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Awgwata Chronicle
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Oeorgia Unxctte.
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United States’ La^vs.
nr AvTmniTY.
[Public Acla.J
AN ACT to perfect certain locations and
sales of public lands in Missouri.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Represent ives of the United Slates
of America in Congress assembled, That
the locations heretofore made of warrants
issued under the act of 15th of February,
one thousand eight hundred and fifteen,
entitled" An act for the relief of the in
habitants of tiie lute county of New Mad
rid. in the Missouri Territory, who suffer
ed by earthquakes,” if made in pursuance
of the provisions of that act, in other res
pects, shall be perfected into grants, in
like manner as if they had conformed to
the sectional or quarter sectional linos of
the public surveys i and the sales of frac
tions of tint public lands heretofore cre
a ed, bv such locations, shall be as valid
a d binding on the United Slates as if
mich fractions had been made by rivers,
©■ oilier natural obstructions,
c. 2 And he it further enacted, That
hereafter the holders and locators of such
variants shall be bound, in locating them,
to conform to the sectional or quarter
sectional lines of the public surveyors, as
nearly as the respective quantities of the
warrants will admit; and all such war
rants shall be located within one year af
ter the passage of this act, in default
whereof the same shall be null and void.
PHILIPP. BAHBOUR,
Speaker of the House of Representatives,
JOHN GAILI ARD,
President of the Senate, pro tempore.
Washington, April 26, 1822.-—Approved,
JAMES MONROE.
RESOLUTION providing for the securi
ty in the transmission of letters, Sic. in
the public mails.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States of
America In Congress assembled, That
it shall be the duty of the Postmaster Ge
neral to introduce, as soon as convenient
ly may be, on one or more of the most
exposed routes, Richard Imlay’s pl«n_ of
3er cases, secured in iron shesta, wiih
e locks and sliding bars, in such a
way as to test its efficacy in preventing
robberies of the mail: Provided, The ex
tra expense for each mail carriage shall
not exceed one hundred and fifty dollars
Washington, April 26, 1822—Approved.
AN ACT making appropriations for the
Public Buildings.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of H presentstivrs of the United Stales
of America in Congress assembled, That
for continuing the work on the Centre
Building of the Capitol, and other im
{irovcments on the President's House, the
ollowing sums of money be, and hereby
are, appropriated:
For continuing the work on the Centre
Building, the sum of one hundred and
twenty thousand dollars.
For constructing a culvert to the Presi
dent's House, painting, and necessary re
pairs of the same, the sum of three thou
sand three hundred dollars.
For improving the grounds around the
Capitol, twelve hundred and filly dollars.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That
the said several sums of money be paid
out of any monies in the Treasury not o
therwise appropriated; Provided, howe
ver, That no money appropriated by this
act shall be paid to any person for his com
pensarion or peiquisites, who is in ar
rears to the United States, until such per
son shall have accounted for, and paid in
to the Treasury, all suns for which he
may b» liable.
Washington, May 1, 1822—Approved.
AN ACT to alter the times of holding
courts in the Western District of Vir
ginia, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
Os Representatives of the United Slates
of America in Congress assembled, Tha»,
instead of the times now prescribed by
law tor bolding courts in the western dis
trict of Virginia, the said courts shall be
held annually on (he first Mondays of
April and September, at Wythe court
house ; and at Lewisburg, on the Fridays
succeeding the first Mondays of April and
September ; and at Clarksburg, on the
fourth Mondays in May and October; to
which days, respectively, all process re
turnable to the first days of the next suc
ceeding term, shall be held returnable,
•nd returned accordingly.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That
if the judge shall not attend on the first
day of any court, such court shall stand ad
journed from day to day for three days, if
the same cause continue t after which
lime, ts the judge still fail to attend, the
court shall stand adjourned until the first
dsy of the next term
Washington, April 26,1822—Approved.
