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w, y r w i * tD\nwm\c\e ftnA liaxeUe. F.DITED JOSEPH VALLBNCE EEVAN. rUBUSHin twill Monday $ 'Thursday. AT FIV HOU£'ltft P*n TAXABLE IE AHVANCS.-COUnTRT FAPKB, ONCE A WEEK, TRHtr. DULLAHS PET. ANNUM, 1-ATADLI AISO IN ADVANTE, & Curiosity. [Few persons oil * hi* side of tlie Atlan tic, wo.id be inclined to suspect Wiuiam Godwin, the author of Political Justice, mid Cal’6 JVitltanu, of ever having writ, ten poetry —The fact is so however, and we Select the f.Rowing specimens trom a Trtgedy written by him, and published and acted in London during the Antonio Helena 1 I have heard that thou art mar ried. HELENA. oi» brother i lov’d Antonio!- aVtomo Talk not to me ! Thou art tny hatie ■tiul sorrow. My cup of missel} thou hast crown'd Even to the brim. —1 had aaisier. My piide, my giory, sourer ot all my joy/ Thou wert the demist thing 1 knew o. t arth. Rodrigo held the second place. He held it, for his fate was twin’d with thine; And, whensoe’er I saw that gallant mor tal, I said, There moves my Helen’s destin’d husband! nr. lev a Antonio, onm; knees—! 4 N TONIO i 'Pi eventing her J Helen, forbear !— Helen, I mint Sneak out tl.iv words, that thou art bound to hear.-—— Hast thou lot got the deep and awful vow, A vow, that angels heard, and God re corded. By which thou wert engag’d Rodrigo’s wife? HELENA I do remember. ANTONIO Host tlion reca) to mind the solemn hour, ■When our great father yielded his lust bieoth? His children stood assembled round his couch. On thee he call’d Willi, faltering accents and imperfect speich. Then took toy hand, and plac’d it in Ro dilgo'n Hr blc-s’d you both lie dictated the oath In which toon stund’st; while, kneeling. With eyes uplift to heaven,and tear-sud n'tl cheeks, Thou gav’st thy pledge ■ Almanza heard thee, how’d Hast thou forgot he death-bed of my fa ther? HELENA Havel forgot ?—lmperishable image ! ANTONIO This «as.. marriage; ihuu wert Rodri go’s woe. Where ever was a contract, seal’d with such ■ Solemnity, in every circumstance So venerable, so binding ? Adul tress! HELENA My brother! There arc persons, Who, if they had bespoke me thus in sultingly. I would disdain to answer. There are too, V n I reirard with distant worship, To when) I’d justify my conduct. \V Hl* thee 1 can do neither. ••uat. - The wordi ANTONIO Presumptuous girl! Nut a step nearer!—No, not for thy life!— Atone thy guilt/ HELENA My dearest brother, brother of mi mind, My daily meditation, and my dream Each night! how 1 liavc long'd to sec thee! flow long’d to recollect with thee Our early childhood, To walk in the same groves, to sit be neath The sell-same shade; to point again to time The objects of remark that, in the days Os piattling'infancy, thou poiuted’sl out Tome! 1 have follow’d thee in all thy wanderings. Have counted o’er thy dangers; 1 have pass’d A thousand times beneath the very gate AVacre last we parted, hearing lnev*ry breeze the sound of thv farewel, Seeing in my rapt soul the las! adieu Thy hand cipress’d, the floating of thy robe —— ANTONIO This is too much! Yes, I have lov’d thee: I’d bate given my hand. My ey es, my life, to buy thy happiness. HUUNA. Call biuk old times, Antonio; be die thing. ANTONIO Bui tivUn, n «v«-p Wherefore did I love thee? ingenuous spin t f deem’d I found luihse; for the u.iblemish’d stock, from which I held thee sprung. If not, 1 might ag well have taken to my friend ship Some liihliug from the suburbs, Some wretch chdur’d and natural!* ’d in vice, Some creature, overgrown With blots, andfoul deformities; or worse, Defil’d with iiat> ■ u : !i eMC$ of soul, uj _ > i I feel my ver; rod.