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BY AUTHORITY.
[PUBLIC ACT.]
AN act making »n appropriation (» de
. fray the expenses of missions to the in
dependent nations on the American
Continent.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
«f Representatives of the United fit atea
of America, in Congress assembled, That
for such missions to the independent na
tions on the American continent, as the
President'of the United States may deem
proper, there be, ami hereby is, appropn
•ted, a mm not exceeding one hundred
thousand dollars, to be paid out of any
money in the Treasury, not otherwise ap
propriated.
* PHILIP P. BARBOUR
•Speaker of the House of Representatives
JOHN GAItLARU.
President of the Senate, pro tempore-
Washington, May 4, 1822. -Approved.
JAMES MONHOE.
if—
T7m: u A« v. '
j'rum the Itiehmord JRnyairer.
UiftvinsiTiF.s, Colleges, &c.
An attempt has been made to rise a pre
judice against the higher schools by staling
tbit they were for the benefit of the rich
alone, and widened the actual distinction
between them and the poor This tophi
has been seized upon, not only in this
‘State, but in Kentucky and Connec icut,
and perhaps in every s'ate, where these
higher schools have been under cm side
ration. We have never seen this ad cap •
taudum argument more forcibly exposed,
than in the following extract froth a me.
morial recently laid before the legislature
of Connection', by the President and Eel
lows of y.de College. Add to this, that
at these very institutions, scholars are bred
up, who become tlie teachers of the poor;
that from our primary achooia the choicest
geniuses may hereafter be ctdled to be
educated at the University—and add to
these specific facts the general advantages
to be derived from them, in point of eco
nomy of the illumination shed from these
fact over the public mind, and of the mo.
ral force (hey communicate to the state by
Which they are cherished and the argu.
men in their favor becomes irresistible : '
“ The advantages of education are not
confi.itd to tl iis- 1 who are immediately in
atructed. They txicud to every class of
the community. As ihe manners and dress
of polished society, deaceml-from one rank
to anp-her; till something of their form
and spirit, reaches even to the humbl-st
collage » so the acquisitions of persons of
superior education, are circulated
multitudes who have had no access to the*
original sources of irifuimation. Know.
le<tg* is daily diffused by aocial inter
course, iu domestic conversation, in par
ties of business an I pUasure. A spirit of
inquiry is awakened. A taste tor leading
is produced, and the public understanding
is invigorated; A single individual of ex
abed sttainmen s, may elevate the habits
of thinking through a nation
“ But why should not the expenses of
public education he defray'd wholly by
those who are most immediately benefit
cd f Because, from the very nature of the
higher seiuiuarii'i of learning, they could
never exist, without aid from the pubic.—
They require a prominent establishment,
buildings, apparatus, professorships, and
endowments which are. to continue for
life. Who ever erected a college, or even
su academy, for the exclusive benefit of
his own children? We might as well ex
pect the traveller to cons*ruct bis own
bridges, roads, and housea of entertain
ment.
“ Unless permanent funds are secured
for our literary instiiulio is, our youths
must either remain in comparative ignor.
ance, or he sent abroad for their educa.
tion We must be d pendent oo the buun
ty of other states, for those resources,
which we neglect rn provide for ourselves.
Tins is in fact the case, to a very consid
erable extent, at the present time. Many
of our youth are sent to other colleges,
which have the means of furnishing a
cheaper education.
“ -< is a point of high importance to the
Enbbc, .hat collegia.e instruction should
e humph within the reach of those who
are in moderate circumstance*. We are a-
Ware of no prevalent etror, on the subject
of education which is wider from the truth,
than tlie opinion that the benefits of the
higher seminaries ot learning are princi
pally enjoyed by the rich The fact is di
reedy the reverse of this. The rich can
always obtain an education for their child
ren; either by sending them abroad, or
procuring for them private tuition. Un
lea public provision is made fur academic
•i nid co legiate instruction, the wealthy
will, in a great measure, engross the learn
iug of the coimtiy. This will tend to throw
the Weight of literary inthience into the
same scab with that of property; and in
tb is way to form an effective aristocracy, I
inconsistent with the principles of a re
puolican government. It will suppieas
the exertions of those, who, if they could
he to nn si led with means of education,
would give the fairest promises of literary
eminence, talents art as «f*cn found in
tiie dwellings of the Four as in the man.
a{ the rich. Woo have in fact been
th r.oit useful and distinguished divines,
pbyaicians, and ata eamen in New-Bng.
uud > u any great portion of them to be
Ibund among the aona of the opulent ? i
the steeps of science is not often ascend- <
ed, except by those who have been early
accustomed to force their way through sur
rounding difficulties. This is so manifest
to those who are acquainted! with the his
tory of literary men, as to have led nn in
telligent observer to remark, that a eollege
is a lottery, in which the sons of the poor
d w a' l I'K- prizes.”
