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Surveying with the feelings ol an Anier!' , !'i | •*
«S« actual ci.uluit.irof things, Isl.ould . e 1 J “
be rlu» imeil lo exchange all tins blc/smS 1 * " p
tho rolecting system Im* produced, ~
Ne.v England. for those which it has a” • ], ini .
In lhoj.l ice of the splendid village*. ' | j j
martu facto, ies, join. slock ro.m.amc, f
»n :
£'Co?»,7»-~ : “ C rs" : “ 1
ha*« hccn ,lea'll.>y«j. 'll" morchwiln which have
beon reduced lo bankruptcy, the «a.10.« hat :
have so. red into 10. tign service, tlm lun- j
dered ploughmen an I bfiffff »ro«I yeni»an> > # " s ‘° J
have been <i«iveu fiom the m»»uila of tool •
j,,,!,;.* into i!if gloomy wall* of a inmiu facto y ; i
civ i! me buck liioxe, and, above all give ,r,r
back content— < c*loie tho pooo and h irniony
whicll tliin «y«tcm has de-lroy ed, and I will con
sent that every inntiuficuriii? rHtabli.huicnt
shall be raZod lo it* foundation, \vlilt*'» has !>«*•• n
built up, and can only bo misbiin.d, by tin* •
curao i *y*lom. Sir, il Woaldi woe llm higm*-'
good of a nation, and pocuina y pridh tin; oidv
rliudrd by winch a wi-e policy could be ohm
sured. il would nvon then bo morn than on
liontible, bow far tin* system could bo j’i**tili d
Hut there are bigbu and rnoro sac o 1 • nn ipb*
involved in tide question, which cannot be naloly
•disregarded ; liiuro mo con nlor.diooH ol justice,
and political o quality, which • ’*« bn above a.I
calculations of mine profit and loan, r « \\ fint
will it pro lit you. if you gain the whole woil*.,
and lose ilih bean* of your pen lo ? I ,llrt .** “
confederated cove; lunciit, (minded on » h l , ii it c#l
mutual con cilia i ion, concession, and cunipro
niiie; an I it i* in. ither a just, pi in lent, nor • i ol
ful exercise of tins high bust with winch you a '
invented Ibr l|ie oo union good, to omi I to a
eynloin ofleginlatiou by winch hem liiwidvl but
tnuna uiO unequally cb*tiibnled. Sir, cm any
gentleman look tins subject btiily in ibu face,
and not patC< ivn lb it such H guvo Will ® 111 #s till •
(instituted so. a few dofioiln , in*, -use*, in vvbnb
every poilion ol tin; Union must, lom the vey
fiatinu of things, have a common Inleiest) cm
not turn aside font iliei. high dude.*, ami undm -
lake lu control tbo domestic industry ol indivi
dual*, without undermining the vey bunt,
lion* of oil* iej übbc.an system. It is contrary
to tbo whole genius and ch/tractor of o.n nistidi
lion*, the vmy foiin inni st nciilieol ou gove o
jnoiil, that ii slioul I undeilaku I » ognlah; \ bob
Jdm ami capital of ibis cxi* novc coutiiry. A
pciH"venmeu m ibis course will .s »w the Pc ct's ol
disHt'iiMon broadcast lb ongboiit llm bind, uid lei
it bo •miiemb.Ted, dial disco d is not a Iml c’
ilo'v gro\vi?i. but oim ditt tlonrism h in evo \
noil, 111 1 M ve flils lo *IO due., i«s fill i d«u
season \VIi i ? * •ncc'.ici* i’ ) m v i •- -* \
lubit to llio world 1 A I •». , . I j
lo\v-cili/.cnß, believing llieiiiHelvr* lo i
vously o Missed by an unwise and un* omuitu
tiornl nyaieni, a.o i liiinoimg at y ut dooi* fi
justice*, wliilw uuuiti i ( ■ .
they are enjoying udi boiuii< « •
tieatirig lb i coinpl uiith wil l; * i and con
tempt, (iud only knows who .. ibis is in
end. Hut, n, “ will not, and it vm t come to
good.” Wo at tim .South still cull you our Inetb
ren, and bavo eye cherished to* t » you t‘u
stiongeht feelings of all’eclioii; but worn you dio
biOthn.R of oil; blood, so wlitun %v e would coin
on. hearts, it i* not m liuuiun uatu.e l! a v\ «
sbould long continue lo retain so you undiinm
islied it lf ciion, when all bo e• t’ »ed ess hb i
have missed away, and vve sti dl continue to 1».
lievo dial you are vi-iting w with a liaul ;>nd
cm I oppression, am* enforcing a .old, heartless,
and Hellish policy,
islnilnow proceed, Mr. I'iiksiuknt to ex mu
iso the charm Ur of th< praicrtinu mf*tnn. Ami
here, ) shall assume, that llio pioieetion it i \
ten.la to the American in nmficlnres is nnne
tiling substantial* and alfords Home advantage,
he it
inme or less, to the piolected inlnicsH. II
shall t he it for g anted, that it is ml* mb u lo
enable llm American inamilaclu.e»s t«i eiPm into
llial slice Os sl'u I competition with the hoeicn,
which they eonld n.*f do without such p'olcction:
that the effect of tbo system is lo enable die
A.iimicaii manufacturer to obtain more lb In.-,
good* ill.in bo could oilnr wise comm md. In a
Word, that it affords Kiibsfantial ( n»tcc*ioii, mid
is not like that extended to cotton —a ineie
inline. For, on this lallei point, let it’bo re*
imunbered, that the li si cotton pnnlnciul m tins
count 1 y found aminkct alnond; and that, even
How, nearly the whole of it is disposed of in la»
rope, whore it maintains a successful compel!
tiou ng nnsi nil (In woild. It i* idle then lore,
to talk ol die bein tit of a p oleciing duty to coi
lon, ut home. It \* beyond idl disoiite, Sir, tb.it
d any duty hn ntressan/ to /notciUan, it cun on
ly because it rumbles the in undbclnuu to
sell his goods lb mo o4iiail he could nllieswise
obtain so diem. Now. m this view of the sub
bn ». Id us si*-. J»uw due uestimi will st.md.—
llow mu i syeii a syst -ip > erat* . » nisi , on die
dilb n interests, .in m*:« ovm v, m be .i ll » .
sections of die count y f \\ . will ih.uiu;". t!i ’
it t*i u' i maindaei i e ciintiut be j rode* «l m
tlie • o iii' v, wi ‘ in fifty ,er rent, as eh* a 1\ i
h*mit», ns tlie sumo a ti le could he obi.dm »’oi
ultvoad ; ami ilia, a duty wlecli, with dm •>'.
► bnuld be n ami to dionl lit* s n 1 r» nf. s .!»