-; M vindication! ,■ ; t *r. Rut I l.now iliy stubauia t-jusuacy, Aid hope not to convince thee I had -♦ * ther Ui'-c thy forgiveness tha tby acquitted b> thee. Forgive loss springs from brotherhood, from blood, Prom lender ness of heart. Weep o’er Helen; t .... Reproach me, with » broken accen , wi A glistening eye; but bless me. a c Phv arms; bid me be happy: “V* Confirm and guard thy sister s liappmes . ASTOISXO I What is the world to me, if robb'd of ho , iiour ? , • No kindred, no affection can survive, < ’Tis the pure soul . Os love, the parent of entire devotion, , Without it man is heartless, brutish, ana A clod. This was my/nfaru creed; sin this j I’ll die HELENA Antonio, /. This is the very crisis "f m y story. My fate is in thr hands. I), ar brother, iJ<>l of my sou.! Will noth ing movethee? ■ Hast thou tliii heart to cast me oft for ever I ' ANTONIO Cast off thy paramour, thy Gusman! HELENA Oh, that the world should chance men into tyrants I With specious names of honour and pro l priety, Making each man the monarch of Ids fel low, Iliid-liea-u d. rigid,and inexorable! 1 Nothing was e’er more kind than thou hast been. Rut that is over now! The undesigning hlandness of thy youth Is rooted from thy breast; no more indul gence ; No more of those angelic, artless smiles, That spring from others’ pleasure, nor require A reason to be happy and be good! I ANTONtO TalkSj (boo of vindication ? • Dar’slthou assume the tone of innocence? This is -1 A guilt more dire than even thy foul of fence. » [Helena, ivho is na longer capable ofspeech, stietchet her arms towards him with a gesture of supplication.] No, Helen, no Our kindnesss is dissolv’d. From a degenerate sister 1 withdraw: 1 In this my native city, which I’ve not Beheld, since great Almanza’s obsequies, Henceforth I'll league me with one who onee adorn’d it And kindled fiist within me pure senti s ments Os sacred virtue Farewel, Thou once my sister ! now for ever se ver’d ! No more thy brother, view in me thy ii judge! [fcrif. t HELENA Antonio! oh, my brother! hear! yet s hear me! He is gone!—l have lost my brother ! lost!- t We now shall dwell within the walls Os one same city, and not see each other . i- My slumbers will no more be blest w ill) his Good-night! Ii Nor, in the morning, shall the thought of his d Kind salutation urge me from my chum be.-. .1 . He will avoid the house in which he hears I may be found; he’ll pass along a difier i cut street, Lest he should meet me; all Antonio’s friends - Will be instructed not to name my name, Lest he should shudder at the loathsome i- found This is 100 much! Ii ’Tis past; 'tis gone. 1 have nor fire, nor brother!— Oh! I- sinks on a couch, o**4 4044 ANTONIO What tidings? what intelligence ? I- HENHT : The king no sooner learn’d, that Hele i, na Was safelog’d beneath her husband’s roof Than thither he repair’d. Gusman, Having caught some broken hints of what it pass’d and Pedro, left the spot ab- The king and Helena remain’d together What then was her surprise, Whenl’edro spoke himself resolv’d to se- Sarate her loro’ lie had Left thee, he said, inflam’d with indigna tion c At his imputed treachery, nor had Repel I’d ihe loathsome charge, deter mi n’d, In deeds, not words, to seek His vindica tion. What follow’d next I know no‘t; but thus o much Is by his latest order vouch’d mid certain: Pedro has reconfirm’d their union, a.id Engag’d by every sacred vow to assert y Their cause ’gainst all opposers ANTONIO e Oh, yes, 1 knew ii well. My boding mind Assur’d me what must follow. I'hiy thus insult me, dastards !,as secure, , Defended by their million strength. ' REMIT t 'Tis base and cowaid-hke. They may defeat, But such defeat can ne’er disgrace then victim ANTONIO. Victim! Didst iliousay, victim ? Recall the woiti 1 lu bidding it. despair, they know not what : 1 hry do. Struck from the rub of living men, The absent ami the dead 611 all my I thoughts. With me they wunder forth, with me they fit; I see their faces, and I entertain I'heir spirii* in this disolaC bosom: I am not s» l, they comfort me; Siruek through with ail their shafts, I will Not weep. No, Henry, no! Henry. I am on the threshold o! an enterprise, Which fili;.l duty,-frienJsaip and religion Imperiously' prescribe. U, I should fall, 1 fall a martyr, Amlin ; A cause most glorious.—Leaveme to the cominerc Os my own thoughts. Farewel, Thou love v sci‘ ;1 of a spotless ftnek 1 W e are authorized to announce f’apt H. BERRY, a candidate for ihe Cilice of Slurifi for Richmond county at tae ensuing dec non. V , ‘&S* - '' —IWP— ■ —II »«—■■—■■■ ■ I !