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Legal advertisements of Ordinaries, Sheriffs
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CORRESPONDENCE.
Correspondence solicited; but to receive atten
tion, letters must be accompanied by a
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as a guarantee of good faith.
A letters should be addressed to
J. H. ESTILL, Savannah, Ga.
SATURDAY. MAY U, 1881.
Registered at tlie Post Office In Sa
vannah as Second Class Platter.
Important to Agents anil Postmast
ers.
The price of the Weekly News for one year
s 82, wo pay the postage. Weekly News and
Farmer's Monthly for one year $3 50, we pay
the postage also.
Commissions allowed will be found in our
circulars to agents, which, with posters, blanks,
sample copies, etc., will be sent free of charge
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er's Monthly will be sent one year for every
five subscribers at $2 00 each.
Subscriptions always payable in advance.
Money can be placed on deposit with us by
agents, and the names of subscribers can be
forwarded to us as received on postal cards,
thus saving the agent quite a sum in postage
Many of our agents now do this, and we think
it an excellent plan. In such cases care should
be taken not to go beyond the deposit
made. Balance to credit of any agent
will be returned on giving notice to that effect.
Remittances can be made by post office
order, registered letter, drafts on New York or
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are usually safe if sent in a well sealed and
plainly directed envelope.
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larger amount than that named, we will re
turn them to the sender. Please do not forget
this.
Agents should be particular in writing names
plainly. Care in this respect wil save us much
time in deciphering illegible writing, and pre
vent many annoying and unavoidable mistakes.
Names and places familiar to writers are not
so to us, and much valuable time is lost in try
ing to make thorn out, which a little care on
the part of the writer would render unneces
sary.
All letters should be addressed to
J. 11. ESTILL,
No. 3 Whitaker street,
Savannah, Ga.
Postmasters
Will please remind subscribers to the
Weekly News that they are authorized
to receive and forwaid subscriptions.
Quite a number of renewals can be
secured at this time, by simply calling
the attention of subscribers to the
fact that their subscriptions will soon
expire.
An international art exhibition will
be held in Vienna in 1883. The reso
lution was finally adopted a few weeks
since, at a meeting of the. society of
artists, attended by two hundred mem
bers and under the Presidency of Herr
Makart. It was at the same time re
solved to extend the Kunstlerhaus or
permanent exhibition building. It was
stated that the subscriptions to the guar
antee fund, the amount of which was
put down at 100,000 florins, had now
reached 310,000 florins. Among the
contributions ivas one of 10,000 florins
from the city of Vienna.
According to Ingersoli an infidel is a
“man who has made an intellectual ad
vance.” In that case the New York Post,
reasons that Ingersoli himself is not an
infldel. There is no evidence that he
has made any intellectual advance what
ever. His arguments and his illustra
tions were old and threadbare before he
was born, lie interests his audiences by
an honest hardihood of utterances and
a certain rhetorical dash and glitter, and
by these ouly.
Even that ultra radical organ, the
Chicago Tribune, cannot justify the star
route thieves. It is forced to admit that
even if they did send a portion of their
money to Indiana to purchase that State
for the Republican?, it does not lessen
the enormity of their crimes. The
Tribune is right. To the contrary, it is
but an exaggeration of their crimes.
The advocates of speculative insurance
in Pennsylvania are growing desperate
in their attempts to defeat the legislation
designed to prohibit the nefarious trade.
A meeting is proposed to devise a plan
of operations, and even the raising of a
corruption fund is hinted at.
One of the provisions of a bill prepared
for introduction into the Massachusetts
Legislature makes it the duly of every
hotel or restaurant using oleomargarine
on its tables to put up a notice, in a con
spicuous place, “Oleomargarine served
here.”
Congressman elect Paul addressed a
Readjuster meeting in Luray, Va., last
iionday. He is quoted as saying, “Next
fall we will have the Federal patronage
to aid us, and then we will settle the debt
as we please. ”
The New Orleans Picayune suggests
that since Postmaster Tyler, of Balti
more, was removed from office for kiss
ing one of his lady clerks, his successor
will take warning and devote himself
exclusively to the mails.
A lecture on Sarah Bernhardt in San
Francisco recently was delivered before
a slim audience. That was in strict ac
cordance with the eternal fitness of
things.
Immigrants are pouring into the coun
try through New York at the rate of
18,000 a week. The money they bring
averages SIOO each.
The Alleged Bad Treatment of
Immigrants in Georgia.
A short time since, as our readers will
remember, we published a statement
made by a correspondent from Cochran
to the effect that certain German immi
grants, all mechanics, who recently
landed in New York, had, upon their
arrival, entered into an engagement with
the Georgia Land ana Lumber Company
through an agent of said company; that
they came to this city en route to their
place of destination, and, both on the
voyage and while here, received-the
kindest treatment, and were greatly
elated over their prospects,
but that after leaving here
they were taken to Mcßae, and
from there were driveu out in the coun
try several miles, placed in leaky shan
ties and left to shift for themselves for
two days, during which lime they saw
no one at all; and after this
treatment they were told to go to
work and cultivate a piec of ground,
and that negotiations looking to a
sale of the property to them, upon
easy terms, would be entered upon at
some future time. Being mechanics,
however, and knowing nothing of plant
ing, they declined to agree to this
proposition, and, claiming that the con
tract made with them in New York had
uot been carried out, they left in dis
gust.
This is the gist of the statement
made by our Cochran correspondent,
although his letter presented the case
iu a much worse light than we gave it.
It will also be remembered that when
we published the above statement we
distinctly stated that we had
little doubt that the bad treat
ment complained of had been
exaggerated, and that it could be satis
factorily explained. We were led to
this conclusion by the fact that Georgia
desires an influx of thrifty and industri
ous immigrants to settle up and develop
her waste places, and that, therefore, it
would be the height of folly to drive off
such immigrants by carelessness, bad
treatment, or lack of consideration for
their interests. Besides this, we knew that
the many prosperous German citizens
already living amongst us were ready and
willing to extend a huspitable welcome
to their compatriots desirous of changing
their homes, and we were sure that they
would not consent to the strangers being
neglected.
