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ron Til* AUUftTA 4 HKU.HIi Lt. WItfTKK.—A Pornn. (Conclud'd from CknmitU of lehruary llth.) V..t brighter uKior, from f:uuM UolCf»nda*» cawt. Her font*, ifmn tJu*c, ll»e lieiu»u*ci»« work <»f frost. ~ on yon flash, Whnl londseiipm arc poiirtruyM i flrovi h rise on prvcs, and nlirnia Hiirrce.lii lo shade •, There, offu’mg vales find towering bill* !>*•*•« < n, WUh woods, highcrown'd, nndhmubh* sl.rulr- ln*t\v*nn. In nee proportion run* she crystal bowers , And tlie lull tree moiccilciiliy lower-*, A wondrous ficinc! the work of Natan* u Hy fVoii> bright squadrons w roM.'hf, n her nnaaimifl. Hilt fr»on >nd emblem of terrr-mil jo\ ) The lngyn* of IMnrhas will Hie scene defray. o‘hn*. nil tlie work** of men wi'l soon dmiy, And innrhle jnoruurif.itts shrill m*h nun} A mini in n't proudest In hoi of pi ri-li mn» f And adamantine lower* dissolve lo duet i Now vegetation steep*, by rolil confin'd, No more with laid* shchnrst* die swelling rind ; 'll! demh-like Hlnte her mime on* tribes remain*, The stagnate nap retire#* from every vein p.t-lure.n iin more their herhn *• ) »eld •, All hunvn lie.-* die newly endured Held i \ r fi nils nor flow’m the g inli ne now pro-hire . Nor iiieii-li*, nor groves, fhelr wonted -wens diffuse. Now pinching uanl Invades the lih’H.ig p *-r, And noon, nh! noon consume#* tin !r 'idle ■'lore While chilling lihi'd* their lhin-cM limb- a-n-M, I, kin I romp,'l -sh*n eheer la* ir Joyless hrea- f. Ah! l-*l the fray, the opulent, nud ure.n, ttHleei wlift* ill-on poverty* awn’.f ■ Wind pain-, vvhnt hardships I'm e tin* doomed to know. Whom unfit nn-I «/cA»km* ircb* I "UM-I '.villi woe. When winter inipes them '*. ith h* r n on him I, Oh! let each hren-t Wllhehai iiy expand . With kindly rare dry upt!ii»ir (••ni- of.: ief, V lew llieir di-tres *, and a rant them «v- 1 •* '•* r ‘ •* ,, l* Snch pimi u deeds like.inn n-a* "ill nri-e, And live, a u.orinl, In the *ddi> J. llm-e, in Heaven, u Lrlghl reward shall know, U'hoNf generous hor onn tm U at hinnati "°**« Hut, ner! from southern e inn -, warm hier/.-* i-prtiip. Salubrious mililfie-N wallne* If mo their wo '■}■ In clone Initiation * range \ the iT»*yds an* s|n\ ad, And */« r die earth tin ir miidnese shed, Now inch theanow*; l!*e tenok- their course rejuln *, With wunnlh iriterf ;tl smokes the naked pi.da. The river* avvcll with waters not their owe, \n«| new Ihnn’d lorreuta roll (he inoiiiiJnlnw down - Spread o’er the mead-, and sweep nloie! the |ihde» And rush rerivtlesf to their native main. f>Vr all the Heeti4‘, -u* cee II Up Min be.-in- phiv, And Nun in thy glebe, mid cheer die lemjihenln;; dnv. 't’lais, in die conr-c of nature's eraiid de.si ;n, The rlu-liiig Heti'-ons all in order join*, In pregnant nprlng, the Pay nlihd I, And Autumn paints the ripening ihiim with ."Id. \\ iih Niliiiiner'N heal, the earth exlnin led lie- , Hut winter’s watery si--re die thir.-l supplies , And, with her -eijref, hut propilinns, powers, Hiiiig-i on returning spring, and wakes the Mleepin.* tl»v*. eri*. _ \W *'V< * UON kb ix sti:~ moni. \v, Ja>■. in, i >nt. ii ivm Hi'era'ii.