■■■■■ COMMUNICATED. Description of North America, ly Jeremy Beulham. After describing the situation cf the Turkish empire, like author proceeds;— Hut we can trace a picture more cheerful and not less instructive of the progress of Security and prosperity, its inseparable companion. North America presents a contrast the most striking between the two sta'cs <,f security and ii security. Sav age nature is fhese by the side of civilize.! nature. The interior of this immense ie gion offers nothing but a dreary solitude' impenetrable forests, ste>slc lands, stagnat w-aters, impure vapours, and venomous reptiles. Heboid the earth left to itself The tierce tribes Who wander ovei these deters without a fixed habitation, fllwaj e animated with the most implacable ennu He-, towards each other, never encounter but to attack, and never meet hut for mutual destruction. Tcrocidus beasts art less dangerous to man than, man him self. Hut upon the limits of these dreary solitudes, how different ar. -aspect strikes our view. We seem to embrace with one coop d’-reilt 'he empires of good and evil. The forests have given way to cultivated pla.ns. The mo,asses a'c dried Toe land fertilised, covered with meadows, the pas tinea withof domestic animais; tvithhabi lious wholesome and smiling; cities are bunt on regular plans; sqaeimre highways communicate between them; all thingsai. nouuce th.it men seeking the means of approach have ceased I o fear or dis icy each other; there ihe ports are filled with ships, .ccciving ali the productions ofil-e e»vh and serving for die exchange of -all riches A numerous people living upon thc.r laboi m pence and is abundance have succeeded to tribes of nun'ers, always placed between war and famine. Who worked these wonders? Who hasr(.-mo delled the fkce of tt- earth? Who inis giv en to man this dominion over earth, ter tilized, embellished and perfected his bcniflcciit genius !' securhy tt is seen l ily which has worked this great change. How rapid its opers'ious Scaroi ]> has it' been two centuries since William t’e’." landcd-upon these savage shores with a colony of tine conquerors, who did no; drfilc tii'.-ir estahlisnment by force, and who caused themselves to be resprclei.; only by actsofbencvolence and justice [COMMI’HICATION.] To the Editor of the Augusta Chronicle, Sin: The following is translated from Dumont’s edition of Benlham’s Treatise on Legislation. As it contains a more ex' tended and philosophic view cf the sub ject than I have elsewhere seen, I send it to you. If you think it worth publishing, it may be inserted in your paper; if not worth it, return it to the translator, or send it to the fire, at your option C. Offences against reputation, which have fa.sehood for their instrument, aie lube remedied by a It gal and public acquitta of the fact charged But there are others more dangerous—enmity has surer mea s to inflict deeper wounds to honor— it dees not conceal itself always under a coward'-y calumny; it attacks its enemy openly; ' but it docs not attack with violent means. which places the one hated in personal ' danger. Us end is, to humble a pro ceeding the less grievous in itself, and more grave in its consequences, than m doing more evil to the person, ami less to the honor. To make a man an object of contempt, it is necessary not to excite in his favor a sentiment or pity, which would produce a feeling of antipathy against his adversary. Hatred has exhausted all its refinements in this species of offences. It is necessary to oppose particular remedies which we have distinguished by the name of honorary satisfaction. Tt perceive this necessity, it behoves us to examine the nature and the tenden cy of these offences; the causes «t their weight, ami the remedies they have found at present in the custom of duets, and the imperfection of those remedies. These researches which are allied to all, which is vne most. ‘be. human heart, almost entirely neglected by (Wse have made the laws, are the primary foun dations of all good legislation, in regard to honor. In the actual stare of maimers among the most civilized nations, the ordinary, the natural effect of such offences, is io take away from the offended, a part more or less of his honor; that is to say, that he does not enjoy the, .saute portion of es teem