Holm• |\ necess ity *o tut odm «• ,m>( hts.<sfa:a it
huch » dn'y must o e alt* as u fa r "ii . ve* v • b
nr cl.is>’ in ibo community, ib tin 1 »■ • *i.• lii of
niniiiil icimet; ami so » i i*» 1 <«• mi s
not la lexeme*, but ttp.cclio'i, would be a
double tax Su ose the n i!u«* of tbo o n*d
a Ucle to boa million of «U»H \. *, the duty *\ ouhl
be b ill i million . ami if tie* i oh'ction aniounicil
to an e u d sum, boro would be a lax o a mil
lion of doll i‘ s imposed n *»u tin* whole <eopb*, lo
seen ea bounty ol lialfu million t*» one portoui
<»f die' . Hut it is said tin* bounty is not < ••n
lined to the in imil'aclmo.s,—that other classes
jm lii iaate. 1 admit that thorn is a ci* >!e «*m
braced within the tango of tin* ni .iinf'.etn aig
mllueii e. that janlake of the b m*ii;s of tin* »>•
tern. I i triors, in the neiglihoihood, who sup
ply >b* opuittuvos with Ibod—nicelmmes, who
constim l the buildings mi l nnulnm v—* .e gy.
moil, pi.yslfttans, biwye s, and others,\\ b. m .lo
lip a maiiuf.u tu big vill iee, ail come m lb *.
4tlni*o of din gains, and cunsiim'o, in t’.«•?, //<*
pnrtwttuf class, \\ liirli enjoy tbo l>,*n. fits of’ d *
sy ’lout, but all other «das* s in dm eoaimuni \
luu-t nbvmiisiy bo lint im lor coni ibutoei, t •
rnako Unit a > ofitabie, vvlm ii would ithe u is*
be an unprofitable pursuit; ami m the eis * as
suined. Would be taaod to tin* amount of one
million of.lulla s to Horn, c to tin* lavored cl.is
a bounty ol hilt a million. N.«.v sn .po.«»*, .
modi a system as this to he extended to «l| th*
cotbma, \v oollcns, it on. mid Mii/ar, in i m m an*,
oonntty, and wo will take tint count y t*. lie the
U. Stale*. We Will suppose furdmi that .* i
tons coiibl not be profitably nmnnf'.cline.l with
out a protecting duty off oin iw* in* live to an
hundred :or cent —woollen* fiom |b ty f, V) (~
two hum! ed per cent.—i on from on* imndrcu
and lu two bandied nor cent. —sugar from om
bun.be ilo one buml.ed and liftv po • cent, am*
that the-o duties wore ;n Co. dingly i»ii| OStd on
tlp Hi* si v*»ial irdolcs, (nmountiiig in tbo whole
1° f b« sii ii of mno millions of dollar amumlly:)
that, in con*.* ,u«mce of these duties, the pint, *•
t!";m»n ali dm cottons luanufaclu ed in the conn
tty w , . • nil to th*(*e cents iya d. and anmimt
I ’' *' enhons of dolla s per an:: im,— l\ 1
b*us o nillb*»ns —iion tonne cm—,nn
811 !' "'on >%\i a bdf— p odu* g as the h*
film Ot die wliulu Hystom, a tax of nine
on llic h> eijjn article lo secure a bounty of s,\-
teon millions and a half to the home ni.ineibctu
or*. 1 have >u .;.o>ed protrc.wn' to he the cx i
elns.vo«bj :t of this system and it then clcai lv i
follows ill t d other won I. be faxed »
t w nty nv" tnillmns of r* er annum, in or- i
Jor tow . . t M ..roieeiion ..I .
sutpo.i mtlho.-. Ilu> lUvermuom woul.l, i„. s
.t.mvu it, nuo millions: hu> ii would lia I
•■vot.s.n «r 111.. ev.U ol il.o s V s„ !m , ,| ial s
ll : . aoiKit slmull bo loviort wl,r n n ica- not I
wuhu.l, in <• ... io Km-uialhi! ptoicrlod t -l i
.ii tliuir in. no oly. The ,aie« of dm,,* xv ., iull
* " ** u ; ,e ’ •». lamed, am (hneo now acUullv I
inipcsoj ou me led a.licirs; (jmd wliioii
it Is propound to retain ns csscnti d to proteclior*
and the amount of tbo protection enjoyed by
[JlanUfactuiCiN is stated at tbo ve;) lowest tb
fa* ever been estimated by any poison who !i ■
Lindert.ikcn to exarn.oe the imb jeot. If you su
<»so half of the dutv her*; staled lo bo rieccs*
ry for revenue—tins would not diminish lb
weight ol the bmdr n though it would lessen lo
tli .t extent tin*, injustice of the lax,—and lot gen*
llernen make what do lueiinn* they lease, eitn*
r from the duty imposed or the bounty received,
and it will make no ditlcrenco whatever m the
principle. Whether it be one million or twenty,
just so fir as the system m prutcctirc in its cha
aeler, and im uses .»ny tux u on the (deign in *
lielo, and afVord* any pioteclion wlutever to tin*
domestic, is th system a lax imposed upon the
other classes to render p ofitabln tbo im(n-i') oi (
the nriiMii’actii e **. And wln*n thin lax auionuts,
j*. it m. nestiufia'dy does in the c.iso b*.*|o • u<,
at llio very lowest ostimute, to twenty or Ibniv
mil'ions u year,it becomes a scheme ut m mst.*»'i ■.
•• jushco and oppression. No.v lo! u- ! »ee tu.->
sy-tem one s'c ( . farther. Hu pose such a sy* 'em
applied to a count yof a h.mioi*t moil* • 1; *• •• • -
ie , with the h oik* capacity so: m.mut utm «»g
. ve y where, mid that m uni utn ni;l » 1 ih!:-ii
in *iits should cons *'|uent!y b a e ,n dly «* •1 1 *i-* •• I
throtiL’b every section. File ben* li:* aiM tb *
Im: t hens of the h) »leln would, in Mjcfi a « ane.l.dl
e pn!ly noon eve y pot lion o tbo count y ,
though not u on the dill cut interests ol l!ie
Side. It has been said I but if ibo p»oliis ut
muiulhclurei we o raised by sneli u system,
aliuvu lb*; aver'ago of tbo piolils ol the whole
•auiimtinity, that the labor and eaj itmi uliso !<•;«]
m ehe, pursuits would flow into the new cm*
.dovimmt; and licit the whole would ultimate
iy be equalized. Admit that in process ofinne,
tin rnigiii n- the insult; ye! u could not lake
place at once, because men cannot liansfer .it
bnistiro tbeii labor an t capital t.oiu ibeii tic.