-.- Tim Hi’imtor fn.m KrnturUy (Mr. ( i.w) <>.i CormiT oecuHKin taxed lti» Uj . miv t. llm mffiins of «schi>b ; mill 1 mint i> iiummu., tti.il if hi- f.alucl. llm oano lliiT tvilliout liojiu. Tliuiu nrv iVoo w.i\-. ...iii u; Muimlur, by which thoHouili nmy avuiil llm t •x. I'i.ml, "hy ithiOlin ini’ fro in llm p.irthivtn nf the fonion artirUs." lloi. Sir, wo c.immt do v uut Ilium ; and lliis tra.l.i, numiviu, iVni'lm:’ tliu un'y m.ir'itel for our iiroduut'miH. To mb. 1 this nltcrnnlivo, Would Im lo su.il on -oin. So comlly, snid llm jjuiiilnin in,‘‘r , w/,ln;; Ihr rinil .1- mericon fabric.'' lint, Si-, iflli.o iniinnlimlii' > would tukn our collon in uxuhiiinto f<>' his |.vo dnrtioiiH, (which ho cn nut do, i*xuv|'t lon v.'iv liniitud ext,ml,) wu should |iny us Imavy o o tho juice of iho ilomuslm, us in dm duly on lb ei«n fubi io; for no ouo will p, cl. nd, lli.r, it t ,|uulily ho llm sunm, limn would Im any ddf i once of ,ifiuo iu llm Ammicun m i,ltd. T'n .i ly 41 in’l Hofo ctiiri Jo r uiinolns" Sir, w. -m not mannf iclnrc. Kxcim.i us to u few com sci, tides, sliivo labour is ull i' lv iimiijuddc of liuiii;: npiilie.l to such in otijocl. Slaves are 100 im ro trident, 100 incu. uldu of ih d ininnic, l on .i.im tlvlicnlu nltuiUion, lindlhut , o sovurinu indust y, Which is OHseiUial to llm success of inamifueliir nij. eslnblishmenls. It was but llm ylhm ,1 ij ih l some of our New F.iiiil.uul Icclhicn “oi u lllli) their ho,ids (hot they lllldeislood onr instil', tiou.x bettor lli.in we did on selves mi l under took lo ereulo u Sj lore.lnl in iiiiifuetn not esluli lishinent in the disiriel reprcsonlcd hy mv dis lin«i:i-‘.o I mid valued friend, ( Mr. Mi Ili ft,.) It was uceo;diiijjly | ul into <i|ieriilmn, Inil li .l (tone on hill a .short lime, when one of llm si o ,>• Was tempted lo malic freo wilh the son Is. and. to picvenl detection, burnt op Oie whole oslair lishinent. It miallt he so, posed, So. that the peoolo of South Carolina would rot have lieen inclined lo ■ nm di simh an olVdlre wilh ;peal so verily i and if Iho cuhnit had escaped, I piesonie we Imiil I not soon have heard the end of il.— Not so, Si-, however. Wo have a law o In, punishes orsoo, whether eoinioille.l hv a Idaeh. or ao. hue man, wilhdealh. Tim olUiider was brou-hl lo u ini, and buinj! vmiv ieled on llm etc a . esl proof, suffered the pen illy of the law. And, .Sir, lo -how hnsv. liltla jnslicijs soiiiclmies ui" tod not to tliu South, 1 will statu llm fici, ihal since 1 ai. ived here, I have s, ,n an ai count of tins Ir insaeiion in print, headed, with l.ejte eapi tnU, “CRIU.LTV TO Sl. w r.s," ami ,ep,„. seining ih d a :ooi innoee.nl neuio li.id is.tm'N fcoori h itu’r d ift South Cii o', oa. for hn-iiiii;> < l ,. v,, ahuildl.p |iy it re ill cut. 1 ilimlt, Sn.lhe a,ml,, man wif now himself udniil, that in . ml.. e< this pro; osrdon Wuyild only lie, to use an .■!.: „d age “join mg out of the fiying pan into tin tit o " The last mmedy snjfi'esled In tin srii tlmnnn, is -.hit wo slnni'd ■ siippK’on selves wilh lions, hold uiaiuificin.es.’’ Wli.ii. rs, ! give Up oil fo-eign liade f Ah in.lon mu i onUil al j ursuils, and im nlve llm w hole il„ i, country in desolaljon and mm ' \,■weio In driven from the i.ursnil of on vhojee, in o doi promote (ho in,lnst y of the iiiaiiufar'urcis ! T'.'a ijao which 1 have staled, of the li.loof’ WeeJ'.crs.ii ustrales (lie one pial opmalion of this i sys ti.oii the egiieullnr.il in,lusty of ,h, sour . : ml he muimf.n luring uulusl y of tire \ nor; a Vh.f. is true of a single bale, is tm- o! the < ; A amount of foreign no; ml.,m,ns w!m,h ore •.■„< ’ far llm protetuuu of ih,> dumesue mainil.n, j;c—true of the eight millions of im ports eceivod iu exchange so. the productions of South t'.i.oiiu,,—and ofihe forty millions reeciv ed in exchange so: liic 'lodurl.onsof dm ~lmitat ion Slat's, or at least of so nuu h tlinreof a i < m brace llm orotectetl arlieh s. Our nor'ho.n friends a,y. tmwevor, tliut part of onr collon and rice bell ies m uiem. Us it se. Wliateve, re mains lo IK, and is rightfully on.-s, in subjected to Uit uu«-u d system which 1 have above de scribed, , il is pill beyond ail dispute, that «g'icul; : .d industry of tliu south is taxed, tine )uully. ur,-:stly, enormously laved in its *,, r ! oiga oicli i: ; S, ui order lo tender i rotitxblc the mauufacloim - indnsny „t the nortli. Taxed, 1 will not say Io what ext in —lnn piecisolv lo the amount of the Inly imposed for prole.-iiJn, and the price added to the dom,-s-ie arlieh., what ever these may be, Ii issanl. .Sir. dm On- con sumer pays Ih-* lax, and that n ~. i.n .ls S. ii, s • ay llmir full -portion of (be tax on limn co-isimip'ioii. Sir, 1 think this rau Oc wed doubt,ij—on, hub" - its are ditl’meinWA -South Canlina fmin-r, whoso crop is worth a thousand dollj.s, sends, Uio whole ol it lo market, and rxdiauges U wrTureign piodocliujis, paying, it may be, a -*► ' i inw siMtiiMsisesns duly of fifty per cent. IIi ; tax would be five hundred dollars: tin,- not them or western faum raising produce to iho value of a thousand do' l.ns, will coriKiinin -Tim hundred of it on Ins fa,m, and cxelmngc.bul a hmnlrcd for foreign ar ticles, and he subjected lo a duty of only ti’ty dollars. This dillemnco of habits between the dilbrent i.arts of the country, i» greater than would be so posed possible. I have known a wealthy planter in the neighboiliood ol I ha les lou, that did not raise a single article that was not -not tofo-eign markets, and who purchased ! every thing that was consumed hy himself oi his | slaves. His cloth from [-ingland, his wines fom p'. a 11' ■e. his horses, moles, and hogs, tiom the , west—his no n fiom Maryland—wooden w.n*-, point ics, and other notions, fom Now l.ngland; ( and I assuio onr New liiighind f iends, that al i|,o' wo do not relish all of iheir notions, ilye e , are some that we prize very highly. Uni sir.it thn ( consume" did, in every ease, pay llm u1.0.c i-, nioinil of the lax, A- the rnilMim ism was in ex act pioporiion to p»| ulali"ii, eo'il.l geiiilcnn n li ven then fail to see the wide dill’- . in - in me op- , ,nation of thn protecting system he two «ec- I intis, w hen they