among his equals. He lias lost a proportionable part of the pleasures, ot services of good offices of all kinds, which are the fruits of this esteem ; and he finds himself exposed to the most injurious con sequences of their contempt. But with regard to the evil itself, by far the great est part consists in the change which is made in the sentiments of men in gene ral. They ought to he considered as the most immediate authors. The deliuqcnt has not made more than a light wound, wnich, left to itself, would heal immedi ately. If is other men, who, by the poi son they have infused into it, have made the hurt dangerous, ami often incurable. -At the first view, the rigor of public opinion against an insulted individual, ap pears to be a most revolting injustice.— •V stronger o- more courageous man abu ses his superiority to maltreat, in a certain manner, him, who, from his feebleness, he ought to protect. AU the world, as by a simultaneous movement in the place of indignation against the oppressor, arran ges itself on his side, and inflicts upon -the victim of sarcasm and contempt, the pen ally of infamy, often inure bitter than death itself At a signal given by an un known, the public throws itself with ea gerness upon an innocent man that they may devour him as a ferocious mastiff to ‘ear a traveller, and mindingtmthing but the gesture ofits master, it is thus that •he w icked, to deliver an honest man to the tortures of disgrace, employs those* u ho are called men of the world, and ho in rab e men as the executioners oftheir tyranical injustice; and as the contempt which attaches itself to the injury is in proportion to the injury itself, this domi nion of evil doers becomes the more irre mediable, as abuse is the more atro cious. Whether this injury is merited or not, is what no one deigns to enquire— not only the insolent author triumphs, bin that every thing is done to gangrene and aggravate the wound. It is made a point of honor to bear devrn the victim—the in sult to which he has been subjected, se- it n&rates him from his equals— he is render- d cd impure in their eyes, and it acts as a t< social ex communication, such is the real evil. The ignominy with wl ich he is co ir vered, is much more the work cf other it men, than of ti e first offender. He has E done no more than to show the prey—it is o ■lnWe who tear it. He ordains the pun- ll ishment—they are the executioners. Fci o instance, one man thinks proper to spit is. h the face of another in public. What vrotihi c be this evil in itself? A drop of water s forgotten as soon as dried—but this drop >1 of water is changed into a corrosive poi- . c son, which shall embitter all his future v life. What lias worked this change?— Ii Pun,io opinion. Opinion whiclrdinribntes £ at its will, honor and shame. The cmei enemy well knew that this insuh would e l>e the forerunner and symbol if a torrent \ of contempt. A brute, a man vile in eve a ry respect, can ihua dishonor, at his Will, c the most virtnens man. He can thus fill i with chagrin and pain, the end of the most t honorable life Alas ! how does he attain < this most (evil power ? Me attains it by an t irresistahlc corruption to which he has ( subjugated the first and purest «ts iribu- * nals, that of popular opinion. As a con- i seqnei ic of this dcplomb'c prevarication, 1 11 eiti/itns individually depend for their I honor os the worst among them, and are t collectively at his comnnnds to -execute i Ins dc-CKts of prescription against each i one livpartlcular. 1 ; Such is the process by which this pr-pu- ‘ ho-opinion can be attacked, and these an-. | putatioiis will not he viffhout foundation. M>-n, admirers of force, are often guilty 1 of injustice towards thi weak-; but when : we examine to the bottom, the effects if offences oi-this kind, we shall perceive 1 that they produce an evil, independent of opinion, and that public sentiment, con ’ corning insullb received and borne with, ' is not in general so contrary to reason as ve should believe upon tin first blush, f s-.y in general, since we can find cases where | üblic opir ion is in justifiable. To ’ peiceive ad the evil which can result from these < {fences, ive ires' i.d.o away ull ie -ipe.dies—we must suppose that there are node. Under this supposition, these of ff, .ices can he repeated at will; an uulimi- J j Ucl career is opened to insolence The ' person insulted to-day, can he so to-mor row, and the next day, ami every day and very hour. Every new aflioitt facilitates another, and lenders a succession of out rages of the- same kind more probable.