AN ACT altering the time and place of
holding the district court in the districr
< of Mississippi.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
Os Representatives of the United Sates of
America in Congress assembled. That the
district court of the United States for the
district ot Mississippi, heretofore holden
at the seat of government in the state of
Mississippi, on the first Mondays in Janu
ary and July, shall after the next July term.
■ which may he holden at the city -of Natch
ez, hereafter hold its regular terms at the
Court House of Adams county, in the city
of Natchez, on the first Mondays in April
and October, and may continue to sit each
term until the business of the court is fin
ishedr
Sec. 2. And be it farther enacted. That
every writ, process, subpoena, or recogni
zance, returnable according to law, or the
tenor thereof, to either of the aforesaid
terms holden on the first Mondays in Jan
uary and July, shall, after the next July
1 term, be returnable, and shall be return
• ed, to the next succeeding term of said
! court, to be holden on the first Mondays
in April and October, after the passing of
this act.
Approved, April 25,1822
OUIGIJYJILPOE TIIyT
C oimxvuuic aieA.
TO THE MEMORY OF MISS M'CREA;
Who was tomahawked by the Indians during
; Revolutionary War.
Though time the deepest wound my sear—
Is there a heart that doth not feel
The tribute of a pitying tear,
W hich soft compassion here might steel,
To deck the virtuous dead ?
j While memory wakes again the scene,
Which darkens history’s latest page,
Os basest deed that once hath been
? In annals of remoter age—
J 1 Well may that tear be shed.
* When furious rage the war hoops yell,
’ When fierce the savage victor flies,
’ With gleaming tomal awk, dire and fell,
‘ Those tresses brigli—a gory prize,
In barbarous triumph borne.
And she whose fate we pass not by,
Though years long since have roll’d away;
Nor sleeps not mournful sympathy,
While counting o’er that fatal day,
Remembrance still shall mourn.
That fated mourn, she must awat,
To horse, her warrior love to meet;
- And now, that bridal garb so gay,
Is soon to be her winding sheet—
A cold and blood-stain’d shroud.
Close couch’d within a hollow glen,
Each murderer seeks a clust’ring bush,
Marking bis hapless prey—and then,
With hidious shriek, they forward rush,
The deadly onset low’rd.
The weapons redden in the clash,
Fiercer than the lightning’s flash—
The tomahawk uplifted flies;
'they still contend their prostrate prize,
With wild and frantic yell.
But soon the dreadful conflict's o’er—
One blow —the lovely victim dies.
The frightful yell she hears no more ;
Her spirit sought its native skies,
An angel there to dwell.
Now round fort Edward's shadowy side,
There comes a dirge, a funeral pile,
And requium sad, that woes betide,
While borne upon the eve’ning gale,
The death-bell’s passing knell—
Os her whose relics now are laid,
Enshrin’d in consecrated earth,
By whom those ritual rights are paid,
Last tribute to departed worth,
Admiring fame shall tell.
E. M.
SELECTED POETRY.
LU\ES
Written on hearing that the .Austrians had
entered Naples.
Be Thomas Mount
-8
Aye—down to the dust with them, slave
as they are—
Fiom this hour, let the blood in their
dastardly veins,
That shrunk at the first touch of Liberty’s
war,
Be suck’d out by tyrants, or stagnate in
chains!
On, on, like a cloud, thro’ their peautiful
vales,
Ye locusts of tyranny, blasting them
o’er—
Fill, fill up their wide sunny waters, ye
sails
From each slave-mart of Europe, and
poison their shore—
May their fate be a mock-word—may men
of all lands
Laugh out, with a soorn that ahull ting
to the poles.
When each sword, that the cowards let
fall from their hands.
Shall be forg’d into fetters to enter their
souls! —
And deep, and more deep, as the iron is
driv’n
Base slaves! may the whet of ihcir ago
ny be
To think—as the damn’d haply think of
that heav’n
They had on (»in their reach—that they
might have been free !