It seems that our conclusions based
upon this reasoning were correct. We
have been shown a letter received by a
prominent merchant of this city from the
Superintendent of the aforesaid company
a few days since, alluding to the com
plaints set forth by our correspondent
and setting the company right in the
matter. He says that the fare from New
York to the camps of the company iu
Telfair county was paid by the
company for the whole party of
immigrants under contract with them.
Shelter was provided them, not in shan
, ties, but in comfortable houses, such as
are ordinarily used ia that section of coun
try by small farmers; provisions were
furnished in abundance, and after they
were located they werrf offered land, by
the cultivation of which they could, al
most from the start, have made a com
fortable livelihood, since they had a mar
ket right at their very doors, as the com
pany was ready to buy from them, at the
highest prices, whatever they produced.
The gentleman further goes on to say
that a complete refutation of the state
ment made to our correspondent is to be
found in the gradual return of all the
discontented ones, while the well known
name of Hon. William E. Dodge, Presi
dent of the company, and his high
standing in the commercial world is, of
itself, a sufficient guarantee that he
would not allow anything with which
his name is connected to be so conducted
as to leave unpon any transaction the
least taint of suspicion or misrepresenta
tion.
We most cheerfully publish the above
denial of the complaint made to us, and
have no doubt of its substantial verity,
not only because it is to the manifest in
terest of the company to induce immi
gration to their lauds, but because of the
following corroboration of the Superin
tendent’s statement, which we find in
the Wiregnm Watchman. Alluding to
our article, that paper says:
“The truth of the matter, when sifted,
is simply this: The Georgia Land and
Lumber Company had erected ou each
fifty acres of a number of lots of land,
good, ueat and substantial two room
houses —far better than a majority of
our good citizens occupy—and gave the
said immigrants the choice of either im
proving the said fifty acres at once or
working for them at far better wages
than they can command iu ‘their shops’
North, until they might become able to
make the necessary improvements, they
meanwhile occupying the houses erected
for their accommodation and having a
fair time to pay for their homes. These
immigrants, had they been disposed to
labor, could Irave netted a salary of fifty
dollars per month in the employ of the
said company, as many negroes here are
earning more.”
It will be seen that this puts a very
different appearance upon the matter
than it, at first, bore, and we are very
glad that it has so resulted. Our object
iu making the publication, iu the first
place, was simply to give the company
an opportunity to justify themselves,
w r e holding that while such complaints
are beiug circulated, it would be far
better to have them known and refuted
than otherwise. Discontented persons
spreading broadcast injurious reports of
such character can always do much
harm if the press is sileut, and
no meaa3 are taken to offset
their statements. By publishing them,
however, public attention is called to
them, and if they can be successfully
refuted, as iu this instance, great good
will be effected. Immigrants desiring to
settle iu Georgia, or to make contracts
with the Land aud Lumber Company
aforesaid, will, seeing this refutation, be
slow hereafter to believe the injurious
reports, and will, at any rate, receive
them with a large allowance of salt. We
feel safe in assuring all such immigrants
that nowhere in the country will they
have better prospects for the future than
in the Sunny South, and nowhere in the
South than iu this Empire State of
Georgia.
In 1883 the planet Venus will make a
transit across the sun’s disc, which will
be visible throughout the whole of North
America. Astronomers are already mak
ing preparations for the observations of
this transit, which will be the greatest
astronomical event anticipated in this
quarter of the globe during the present
century.
THE SAVANNAH WEEKLY NEWS, SATURDAY, MAY 14, 1881
Gambling ia Human Life.
The craze for speculation in life in
surance policies which has seized upon
the people of Pennsylvania >s certainly a
most singular mania, and i;s growing to
so tremendous and alarming extent that
the grand jury of one county (Dauphin)
has had its attention called to the sub
ject, while the State Legislature has
under consideration a measure looking
to its suppression.
The manner in which this speculation
is carried on is one of the most remark
able features connected with it. It is
done by means of “Mutual Aid Compa
nies” which, under the offer of cheap in
surance, have made themselves popular,
and the strange part of all is that the
more rapidly tire insured die off, the
more profitable it is for the companies.
This "most ingenious paradox” is thus
explained. The extremely sick and
aged are paid a small consideration
to induce them to take out a policy, and
assign it in blank, This policy is then
sold to the highest bidder, who buys it
ou speculation. When a death occurs,
all those holding policies, whether by
purchase or otherwise, in the “co opera
tive companies” are assessed to make up
the sum due, which sum is divided be
tween the fortunate purchaser of the
“lucky” policy and the managers of the
compauy, the latter retaining from 35
to 50 per cent, of the amount as charges
for their services. The policy holders
who pay the assessments are the losers,
but as each one expects, sooner or later,
to profit by the death of the party upon
whose life he or she holds his or her
policy, the assessments are always paid
promptly. Os course the unlucky specu
lator in this transaction is the man whose
“subject” lives longer than it was calcu
lated when the policy was purchased.
We see it stated by a Philadelphia
paper,the Press, that the amount of funds
squandered in this way is incalculable.
The scheme appeals strongly to the cu
pidity of the more ignorant, who see
iu it a splendid chance of making
a fortune at little risk. They there
fore take policies right and left, and
are impoverished in a few months by
their efforts to meet the assessments,
which come in on them at a rate they
had never been led to expect. Large
sums of money have thus been paid by
men which were sorely needed to feed
and clothe their families. In this way
this co-operative insurance business car
ries with it all the evils of speculation
and of gambling, with others peculiar to
itself.