— Hut the notion of a corporal insult com prehends i. very offensive act a pei’aon can lie, without causing a durable physical evil. Every thing which produce s a sen t cation disagreeable unquiet, er sorrowful; , but th s : 6t, which would be hardly sen . sib;e, a it were unique by repetition, will b• one an intolerable grievance. I have read that a certain portion of water, lil t tinted drop by drop, and falling from a certain height upon the head bared and ’ shaved, is the most cruel tortures ever de t vised Oi/lla curat lupidem says the lalin j proverb. Tints, an individual, subjected by Ins n la five weakness to submit to such ■ exations, and deprived, as we havesup r piosed, of all legal protection, would be c reduced to a most unhappy situation.— Theie would r.f.ed nothing more to con s firm the most absolute despotism on die s one side, and the most absolute slavery on i -he o her: But be is not the slave of one y done—ln isofal, who may have the de ; sire to subject him—lie is the sport of t- ‘he hist comer, who, knowing his weak ii ness, desires to abuse it. lie is as a Ile - lot cf fcparla, dependant upon all the .1 world, always m fear and in suffering, a object of general scorn, and of a contempt i> not softened by the slightest Compassion, t In one word below, all slav. s, since the n evil of slavery, is a forced state, which is 1 pitied, b'.it Ins abasement has taken place s from the baseness of his character. These s little vexations these insults have for ano t then reason, a sort of pre-eminence of ty s runny over more violent injuries. Acts e of anger which suffice to takca.vay, at one blow, the enmity of the offender, and to s produce a sentiment of repentance, pre-' i- sents a term of suffering. But a humid r ating and malignant insult, far from ap il peasing the hate which produced it, seems e rather to aggravate it. It appears as the e forerunner of a series cf injuries the more Ii alarming, as they are indefinite. What , In s been said of corporal insult, may be a , , menaces, since the first have i- much e.l (hem weignt as tPeeau-obig- nets, d A crl>:U insuits are not altogether of the same character. They are a species of g vague defamation, the use of injurious r , terms, which have no determinate rigid -0 filiation, and which vary according to the e condition ot the persons concerning whom e they are employed. With regard to die - persons insulted; they testify that they a are worthy of public contempt, without t distinctly announcing by what act. ('he Ii probable evil is, the renewal of like re s proaches. It is to be io'hrcd that such a - profession of contempt, made publicly, t may invite other men to join in it. It is - thus in effect, an imitation to each to ren s der themselves willingly to die samepur • pose- The pride of the censurer elevates : itself at the expense of another. The t force of imitation, and the propensity to . believe nil strong assertions, give a weight - to these kinds of injuries. But it seems • that they owe the chief part of theii s weight to the oblivion of the law, anil to . the custom of duelling, by which the po ' pu.ar sanction has endeavored to supply - the silence of the laws. • ll is not astonishing that Legislators, - fearing to give too much importance to 1 these trifles, have left in an abandonment ; almost universal this portion of security. • The physical evil which measures stiff f ciently, naturally the importance of the ■ crime, is almost nothing, and the distant : consequences have escaped the inexperi ence ot those who made the laws Duel i ling offers i.s?lf to fill up this chasm; this is not the place to seek into the origin of • this custom, or to examine into the varia tions, and the apparent absurdities of this 1 custom*, it suffices, that the duel exists,— that it is a remedy, and serves as a rein to the enormities which wou.d result with Ii out it, from the negligence cf the laws. 1 his custom once established, and he boid the direct consequences:— Ihe first effect of the duel, is to put an end to a great part of the evil of the crime, that is the Shame which results from (he • usu ll ; the man insulted is no longer in a miserable condition, where his feebh- ; ness exposes him to the outrages of an insolent, and the contempt of all ; he is ] delivered from a state of continual fear.