' FOU&WJY
COLOMBIA!
Translation of a note presented by 11. F.
Zka, to (he French minister for foreign af
fairs, and the ambassadors and ministers
of foreign powers at Paris ;
• The undersigned, envoy extraordinary
and minister plenipotentiary of the Re
public of Colombia to establish political
and commercial relations with the powers
of Europe, has the honor to address, in
pursuance of the orders of his government,
to his excellency the minister of foreign
affairs, the following communication
‘The report of the struggle which
America has just maihtained against Spain,
lias resounded throughout the world. If
it be admitted that ignorance may still ex
ist respecting its marvellous details, no
doubt can arise upon the immense results
obtained by force of battle and victories.
Oppressed America, enslaved for three
centuries, has shaken off the yoke of the
mother country. Spain is no longer any
thing beyond the seas which wash the,
shores of the peninsula.
‘ In short, America has attained her due
place—the increase of her population, the
pi ogress of intellect, a thousand new wants
which the mother country could not sup*
ply, rendered the crisis inevitable. Spam
depopulated, without a navy, without in-'
ilustry—could she have retained longer
under laws, an entire continent, separated
from her by the vast ocean i Independence
then has done no more than re-established
natural order, and to put a period to those
infinite evils that such an ill-matched
connexion necessarily produced.
‘ Spain, driven forever from the shores
of America, has no means of returning
there. Divided in its interior, destitute
•('influence without, deprived of the mines
of Mexico and Peru, where could shot ob
tain soldiers for distant expeddions? How
could she meet the expenses of armaments
necssary to rt-conquer what she bus lost ?
‘ The ports, the harbors, and he fort fi
nd places, are in the power of the Ameri
cana ; all the emblems of European su
premacy have disappeared The lions
and the towers of Castile have given place
to the colors of independence and liberty
In these vast countries, which were so
long the source of Spanish greatness, and
(he theatre oi foreign domination, there
remains nothing but the scattered bones
of the warriors who were sent to oppose
themselves to our destinies. On every
hand nascent slates are forming, founded
upon the same bases, equally favored by
nature, powerful in resources, confident
in a future which cannot deceive them.
The climate alone would protectthem against
rash invasions, if the tried courage of tin
inhabitants did not, offer the best of all
guarantees.
‘Among these states rises that of Colom
bia— twelve years of an implacable war
could not subdue her, nor even slacken
her march. Colombia has gathered*the
fruit of her neble exertions —she is free,
sovereign, and independent. Very soon
all these new states will form a complete
solemn association, and will fix with com
mon accord the basis of that grand confed
eration, against which every foreign at
tack would fee more absurd than danger
ous The coalition of the rest of the ci
vilized world, if it were possible would
miscarry before this barrier.
•Thus arrived at the point where she
finds herself assimilated in fact and in
tight to all existing nations, wish,
ing to live amicably with all people, Amer
ica has only to obtain her recognition by
(lie great family of which she forms a
part, and to which her association cannot
fail to offer many advantages.
'lt is with (his view, that the undersign
ed minister plenipotentiary of the Repub
lic of Colombia, \\w the - honor to address
hla excellency the minister of foreign af
fairs, to communicate to him the intentions
of his government.
‘The Republic of Colombia is established
and its government is in Fall activity, Spain
no longer possesses any thing upon its ter
ritory, and an army of 60.000 men, sup
ported by an army of reserve of the same
force, secures the existence of Colombia.
‘The Republic has every characteristic
of all the recognized governments upon
earth ; she does not ask for any of them
by what means, or by what right they rule
—they exist, and this is all that concerns
her to know. Colombia respects all that
exists; she has a right to reciprocity; slit
demands it, and this demand is dictated
neither by interest nor by feat; either
one motive or the other is unworthy of a
generous aud free nation.