ciistoined . ursuits tooiheis. Hut it' tbo piolits
nlioilid be t u-tilltm tcly epi*l/• *1 m a a. U» n
lir ' oinmiimiy ; yet n tVa: I \ •».e*i ; n, -*iit.s was
only r* mleied proliiahle by tie p oteclion« xlen*
dial t*> it it is clear 1 1mt ihe scheme would re
sult in an a u orr>jnti /<;>.*»/.# ih> irlo/,- rum rut. mlij
—« mil to tin; full amount nftbe hounty.
i luivn a HSU iii'il the case ■> an nn olilable
pill Mill! be : llg r* ndnied j lolilable by lia: prote(;l
mg svsleni —fi to any oibei ca-e the system I-'
übolly nit Ii dde. Iftlie dcm- slit* niaiiiilae
lure, can in k In-* goods a* ill *u, ly and su,., Is
he done • t*f in trk ion as Ihvo aide terms a
li ev could be ol»: jed from abroad, //mi it jh
* 'im* I hut no prot* * "on wli a lev e. w oil 1.1 tie lie
“* v. It may !) that in the vmy iiifancy ofu
'.ufietii c, nn its li si in to an -tiou into a eoun
a small p.oteclion lor a vhoil time might
j i m its ,dvaiieeuieiit, but »< most, the with*
i ‘ of sneli j'lolei'lion, could have no olh*
nto delay its iutiodm (ton fort» l> s\
ye i s—for - cxihi.uicc ••• any count y, d nn
oin loyed cap t il, and individual sagacity am
-uill.**.oo to til.eel it . Utlflidy,
•ml • - ou |v id t<» the illl rodu** :»u it .\ei \
hr nidi of man Jar/incs, for wlmli :-»udi coi ni >
was .eally p.e i c*l. Hut this slag** of infancy
0 • •• j.iih-«e*l, it is ri'i oMeio'i* lo talk <»1 tin: n
ees-oly ol’protecting any a ne'e th .l can icaip.
be made as * li • a 1\ at home as it can heoht.tin-
I I *un broad— and lo mskci'l, llml lo ie*luc«
■e !» ‘otecdon to fivei.ty o ltd ty ju, cent.,
Would he iiniious to any m.mu. o«u **, is to ud
'lot Ul once, that su. !l a tide e.muol lie i .ofllubiy
made at liom**, md cons ;*;iii*r»l ty that it canon
ly In* susl oued at lhr. tx, *’n>** ol the otlie. into, ■
e-ds m the ciuiiumnity. Now, Hir, I t us Mi t
i'OSi* unulher ease, and it is imh *, | iiy the ve y
cme which now i v. is in llm I hut* I Htales.—
A e Will nil • oHf* ii ex’etisiv e * <acidy, ol vvidcii
one j o t m i* is ri • hj a and m*
■ . pab e of cb.*n :uiji Us j nrntil*, ami that the
. her jmilion einh. . .* u illnn its limits, ail th.
iit an ll l;t( I( jrt s and m.inuiactuiing caj aciiics oi 1
the \* hoie count.y. l b* bounty woulu thou b*
*x* lu ively enj »y Iny om tlum, and the olh
m would hli i o on y in the Im. (bens of ifn* My*
tern. 'I o make llio liuajlta Uy slip greater, it e
only m*.v*s.i,y *o suppose that flic ag.icniiiii.il
is no: mils in<*a able of in mu...; urmg at
liamc, but is prevented by uimi « iable olistar leß,
1 M.u cmig •ih:>g oi ie.novmg tln-i. p o.cily to
’ln; mamitaetu. nig . egmn : that lli. ir indii.siry
can only bn ptolii.dnv employed in e.vcii anting
tlu'ir agi ictil nral pt odue* tons, I<».• tin* rvry /’an u
urtules w/tuh rnttr into ruinprUtwn u it/i tin
domestic mana/urtuns, ami which a*, b-avilv
bix *d for the j roleclioil (d llio lallei that l.ie
* lied o| such tax is n**i o ily to inter u, t ilej m
tei.am.se and impair the p.ofils of lb* ii* miluMi v
hut that llio ng. iciiltm id secltoa i< Ili«*i« bv e\
,H,, ‘l hi ’lu* i in; no nl h.t /.aid of having iiu;’tnar
kel for tliei odm nous * nfiicly cut off, and li
u id, to cap • hi* ci.nux *ri ni ivjipm nr. am.
ol'l*kkhhlUN, ill:.l llm taxes i- \.. .. u the |n.ci"i.
• tides, me expended .tiniest c\. Su • t \ m iti.
' oed• eg ion, aal you then have, M i* : , *._>!
l‘t N| It ' •' oh case ol the Souths, read •. i
• lore yon. ib hr |<11 suits . . allog • u,,. ~h ,
• u.tiir.it —th y cannot Ii mge bc.i— tin s * ain.ol
~,,' *fer tin ir iabo and ea ; till to ibe favmed re
' :i —tin y cannot fin i i market for then , .o
i a i»h. e\ee *t by e\f!» an Jpug 'ln. in Id die trrt/
nimiul.n tun s \ fu i taxed almost to
lotululion, and I. e taxes tints raised a t ex
• *(i• Io«I m oilier Hnetien*. I* llio:o a man m lln>
* --cmlily who can !<v Ins fiand u; ou Ins In*a, t.
•ml s.iv dial it is i just and e u.il system f It
i civ !*e s ud, bow \ er. Ilia: all (his is uieicly the
' e-llb ol oil pel* • 1 I* Child I' f afld (lie n lime
'* nM n -ops 'is net so, Hi;. All \vc u«»k, is
u in* i.kt AI At \ r.. I,**, tv us to the fri. o enjoy
incut ol tin* bon 1 1. >of iu*a\ rit, and the advati
iages t)l our sni i’i.m, and vm» 110 „iore.—
ibit win* e h lb* jiisttuo and e ,u .lily ol a sys
ban of legis'alion \*. Im il is to make''proliiahle
the indus..y < l oilic-s by llm deslru* lion of *>nr
* 1 xx' ii f And by what , nlil i- u tli.it we a.e to
*i* made \i* tints lo the •es only oi'elbeis ! 1
w ill it. re bo row an idu-l ition, to inak** this
111 lit ipa n. * l'li eilliii*. u Slat, s snjtj ly tin m
m* ! \* s vvitli woollens, cotton, end hen, ] \ mis
mg cotton, lice, and lobar, o. Now, e M .
v\ .• should * x b inge a bale of cotton lot i bd.
•fcoiise Woollens, for ||,i> use ol on. slues
- oiilaimng, we Will say, a bniul *d ; i**ci s. Tin
bale ol cl*.tb is ou s. |* is tin* fni ‘of utr own
• dior, ol \uu* icau capital, and borne i«i < f list *\.
