians ; in consequence of which B
great armament are preparing. H
CONSTANTINOPLE, MARCH 25. H
Three weeks have scarcely elapj. B
ed since the great catastrophe, and ■
already we see new habitations rise B
among the ruins, built as slightly an £s B
as carelessly as the. preceding, so that ’ I
there will be no want of fuel for fu- B
ture fires! Proposals of peace have I
been made from Persia. The Porte I
wishes the negociations to be carried I
on at Erzerum. I
FIIOM THE NATINOAL GAZETTE. I
In adverting to the contents ofthe I
last number of the American Journal I
of Science, we have not before notic- I
ed a very interesting article by Pro- I
lessor Sitliman, on the Deflagratorof I
duV fellow citizen Professor Hare.— I
This instrument, as splendid in its I
operations as it is likely to be useful I
as an instrument of analysis, has, in I
the hands of the former gentleman, I
led to one of the most brilliant results I
of modern chemistry.—Ho lias not I
only fused the Anthracite and Plum- I
bago, but it is not too much to say
that he has actually converted their. '
into Diamonds. The following ex
tracts from his paper will prove the
correctness of our assertion—
“ On the end of the prepared char
coal and occupying frequently an
area of a quarter of an inch or more
in diameter, were found numerous
globules of perfectly melted matter
entirely spherical in their form, hav
ing a high vitreous lustre and a grea
degree of beauty. Some of them,
and generally they were those most
remote from the focus, were of a jet
black like the most perfect ob
sidian ; others were brown, yellow,
and topaz coloured ; others still were
greyish white, like pearl stones, with
the translucence and lustre of porce
lain ; and others still limpid like Hint
glass, or in some cases like hyalite or
precious opal, but without the irides
cence of the latter.’’
w I detached some of the globules
and firmly bedding them in a handle
of wood, tried their hardness and
firmness; they bore strong pressure
without breaking, and easily scratch
ed not only flint glass but window
glass and even the hard green variely
which forms the aqua forlis bottles.
The globules which had acquired
this extraordinary hardness, were
formed from plumbago which was so
soft that it was perfectly free from
resistance when crushed between tire
thumb and finger.”
Speaking of the globules obtained
in another experiment he observes,
that “some were perfectly limpid,
and could not be distinguished by the
eye from portions of diamond.”
The experiments detailed remove
every suspicion which might be enter
tained that these globules were the
earthy matter contained in the plum
bago which was vitrified by the in
tense heat.—They were exposed in
ajar of oxygen gas to the focus of a
powerful lens, and although they
neither melted, nor altered their
forms, a decided precipitate was .
formed upon the introduction of hint j
water into the vessel.
u The globules of melted plumbago
are absolute non-conductors of elec
tricity, as strictly so as the diamond.
lie adds with characteristic mo
desty—“ It will now probably not be
deemed extravagant, if we conclude
that our carbonaceous sub
stances approximate very nearly to
the condition of Diamond.”
We have much reason to be proud
of this discovery. It is, unquestion
ably, one of the most interesting ol
the present day. It fills a .chasm in
the science of chemistry, which has
hitherto been a reproach to our pow
ers of analysis, and by con finning, as
it does, the reasonings ofcLavoisier,
it is calculated to strengthen our con
fidence in that inductive philosophy
which has already achieved so many
triumphs. It is, moreover, an Ame
rican discovery—by an A«w‘«* ft