‘Who could make .an attack upon her ?
Who could either add to her wealth ordi
miiiish it ? Os whom has she need ? And
among all the nations known, where is
there one that does not aspire to establish
commercial regulations with her ? Colom
bia has nn innate consciousness of her
strength ? If she invites all nations to
share treasures which nature has lavished
upon her, it is rather from a sentiment of
generosity than spirit of calculation
‘Whoever will approach Colombia with
pacific and benevolent intentions, may
draw in full security from the common
source of our riches- Such is the si ogle
basis of the relations which we arc desir
ous tu have wdh all the people of .fee
earth—cordiality, liberty, reciprocity. The
jealousies, the distrusts, which formerly
separated the various nations and arm d
hem one against another, are banished
from the legislation, as well as from the
spirit of >nir ‘elfow-citizena. We will ne
ver falsity the philanthropic principles for
which blu I has flowed in such abundance
upon the field of battle and the scaffold.
‘But after having thus fu.filled all her
duties with regard to other nations, Co
lombia owes it to herself to require that
her own rights he equally recognized—
Colombia holds tier possessions from no
verson; the has originated herself and
reckons upon her own means of support,
independent, strung, free, and invulnera
ble, the obeys no sentiment but that of
general benevolence » she aspires to ren
der ihe relations of all those who will treat
with her easy, amicable and useful.
An eatensive and rich continent, inha
biu d by civilised people, cannot remain
foreign to the rest of the world; it would
always be difficult to conceive relations'"
durable advantageous, and such as the in- ,
terest of commerce requires, between
states of which the governments do not
recognize each other reciprocally.
* These unequivocal principles, these
poweiiul considerations impose upon the
undersigned the obligation of communi
cating to his excellency the sentiments
and principles of his government, urges
the necessity of a prompt reply. His ex
cellency is too enlightened not to perceive
the motives of such a demand on the part
of a government, whose seat is at so great
a distance; and which being occupied at
the same moment with its interior organi
zation, and the establishment of its foreign
relations cannot admit either the delays
or the tiiinutix of proceeding, of which it
believes, that according to ancient usage,
it might avail itself in these hew Jsircum
stances, and of which tbe novelty eyen is
an additional motive lor desiring the
prompt solution which Colombia looks for
with equal confidence in the enlightened
views of the government of * * * * and
its own strength.
‘ 'The undersigned eagerly embraces
this opportunity of presenting to his ex
cellency the minister of foreign affairs the
assurance of his highest consideration.
(Signed) * F A. ZEA - *
Paris, April 8.1822.
KBOM TUB VENEZUELA IBIS.
Laws and Decrees of the Congress of Co
lumbia,
A Law of'hc 21st of September, 1821.
prohibits the importation of tlia Coffee,
Cacao, Indigo, Sugar and Molasses, un
der the penalty of a forfeiture of vessel
and cargo The same articles may how
ever be freely exported from one Port of
the Republic to another, in national vessel*
Foreign vessels are allowed to traffic from
one Port to another with their original
cargoes, or part of them, such pari being
in the same condition of package, Stc, as
when first exported-—Captains or Super
cargoes of vessels must provide them
selves the necessary certificates from ;l»e
Custom Houses to prove the slate of such
cargoes.
A Law of the same date fixes the duties
of Exportation as follows ;
2. Coffee, Cotton, Sugar, Molasses,
llrandy extracted from Sugar cane, and
building timber, are exempted for ten
years from paying any txpoi tilt ion duty ;
3. Hides, Cacao, and Indigo, pay 10 per
cent on the current prices of the place.
4 Mules and Horses 15 dollara a head
5. Horned Cattle 12$ do. a head.
6. All other Fruits, Provisions, Ani
mals, dyes, precious woods, and other »r
tides of trade not included under the
forgoing heads pay 5 per cent, according
to the prices current.
7 The administrators of the Customs
are to fix, on the last of every month, a
List of the Prices Current on the doors
of (heir Offices, signed and sworn io bv
two merchants and three persons of pro
perty of known respectability
8. Coined gold pays 3 per cent, bu
the exportation of coined, or unwrough
silver is probibred for two years.