- 1 lu- stain w hich the affront has imprint- i eel upon h:s hon< r is effaced, and if the ! call has followed the insult, immediately, < this stain has not made any* impression, t t lias not Lad time lo fix itself; for the is lishonor is not to receive an insult, but c o submit to it. v The second effect of the duel, is to act t in the place of a penalty-, ami to oppose e itself to ihe re-productiuu of similar evils. Even new example is a new promulgation c ijf the penal laws of honor, and proclaims that a man cannot allow himself to these r offensive proceedings, without exposing v himself to the consequences of a private < combat, that is to the danger o( being ( subject, according to the event of the t duel to different degrees of pain, and t even lo death itself. Thus the brave man, I who in the silence of the law, exposes '• himself to punish an insult, adds to the ] genetal security in labouring tor himself. < Hut considered as a punishment, the du- < el is extremely defective; it is not a mode which can serve all the world. There, ' arc, numerous classes of persons, who cannot participate in the protection which it accords, such as women, children, old men;—the sick, and those who by default, of courage, cannot bring the ms- Ives to redeem their shame, at the price yf a danger so great—likewise by on absurd'- ty, worthy of its feudal origin; tire stipe riotir classes have not-admitted the lower to tb e-equality of the duel. ’l'he peasant, insulted by (he gentleman, cannot obtain ibis species of sai install in this case, effects less grave, but it is nevertheless an insult, tiud an evil v. Ith ( Ul remedy ; in these respects, the duel consdered as a pu-nistnnent is found inef ficacious. It is not always a punishment inasmuch as opinion attaches to it a recompense, which appears to many superior lo all rs dangers ; this rect rfipeuce, is the es teem which is attached to this proof of courage. The honor which is attached' to it, has more attractions than thealauger winch attends to it has clucks There was a time, w hen it belonged to the eba lacterofa gallant man to have, (ought one duel; —a glance of (he eye, inatten tion, a pi eh. re nco, a suspicion of rival ship, any 4 hing sufficed to men, who de sired nothing more than a pretext; and found themselves recompensed a thousand limes tor the dangers they bad incurred by obtaining the applat.se of the two sexes, lo w hum for different reasons, bra very was equally imposing;—in this re spect, the penally amalgamated with the reward lost its ttne character, as a punish ment, and in another manner became likewise inefficacious. Tffe duel considered ns a punishment, is likewise defective from its excess. It is true that it is often nothing,but may be' capital. Between these two extremes of all, or nothing, there is the intermediate grades of wounds, mutilation, or members maimed or lost. Jt is clear, that if we could chuse a satisfaction, we should give the preference to a penalty less uncertain, and less hazardous, which should never go as death, and should never he no thing. There is another singularity in the Jus tice, which appertain to the duel:—Costly, to the aggressor, it is not less so to the party injured. He cannot claim the right of punishing the offender; but by expos ing himself to the same penalty prepared for him, and at the same time with inani Test disadvantage, as the chance is na turally in favor cf him, who can,chuse his man before exposing himself; lints the penally is often expensive, and badly placed Another inconvenience of this Jurispru dence of the duel, is, that it aggravalt s the