Shame, shame—when there was not a bo
som, whose heat
Ever rose o’er the zero of C oil’s
heart
That did not, like echo, your war-hymn
repeat,
And send all its pray’rs with your Lib
erty’s start—
When the world stood in hope—when a
spirit that breath’d
Full fresh of the olden-time, whisper’d
about.
And the swords of all Italy, half-way un
sheath’d,
But waited one conquering cry to flash
out!—
When around you the shades of your migh
ty in fame,
Filicajas and Petrarchs, seem’d burst
ing to view,
And their words and their warnings—like
tongues of bright flame
Over freedom’s apostles—fell kindly on
you 1—
Good God ! that, in such a proud moment
of life,
Worth ages of hist’ry—when, bad you
but hurl’d
Out bolt at your bloody invader, that
strife
Between freemen and tyrants had spread
thr’o the world—
That then— oh ! disgrace upon manhood
—e'en then,
You should falter— should cling to your
pitiful breath
Cower down into beasts, when you might
have stood men,
And prefer the slave’s life of damnation
to death !
It is strange— it is dreadful ! Shout Ty
ranny, shout
Through your dungeons and palaces,
«• Freedom is o’er” —
If there lingers one spark of her light,
tread it out,
And return to your empire of darkness
once more-
For, if such are the braggarts that claim to
be fre<, , ,
Come, Despot of Russia, thy feet let me
kiss— '
Far nobler to live the brute bondman of
thee,
Than to sully e’en chains by a struggle
like this
Chumps Elystes , Paris.
A PARODY
Os the forego ini', from the Cork JMercan
tile Ch r article.
. Dear Tom, I have read with unsated de
-I‘ght, „ ,
Your lines upon Naples, so valiant and
civil, > ,
VVhercyon pitched the poor Patriots who
ran from the fight.
To that very legitimate monarch—the
Devil.
Cut easy, dear Tom,—do not be in a fret,
Leave off for a while your poetical ca.
pers;
In the whisk of a mill-stone, I’ll show you
as yet
They had very good reason to take to
their scrapers.
Perhaps the poor rogues in their cause
may advarce.
That the Austrians arc dogs who wont
listen to reason ;
Who think that a sword, or a musket, or
lance,
Is sufficient to cure quiet people of
treason.
Who think that harangues on “the march
of the mind,”
And such lillubulero, are answered at
large,
Dy “ blast of a bugle breath’d free to
the wind,”
And that terrible all-sounding little
word—“ Charge /”
With these who would argue ?—who’ll
waste any wit
On such obstinate pudding-head rascals
as these?
Methinks it were better in peace to sub
mit,
Than be spitted like lurkies, or pep
per’d like geese.
No, no—you exclaim—they should die in
(lie fray,
Ere they bowed to the beck of the dia
dem’d crew:
Ah, Tom, these are things very easy to
say,
But, curse it—they’re not quite as easy
to do.
“ Aye, down to the dust with them, slaves
as they are,”
Is a very neat line, and 'tis very well
spelt:
He who sits in his closet, may joke about
war—
lie m»jr luugh n.t c com uiViilf lie wpnrs
a whole pelt.
There you in the Champs Eylsecs seated
down.
Inspired by a bottle of prime Chamber
tin,
May swear in a canticle, signed Thomas
Brown,
That up on a string every coward should
hang
*****
LITERARY.
Extract of a letter from London, Jtfarch 28
“ Mr. Wasuinoton luvino is now cor
recting the sheets of his new work,
“ Bracebridge Hall,” which Murray has
given him a thousand guineas for; ami a
delightful book it will be- There is as
much anxiety for it, as there would be for
a novel of Scott’s, or a poem of Byron’s.
There is also a very clever book just pub
lished here, ‘ Europe by a citizen of the
United States,’ which is highly thought of.
The North American Review is also cir
dilating freely and I as obtained great re
putation ; so thatou, Edinburgh Review
ers would be rather ashamed now to ask,
as they once did, ‘in the fm|r quarters of
the globe, who reads an American book ?’ ”
•AVw- York Evening Post.