To avoid frauds in the collection of
this three per cent on coined gold tin,
duty called presumed Exportation. —(Ex-
traccion presuma is kept up *) This do
ty is applicable to such foreign Effects as
have not been entered in the respeotiv.
Ous om Houses according to their value
in gold coin.
10 All effects purchased abroad with
the produce of the fruits and merchan
dize ot the Republic are exempt from tint
duty.
11 Merchandize and effects purchaser;
on credit in foreign countries pay the dn- *
ry of presumed Exportation, 4 months as
ter their Importation, their value in gold
remaining free (of duty} when again ex
ported by the foreigner.
12 All effects carried from one port to
another of the Uepublic are free from
this dntv.
13. Foreigners who come temporarily
to the Ports of the Uepublic, pay this du
ty oi). the merchandize they import and
sell, according to their Invoices at the
Customs, unless they export this value in
produce of the Country.
14 The Executive is authorized during
the war, to lay a temporary embargo on
the exportation of Cattle, and articles in
dispensably necessary for subsistence.
lAW RELATIVE TO THE NATURALIZATION Os
FOREIGNERS.
The mode according to which Foreign
ers can attain Naturalization in Colombia
is fixed by a Law of the 3d of September
.1821, ps follows :
The foreigner, desirous of Naturaliza
tion, must renounce all allegiance td',‘ and
lilies of employs he may hold from any
other Government, and swear to the Laws
and Constitution of the Uepublic 2d
He must bring with him some trp le or
nstful mode of subsistence, and afte- hav
jug made known to the municipality of the
Town in which he resides, his wishes to
become a Citizen, he must reside in the
Country three years
If however he obtains a landed proper
ty in the County of the clear worth of
1000 dofars tiun years residence suffice ;
it ol 2v.00 dollars one year's residence : if
he marries with a native of Colombia six
months , and if he acquires a landed prop
erty of'SOOOdollars value no period of res
idence is required.
.3 Having complied with the above
conditions he applies for a Letter of Na
turalization to the Governor.of the Pro
vince •in which be lives, accompanying
his memorial by the necessary proofs, and
statement of lus family and condi ion: the
Governor forwards this memorial with
what observation he may deem necessary,
to the Executive, who 'remitsthrough hit
hands the Letter of Naturalization, on the
receipt of which, and on taking the neces
sary oath, such foreigner becomes in all
respects entitled to the rights and privile
ges of a Citizen of Colombia.
* If a foreign merchant imports .10,000
dollars in merchandise and carries out but
5000 in produce, the remaining 5000 he
is supposed to carry out in.cpin, which is
the EjL tracCiaH presuntOi'presumed Export
lation . • .
Notice.
03* Adrian P. Schultz is
authorised to act as my Attorney, in con
ducting n»y business during my absence
from this city. -
John Wagner.
June 20—3 t
Tbe Hare and fcnrions.
The Fashions !
Celebration of the British King's Birth-Day.
The True Briton of the 24'hot April
gives an account occupying ten columns
of that paper of the celebration of His
Majesty’s Birth-Day, the names of the
persons at the Drawing Room at Buck
ingham Palace, the distinguished person
ages honored with a presentation to the
King, and a particular account of tbe la
dies’ dresses The Drawing-Room was,
says the accouut, numerously and splen
didly attended, perhaps beyond all pfiece
dent. St, James* Park and all the streets
leading to it were crowded with ladies.
All the cabinet ministers gave grand en
tertainments, and at night there wan a
general illumination. The Ring was
dressed on the occasion in a Field Mar
shal’s uniform and decorated with tbe or
der of the Garter, and the whole of the
courtly attendants were dressed in the
richest state uniforms. The account of
the various dresses of the ladies who
made their appearance in (he Grand Sa
loon, fills six columns of the paper. We
have selected for the amusement of the
American ladies a few descriptions of
those rich dresses from each of the differ
ent ranks, from the Princess Augusta
down to the untitled Miss Gosling. In a
rapid glance at this brilliant assembly of
ladies (as they appear on paper) we
were particularly struck with the modes
and unostentatious dress of the Honora
ble Miss Olivia Strutt,
JV. Y. Statesman.