evil of the offence every time that vengeance is not claimed, unless there be a known impossibility. The man insulted, refuses to recur toil; behold him forced to disclose two capital defects: want of courage and want of honor; want of that virtue which protects society, and without which, it cannot maintain itself, and want of sensibility lo the love of re putation, one of the great basis of lito rals. The person insulted, then finds him self in a wosre situation if this law of du elling did not exist. When he refuses this sad remedy, it changes for him into a prison. If in certann cases of duel, it is not as inefficacious as it appears to be, it is only because an innocent man exposes himself to a penalty, which is consequently badly directed; this is the case were persons, who by reason of some infirmity' of sex, age, or health cannot employ this means in defence. They have no other icsource of tills state of individual feebleness, than that chance should afford them e ppotee. tor, who has both the power and the will to stand in their plaee, and combat for them. It is thus a husband, brother, or lovercan take upon themselves an injury done to a wife, a sister, or a mistress. In this case the duel is efficacious as a pro tection, but is only by compromising the security of a third person, who finds him self charged with a quarrel apart from himself, and over which he could not ex ert the smallest influence. It is certain that considering the duel as a branch of Penal Jurisprudence, it is both absurd and monstrous; but absurd an monstrous as it is, it cannot be denied that it accomplishes fully its principal ob ject. It effaces entirely the stain which the insult has imprinted upon the honor Vulgar moialisls, by Condemning - this ge neral opinion, only confirm Dial such is the fact; but he this result justifiable or not, is no matter; it exists & has its cause. Ills cssenti: 1 to the Legislator to discover it. A phenomenon so interesting, ought not to remain unknown. The insulted, we have said, causes him, who is the ob ject of it lo appear debased by his feeble aess or by the baseness; always placed between an insult or a reproach, he can no longer walk with an equal step among o ther men, or pretend to the same respect. But after this insult, I present myself to my adversary, and consent to risk in a combat my life against his. If 1 die, 1 am freed from public contempt, and from the insolent domination of my enemy; if he dies, behold me free and the g-uilty punished ; if he is but wounded, it is a sufficient lesson for him and for others who might be tempted to imitate him; am I wounded myself,or is neither the onc er the other hurt ? the combat is still not, useless It produces its effect; my ene my perceives he cannot reiterate his in sults, but al the peril of his life. lam not a passive bging, whom he" can outrage with impunity; my courage protects roe as much as the Jaw would, if it punished these offences with a capital or painful punishment But when this mode of satisfaction is open to me; if 1 endure an insult patient ly,! render myself contemptible in the eyes of the public, since such conduct discloses a fund of timidity ik cowardice, & A is one of the greatest impel fictions in V .. character of a man. A Poit lu oii l,, sa i ways been an object of contempt, w this want of courage, ought it to he das? ed among the vices ? Is the opinion which contemns the cow ard, a prejudice Xisefi i ( , r hurtful? tVa siiall not doubt but that this O pU nion is confoimable to general interest" w hen we recollect that the first wisii of every man, is seif preservation. Tlet courage is more or lew a factitious quail, ly. A social vh't, e to which public e> I u.