W e ina\ be s id to Ji u e niauufactu t .1 it, ik.i
uli tin; -pm tie an t iln- loon:, bin with the
loiigl, milt the Inn*. Now, Sir, wo \\ ill sn,»-
i o>e th.il a inutile:ii lit.iiiufaelii i r has, l>y tJi«*
lu ‘. l, «‘»ii ol an e ,u.il niuu.nt oflabor and capo
: '*du"etl a Mania, bale of woollens, „f .
um !y tile same •jimlity and value, in what te
v c.*t h the oi inufacluicr entitled lo be regard
*! J '' bbjnio'o favor than the plant** ! Does the
iM'igljt w hicli wo may have paid to tlm ship ou
t'c and tbo employ m. ni given to navigation,
entitle n* to less favor in the eyes of tin* govern
ment. Are tin; plough and the boe less V.\* »ed
m.'t.unients ol p.oduclion than the s t ind.'u .tul
:he loom ! IVifcet eiptality, Sir, would seem
t • toijui v that wo should, at least, ou tbo sum*
touting, and that, vvdielber these wool', ns une
wanted ’o, consiimf turn, or for sale, tin. v should
he subjected to exactly the same lax. Hut ho w
1 we treated by n just and paternal govern
Jem who e are tb, vve a e told, *;/„,//,/' „||
her chiblren ? O.n- ha!** of woollens m‘slo *• ed
at the custom house, and tb.ly j trees U te taken
out. as a tax to the gove inn ni, w lierebvou.
.-to. k ,* ieiiueed to sixty i ie.*es, while the* bale
'j m*'mubiclint*r is sees om all taxation. If
•t'so article* a e wauled so. our own consump
lion, vve ran consume but sixty j ieces; while
the nmnul icture. eluina his bun,bed piece*,—
l t lie gootls are wanted foi sale, vve have but
’’•My j ncesb) be converted into money, ot to be
exchanged fur othe- commodities; while the
manutactu.er has his hundred I'iocos tor this
smi.. i iirpone..; iV if \vc s-lum'.il h;\j | on.to im>ot it.
tna k. t, as tin- two articles must sell at thu
s um. | lice, hoing of the same .jimlity, U.o maim
luclu er will, of covi sc, realize forty pur cent,
um.o liian thu plainer.
Now, sir, what me we to do in this dilemma 7
How a.e wo to escape this uncxual burden ’
(To be Continued.Ji
r.At_
vvki)\’k«i).\y, FKimiiAiiy «2, ircis.
“ He. jutt, and Je.mr not.”
COMMUNICATE!;. 1
avasiiix«tos.»h muni-nw.
Tim Committee of Ar angements for ilia Ce- |
iilion oflhe 22<l of February, being thuCen- j
leimiM Anniveisa y ofllm lit tli-day of theilius- !
l i.ius W asiiinoto.v, announce t« tin; | Ulilie,lii ll u |
Fioccs-ioii will he f» umd, in font ofllm P. Slates |
| Hotel, at half put It) o’clock, A. M. under the |
I comm oil ofCa I, A. t i'iimimi, as ,M irshal ot :
I i!h! dav, and will inocecd fioiii tlieuco 10 the j
I* c-h tirri in I 'liu: i li, wlie: e, idler the usual re- j
prions .-xerciscs, dm I'armedl .{‘hiras will he
' n a,| In :»,. 1,. 1). potto, anti mi O ation deliver- j
rrl liy Acr.t’sTUK It. I.oxcsi nr i r, lisq.
( A- 11 - 11 ; 1 1, die IVu'i on cadi side ofllm centre
i aide, u ill he m b. , veil for die Military, and dm
l..i;i , lb. dm St. Cecilia Sucii;/, who have
i hindly eon.icntad to aid in the Celebration.
'I lie m der id procession will he an follows : ]
Volunlcnr Corps,
lienc.nl Office, s and .Staff,
Ollieors of die ('. States Army,
0,.d0' and Reader,
1
Rove.end Clei gy,
Ma"islracy of die City and County,
i Citizens.
A Fcdo-nl Salute will he fired at min-rise,
noon, and 'ini set.
' U . Revolution:! y Soldiers, and the M tgi-slra
I y of the City and County, are icspuclfully in
’ viled to join the piocossion.
f >ii:np.M) 'S RANK.
At on eleeiinn held on W ednesday, the l->di
jns| Vr. JoNAlti in I'm is,wits elected Teller of
the M ei h.iiiic’s Hank in this city.
Tin; mold u\.
We | oldish to dav, Iroin the I harlcston pa
- |in s, no aid" and interesting in tide in i elation to
this d.eadlid malady, read before dm Bond ot
' Health, in Charleston, by the I’iesidcnl, D -
I Thus. 1 , Sishi.'S 1 which wo lecommcnd lo the
aiten; ion ofllm i ('.'(dm.-—A morig dm vmintis pre
. itiliona v measures st-oken ol else where,is one
we have seen somewhere suggested, ofn mis
sion to England, and dm continent, In invest!-
; gate the nature of the disease, an I llis’nojior
| rcnicdics—to lie coin: used of Physicians, ol
, i onise, and a>|onto I by Congioa- 01 the Picsi-
Jen’, Should this measure he ado, led, we
think few ( ersons could he found, heller culcu
luicd to advance the objects of such a mission,
. dian our highly intelligent and respectable
townsman, Hr- Pact. P. P.ve, lately relumed
f nut Europe—and l oin Poland lo whoso late
unfortunate struggle for liberty, his service# were
gallantly devoted, till it again becamesubjected 1
to dm Russian yoke. Or. Kve was twice at
tacked l>v the Cholera, while in Poland; and his
valtiahh' cxpe.ienee as a sttfl'e i" , beside that nh
i jin' .1 1‘ hid his extensive professional p action,
in the \iov midst of dm disease, ns Csu goon Ma
|o: ofllm Polish A toy, niilst have endcro him
peculiarly ijmdified lo judge of the nature and
pro per treatment of it, and j aiticuUirly of the
.diulve nature and similaiitv of dial which now
i J
prevail# in England, and which, by many, is mu
, .idly belie' ed In he the Asiatic Cholera. The
1 able a, lido of I)', five's, in relation to dm Cho
lera, which wo copied a short lime ago, from
' the New Vo.lt pa, c.s, siilfteicudy developos the
attention lie ha- paid to the subject; and his ca
pability, as a h "lily intelligent and scientific Phy
sician. of doing the utmost justice lo an invest!
gallon of it, is, we presume, uu uicslionahle.
With ail dm advantages of a fine nalmal mind
it hlii" al education,few men, we , resume, h ive
over been mure ardently and enthusiastically to
, his profession, the study ol which, aftermost la
in), ions devotion to it at homo, was the object
of his visit to Europe. Thus, eminently quali
liiul, and ( osscssod, as he lias shewn himself, of
l courage to dare any poiil in the investigation of
die disease, we cannot hut ho, e, should the mis
sion spoken of ho upi united,that his valuable ser
, vices may hi: engaged in it.