The Princess Augusta—Over a petti
coat of rich white satin a most splendid
robe of gold lama entulle, richly covered
with wreaths of laurel encircling the this
tie, below which was a deep border of
matt and brilliant gold entwining (he
shamrock, the whole terminated wi ll a
magnificent garniture of the full blown
rose-en-or ; the body ami sleeves of xbe
same superb lama, ornamented with a pro
fusion of the finest blond and gold tas
sels ; the man eau en lulle lined with
white satin, and covered with the emblems
of England, Scot and, and Ireland, in re
fulgent and nmtt gold. Head-Dress,
toque of gold, with a superb plume of
ostrich feathers, and a magnificent dis
play of the finest brilliants.
Dutchess of Newcastle—A lace dress,
superbly embroidered with a mixture of
silver and steel, producing the effect of
diamonds i train of azure blue, richly
trimmed with silver. Head dress, fea
thers and diamonds.
Marchioness of Conygham— A magnifi
cent tissue train of green poplin, (the new
manufactory of Ireland,) entirely cover
ed with shamrocks of gold woven in the
poplin, a broad border embroider* d
round ; the train in gold flowers; petti
coat of tulle and *atin, embroidered all fl
yer in gold.
Countess Lieven—A magnificent dress
of silver lama, the arrangement of design
quite novel ; the front, or apron, beauti
fully drawn to represent a bouquet of
fl <wers, composed of bright and frost-sil
ver, round the bottom of which, being the
-ame pattern, and the whole being so mas
sive and costly as to be oppressively hea
vy to her Ladyship. Head-dress, feathers
and diamonds.
Right Hon. Lady K. Stewart—A dress
if tulle, superbly embroidered with gold
iama, intermixed with ponceau crape, and
(rimmed with blond; train of grosde Na
ples, trmmed ponceau and white satin
Hon. Lady Boston—A net dress, richly
embroidered in white, over a petticoat of
i white satin, the robe of rich figured silk
it white and green, tastefully trimmed
with net and green satin; tbe body and
sleeves finished wi*h handsome point
lace. Head dress, toque of white satin,
ornamented with pearls and diamonds,
plume of ostrich feathers.
Lady Mayoress—A white net dress,
richly embroidered with white leaves in
strips over satin, blond lace ; flowers taste
1 ally ornamented with beautiful bouquets,
composed of hyacinths, primroses and
moss ; white satin train, trimmed with
blonde, net and flowers to correspond
with pet'icoat. Head-dress, a most beau
tiful |dume of feathers and diamonds.
Lady Gage—A French white satin
dress, riclijy embroidered in stars of gold
and steel, the border of great depth, with
netted work in gold, trimmed with shells
of llie same, below with sprayt of steei
and gold intermixed, finishing with a van
dyked border, beautifully interwoven with
the steel, giving a most brilliant effect ;
body and sleeves to correspond ; train of
gold sprigged net, trimmed with a hand
some gold fringe. Head-dress, a superb
plume of white ostiicli feathers and a
profusion of diamonds.
Hon Mrs. Leigh—A splendid gold la
pia drees over while satin, ornamented
with blond ; mameauuf white satin, with
border of gold lama and dead roses.
Head dress, feathers and diamonds
Mrs- Pennant—Blond dress, ornament-
with bunches of Camilla japoniea ;
tram of neb figured grosde Naples.
Head-dress, a plume of feathers.
Miss and Miss M Gosling—Elegant
dresses ot embroidered tulle, over white
sunn ; garnitures of tulle, intermixed
with white roses. Manteaux and robes of
ncli pink gauze, tastefully ornamented
with tulle and set in. Head-dresses, fea
thers and diamonds.
From the Supplement to the Encyclopedia
Bntanuica,
Ctanioseo^.