We understand that a third edition of
“ The Srv,” the most interesting novel
mat has ever been produced in America,
has been put to press in New-York, In
three weeks after the second edition was
published, its proceeds enabled the New-
York bookseller to pay one thousand
dollars to its author. By the first edition,
we presume, he realized an equal sum—
We rejoice to see an American literary
talent thus rewarded, and have no doubt
that in a few years our soil will be as pro.
ductive of books of merit as that of any
country in Europe.— Franklin Gaz.
The Rev. H. 11. Millman, had in the
London press, in March, a new dramatic
poem entitled. Balshasxa.
Mr. Charles Phillips is printing an en
larged editiua of bis Speeches.
Sav. Itep,
The (London) New Monthly Magazine
for April, mentions that a new work by
Sir Waller Scott is mentioned in the Scot
tish capital; it is from the notes of a dis
tinguished person of the 17 th century,
and is likely to contain many curious an
ecdotes of the last thirty years of that age.
*
Mr George M. Tucker a member of the
H. of U. has published at Washington, a
volume, entitled “ Essays, on puious sub
jects of taste, morals, and natiorftl policy.”
We have much curiosity to peruse a book,
which is the production of a gentleman of
so much literary taste.— Rich. Enq-
Messrs. Carey & Lea, booksellers, Phila
delphia, have put to press Walter Scott’s
last novel, “Ths Forturks or Nibil ”
Among works preparing for publication
in England we observe, Specimens of the
American Poets; with Biographical and
Critical Notices, and a Preface. In one
vol. Bro, tfinerviad, |
1
. THE R iHE # O VIiIOVS
Australasia.
* The native of the colony of Sydney we
know pretty well to be a gloomy, solitary,
unsettled being; seldom appear ing, even
in the town, without his spear, lus throw
'> ing-stick, or his club. “ His spear, says
Colonel Collins, “ is his defence against
enemies It is the weapon he uses to
. punish aggression, and revenge <ns'iit.-
S It is even the instrument with wi.ich m
corrects his wife in the last extreme; for.
t> in their passion, or perhaps oftener in a ft
of jealousy, they scruple not to inflict
e death. It is plaything of children, and
in the hands of persons of all ages,
f Turnbull says, the natives of this part o
New Holland are, beyond comparison,
s the most barbarous on the of the
Globe, and that the influence o) Europe
an settlers lias had no effect in rendering
them more sensible of the benefits of ci
vilization; that every day men and wo
. men are to be seen in the streets of aya
ney and PaiamnaUa naked as in the mo
ment of their birth; yet he contends Mat
’ they arc far from being stupid; that
they an the greatest mimics alive; 2: that
1 the oddities, dress, walk, gait, and looks
of all the Europeans of any tank, from
» the lime of Governor Phillip down wares,
are so exactly imitated, as to lorm among
! 'hem a kind of historic register of their
several actions and characters; and Hit*3
, are great proficients in the slang lan
. guage of the convicts. Hut this seems to
be the sum total of all their acquisitions
i Irom European intercourse In all other
respects they remain the same untutored,
i unprotected, improvident, knd comfort
less savi.ff swc first found them. By all
who have seen them they are described
as hideously ugly, with flat noses, wide
nostrils, eyes suns in the head, over
shadowed with thick black eyebrows ; the
mouth extravagantly wide, lips thick ami
prominent, hair black and clotted, but
not woolly, the colour of the skin varying
from dark bronze to jet black. I licit
stature is below the midd.e size. They
are remarkably thin and ill made, their
limbs, small, and almost without any ap
pearance of muscle. They live chiefly on
fish, which they sometimes spear & some
limes net, the women on parts of the roasi
aiding to catch them with die hook M line.