It is impossible to conceive of any
more degrading depth to which the love
of money, or the mania to get rich with
out labor, can lead a man. Yet it is
stated that in Pennsylvania, where this
traffic in blood is being carried on, all
classes of the people are not only coun
tenancing, but actively entering into the
speculations, while the policies are open
ly and shamelessly sold at public outcry
and on the streets, not of interior
towns alone, but even upon those of
Philadelphia. We read that even the
Executive Chair is paralyzed by the se
ductive attractions of these investments,
aud the law-making power is really part
and parcel of the evil itself. In conse
quence, the legitimate effects of the
practice are already manifesting them
selves, for, - from the same paper
from which we make the above •extinct,
we see that among the interesting inci
dents which the investigation of thi.-
business has developed is that of a doctor
insuring a patient under his charge, and
an undertaker a man for whom he has
been called to measure for a coffin. A son
in one instance insured his dead father,
and six cases have been brought to light
where the insured have been murdered
by these holding assignments of their
policies. Some of these offenders have
been brought to justice, but the so called
insurance companies are not interested
in prosecuting them, though called to
pay the policies which have been dyed
deep with fraud and crime.
The “barbarous and poverty-stricken
South” has great cause to congratulate
herself that this infamous practice does
not exist within her borders, but is con
fined to the enlightened and wealthy
North. Barbarous she may be, but may
the Almighty ever protect her from becom
ing civilized (?) in this way, and may
she continue poverty stricken to all eter
nity ere she consents to gain riches by
shameless speculations upon the lives ot
the aged, infirm and unfortunate.
Several of the female Mormon con
verts, who recently reached Castle Gar
den, have surrendered to the persuasions
of young men in New York and con
cluded uot to go West. It is suggested
that this may probably work a solution
of the Mormon problem. Let the hand
some young Gentiles of the country do
their duty iu the matter of wooing, and
there will soon be no superfluity of un
married females left for the Polygamist
to entice into unholy wedlock.
Last Sunday sixty-nine German immi
grants arrived iu Salisbury, aud are
expected to become a permanent
part of the population of Row
an county, N. C. The party was
composed of twenty-four men, fourteen
women and thirty-one children, aged
from two months up to twenty years
old. They are German Polanders. This
party were mostly farmers, but it is un
derstood that a car load of carpenters,
masons, etc., are to follow.
A new gas company has been organ
ized rn Baltimore with a capital of SB,-
000,000. The company will be ready
to furnish gas to customers November 1.
The price of the gas will not be more
than $1 50 per thousand cubic feet. If
it supplies two-thirds of the consump
tion of the city the price will not be
more than $1 35 per thousand cubic
feet. The quality of the gas is to be of
the best and free from impurities.
The attempt by Brady to associate
President Garfield’s name with the star
route swindles by publishing the Hub
bell letter—in which Mr. Garfield asked
Mr. Brady to contribute from his ple
thoric purse towards purchasing a Re
publican victory iu Indiana—is regarded
as a tacit confession of his guilt by the
ex Assistant Postmaster General.
The statistics of gold mining in Aus
tralia, furnished in the report of Mr.
Hay ter, statistician to the Government of
Victoria, continue to exhibit a remarka
ble decline. The quantity raised in all
these colonies since 'deposits of that
metal were first discovered in 1851, is
estimated at 69,000.000 ounces, valued
at $1,355,000,000.
Silk Culture ia the South.
Mr. George R. Cook, writing from
Barrsville, Columbia county, Florida,
asks us if we can refer him to some par
ties from whom he-would be most likely
to procure silk worm egg 3 and the best
work upon silk culture, and such other
information relative to such culture as
might prove valuable. He also states
that he is impressed with the idea that
the silk worm would do well in the
climate in which he resides if properly
cared for, and he requests us to give him
any facts in our possession likely to
prove the contrary.
In reply to his first question we will
refer our correspondent to the Woman’s
Silk Culture xVssociation, ISTo 1828 Ches
nut street, Philadelphia, which associa
tion will furnish information as to the
places where the eggs can be procured,
how the worm should be bred, the co
coons stifled and packed, and the
best market for the same. In short
all needed information on the subject.
As to the second question, we know
of nothing to prevent the silk worm
from being bred successfully in Colum
bia county, Florida, and indeed through
out that entire section of country. They
can be successfully produced wherever
the mulberry or the osage orange
flourish, and we believe these tree 3 grow
with little difficulty throughout that sec
tion. As further proof, however, that
the worms can be bred there, we have
on our table now a small box containing
twenty-six live cocoons, raised
this spring by Mr. John Stark,
of Thomasville, proprietor of the
Piuey Woods Vineyard at that place,
which cocoons are packed away in their
own silk as securely as if in cotton, and
will produce the moth'in a week or two
to lay eggs for the next year’s brood.
Thus Mr. Stark, who has devoted some
time to the culture of the silk worm,
furnishes practical proof of the adapta
bility ot the climate of his section for
the production of the worms and cocoons,
and our Florida correspondent mighF
doubtless obtain from him much of the
information he desires. Certainly if the
worm does well in Thomasville it ought
to do well in Columbia county, Florida.
We are very glad to see that the arti
cles which have appeared in the News
on this subject are exciting so much in- ‘
terest therein, and hope that the result
will be of great benefit to our farmer
friends. Thousands upon thousands of
dollars are annually sent abroad for thr
purchase of silk, and there is no reason
why this money should not be kept in
the country, and a large proportion of it
brought to the South to add to her fu
ture wealth. Experiments in silk
culture could easily be made
anywhere by our ' farmers, and
their wives and daughters, at little :
cost. Indeed such experiments might
be conducted at first as pleasant pas
time, and then, if found profitable,
might easily be extended. There is no!
reason either why they should not prove
profitable, for there is no danger of the
market being overstocked. Silk is an
elegant and durable article of dress,
if it can be brought within the
all, every lady in the country w«H r
chase it. If not mil lions,there a»wH|
believe, at least thousands iEpjgf
and those thousands
just that
. : f-, • JPM
tr : , the •efore, these experiinen^will
j* V-ely made, and that abunda«suc
ill >e realized.