Dr Gall arrsnges the faculties of the
mind with their corresponding organs, ac
cording as they relate to the feelings and
le intellect: the first class comprehend
ing the propensities, all of which are com
mon to men or animals, and the senti
ments, which constitute what the French
denominate TAme, and the Germans Gg
“I* 1 xh f second class comprising
the faculties by which we acquire know
ledge* op the kwwing us he terms
1 i anc * V * so refecting faculties
which last compose what the French call
'^ e ® crin&ns Gheist, and what we
snou 1 Jjgenerally understand by the term
intellect. He finds that the organa of those
faculties which men possess in common
* ,l “ Bnimals, ire situated towards the ba
»is and the back part of the brain, while
those of the superior faculties, which are
peculiar <to man, are placed somewhat
higher; and the organs subservient to
the intenectuai faculties, occupy exclu
sively the forehead. The total number of
special faculties Is thirty-three, a» a»y he «
seen by the following enumeration. <
J. Os the faculties common to men and t
animals, the first is that physical propen- s
sity which has for its Anal purpose the
continuance of the species. The cerebej
ium, a part which occupies the lowest si i
tuation in the efcccphalon, is affirmed to i
be the organ, the actions of which give I
rise to this propensity. Accident led Dr.
Gall to this discovery, by his noticing the
size of the back of the neck, in a lady,
whose char&c'er, in respect to this passion
was not equivocal; and subsequent obser
vation on an extensive scale, both in the
human subject and in the lower anim
als, have abundantly confirmed him in
his opinion. The following are the lead
ing arguments on which he has rested it.
First, the great size of the organ indicates
the importance of the function to which it
is subservient, and there is no cause, ex
cept the existence of such an organ in
the brain, that is art* quale to account fop
this propensity. The function of copula
lation takes place only in those animals
which have a nervous mass or cerebellum.
Throughout the whole class
eds, the neck of.tfie male is thicker than
that of the female, as may be observed
particularly in the bull, the ram, and the
stallion. It is also remarked, that vigorous
pigeons are distinguished by the size of
their necks. Wounds of the neck have
been observed by Hippocrates to produce
erot c excitement Apollonius Uhotlius,
in speaking of the love of Medea, repre
sents her as suffering a violent pain in
the back of her neck. Spirituous fric
tions on the neck in hysterical fits are
very useful. Lastly, the position of the
cerebellum is supposed to prove its de
stination. After hunger and thirst, no
function is more necessary than that of
propagating the species. This function
is the roost common in animals after nu
trition, and the cerebellum is in the in
ferior part of" the head. Hence it is prob*
able, that it is destined to the proper.sity
of propagating, or that it is, as Dr. SpuPr-.
heim expresses it, the organ of umutiven
ess.
2. Philoprogenitiveness, or the love r>f
progeny, the Storge of the Greeks, has its
rear in those convolutions of the brain si
tuated immediately above the bind part of
the tentorium, and corresponding, there
fore, on the outside of the skull with the
crucial spine of the occiput. Dr. Gall bad
observed a distinct protuberance on this
part of the head in women, and comparing
the skulls in li‘s collection, found a similar
elevation on tile skulls of children, and on
' those of monkies. During five years he
was in search of a faculty that was common
to all the subjects of those observations,
and was in the habit of suggesting this
difficulty to bis auditors; at length, a cler
gyman who attended, observed that mon
kies had a great attachment for their pro
geny. The Doctor pursued this idea, and
found that it applied perfectly to the ob
served appearances, aa the developement
of this part coincided always with the en
ergy of his propensity. In animals it is
i generally larger in the females than in the
males of the same species. This rule
holds good in the human subject, although
' it is liable to occasional exceptions. In
negroes we find this organ more promin
ent than in Europeans. In the cuckoo,
the crocodile, and other animals, to whom
nature has not appointed the office of
i rearing their progeny, this organ is ex
tremely defective. The crime of infanli
i cide is more likely to be perpetrated by
; rnotlrersin whom this organ is deficient in
size; and accordingly out of 29 women
who wrre guilty of this crime. Dr. Gall
found 25 who had this organ extremely
small. On the other hand, a female, who
■ being seized with delirium during child
birth, imagined that she was pregnant
[ with five children, was found to have this
organ unusually large. !
3 The organ of Inhabitiveness, or the
, propensity, which some animals, such as
, the chamois and the wild-goat, have to in
habit high situations, is placed still higher
iu Hie occupU than the former, in a line
i preceding towards the top of the head
In animals of the same species which live
in low countries, we do not meet with an
i equal degree of protuberance in this part
i of the brain, as is observed in |hose who
l prefer living in elevated and mountainous
districts. This is seen even in the rat,
some varieties of which choose for their
i dwelling corn-lofts or the higher parts of
a house, while others prefer living in the
cellars. This faculty is not very active
in man; but Dr. Gail conceived, that it
was in him allied to pride and haughtiness.