It a dead whale happens to be cast on shot e,
numbers flock to it from every part of the
coast, just as the vultures smell out a
dead carcase, and they feast sumptuous
ly while any part of it remains. Those
in the interior are stated to live on grubs,
ants and their eggs, kangaroos, when they
can catch them, fern routs, various kinds
of berries, and honey. These sylvan
satyrs are described as having long and
lean legs and arms, owing, as is supposed,
to their climbing of trees, which they
ascend by notches cut into them by stone
hatchets, in which the great toe is placed,
and by these means they ascend trees that
are 70 or 80 feet high.
To add to their naturiddeformity, they
thrust a bone through the cartilage of the
nose, & stick with gum to their hair, mat
ted with moss, the teeth of men, sharks,
or kangaroos, the tails of dogs, jaw
bones of fish, he. and daub their faces
and bodies with red and white clay, and
scarify the skin in every pait with sharp
shells. The women and female children
are generally found to want '.he first two
joints of the little finger of the left
hand; and >he reason they assign is, tha
they would otherwise be in the way of
winding the fishing-lines over the hand
They have no hxed habitations, the cli
mate generally allowing of 'heir sleeping
in the open air, in the crevices of rocks,
or under the shelter of the bushes- Their
temporary hovels consist of the bark of a
tree, each hovel just large enough to re
ceive a single person; to the northward,
on the east coast, some w ere discovered
a little laiger, so that a family might, on
an emergency, squeeze under one of tin- ni;
but they are without furniture or conve
niences of any description. They seem
to have no idea of the benefits arising
from social life; their largest clans extend
not beyond the family circle, of each of
which the eldest is called by u name syno
nymous with that of father. They are to
tally without religion, neither paying the
leasts respect or adoration to any object
or being, real or imaginary. Hence they
have nothing to prompt them to a good
action, nothing to deter them from a bad
one; hence murder is no* considered as a
ny heinous crime, and women think no
thing of destroying, by compression, the
' infant in the womb, to avoid the trouble,
if brought alive into the world, of carry
ing it about and finding it subsistence.
Should a woman die with an infant at the
breast, the living child is inhumanly
thrown into the same hole with the mo
ther, and covered with stones, of which
the brutal father throws the first. They
are savage even in love, the very firs' act
of courtship, on the pattof the husband,
being that of knocking down his intended
bride with a club, and dragging her away
from her friends, bleeding and senseless,
to the woods; the consequence is, that
scarcely a female of the age of maturity is
to be seen without her head full of scars,
tlie unequivocal marks of her husband’s
affection. The nearest relations are also
perpetually destroying each other, either
by stratagem or open combat; for savage
as they are, they have a singular custom
of expiating an offence, even murder, by
the criminal exposing himself to as many
of the injured family as may choose to
stand forth and hurl their spears at him.
From the moment that he is so dreadfully
mangled that he can stand no longer, or
has the good fortune to parry all their
shafts, a reconcilement takes place, and
friendship is restored; if the criminal re
fuses to stand this trial, he & all his family
are considered as fair game to attack and ;
murder wherever they are met with. The
English used to attend these unequal com- i
bats, & thus gave countenance to a savage
practice, which not unfrequently ended in ■
the death of the person who was put on
his defence.
If n ° very essential difference be per
ceptible in the moral and physical quali
ties of the man of New Holland, and the
rest of the species, except that which
arises fromthe different circumstances un
der which they are placed ;—if the rocks
atid mountains, and the earths, resemble
nearly the inorganic substances that are ;
met with in other parts of the world, there J
is at least a very extraordinary, and a dis- i
tinct characteristic difference in both the :
animat and vegetable part of the creation, i
| which makes a considerable class of sub- i
jects in both these kingdoms peculiar to «
New Holland The quaurupeds hitherto I
discovered, with very tew exceptions, are
of the kangaroo or opossum tribe ; having
their hinder legs long out of all proportion,
when compared with the length ot the
fore legs, and a sack under the belly oi
the female for the reception of the young,
of which family, though divided into dif
ferent genera, there at ieasi fifty distinct
species They have rais, and dogs of the
j<«ckall kind, all exactly alike, and a little
animal of the bear tribe named ivomat, and
these pretty nearly complete the cata
logue of four-footed animals yet known on
tins fifth Continent. There appears in
deed, such an apparent affinity of the na
tural objects in New South Wales, that
Dr White observes, all the quadrupeds
are like opossums, all the fish like sharks,
and that every part of the land, all the
trees, and all the grasses, resemble one
another. There is, however, an animal
which resembles nothing in the creation
but itself,—which, being rejected by na
turalists, from the class, s mammalia, aves,
and pisces, must, we suppose, be consi
dered as belonging to the amphibia,—we
mean the Ornithoryncus paradoxus, “ a
quadruped w .ih the beak ot a bird, which
is contrary to known facts and received
opinions. When the head of one of these
beasts was brought to the late Dr. Shaw,
of the Btitish Museum, he suspected it as
an idle attempt to impose on his judgment,
and did not hastily believe that nature had
sei live bill of a duck on the head of a
quadruped ; but so it has since proved to
be the case.