While engaged in the Polish cause, his gallant
’ conduct and valuable professional)!!! services, j
; nut only rapidly advanced him two grades above j
, the commission he fust received,hut bought up
■ on him the particular notice of the hr we Com-|
4 mandor-in-Chief, Skr/yuccki, who conferred up- !
on him ihcl’oll.diCiossJ.if imlila y honoi, iV high- |
. ly com llinenliHl him, in his letter nceoinj anyaig j
it, for his professional services, his gallant bear- I
lug, and his devotion to the Polish cause. Ills -
, 'ingle J skill,and active attimliou to the wound
"d, ill dm Hospitals, after the late revolution in
Prance, at I r.. clcd the pailiculn notice and io
gar,! ol the Picnch faculty. And on his depar
buo lo Poland, Im was highly complimented, at
a meeting of the liicnds of Poland, in Prance,
fur his generous devotion of his services to the
Polish cause, as has boon seen by a resolution of
the meeting, tv lit. h wo piihlishcil sometime ago.
Mince w iling the altovo* we have (icon f.i
veie.l by tin intelligent Physician of lids com
mnnily, with llm following interestin'' extract
from (ioi’pit.'s K V, ostliou, by J, I’, Norr, JU. I)
Ch.iliua .Morbus is an extremely acute gustro
aoioi ilis, aniioiinccd by a scvme pain at the pug.
asirimn, extending often lo tho du st and abdo
men i obstinate von.iling of lulmns matter, to
which ordinarily a.c joined evacuations of the
same nature, and iiccem anied by very painful '
bn. sums: smallness and concentration ot i-ulso; !
in short, by all the symptoms produced by poi- i
soiling f.oni conosivo substances." We see it i
.oig,n iMidomically under the same circnmstmi- j
ecs as Ihe ether to; ms of gasl ■ o-ncturitis just ox- i
iitnim 1 ; like Ibcm h is caused by heat and mois- j
turf, by tlie miasm# spread limit places of in-j
feel ion: and like them also, it owes its ravages j
r run i: ally lo the stimulants lavished by Itrow n- |
ism,m these diseases,under ,u otext of leuicdy ing ■
tile asthenia lo which they are attributed.
No account of an epidemic is better calculated 1
to show ihe nature ol Cholera Mo: bus, the dan- 1
ger of stimulants, and the ha; py . lli-cts of anu
f.dogisties in its treatment, than lli .l contpiisiul
in the thisis of M. ISraviek, on (h.. epidemic i
which ravaged India in K-IT, and d -troved
more than six hundred thousand inhabitants, 1
This physician ol com so ’ assesses an imposing
mass of facts,enlightened by a knowledge of the I 1
hysiological doctrine, he has inter,eg .ted dead
bodies, compared tho alterations they have pro- !
senle.l lo him, with tho syoi; tutus observed du- !
ring life, and has been able to appreciate the j *
terrible eflbclsof the barbarous treatment cm- j J
ployed by tho obstinate Uruuoiiians who were ■
around hint. I 1
Cholera morbus is endemic in India: Its cxis- i '
tenee depn lids on the cold and the humidity fro- ! 1
ipucntly hi ought by the north winds, winch oxer- i 1
cisc a noWoi fu! influence on the poor inhabitants
who arc badly lodged, badly nourished, passm
the night on damp mats, or under open =.<enr. ,
where the cold is keenly f’d*. “ nd - c ®.’ ec ' i * '
du-ing the rains, produced by the north_wt 1 - i
•Ml these causes were reinforced in 1-1 <, vy •
'. ,r,t number of troops being b ought together I
i n, I’.cn-id, fu- the , urpose of combatting several .
| fmilan Princes; this largo army was surprized i
I I, v ii.ofmind calms and excessive heal#.
1 ireedcd, dining ti e night, by cold and liutmtlity. ,
Wo can conceive,” s .ys M. (iHAVit.n, “that ,
■ the disease re rdily took on the character ol an i
| epidemic, and even assumed the a pcaraitco <*f i
leonugion; for all these causes, joined to the
I ineiimi) attco esulling from « ‘mHec' l ”" "* ’>
1.. eat number of individuals, could not lad t > -•
S vein o point* of infection in ( laces vvocie men,
healthy or sick, were assembled together, am
i where attention to cleanliness, and measures ol
I nnldio svl'tbrity were necessarily neglected,
i ']'|„.i|. ci ciimslanees explain the great mortality
Which desolated Calcutta; this immense city is
] traversed by narrow streets, the houses are low,
i I want o .enings to establish currents of air—
‘thousands id individuals are hurled in these Umd
of hovels, where tho sun never penetiales; the
disease also committed less ravages in places
...moved font Calcutta. These foci of mlec
i liuii extended their influence to considerable dts
t mice ; font the army of Bengal, the disease
was ea lied to that on the coast of Malabar, an I
( nrn there as far as Madrass, and all the neigh
homing comit y. If we observe that it wasnot
l iinsinilted f otn man lo mail, without the inteet
area, and that it extended as far as Pondicln
• y, nut withstanding a very strong wind blowing
in a di cclion conta y to iis propagalion, wo are
lead in ihe conclusion, that the epidemic was not
contagions and that the nidus of infection can he
transported from one place to another by means
of tile calamities of war, and thus spread the
disease as long as the causes producing U
onimued to act. An inexpressible di Inr
(• banco in the economy, and .in the intellectual
functions marked tho invasion ot the disease in
many individuals , others were attacked sud
denly. and always at night. The following is a
pietn.e of the symptoms, presented by the
* greater tiinnhei*. in cndei of their ucvelopemcnl :
Vomiting of a lipoid fluid, sohietitr.es mixed
with wo:ins, and always with whitish mueosi
lies; nivino dejections without woiius, pulse
remarkable for smallness; severe pains ir« Ilia
stomach: alteration ol the features; eyes hag
gard and stink; agitation; longue red over its
. whole surface; llii.st; exasperation ol the sumo
symptoms soon follows; cold extremities; su
nine position; violent j ttins in the stomach, and
lower belly ; earphologia, cold-sweat, pulse al
most insensible, longue dry, spasm and oppres
sion.