===M
hays he St. Louis Republican: “Imbl
it mean nothing that while the
merits of grain from the port of NeW
York'during the month cf April were
very nearly a quarter less than during
the corresponding month of 1880, the'
shipment. 1 / from the port of—Msw Qm:
leans were almost double what them
were a year ago? New York may deiti:™
itself with the idea that this is a
temporary spurt, a matter of chance,
but it will have to open its eyes in time.
The down river movement is no lon ge|
an experiment, but the current of fjjPqgi
that way is quite as firmly established
now as the current of water.”
Under the heading Crime North-uni.
South,” the Norfolk Virginian says:
“The New York Times of last Saturday
has an editorial upon crime in the South
and on the freedom the North enjoys!
from that evil, in the face, too, of the -
fact that on the next page there was a
blood-curdling account of the shooting
of two women in that city, one by her
brother and the other by her husband.
Such accounts are of daily occurrence at
the North, yet if a murder once a months
takes place in all the South, the atten
tion of the world is called to its criminal
acts. Comment is unnecessary.”
The "courtesy of the Senate,” of
which we hear so much just now, means
simply that no Senator shall vote for any
nomination by the President for any
office in any State unless such nomina
tion shall meet the approval of the Sena
tors from that State. If this doctrine is
to prevail, the President might at once
yield up his constitutional right to make
nominations, and turn the whole matter
over to the Senate, to he fixed up as the
members of that body shall determine,
for, under the “courtesy” rule, the Chief
Executive becomes a figure
head.
It is claimed by Mrs. Washington, of
Westmoreland county, Virginia, a de
scendant of George Washington, that
the spot selected by ex-Secretary Evarts
for the monument to mark Washington’s
birthplace is not the proper locality; that
she knows the exact spot where the old
house in which Washington was born
stood, and it is some distance from the
point selected for the monument.
It is now a settled fact that the Mis
souri Pacific Road will be rapidly ex
tended southward to Galveston, and will
probably make a connection with the
Palmer and Sullivan system at Corpus
Christ!, Texas. The general activity in
Southern railway circles bodes well for
the future prosperity of the South. It
proves that this country is attracting
capital.
Lord Eeaconsfieid died a poor man,
and his heir, Ralph Disraeli, will find
little profit in his legacy for years to
come. There is a mortgage upon the
Hughendcn estate.
The United States Government has pre
sented two gold medals to the chiefs of
Indian tribes on Vancouver Island who
succored the crew of a wrecked Amer
ican vessel last summer.
Grain Shipments in April.
A dispatch from New York on the
above subject states that the month of
April was one of unusual quietness in
the shipment of grain from that port.
The great decrease in the exports is at
tributed to the scarcity of grain. The
universal cry of shippers, merchants,
brokers and all connected with the ship
ments of cereals is, “Plenty of vessels,
but nothing to ship.” Much dissatisfac
tion and disappointment are expressed
at this state of the market, as it was
confidently predicted that the past month
of April would be one of extraordinary
activity in the grain trade for export.
The total amount of grain shipped dur
ing the past month was 6,700,082 bush
els, showing a falling off from the cor
responding month of last year of nearly
1,500,000 bushels. During the month of
April, 1881, the services in whole or in
part were required of 172 vessels of all
denominations, the greater portion of
which were steamers —121. During the
month of April, 1880, 235 vessels were
employed in carrying grain to Europe,
which amounted to 8,257,140 bushels.
A remarkable feature in the ship
ments of grain to Europe is the grow
ing preponderance of grain-carrying
steamers. Out of a total of 172 vessels
employed in April to carry grain, over
70 per cent, were steamers. During the
corresponding month of last year, out
of 235 vessels employed in the carrying
of grain to Europe, the percentum of
steamers was 42 per cent. It is pre
dicted that in a short time all sailing
vessels will be driven from this port to
seek a market elsewhere. All connected
with the grain trade are anxiously
awaiting the opening of the canals to
bring grain to this port in such quan
tities as to reduce the price and enable
shippers to load the large number of
vessels now in port waiting for a cargo.
It is predicted that, as soon as the large
fleet of canal boats frozen in the canal
during transit last fall reach New York
■gbbut the 20th inst., the shipments will
become very active and prices he much
lower.
Georgia Schools.
We made an extract yesterday from
the report of the President of the Trus
of the Peabody Educational Fund,
at their nineteenth meeting, in
Washington, February 2, 1881, to show
the interest taken in educational matters
the South, and as an effective reply to
the slanders against our section in that
lenpcct recently uttered by Mr. Frye, of
Maine. The report, however, is exceed
ingly interesting to the Southern people
in other respects, and, among other
things contained therein, the following
is of special interest to Georgians:
I. “The establishment of model schools
has a great influence on other places.
! Iyjs surprising how much more people
i ar<Tit?fluenced by example than by ab
"striJcV reasoning. There is already ap
parent a healthful rivalry among the
towns of Georgia, where 1 have done
most. Other towns in that, and in the
adjoining States, are beginning to ask
me tef come and do the same thing for
them. The people desire to draw emi
grants to help them build up their
-broken fortunes, and they begin to know
the influence of schools in attracting the
best kind of population. ”
Commenting on the above extract, the
New Orleans Times well says: “Quit.i
as startling as any of these declaration#
|Vbf them true in
the prompt and vigorous application in
the State of Georgia of a liberal and
comprehensive system of public educa
tion. A good deal more than the ‘healthful
rivalry’ in the matter of education,
alluded to above, is apparent in that
progressive State. The situation is gen
erally healthful. The people of Georgia
are by far the most progressive
community in the South. With
poorer lands and poorer facilities
than some of the other Southern States
possess Georgia unquestionably surpass
es all of them in life, energy and pro
gress. The State is emphatically “re
constructed” —from within outward, in
stead of from without inward. It yet
remains for the other Southern States to
imitate Georgia in putting off the old
eia and putting on the new—in getting
out of .he ruts and so inviting that in
-Arov of population and capital which is
now doing’ so much to build up that great
Sto.