It is worthy of remark, that, in this
great division of the globe, fully equal i.i
extent to that of Europe, there is no quad
ruped larger than the kangaroo; that
there is none of a ferocious character,
and in many of the Islands, none of any
description. Man only in Australasia is
an animal of prey; and more ferocious
than the lynx, the leopard, or the hyena, he
devours his own species, in countries too
where nature has done every thing for his
comfort and subsistence ; the consequence
is, that population is so much checked
and thwarted, that the number of all the
natives that have been seen on the coasts
of ail the Islands, from the first discovery to
the present time, would notin the aggre
gate amount to 20,000 souls. The only
hope of improvement must depend on the
future colonization of these healthful and
fertile regions of the globe by some Eu
ropean power.
Supptem. Encycl. Brittan.
Abyssinia.
Os the customs, manners,
laws, and languages, of the Abyssinians,
and the neighbouring tribes, noticed by
Mr. Salt, the following are the most curi
ous and interesting. Ills description of a
brind feast, though not so high coloured
as that of Mr. Bruce, is still sufficient to
prove the barbarism of the Abyssinians.
The sides of the table are covered with
piles of thin cake made of teffi reaching to
the height oi a foot,anil two feet an d a half
in diameter ; in Ihe middle a row of cur
ry dishes is placed. Nea. the Bus there
are a number of fine wheaten tolls, for his
own use, and that of his favorites The
signal to begin the feast is given by
his breaking and distributing them ; im
mediately female slaves, having wash; u
their hands, dip the tvff into (he curry,
and seive it to all the guests, except the
Bas, who receives his portion from a male
slave, and afterwards distributes it among
the chiefs, who acknowledge the favor by
standing up and bowing. Balls composed
of teff', greens, and curds, are next hand
ed about In the meantime t. e cattle are
killing in the adjoining yard- The pro
cess of killing is simple:—the beast is
thrown on the ground, and its head sepa
rated from the body with a Jambea knile,
during which an invocation is alwayspro
nouneed- The skin is immediately stripl
off one side, and the entrails being taken
out, are devoured by the attendants.—
While the fibres are yet quivering, the
flesh is cut into large pieces. These are
of no regular size ; but generally a piece
of hone is attached to the flesh, by which
it is brought into the dining room. The
chiefs with their crooked knives cut off
large steak, which they divide into long
stripes, half an inch in diameter. If they
are not pleased with the piece they have
got, they hand it to a dependant, who, in
his turn, if not pleased, hands it to another,
till it comes to one whose taste or rarik
does not induce or authorize him to reject
it As soon as the first party is satisfied,
they rise from the table Sc give way to oth
ers. The last cakes are scrambled for with
agreatnoise. It appears from Mr. Salf,that
though the chkfs sometimes feed them
selves at these feasts, yet more frequently,
as Mr. Bruce relates, they feed one anot Iter.
It has already been mentioned, that Ur.