T'eminent modified remarkably the march of
the disease. It' the aulophlogistic method was
followed, hardly waslliefi st bleeding practiced,
be to n the face of the patient expanded, p.evi
ons to tins he did not articulate a woid, and he
ilicn e.ied out, with an inexpressible accent, “ I
am sacul " Indeed, the tongue became moist;
the vomiting, alvinc evaluations and spasms di
minished, and sometimes ceased ; the second
bleeding produced, ordinal ily. a emission ol all
the alarming symptoms. Tin) , utienls e\|eii
onced then u desire local, which arose almost
to i h enzy, and, if their importunities were not
yielded 10, the symptoms immediately returned,
with greater intensity ; all succour became use
ess, tuey sank in the midst of the most hoirihle
I to. merits. Such, also, was the termination which
supervened almost constantly who e the disease
was ahatnlo ed to itself, ami cs; ociaily when
exasperated l>y a s.nmd . ing treatment. Tho
0 aeiialionsheeam ; mere feptott ail bo inges
la wore 'hen lejedt : , o. oven of.itbl not he
swallowed, Tho severity of the üb'ioiuinal
1 ains piodiiced at fi st anextiento agitation, ac
er.iiipiiiiieil by vioenl convnlsioiis, and drew'
from the patient the most Immutable cries; but
the violent stale was soon re; laced by | rostra
lion, aphonia, deli mm, carjiliulogia, coma, cold
extremities, and, at the same tmio, these unfor
tunate wretches experienced in llm bowels the
sensation of burning heat ; the pulse always
wed j: I late, became thready, and life was ex
tinguished. This c;ueldisease was terminated
ordinarily, in the space ol from one to three days.
In s. ile of llm dangui of opening bodies,
which, before getting cold, already exhaled an
inrltpmiit.ihlo odour, and whose decomposition
was very rapid, ill. thavior has not been deter
red lioin endeavouring to establish, by au ex
animation of the organ-, the inti iinmalo y na-
I turn of this disease, already suflii ietilly detuon
straled by ill.: symptoms and cfleet of the anti
: li: hlogislm and stimulating treatment, lie did
i not meet with any alteration in tho brain, or in
Mite organs of llm chest; he found the internal
ini.'inhi'im<! of the icsoj hugus inflamed, the car
j iliac orifice of a violet rod, the mucous mem
■ | briine of llm stomach, iu its whole extent, thick
' etied and of a gangrenous brown ; once only he
- found it ulcerated : it was easily separated from
Ihe muscular tunic ; lit! path nt had resisted du
ring tin oo days, lie lias seen the latter perfo
rated in an old woman, who had vomilted u a
number of worms; the duodenum presented the
same aspect as tho stomach; tho redness gra
| dually dec eased h the small intestine, hut all
j the traces of inflammation were manifested in
j ihe c.'ocn n and colon. The stomach and mtes
| tines were empty ; tho bladder plilogosed and
| animated, resembled a piece of tutu .led pared
j nieiil. In genet al, the appearand aof inilam
j nialion were, less appa eat in the bodies of ;,nr
j sons who died suddenly) and who had sunk ra
j lliur under the pain and intensity of convulsive
( spasms, than the disorganizaliou of viscera; nut
i ny Knglisli physicians have fiiuml invaginations
jin the small in I * sliue, Tho liver has riot ordi
n irily pifsoiuod traces of inll nnmation.
Prom all the tacts M. Hrvvikk justly con
cludes that tho Cholera Morbus, which ho has
observed, consisted m a high irritation of tho di
gestivn canal, producing al first, pains by its ex
cess, and often exhausted the Ibices and sensi
hilily, before having had time to iiso to llm do
g.ee of iiill i’jnn ilion, but which took in this
chinaclei in tho most evident manner, when
prolonged but for a very shod time.
M. < luAviKR constantly obtained the happiest
efl'ect from tho. anll|ihlogeslie treatment when
called In time.—At tho eommei cent' nt of tlie
disease, ho prescribed lice wat- r w ith gum, and
a small t;iianlily of acid, and glysios ofllm same
fluid—These simple means siifliced often to
calm the vuinitting and evacuations. If the
sym toms become moio intense, announcing the
progress of inflammation of the digestive mu
cous membrane, ho ha I recoil so to bleeding—
! is to he regietlcil that this ( hysician did not
resort to leeches; for local blood-letl ng would
certainly have had more happy effects than [ hlc
botomy. Ihe latter c innoi be used in cert in
j cases without danger; for when the i rilating a
gent has produced a gieat distil banco of ihe
' nervous system, w hen tinr sensibility is exhaust
j e.l by the pain, and the forces are concentrated
I 111 ’he irritated viscera, large sanguine deplo
, lions are often pernicious, moreover we know
i ’hat local blood-letting is much more efficacious
th in phlebotomy against inflammation of the mu
j cous nicinlnun.es.—At all events, M. Uiiavieh
1 assures us that ho has always seen the lattei pro- j
duce excellent effects.—lie confines his pa
tients, the first day, to an absolute diet; and as
’ho atuelio-alien wa’s as prompt, he says, us ■
doatli, an las the appetite was extreme ns soon
”# the symptoms had disappeared, he allowed
ricc-grue ; which most frequently completed
the euro. The patients thus treated, were or- ,
<fini. ily convalescent fiom the seeoml day, and
in a slate to lakn nourishment; and, on the
fourth day, they had recovered their health.
M- (iravicr traces a fiighlfui picture of the '
treatment adopted by the Eiiglish physicians in
this epidemic; it will not ho improper to present '
here, ,-m extract of it, for the purpose of show- '
ing how far tho errors of practitioners may he 1
carried, who have not been enlightened by phy- 1
siology, and who are still plunged in the ohscu- 1
rily of Immorulisin, allied lo the Still more rnur- '
derous theories of Crownism. ,
The ultra-marine Brunoni'ar.s publislieil a
manifesto in which they declared that the most i
dangerous character and circumstance ot tho i
disease, “ was tiie total want of Idle and acrid i
matters in the stomach and intestines, and tint
the principal end should he to reanimate the
hm-'uighing vital powers, to re establish the cir- i
culiition, to prevent the violent spasmodic con- ,
dilion, to re-establish the action of the stomach. |
Conseouently they p escribed under llie title ol
preservation, and a terward-q as curative means, I
a tincture composed of pimento, opium, cam i
phor, and cardamoms, inius din alcohol. Ad
the inhabitants were provided with this tincture,
decorated with the title of anti-spasmodic, or
tin)runs supporter, and tho use which they made
of’it as a pieventive, should he set down
niongst the principal causes of the ravages ol
the epidemic. When the symptoms of this ter
rible inflammation were manifested, they no
lunjre ■ limited themselves to their tincture ; the
stimulation it podneed was 100 feeble to satis
fy them; “ Huh the eppigastiimn,” they added
in their manifesto, “ with the oil of turpentine,
tincture of carlliaridos, and spirits ol cam hoi.
Foi the purpose of re-establishing the circula
tion, the action of the stomach and intestines,
and for overcoming the s asms, take
drops of litudanum In a small quan'ily ot spirit ■ I
mint: take then an opiate with fifteen g ains of
c. lurnel. Tim same dose may tie repealed as
many as four limes. It happens that the patient
falls into sued a slate of exhaustion, that the
pulse is no longer sensible: for the purpose ol
re-establishing! the vital powers, give strong
qnors with laudanum, other, calomel, and haie.