Dr. Spurzheim, however, disclaims this
doctrine, ns he thinks it impossible to
confound the * instinct of physical height*
with the moral sentiment of love & pride.
4. The organ of Adhesiveness, or the
propensity' to attach ourscivds to persons,
animals, or other objects, is situated on
eacli side of the former, immediately un
der the tamb/loi/lul suture, and gives a ful
ness to the lateral and posterior part ol
the head. This organ is the source of
friendship, moral love, society, marriage,
and attachment of ail kinds. Dogs have
it in an eminent degree ; especially ihose
races, whose fidelity and constancy are
characteristic, as the terrier, spaniel, and
lap-dog. It is less prominent in the butch
er s dog, the greyhound, and mastiff. It
wasvery large in a notorious liighwayman
at Vienna, distinguished equally as a rob
ber and a friend, and who chose rather to
die, than to betray his confederates.
5. Combativeness, or the propensity ta
fight, results f.om the opera ion of an or
gan, situated immediately behind the ears
on each side, at a part corresponding to
the posterior inferior angle of the parietal
bone, and behind the maistod process. —-
It is the seat of anger as well as of pugna
city ; and its locality is fully eslub fished,
in Dr Gall’s estimation, by an extensive
series of tacts. His first discovery of the
seat of this faculty, was from his observa
tion ot the head of the Austrian General
Wurmser; and it was subsequently con
firmed by the experiments we have al
ready mentioned, which he made on boys
he had collected from the street. The
breadth ot the occupit is a criterion ot" -K*.
Spirit and-coimgr* us worses, Cfc. The
bull-dog and pug dog are in this respect
superior to the mastiff. The hvarna is
Strongly contrasted with the hare i and
the guinea-hen with the robin red-breast
6. Destructiveness, ot the propensity to
destroy in general, but more especially to
destroy life, has its seat just above the
ears; the prominence of which part will
account for the strange pleasure which
some people take in killing and torment
ing animals. in seeing executions, and for
their inclination to commit murder. A
mong animals, this iostJ.net for blood is
strongly marked in they arnherous tribes,
especially in the lion, the tiger,.** ,|
ers of the feline tribe; and the bread-. S
their skulls in this part shows nsfa,-, I
size of this organs, compared with til b J C 1
theif victims, the. sheep, the treat 'I
hare; The beads of murderers have d
neral been found to possess a v? s ibK
mmence at this place. When th e ba.ldr
ferocious robbers and. assassins ukT*
long infested the lefi banks of ifa. o, *
under Shinderhanns, had been
a number of them executed, Dr. GaL to
this organ strikingly developed mu
heads ot these banditti. This propensi
is frequently strong in children. i„ kj lOi
and m madmen Us object, in the i„ vt
animals, is evidently to 'procure the fj
on which nature destined they should li|
yet some animals kilt more than is ne J
sary for their nourishment. In man i
propensity presents difierent depet!
activity, from a mere indifference to■
pain of animals, to the pleasure of
them killed or tortured, or even the *
imperious desire to kill. Dr. Galich
this faculty ntinfer ljut Dr. Sporz£
thinks it produces the propensity toty
troy in general, without determining
object to he destroyed, or the maiiin
destroying it. » It gives,” says lie, \
propensity to pinch, scratch, bite,*
break, pierce, devastate, demolish,
burn, massacre, strangle, butcher, 4
cate, drown, kill poison, murder, a%
sassina’e ”
7. Qanstructiveness, the propensity
build, or the disposition to the meclnity
arts, is indicated by the dtvdopemcii,i
the brain at the temples. Dr, Gall fc„
tins to he toe case in great mechmyt*.
architects, sculptors, and designers'*
also in the skulls of tire beaver,
field-mouse, and rabbit, which corn*
habitations. Hares, on the contrary,tty
lie in the fields, have this organ defeat
although in general they resemble rabbi
He possesses the skull of a milliner a:I
enna, who had a good taste, and pjifet
1> understood the art of changingx
forms of her merchandizes; in this
the organ in question is prominent, l
by means of tins faculty that birdsia
nests, savages huts, and kings paki-
It produces also fortifications, shim;
gi es of war, manufactures of
furniture, clothes, toys, &c. Theresa
lady at Paris, who, every time sit q
pregnant, felt the greatest propensyi
build. The excessive size of diisKj
may lead a man to ruin his family bybq
ing, or 10 coin fa se money,
8. Cuvetiveness, or the propensitytu
yet, gather and acquire, without dele?