Pearce witnessed a live meal, when tra
veiling with the Lasla soldiers Hav ng
fasted long, one of them proposed to cut
out the shulada, upon which the cow was
thrown down,, and two pieces of flesh,
weighing about a pound, cut from the but
tock ; these they called the shutnda. —
Whenever Mr. Salt mentioned the term,
he was always understood. After the
pieces were cut. out, the wounds were sew
ed up, an ! plastered over. The animal
was drove on, but killed at the end of the
journey. The Abyssinians are very expert
in dissecting a cow, as there are always a
number of claimants, each of whom claims 1
a right to a particular portion. Ibid. *
Aleutian Islands.
Unalashka, one of the largest of the I
Fox Islands, was visited by Captain Cook i
during his last voyage, and seems to merit <
particular notice. The whole island con- i
sisls of a mass of rocks, covered only with I
a very thin coat of earth ; the hills are of 1
very unequal height, and are intersected I
by irregular rallies, the soil of which is *
commonly argillaceous or an earth which <
appears washed down from the hills. In 1
the lower rallies there is great abundance i
of grass, which would furnish very good <
food for cattle; indeed Captain Cook was <
of opinion that cattle might subsist at Una- !
lashka all the year round, without being I
housed; and the soil, in many places, ap- J
peared capable of producing grain, roots, :
and vegetables. But the Russian traders, 1
and the natives, seem satisfied with what 1
nature brings forth. No wood grows on <
this and the neighboring islands; only low i
bushes and shrubs of dwarf-birch, willow,
and alder. For all the timber used for the (
purposes of building, &c they are indebt- r
ed to the sea, which wafts it to their t
shores from the adjacent continent of A- I
merica. The inhabitants are rather low of r
stature, but plump and well shaped ; with c
short necks, swarthy chubby faces, black I
eyes, small beards, and long', s tral» !
black hair, which the men wear loosed J
hind, and cut befi.re, but the w.men' l
up in a bunch. v\’ith regard to theird, *
acter, Captain Cook describes them J. Mi
all appearance, the most inoffensive o Gj
pie he ever met with, and perfect pain
of honesty.
The principal food of these island
consists of fish, sea animans, birds it
and berries. They dry large quanUnJ‘d!
fish in summer, which they lav nn n
, A n • . , j »n sni-
huts for wmler use ; and roots and her. >
are also preserved for the same , lt J J
scarcity. Among the fi,h, the niostc3
mon and most abundant ace Severa | sr a
of salmon, cod,herrings, and halibut ? nst
last is the most esteemed, ai „i is s Sjj
times caught of an enormous size qVffl
of the whale is also a favorite sp cc ; . ■
food; when it g.oas old and Vaiwpß
serves to liglit and warm their ho n Jp
They eat almost every thing raw - |, R
late, they have loarut some simple n ■
of cookery from the Uussians, ■ Veeeoß
food does not appear to be he'd j» R
esteem by the Unalashkana. Ti ;t .
p’aut, the Siberian parsnip,
Ihbencum J, is but little eaten, any .'”*R,
than the bulb of the Sar'anna, or liJ'B
schaclale hly. Berries of an eatable ihR
ity abound; such as bramhle-berries
berries, hurtle berries, heath-beiri,.
several others. Oflate, (he UussianiU R
begun to plant potatoes, which
extremely well, and much liked i 'R
people. The habitations of the Ur. iR
kans are holes dug in the earth, ce.>tlß
w iHi a wooden roof, over which thevtimH
grass and earth ; so that a village liJH
appearance of an European chnrch-uRI
hid of graves. The entrance into
huts is from the roof; some of iheb'v-Ri
however, which are inhabited by
sians, have a low door in the side. ]R
light is also admitted by the roof, tlirrß
an opening nr window covered over v'R
seal’s entrails, or dried fish-skin, s -M-.
ral divisions are made within, by
seal-skins or straw-mats, which S;
the apartments of the different fiV-Mj
that occupy the habitation. TheirtM®
hold furniture consists of bowles, a 6
buckets, piggins or cans, malted
and perhaps a Russian kettle or p.;, R*>!