BF Tea Culture i:i Georgia.
™Tca culture in Georgia is, at last, an as
sured success. By reference to our
telegraphic columns this morning, it will
be seen that a number of representatives
of the leading tea houses in New York
met together on Saturday and sampled
.several specimens of tea grown
in Liberty county, this State,
under the supervision of United
States Agricultural Commissioner Le
Due. The tea was drawn and, upon be
ing tasted, was pronounced equal to the
finest Indian tea, while the opinion
unanimously expressed was that the
quality could, with cultivation and ex
perience, he materially improved.
This offers a new and valuable indus
try to Georgia. With tea culture brought
to perfection in the Siate an avenue of
great wealth will he opened up to our
people, for since thousands of tea drink
ers would infinitely prefer what they
knew to be a pure article to the adulter
ated and much manipulated imported
teas, the demand would, at all times, be
fully equal to the supply.
Truly it seems that the resources of
the South are limitless. Apart from the
production of her great and valuable
staples, and the impetus which manufac
turing enterprises have received in our
midst, industries such as silk aud tea
culture promise in the near future to be
no mean factors in bringing us wealth,
prosperity and power in the country.
All that our people have to do is to im
prove their varied opportunities to the
utmost, and in a very few years we may
be able to offer substantial aid in the
development and progress of those less
favored regions which now speak so
sneeringly and tauntingly of the “pov
erty-stricken South.”
Lord Beaconsfield’s death places a
ministerial pension of £2,000 a year at
Mr. Gladstone’s disposal. The dead
statesman had received that sum annu
ally for thirteen years. Lord Cairns has
a pension of £5,000 as ex-Chancellor, as
also has Lord Hatherly; Earl Cowley of
£1,700 for his diplomatic services; so has
Lords Napier and Ettrick, and Viscount
Eversley; Mr. Shaw-Lefevre of £4,000
as an ex-Speaker. Ia the House of Com
mons Mr. Villiers enjoys two pensions,
one of £750 and one of £1,200, and Mr.
Spencer Walpole has au ex-Minister’s
pension of £2,000.
The Democratic Opportunity.
Never in the history of the party have
the Democrats in the United States Sen
ate had a better opportunity than the
present—to use a homely expression—to
“make their Jack.” The fight in the
Radical ranks, which has already virtu
ally begun, promises, from the outlook
now, to he hard and hitter. Mr. Conk
ling has expressed a determination to an
tagonize the administration in the matter
of the Robertson nomination at any cost,
and without regard to results, while,
on the other hand, the President has al
ready boldly flung the gage of battle in
the face of tbe Conkling faction, by not
only refusing to withdraw the name
of Judge Robertson, but also by with
drawing all the nominations of Conk
ling’s friends which he had previously
made. Thus the issue is joined, aud the
struggle has begun.
The Democrats can use this rupture to
their advantage in two ways. First.
They can look on complacently, and
hold the balance of power between the
two warring factions, and so, to a great
extent, control nominations and confirm
ations. If they adopt this plan they
must do so solely as partisans, and seek
only to strengthen the Democratic party
in the country. They can, in this case,
watch the battle from afar, feeling that
if Garfield kill Conkling, or Conkling
kill Garfield, or each do kill the other,
every way makes their'gain.
The second plan left open for the
Democrats to pursue, to their advantage
at this juncture, is to array themselves
iu mass against the stalwarts under the
leadership of Conkling, and declare in
favor of the administration. To adopt
this in preference to the other plan,
would, it Seems to us, be by far the
wiser and more patriotic course. By
holding aloof from the struggle and pre
serving to themselves the balance of
power in the Senate, Democratic Sena
tors will be masters of the situation, it
is true, but that would, perhaps, only be
a temporary, and certainly would he
only a partisan advantage, They
would still retain the enmity
of both the opposing Republican
factions, and, ia this way, would furnish
a common bond of union between those
factions after the struggle is decided, for
Republicans are noted for quarrelling
among themselves with great bitterness,
but for settling their disputes, and work
ing together harmoniously on all impor
tant occasions. If therefore the Demo
crats adopt the first plan mentioned
herein, in the next national contest the
the parties will be arrayed solidly against
each other, and the struggle will be as
heretofore, simply one between the old
Republican and the old Democratic or
ganizations. Should they determine
to support the administration in its
present contests, however, they would
secure to the country, and to their
party, permanent and substantial ben
efits, The President could not help
from recognizing the valuable service
which they would do him in the fight
with the stalwarts of his party, and, at
the very least, would be Inclined to feel
kindly towards the Democratic party
of the Union. This would, in all
probability, secure conservatism to
the country during his admiuistra
tion, and the result would, most
likely, be a i reaking up of the “solid
nNWBIHLe
which at p. exists throughout the
couuhy, and which is so greatly de
plored, and the total discomfiture of the
stalwarts who do so much to promote
this feeling. In a word, it would tend to
make Mr. Garfield more determined
than ever to he President of the whole
country, and so the blessings of conser
vaatism would be everywhere felt and
enjoyed. Indeed the end might be
that a grand conservative party would
be formed against the stalwarts, which
in 1884 would sweep down all opposi
tion.
The Democrats can take this stand
with perfect consistency. Mr. Garfield
has done some things since his inaugura
tion which, of course, caunot meet Demo
cratic approbation. Notably among
these are his encouragement of the Ma
hone repudiationists, and the nomina
tions of Stanley Matthews and William E.