-m mote than any oihvv cause gives i* I b’nfit and its inert,;*.c. A momentaiyl bravery canb? lit tin bv am*r ; but imr'.l pichty tranquil ft sustained, dees not Arnnl or n.a, lire, except 1 j tiie happy i, ; fl i „ Ml .l cesot Honor, ’i he contempt the refuel wlurli we fed for cowardice, is „ ot . J Useless sentiment. '1 he suffering which! is inflicted upon poltroons, isiioum usJ less pain The t Astcnre of a political body df pends on the courage of its v.tirJ riots. The internal security of tl\ e suifl agiuimt the warrir.'s themselves, deneml 011 the br .very < f i.s citizens. Jo onfl word, courage is tue. political soul, ill tutelary genius, the sacruJ Palladium' il whicli ajor.c, we can a cure outs. Ivl from ail the miseries of sum nude, ic,„il in tiie state oi man, and not fail boil the brutes themselvusj but the n.,,1 courage is luioorvd, tiie more thine vl be ot brave men. _ The more co.vardil :s disp.sed, the fewer there Cowards. This is not ah-:—The n*ai, w:| when he can light, eudur'siaiinsvut, >h| mil show timidity oi iy,—he p.i | ! against popular sanction, v/iiich Ins m|' a law, and discovers himself to i.. : essential ;iuinl, indifferent to ins jv fl lion. Uat p'opulsi sanction is thu i„ active, and ; lie most faithful minister Uit: principle of utility; the most povi tit! and h ast dangerous idly of a ;.d actmenls. iho law of public upin {generally accords with the (aw nt mill tlie m'orc a man is sensible to bis rep tion the more is heready tocoitfbriiit soK to virtui ; the less he is onl point, the more is he prune to the s.J tion of all vices. I What is the vos-dt of this Tlmt in the stale ofahaiHloaairiiMit vfl the laws have at present left iht the citizens ; he who endures an iiH without having recourse to Hut nfl which public opinion bus priscS shows himself by that reduced to of humiliating dependence mid rvH to receive an indefinite series of lie discovers a v ant of makes general security; and void of a sensibility to bis rqaitatßi sensibility which is the prun ctm-Hp the virtues, ai.d a safeguard <aiH| the vices. In examining the march ion in relation to in. ‘■nils, it npp- to speak in general it is gvod fui; mid that the suectrsive HB which hm c been made in the pr-aHI duelling, have approached more to the principle of utility. would be wrong, or rather,its fnHa be manifest, it, beholding an nounced immediately a my against the party insulted. is not the case. Thisjucgmunt only takes place when the rebels against the laws self signs the decree fur Ins tion. i UOfK In general, then, the public l| in this system of honor. The td is on the side of the laws—Firsj permitted to exist, in legald I the anarchy which has forced aij to this strange and unfortunall redress. Second, to have end! oppose to the custom of due ling feet remedy, hut the only one.l to have never combatted it IJ proportioned and inefficacious I When the man offended wil if himself with the saiisfaction ofll law, duelling ought to p 1 Where duelling is establishes little of poisoning or assussini* lighter evil is an assurance I greater, ’I he ,duel is the prefl politeness and peace. ’1 be obliged to give or receive I smothers quarrels in the bud-1 and Homans loving glory, kfl of duelling. So much the wo® Their love of glory did not ■ to poisoning o." assassination® sentions of Athens, one half plotted the destruction of dn® what passes in England, in® especially in the Lulled ca, and compare their party ® the dissentions of Greece ® Clodius and Milo, according®! tiers, would have fought a ti®t ing to Homan manners, procally to assassinate each W one who killed his ted his adversarv fV< m In the Isle of Malta, (iucl* hind of fury, and almost a ®| war. One of the grand mar* so severe,and caused rously execute.l, that it was only to give which uni ltd Ireaebeiv am®P sassination, before m-.. Knights, became si>c< ••••:« was regretted and fi aiiV®p certain place, and at result mu yi.oniglit Iwe h®s when an honorable ci! to vengeance, eland- came infamous Duels are much Isss than in France or and aKsas-iina'ion arc m >' Jo France, the are ve-n sot tie; but » eluding tin in It is nscessary to w-ke-®- of prelude. In England, the C ®B ai d livuder, h‘" 'a - , Ibuiid them—Vie) '■ 'H® efrTvmslat’ghler. in; d® - ' guided by their g" - ;®B bytliclrifder.ce. b ! * a remedy in the la" " siou of the law _^^B cu.MMi -va v®B Jlfr. Editor, I perceive ,h Lir.a’’il'l'ip'C • .^® lounds in curpm'fc tract from a Donann . surprising < I*" r little conversant w: n ,®H as not to have ' !!1 ' icl ®» cheatfor v.hatv.-.: ilemerit ofan autl.ch.h Ji credit for all we Isy turning: [0 ‘ Lnitieique UWJ* :u,ej l» A