knife and the hatchet, or
piece of iron, made like an adze, :j { R'*'
it into a crooked wooden handle, anRS,
only iron tools found amongst then, I'l
The religion of ihefielsapders.likM i
of most uncivilized nations, consistsß 1
perstilious observances, and a L:! ; « H
charms. Many of them have bc-tnl -1
tized, and are nominally professorsli
Greek faith ; of which, however, ilief ,T
clerstand nothing more than tnaltirj *
sign of the cross. They have no marl '
ceremony; every man may have ss
wives as he can conveniently mainiii
Iris means decrease, he sends first y
(hen another back to their parents;: tt»
these women become perfectly at li
to look out for other husbands. si A
times the same women live with toli th
hands; and it is not uncommon fort* hi
sell ox exchange wives. if, th
la
Hindostan. ai
Jains (called by some -loiuus) a; >
rather race of Hindoos, found in con
hie numbers in different parts of <
particularly in the southern pet% •* ;
They form a class of dissenters firß J
established faith of Rrahminism, scR i
rally considered throughout Imlß/
lone founded on an orthodox basis. Rf'
deny altogether the authority of liR!
das, regarded by the genuine Ilr.iHiS
the holies; of books. They eilltrß
own, or sink into a subordinate si-iitß
the grand objects of Hindoo
In their hypothesis concerning
of the world, they have adopted
which seem to partake of the chmcßß
•Atheism. They do not, like the Hillißrs
of the Vedas, acknowledge
and eternal Being, from whom
verse derived its origin The
world, as well as the minds of all m
animals, are held by them to be e
They refuse to acknowledge
which is not, or has not been, the
of the senses. Upon this principle R.
deny the existence of any beings sn ‘RL
to man, and admit no objects of «
except men who have raised tlierr tRu
by their merits to the rank of div
As, however, they set no bounds iRL
perfection which the human soul i £R
rive at, their most eminent sai> R‘R
pontiffs (among whom they paisßlß
celebrate Gomat Iswara SwaniifßrJ
almost the attributes of Supremc*HS : f
To this station, however, they ai ’ffvW
ed, not in consequence of a virtu;' SR
or of benefits rendered toman!:." |R
of those excesses of absurd and it- ,
gant penance to which, throughoil. ;i»R
din, such sovereign merit is av ■
Tliey have three ranks of ascetics, M 1
Uieycal! Yatis The first, called m j
can be aitained only by him who I R
his family, entirely cuts off his hai' R
always in his hand a bundle of p" R
feathers and an earthen pot, and wf R ]
ly'clothes of a tawny coluor. The R
rank, Jlla/iavr/itn, requires tha f s’ R ‘
should be abandoned, except amt
to cover nakedness, and that i hr R
stead of being shaven off, should f
ed out by the roots. He whosspi
higher, and seeks toisttain
gree, or JVVrtmn, throws ssideeveßß
and remains entirely naked;
thing but rice, ami that only or.ee
days. The name is nearly S
with that of Deity, and lie is Me
ly equal veneration ,wi h the p'
rajas, whose images are wers
the temples. At Billion!, 0
the residence of their high
have a gigantic image of Got 8 R*
Swami, the foot of winch i sn: '’
length, so that the height of
statue cannot be less than
and there is a similar one at h jR
Mangalore. This worship 1,1 ;R
images is common to them with
ers of Doodha, whom ih°yal so R (
semble in their theological tellt ß
Samana and Gaudma, the main R
iloodh veneration, are enumera'Jß •'
Jains among the earliest and I
rated of their priests. 0n , I
hand, they differ from diem f 1-
being divided into four casts, d ' W
ed from each other by ihe sarne Ma
and manners as among ,°v' er .
The Jains observe also similar fj
carrying them only to a greats R
They are also scrupulous to 3 .R
ter degree as to causing t * ied
living thing, even the m> n ' l MR
The strictest Jains, to guard a.-i
danger, do not eat after sU (
iiave always a small broom 1 R