Chandler. He has, however, done many
other acts of which the Democratic par
ty and the whole country can, and do,
most cordially approve. He is making a
meritorious investigation into the star
route frauds, aud promises to thorough
ly expose and eradicate the swindle, root
aud branch, while his determined fight
against the insolent demands of the stal
wart sectionalists is worthy of all com
mendation and encouragement. Surely
the Democracy can do no greater service
to the country and themselves than to
hold up his hands in both these matters,
especially as the end may be the extinc
tion of deplorable sectionalism, and the
establishment of wise aud healthy con
servatism in the land. To bring this
about is alone an object worthy the am
bition of any party. We feel sure the
great majority of the Democratic Sena
tors, should there be presented any like
lihood of this hope being realized, will
lose sight of all lesser matters and bend
every energy towards its accomplish
ment.
The proposed World’s Fair, to beheld
in New York in 1883, is not meeting suf
ficient encouragement from the New
York people, and there is increased dan
ger, now, that the project will fall to
pieces. At a meeting of tbe Executive
Committee, recently, no quorum was
present, and nothing was done. The
Hartford Times thinks that if the matter
is allowed to drag along the projectors
might as well give it up as a failure, but,
nevertheless, in the event of a failure,
the New Yorkers can fall back on the
obelisk.
The first telephone was finished Jan
uary 15th, 1876. During the succeeding
five years the wonderful little instru
ment has come into daily use in all civil
ized countries, as well as in Egypt,
China, and other places not usually in
cluded in the term civilized. Only one
city in the United States is now without
a telephone exchange. There are 408
cf such exchanges, and 132,692 instru
ments in use in the country. Speech
was recently transmitted from Tours to
Brest, a distance of 800 miles.
Miss Mildred Lee was recently pre
sented by the citizens of Concordia par
ish, Louisiana, with a beautiful bouquet
of flowers “as a token of respect to the
daughter of the illustrious Robert E.
Lee, whose name and fame will live in
the hearts of his countrvmen.”
THE GEORGIA RAILROAD.
TILE STOCKHOLDERS’ CONVEN
TION YESTERDAY.
Tlie Lease to tlie Central Formally
Kattllcd—President PhliiSzy’s Re
port—The Reasons lor the Lease
Set Forth—The Dividends to be
Paid on the Stock.
Augusta, May XI. —The stockholders of
the Georgia Railroad, at their annual con
vention to-day, unanimously ratified the
lease of the road to Mr. Wm. M. Wadley
alone, although it Is understood that the
Louisville and Nashville and the Central
Loads and prominent railroad magnates in
dorse and share in the lease of the Georgia.
The directors were instructed to pay $3 50
dividend on the 15th of July and $3 50 in
October, after which $2 50 per share will be
paid quarterly.
This lease is all important to the Central,
and secures to Savannah a direct line to the
West, thereby making her ihe South Atlan
tic outlet for Western business through
Georgia. President Phinizy was re-elected,
and Mr. Ferdinand Phinizy takes the place
of Mr. George Jackson on the Board of Di
rectors. The reports of the officers of the
road were read and adopted.
Georgia and Central stGcks are in de
mand. General Alexander says Georgia is
worth 180. He leaves to-morrow for New
York. A combination of the Memphis and
Charleston and the East Tenncsse, Virginia
and Georgia Roads is rumored. The stocks
of all are strong.
At the above mentioned convention of
stockholders of the Georgia roads, the re
port of President Phinizy stated as follows:
A comparison with the business of the
previous year shows an increase in gross
earnings of $200,410 28, and in expenditures
of $188,993 58. The increase lu expendi
tures is largely due to the improvement in
equipment. During the year we have built
in our shops 170 freight cars, purchased 6
conductor’s cars, 2 sleeping cars, paid for 4
passenger coaches, and purchased 3 new
freight locomotives of large capacity.
There has been expended in the ex
tension of the elevator building,
machine shop and car shop, $22,583 52. The
large increase in the volume of tonnage has
also necessitated the movement of a larger
number of trains, thereby adding materially
to our expenses. At the same time the
revenue has not increase Jn proportion to
the freight. The mile tonnage for the
year W3B 49,961,644 tons as against
37,085,356 tons for the preceding
year, an increase of 12,876,288 tons, 34 72 100
per cent., while the revenue from this
source shows an increase of only 16 50 100
per cent. The average rate of carrying
freight was 2 13 100 cents per ton per mile,
and for the previous year 2 46 100 cents.
This is due principally to a reduction in
rates by the Commission, and partly to the
low rates at which competition forced us to
haul through freight. The direction has
submitted to the Commission, neither for
the reason that the Commission has not in
jured us, nor because the company had
no alternative but to submit, but be
cause it was believed that reflec
tion, observation and experience would
soon convince the Legislature and the-peo
ple that it was a mistake to attempt to au
thorize such great interference with railroad
property, and that important modifications
of the lav/ might be hoped for at an early
day. The direction believe lhat certain
irrepealable provisions of our charter in
reference to freight and passenger tariff can
be invoked for our protection whenever the
mandates of the Commission become in
tolerable. Notwithstanding the reduction
in rates the prospects of the company are
encouraging. The business is constantly
increasing, and with the completion of the
improvements now in progress fexpenses
will be materially lessened.
President Phinizy, in explanation of the
reasons that necessitated the lease to the
Central Railroad, also submitted the follow
ing.
SUPPLEMENTAL REPORT.
To the Stockholdere of the Georgia Railroad
and Banking Company:
It Is not many years since the maxims of
commerce, applied to railroads, kept them
disconnected with each other. Whenever
two rc£O|oo|M|£d a WiriiWpk '■ ’ ,v i lil> ‘ ctyn
merelal iiHerSajfff it
then conceived, required a break in the line
of transportation.