ing the object to be acquired, or them
net of acquiring it, has its organ situ
1 at the temples, on the anterior -inferior
1 gle of the parietal bone This faci
■ gives a desire for all that pleasesh
■ ney, property, animals, servants, land,l
■ tie,or any thing upon earth. -It prodi
i egotism and selfishness, and may, 1
abused, lead to usury, plagiarism, so
. or theft. The instinct of stealing, its
sorted, :s not always the effect of bad
i cation, of poverty, idleness, or the w
religion and moral sentiment. This!
says Dr. Spuizlieim, is so generally
1 that every one winks at a little theft
1 milted by rich persons, who in oilu
- spects conduct themselves well.
, 9 The organ of Secretivenest, or
1 propensity to conceal, or \o be clamlti
f in general, is situated in the middle if
side of the head, above the organ ol
■ propensity to destroy. Dr. Gall fin'd
served this organ in a person who Into
1 ny debts, but who had the address to»
1 ceal ids resl situation, so that the crtal:
1 could haye no knowledge of each
He ascribes to this faculty cunning,!*
• dence, the savetr faire, the capac.r 1
- finding means necessary to succeed, fp
crisy, lies, intrigues, dissimulation, nfl
1 city, falsehood; in pods, the talent oifin
ing out interesting plots forromanesa
dramatic pieces; and finally, thequady
1 slyness in animals, as in the fax aid l
cat, who conceal their intentions, anJ a
■ clever in hiding themselves
To the second genus of the order
feelings,"hamely. Sentiments, belong I
! following faculties:
1 10. Se flare, or sef-esteem. Ur- *
first noticed this organ, which lies in •
1 middle of the upper posterior point oft
i head, in a beggar, who stated dial li* l
, reduced to Ids present condition by
■ pride, which made him neglect hi*) 1
ness. The animals endowed with tk>
gan, are the turkey cock, peacock, 1*
i*c. Dr. Gall thought this 01 gan thei
as that of the faculty which makes c*
animals dwell upon mountains; buj
Spurtheim, as we have already
draws a line of distinction between tl
The too great activity of this faculH
the cause of various ab’iscfa 39 fj,
haughtiness, disdain, coijijempV* Pj e9 &
lion, arrogance, and insolence* *‘ lti
o.'it disposes to humility
11. J.ove of Approbation. Persons .
of die good opinion of others, have the
per posterior and lateral parts of the b,
much developed. This may he called'
organ of ambition,or vanity, according
•he object, which may be of various ki-
A coachman endowed with this laciltji
pleased if his manner of conducting l wl |
be approved; and a general w el ; l ,£l S
lie he applauded by his nation, for k» l “J
his army to victory. This (acuity is |nl
active in women than in men, and even
certain nations more than in others
women become mad from this cause 1“
men.
12. Organ of Cautiousness . Tu° fj
sons at Vienna were known to be rt«*
able for their extreme irresolution
day, in a public place. Dr. Gall s
behind them, and observed their li £lJS '
He found them extremely larg e °L
upper posterior part of both sides»
head. Hence he derived the sis
of this organ. Circumspect animsi*
as the stag, roe, pole-cat, otter
mole, and those which place sentu**
warn them pf approaching danger
cliamos, cranes, starlings, bm L
have this cerebral part much devei ?
This faculty produces precaution,
demurs; and, in general, exnlsim**"'
«»Uy ••fake care f" It considers
quences, and produces all the hrmtiw
expressed by but. When
produces uncertainty, irresolution,
etness, anxiety, fear, melancholy, j
chondriasis, and suicide. Dr. t*‘l
this organ more strong'y markeu * n
dren than "in grown persons. _
The organ of Benevolence in T]
meekness in animals, is situated o» •* \
penor middle part of the forelieacA
most animals it is restrained to a *
goodness ; but, in man, its sphere 01
tivity is very considerable, j
the social virtues, or, in out word,
tiasi charity.