Here, as iho four quartets of the globe, adds
.M. Cravier, does not furnish new stimulants to
combat the pretended debility, the doses mid re-
I lit i t ions of ♦ho S*i 1 1 n • prescriptions ni o lull to
will of the i idiv du Is; and, as if the genius of
evil had rendered ail the physician l4 deal loathe
cries of nature, tho counsel of Madras eonclu I ,
cd by saying: “One ol the most prominent
symptoms of the disease is an ardent thirst, and
goat desire for Cold water; hut ice htirti itccid
ml, that it is a means of dost.notion which
would be fuflowed by p omul death : we should
not then satisfy this deshe.” Should wo ha sur
piised that the Cholera Medina of India has
swept from that country, in a few months, more
than six huinlr’d thousand individuals? Alter
what wo have seen ot* the symptoms ol iho dis
ease, and iho post mortem appearances, it is in
di ed, easy to foresee what would ho the result
of this incendiaiy treatment; (d’tlie application
of, (super, pimento, camphor, ether, cardamoms,
calomel, h amly, &c. to the mucous membrane
of the digestive passages, already affected with
an inflation of the highest grade.
CH MIEF.HTON. FER. G. 1831.
The Hoard of Health having convened this
day, the following communication, in relation
to the Cholera, was . end by Thomas Y. Simons,
M. 1). CJhai: inan of the Ba ird, wlicon un d
was res dvod unanimously, lb it the editors of
the different pape s of the i i.y. be o.Rested to
I uhlish the sumo for the information of the ciu
7.C11S
Extract from the Minlcs.
JOHN BF,HUNGER, M. P.
Cle k of the Boaid of Health.
Gentlemen of tho Hoard of Health —
The progress which Cholera is making in Eu
rope, ils extension into Germany, Holland, and
F.ngland, nations with which we have such fre
quent commercial relations, arc just grounds for
apprehensions of its occurrence in America. It
becomes us, therefore, to have our attention se
riously culled to tins subject. It is to us, that the
community look to and with justice lo use such
means as may, it possible resist, the scourge
which has fallen on our hn th en in Asia alula,
portion of Emopo.
■As chairman of this hoard, 1 feel it incumbent
upon me to give you a general view of the pio
gross of Chute a, the opinions cute lainrd of its
contagions oi atmospheric cJiaiueier, the mea
sures which the city authorities have adopted,and
the duties which it becomes ns to perform to
prevent its introduction, or to lessen its violence
or fulalily.
In a communication like the present, minute
details or elaborate arguments could not he ex
peeled, nor would they he suitable.
The Cholera now prevailing, is a very distinct
disease from the ordinary Cholera Mminis, which
occasionally attacks the human rare; it is so dis
tinct, as to ho regarded by the best writers on
the subject, as imp; ope-ly named. It is a dis
ease, which has no doubt poiiodic.illy prevailed
in Fasten nations, as to the Yellow Fever among
ns; and has heretofore been regarded as an epi
demic peculiar to those countries. It has indeed
been sn posed by some medical w iters that it
lias before visited Europe; hut I hero aie no good
grounds for admitting such an opinion.
The Cholera now prevailing, appeared at Jes
s.uc, Kill miles from Calcutta, in Idl7;l'6m
tliciico it spreads In ovc.y diicclion •■vtr India,
and ultimately over a great proportion of Asia,
swenj inlike a whirlwind over towns, and vil
lages, and armies. In Ifl’.'ll it readied to the
hordes of Kiuope; remaining in Asia, and retro
grading, it invaded again and again vat ions pio
portions of that Continent. Thus ci ciniicum
scrihed, no apprehensions we e unto tamed its
extending beyond this hoimdiy. In 181311, it
again appea cd on tho confines of r.u ope, and
afterwards passed over and entered into lliissh,
and Constantino le, and has since been g, initially
progiessing and extending. It has been ostim
mated, that f om 1817 to IBflo, (1,0011,000 of souls
have perished in Asia, from this disease.* The
Cholera has assumed diversified forms. In some
instances, individuals have been seized with a
direct prostration of strength all the vital energies
have ceased, and they have died without pain
in two, four and twenty four hours. Guiiuially,
however, they have been attacked with violent
s : asms and exerne at til" agony . and these eases,
tho Surgeons in the IF iiish Army in India re
garded as more favorable than those of extreme
depression.
The' immense mortality in Asia, should by no
moans c-note a panic among us, lot epidemic
diseases have always been exceedingly fatal on
that continent, among the natives—lst f om the
want of a proper medical police; SJdly, limn the
want of proper medical aid ; and fldly, from I ire
fact, that the majority of the natives being fatal
ists, view an epidemic disease as a visitation
limn God, ami overcome by fear, yield without
eft'oit to the terrible destroyer. In confirmation
of these statements, I refer yon to the compara
tive mastery which the surgeons of Napoleon’s
army obtained over the plague,and from the able
and interesting repoits which we have from the
British surgeons on Cholera, pi ho principal source
from whence wo drive information respecting this
disease) we find it became greatly under modi
cal emit ul.
In Europe likewise, so fir as onr imperfect
and dcsulalory intelligence extends, Cholera has
been checked in ils career, by active medical po
lice, and lessened in its fatality by efficient aid.
It has been confined indeed principally, anil lias
been most rife among Ike poor, the desolate,
and such were exposed to great privations,
and accumulated filth. The number which have
taken sick in different cities of Europe, in pro
portion to the population, has been compaiative
ly trifling, and the number of deaths, in coni' ar
isen with those which have been afflicted, re
flecting that it raged among the poor, living on
had food and in crowded residences; among the
dssolutc and licentious, with constitutions, des
troyed by intemperance and debaucheiy, has
not much if at all, exceeded Ihe fatality ol cpi
demic Y'ellow Fever, among the debauched and
depraved among us.
Cholera has raged in Iho Russian and Polish
armies—affecting ollicors as well ns men—hut
do sely collected, surrounded necessarily with
masses ol deleterious matter, subjected to many
privations and exposures, and havingfioquentiy 1
unwholesome food, it was natural to suppose it
* s ee Dr. Smith’s Address to Pic Students efihe Sfadi
ctg College, Mew Vork. I
would raga among them—under ordinary cir
cumstances, seldom does a large army long re
main together without being attacked with an
epidemic disease; yet even here Cholera was
controlled.