The first step in thevfievelopment of rail
road business was to close such gaps, by
making actual physical connection of dif
ferent roads, while their respective manage
ments still remained distinct, and might be
unfriendly. The next step was agreements
between roads, physically connected but
legally distinct, for through transpor
tation and ratable division of
freight. The latest phase of development
is the union under one head of both
rails and management of several ormanydif
ferent*roads taking up the commerce of ex
tensive areas of territory. Without, per
haps, the conscious recognition of the fact
by the workers themselves, this stage of de
velopment has wrought out in commerce
the analogy of a great river in nature, gath
ering up in its main channel, and through
the branches which flow into it on its right
and left, all the waters of some vast basin
and its surrounding hills and mountains,
and discharging them at its mouth into the
expectant ocean.
This phase of development is going on
now with tremendous energy. All condi
tions of railroad situation are made to yield
to it. It Is the inevitable result of the strug
gle of the enormous volume of freight pass
ing between the remote parts of a vast
country. In order to handle it alljsuccess
fully, such arrangements must be made as
to render its flow free and unobstructed,
rapid and smooth. This effort to form un
broken lines of great 'ength and reach,
while it seems to be in the natural and
proper direction of railroad development,
appears also to be irresistible. Any single
road necessary for the accomplishment of
such a scheme is sure to be acquired for it.
Any single road which might thwart or
obstruct the genera! scheme" is sure to be
strangled.
Two methods for acquiring particular
roads for such general schemes are prac
ticed. Either, on the one hand, to purchase
or lease the road; or, on the other hand,
to buy up a controlling Interest in its capital
stock. When the purchase or lease method
is adopted, the road to be affected has a
voice in the transaction; it is bought or
leased upon its own terms and with such
stipulations as are intended to protect its
owners. Where the control of the desired
road is obtained by a purchase of its stock,
the company, the corporation, is Ignored,
and there is no protection provided for
its stockholders. In this way stockholders
other than those in the combination, might
find their road operated in the interest of a
combination alien to their interests.
In this connection it is proper to remark
that it would not be necessary in any given
instance to buy up a majority of the stock
of a corporation in order to obtain practical
control of Its corporate affairs. The con
centration of two-fifths of the stock in any
one hand would doubtless control the action
of any meeting of stockholders which it
might be practicable to hold.
The Georgia Railroad has been in great
peril of this latter fate for some time'. A
most important and valuable link in the
movement of freight between the North
west aud the Southeast, its control has been
much coveted. Could it have secured its
independence for ail time, or for an indefi
nite period, it might have been well for it
to maintain its independent position; but its
independence was greatly imperilled in the
manner above indicated. Indeed, there is
reason to believe that the process of buying
up its stock, for the purpose of controlling
the company's action, had at one time be
gun in earnest. Had it succeeded, one
half, perhaps three-fifths, of the stock
would have been at the mercy of the other
half or two fifths, concentrated and con
trolled in a foreign interest.
The consciousness of this peril to the
stockholders, as well as the opportunity of
making a mo6t advantageous arrangement
for the present and future generations of
stockholders, has induced the directors, iD
whom reside the powers of the corporation
for that purpose, to lease, for the peried of
ninety-nine years from April 1, 1881, the
corporation’s privileges and means of trans
portation, and to transfer to the lessees the
control and enjoyment of the corporation’s
other property for the same period.
The Instrument of lease is too voluminous
to be inserted in this report, hut it will be
duly spread upon the proper public records,
and subject to examination by all interested
in It. In the meanwhile, it Is perhaps well
to state In general terms its main provisions.
The term for which the lease is made Is
ninety-nine years from April 1, 1881.
The annual rental stipulated is $600,000,
payable in two equal semi-annual Install
ments.
The privilege of using the Georgia Rail
road and its branches and our Interest in
the Western Railroad of Alabama, and all
our rolling stock, is granted by the lease.
The right to collect the income of our
stock in the Atlanta and West Point Rail-
road, in the Rome Railroad; and in the Port
Royal and Augusta Railway, and to vote
those stocks is granted to the lessees,
ihe title to all the property remains in
the Georgia Railroad and Banking Compa
ny. Besides the rental, the lessees pay air
taxes except the charter tax on net income,
and pay also the interest on the Western
Railroad of Alabama bonds.
The lessees are to keep and return the
property in first class condition.
l e . 8 ®f e s Indemnify the company
against all claims for damages on account
of the use of company’s railroad. The les
sees deposit $1,000,000 of bonds in value as
security for the performance of their under
taking, which deposit is not to be dimin
isned in amount, or Impaired in value
Besides other remedies and redress, the
company reserves the right to retake pos
session of its property on the breach of any
of the stipulations of the lease.
The company is to pay the principal and
interest or all Its bonds, except the interest
of the bonds of the Western Railroad of
Alabama.
The company retains for its own use its
building, privileges and business,
while the Board of Directors conceive that
their first dtrty is to the stockholders, and
that they would have reason to be satisfied,
if the arrangement which they have made,
redounds, as they believe it does, greatly to
the interest of the stockholders, still
they have the additional gratifi
cation of feeling that the arrange
ment is most fortunate for the cities,
towns, villages, and rural districts affected
by the Georgia Railroad; It has, in the
opinion of the directors, both removed the
danger of having the traffic of the West
and Northwest with the outer world di
verted from this region to At’antic ports
north of Georgia and Carolina, and has also
insured a greater volume of that traffic in
this direction, for the parties to whom the
lease has been made are deeply interested in
conducting that traffic through the port of
Charleston..
Only the future can determitfe whether
this latter view of the advantages of the
arrangement to this part of the country be
correct, but the present, the very present,
demonstrates the advantages of the arrange
ment for the stockholders themselves. To
day, under the impulse of the lease, the
stock is higher than it has ever been in the
history of the company or in the anticipa
tions of the stockholders.