Our next and most important consideration, is
tho opinions which arc entertained of its propa
gation. Some have urged that it is propagated
by atmospheric infloenco and some by contagion*
To enter into the field of controveisy would not
be suitable to this occasion—it would lake up tro
much time, and after all we would arrive at no
thing conclusive. The laws of contagion and
atmospheric influence notwithstanding the vol
umes which have been written on the subject,
and the great number of observations and ex
periments which have been made, are still a
mnng the medical faculty—a wide and unsettled
field for casuistry and debate. Both parlies
zealous in the cause which they have advocated,
argue as strenuously and as warmly fin- victory
as tiutli, and all tilings which militate against as
sumed principles are overlooked or ingeniously
o. , osed. The advocates of either party, are
honest and conscientious in their opinions, hut
the subject is at best speculative, and I fear can
never he ultimately settled. A\ liile, however,
I have felt it my duly to makn those general oh
s'* vations, set he it from mo to disparage the
el’i’u ts of those distinguished medical gentlemen,
who have ex ; osed thei. lives and sacrificed their
co r.furls, ami submitted themselves to every
privation lo solve this great problem, and thus
benefit the human race. There are, I may fab
ly statu, no class of men in times of danger or
jieiil to the human family, more reckless of con
sequences or fearless of personal danger, in the
perib mance of their solemn and iiripo; taut du
lies, than the members of the medical profes
sion.
The inve ligations which have been made on
the laws of contagion although far from being
satisfactory, hav not been without use. For
i while the advocates of non-contagion have les
sened the panic w .u-li seizes uon communities
when epidemic disease assnu ts them, and cm.
baldens many to administer to the sufferings of
the afflicted, thus -forming a h-ighl and impor
tant ora in the annals of humanity.
Tito advocates of contagion gna;d communi
ties against being neglectful of those precaution,
ary methods, which may prevent the introduc
tion ofcpiiiciiiicSjOr if introduced lesson their vi
rulence and fatality.
In relation to the Cholera—by far the greater
proportion of medical gentlemen, who have hid
an oppoilunity of observing this disease in Asia
and Emopo, are decidedly of opinion, that it is
not (joiitagioiis.
They maintain that it has ] nrsncil ils course
steadily and gradually, and that no particular
meteorological changes have been found to ac
celerate or retard it—that it is partial in its ope
rations—that one portion of an army has been
affected, while another portion adjacent has
boon c\rm t t; that like a tomato, it hrs rushed
■ over ce lain portion of count, ies and even cities,
leaving Iho others undirected; that it Ins sur
rounded a city, mid assod off* without nt
t.iukmg it; that it has invaded successively ci
ties hav in" no ilh ei t cm -.mu mention, and where
no moans of communication could he traced,—
In many wo-ks and able reports on this subject,
! numerous instances substantiating these posi
tions have been adduced.
The advocates of contagion, vi the oilier
hand c .ually observing and intell gent, li no
traced tlie introduction of Cholera into coimlrio-,
as they imagine, through the medium of vessels
coming fom infected ports, ami they adduce ■,(
v .'i ieiy of file's conti niatnry of this opinion.—
Flo y say that iho disease was introduced f.om
I Purs lo Russia by contagion alone.
Thus is this matter at issue mining the Med:-
leal Gentlemen who have had un icipnrtiiniiv of
1 observing Cffolera. Amid these conflicting o’ iu
i fans, what should be the course to be pursued,
by those to w bom are inti listed Iho giiiiiifiau
s'u.. ofthe |ulilic health ? I should sav that uu
vv.'ia'evc side they may be disposed to b an in a
philosophical point of view, prai tidily they am
bound to act on llie pint of said ty and ) n’nli l l
precaution, -o that such a course does i ol umic
cessa ily inte.fi-rc with the rights ol'p.opeily or
'.be interests ol eonmioice.
Fo myself, ufier having, to the rest of my a
liiiities, deliboialely investigated lids ru -j el, I
cannot believe that the Cbolera has been pro
duced by contagion alone, although I du not pre
tend to say it has not, in some instance- - , proved
contagious. It has been too geneial and ex eu
sive, and diversified in its progress, to he i ropa
gaied by this moans only—it must ho, if nut alto
gether, at least groatly propagated by ainios*
phe ic influence. Nor docs this o inion conflict
with lire advocates of either position, (or .Small
Pox and Measles, confessed!) admitted us con
tagions, frequently and morn generally p-ovail
epidemically ihiongh atmospheric than conta
gious influence. These diseases have indeed
been ktio.vn to occur and spread, without any
possible, trace of contagion, and so it may bo
with Cholera,
As soon as it was ascertained that the Cholera
was «• oa d ing in Russia, ih • tntemiant consult
ed me -,s Po: . Physician, and likewise the Medi
cal Society, -requesting thu members of that
body to give their views. The Society and
myself, eoncii ed, under existing circumstan
ces, In the. p.omiely ofhuving all vessels coming
from ports where Cholera prevails, subjected to
quarantine regulations, and aeco. dingly a procla
mation was issued by the Intendant to this effect.
The disease having gradually progressed fiom
llie Bailie vvhere wo have little direct communi-,
cation, lo Holland, Got many, and ovenftghmd,
where we have fiequ.-nt communication, 1 have J
been directed by Iho Intendant, to have all ves
sels coming from ports m those countries subject
ed to quarantine regulations. lam aware that
many will regard this as a useless piecaus tn,
owing to the length of lime, from the sailing es
vessels to their an ival at this po: t. But the evil
in commercial intercourse is comparatively tri
lling, and something is due to the fears and ap
prehensions.ofilio community at large, which will
not he satisfied with speculative and problemat
ical views, ofthe non-contagion of Cholera.
Believing, however, as 1 before said, licit
Cholera has spread principally ill rough atmos
pheric influence, and satisfied as I am that if it
does occur among ns, it will ho th ough lliut
medium, it behoves us to bo prepared.
1 have staled that the disease his been most
fatal arnl prevalent, among the poor, the disso
lute, the intemperate, and those who are dense
ly congregated together, and exposed to accu
mulated filth, and impure air. It would be pro
per, therefore, to see that all nuisances bo
promptly removed—that the Board inspect ali
crowded situations confined and admitting of
little vcnlilhition—and that alt causes vvTiirlt
would be calculated to generate impure ah
should, as far as practicable, bo obviated. In
deed these precautions a:e necessary, even if i
Cholera was not lo occur, to prevent the epidem
ic fever with which wo are assailed—and this :s
the coper season. For if postponed until the
warm season commences, it will bo quite too
late lo correct the evils. I would therefore, re
commend the Committees of tho respective
wards to bo active and vigilant, and that the ci
tizens be called tq.on to co-opoiale with them.
It would he very definable that every physician j
should become acquainted with the historvy
character, and treatment of Choi ra, so h’na!
should it occur, we may he as well procured as
ossible, to IcssoiriTS fatality-. But as few phyj
sicians, except such as live in largo cities car.
have a ready access tu works -which treat on
this subject. I would respectfully suggest the
propriety of requesting the Medical tiociety to
have an am; le report made on this subject, and
that His Excellency the Governor, be loquested
to have iho same printed at the public expense,
and distributed among all the physicians of the
Slate. 1 have designated the Medical Society,
not because wo could not have an able report
Irom the Medical gentlemen of this Board, but
because the Medical Society would embrace tho
wisdom of the whole Medical community, an J
the subject wotrjd be more generally d'scqsgcdi