The directors are so well assured of the
soundness and advantages of the situation,
and that the annual rental, together with
the proGts of the banking department, will
enable the company to meet the interest of
the company’s bonds and provide a sinking
fund for the extinguishment of the princi
pal, and leave a sum sufficient to pay from
the present moment annual dividends of 10
per centum per annum, to be increased in "
the future as the bonded debt is paid off,-
that they declare it to be in their opinion
the true policy from this time forward to
nay its stockholders quarterly dividends of
per cent.
Appeuded herewith is a statement of our
income and liabilities under the lease:
Rental $600,000
Interest bond Port Royal Com
press Company 2,000
Estimated not profit of baDk,
after paying expense and taxes 25,000—627,000
The bonded debt, deducting $24,-
000 maturing July 3, 1831, •
which we propose to pay, will
be $2,598,000, upon which the
annual interest will be 161,860
Dividends to stockholders 10 per
cent, per annum 420,000—581,860
Balance for sinking fund $15,140
Respectfully submitted for the board.
U. H. Phinizv, President.
May 5,1881.
new York's lost’ trade.
Action of the Hoard of-Trqde and
Transportation in the Matter—
Railway Legislation Relied on to
Change the Natural Channels of
Commerce With the West.
New York, May 11.—The Board of Trade
and Transportation tc-day adopted a report
submitted by the Committee on Legislation
showing the rapid increase of exports from
New Orleans, and a corresponding decline
of the same articles from New York. The
report says port is to-day full cf
shipping, ibep greater part of which
are grain vessels, .at present
unable to obtain cargoes, wbtle
at New Orleans (here are more loaditg for
European ports than are. loading trer'e, and
that steamships and sailing vessels are now ■
almost, da ]y leaving this port, in ballast for
New o, v-ans to obtain cargoes ttwxe.
SMisejQ.? this, ueciares, is
found in the nigh railroad rates kept dp bv
flip pooling system.
The i—moiittee sty that the present rail
road policy, if persisted in, will result in a
permrnent decline of the commercial su
premacy of this port, and recommends the
enactment of h law prohibiting the pooling
and charging of a greater rate for a short
haul than for a long haul.
To that the committee say that an organ
ized movement shtuid be instituted among
the business men of tb s State, without dis
tinction of party, t* secure nominations for
the next Legislature of representatives of
tho people, both in the Assembly and Sen
ate, and thwart the renomination of those
Senators who at present represent oniy-Ahe
monopolizing interests of their corpcr&tlmh*
Copies of tliis report were ordered to baJA
sent to the members of the L= gislature, and '
the Chairman was authorized to appoint a
committee to take into consideration the
suggestion contained In the. last?clause of
the report, and draft a plan of action in ac
cordance with it.
‘.STONEWALLIS’’ GREATNESS.
Remarks of Mon. Jifferson Davis at
Metairie CeuieCery, New Orleans.
New Orleans, May 11. —At the conclu
sion of the ceremonies attending the dedi- *
cation of the tomb of the Association of
the Army of Northern Virginia and the un
veiling of the statue of Stonewall
Jackson yesterday afternoon, at Mala
ria Cemetery, Hon. Jefferson Davis,
after complimenting General L-e’s address
and congratulating the association on the
completion of their tomb and monument,
referring to General Jackson said: “From
the academic shades of the Military Insti
tute he went forth to battle for the cause of
State’s rights, self government and consti
tutional liberty. Nobody expected that
this quiet professor would have an opportu
nity to show the great qualities he possess
ed, and become the great hero of our wafr.
“To-day he stands, in the opinion of
Europeans, so far as I know it, the mightiest
chieftan of the Confederate cause. This •
silent professor constantly rose like a
meteor over the battlefields of .the Confed
eracy. Only like a meteor in its brightness,
for his light was steady as the orb of day.
It shone to the very ckise, increasing In
brilliancy, and in the trust which the people
reposed upon it. Such was Jackson. He
lived for his country, never doubting the
justice of his cause, believing it was right
eous aud trusting in it.
“He died, as I live to-day, feeling that the
Confederacy ought to Dave succeeded, be
cause it was founded on truth and justice.
He gave his life for the whole country, and
the country gave its heart to Jackson. You,
the men upon whom he leaned fn the hour
of danger, in honoring him, also honor
yourselves.”
Texas Murderers Sentenced.
Galveston, May 11.—A special from
Wills’ Point, Texas, says: “In the case of •
the State vs. Tiel, the jury rendered a ver
dict of guilty of murder in the second de
gree. The punishment is Imprisonment in
the penitentiary for thirty years. In the
case of the State vs. White, the verdict was
guilty of murder in the first degree, and the
prisoner was sentenced to be hanged. After
the verdict was rendered, White made a
statement denying his guiit, but In the lat
ter portion of his speech he virtually con
fessed the crime. He was charged with
killing a peddler near here several yearp
ago. A motion for a new trial was overruled,
and an appeal will be taken to the District
Court.”
The Insurance Union.
Cincinnati, Ohio, May 11.—The Insur
ance Union, an association composed of the
managers of the leading insurance compa
nies of the United States, closed their ses
sion here to night. It is said that the com
panies represented have a capital of $55,000,-
000. Tho discussions indicated'a tendency
to an increase in rates, and especially to a
revision of the classification of risks. The
deliberations were secret.
The Greek Frontier.
Constantinople, May 11.—It is stated
that Germany has sounded the other powers
upon the expediency of a common engage
ment between them to secure a prompt
transfer of the ceded territory to Greece la
erder to prevent the Greek revolutionary
party frsm gaining ground.
Trlckeit Coming to America.
London, May 11.—Edward Trickett, the
oarsman, of Sydney, N. 8. W., writes to the
Sportsman, saying he will leave for the
United States In a few days, and will take
up his quarters at Saratoga.