consider that the la ili I i M; -,i c rruunicrfitfflyHiid morn limn ? (S -my tra wliicli tlu*y nny »“ ,| rj f,|,, y n rijivo, uliiln wu iwive no nor uim.atmn ; wlmlovtr. IP ti.i'i boil mtiic I, I will .'»;»| ly «j tf'si, wliirli, I thiviky rnnntjl | oKsibly ibscisivc »m f)o ou New England bn lhnoi nftt undo fi.m 1 ilm i, own inlfv o*tH T # Do yon 1 iiitil< v lb it tliiry would In* vory njit f ill in lovu w i'li luxa- j tioii Mild rou t tin; imposition of but limns? How j conicß it, limn, that limy liavobncti to !>»•. ; hove rhiil “ fnxfition i* no tyrnimv,” but ufi llm '• .ni a y, iho gmitcst of »*;i ihly hb B^iiig»*? Why in it, tlml ll»#y wotild regard ;h ibe brnvicsl ui’ < iibiinificß, till: irducliofi ol* llm Mlldic bill thoiiK ? I* il not rlc ir. ilirn, ibat lli y rcgnrd ih*; dntirH mh a bounty to tbei industry, and llm lin y know tbttf limy bnvr be power to iri'leinni ly tboiriHclvi*** lor all Ii it >ln y pay in dn’i h. I>■ iI y Si., u» anutber View of ibis matter which (hniion-t ale**, 1 flunk s*ti 1 more jd iioly, llit* me [imbi\ ol ’llm •y«l* , m. I allude its el iVrl u onlbe pen lent'' ilii: s nib, n s procurers of ■ UiH H tu'leb v\ liirli il u t*.\rb.nrgnd for foreign rommodiluvi. 'riff-e ft: vr y able mfli, Si, wbo bavM unde taken to piove ilv.il we Huile f ion llu# HV-lt in rbirllv ni nn. rba.aelor as j ro JiH’rrs. To uiy mind, U h imo idly eerlain that •be p»*o In of llm Mouth, either n.< proilurtrs o nm>uni rx, hi p>> t e hvi limit uu ti ly. if not eu h dv, o at il to llm whole amount of llm tax le vied on 1 hoi im n litlinnn. 'Tbr* i*i«eise non ner in wbieli llm opnrjiles, is a pioblern not mo c.ny ol KoUitiou. I will endeavor l* explain, however, very b.ielly, my cunceplion of llm pro CCN**. \Vr will sit )J osn a po feelly foe Hade to be ■ i li' tl on betwerii the Souilierii States am 1 'J cal lliitaiu—ll»il is Iu say, tiial llte at li les on bulli hides \T*s • ad uiUetl, duty f eu. In tin slain of things, a /nnytux , icjiial lo li'» ini e.oiit. pur iiiiiiiitii, is imposed bn 1> ilihb man dnety on for llio piolecliott ul our own. r l'l»*’ ii sit duly of five pei cent, would, dottbiluss, be ul.jed lo the piiew. hefn.t? Ihi < prngrusHivu tin \ bad advanced many steps, bow ever, llm |»e toil would in is e when no uddilton d ebaige • oyld bo siMliimod by llm eon-aimer wilbonl a tt^ im Hon of bis consumption The next live per •mill, them imposed, would have to be Misl.,ine«l by llm um chant, u tin*, heeign munulaclmer, oi Tm prmlneor of llm eolton, and wotiM mui-t pro > tbly bo divided atimii*' ilimn. la tills mantlet, is tbe Hysletit essed, tin*, prolits ol llminer ill nit would bn icditecd In llm lowest scab*; i bom: of 1b ,% in at inf tenner would also Im hi on «• hi down, and the pan horn podacer would, in lit tmii, Im com idled to submit lo a reduction m (iotpiieo of Ui i j».oduetmih 1..0 b ? : nerfH-iv»? top in llm* fu. I lie i pi og» ess us the system would -unk lower and lower ibe , imo of bis ev»Uon, on <d it was reducod to tliu very lowest sum tbftt \oiild pay the expenso of rVI roduelinn, 'JTm any m:\l step must, of eon > *, aiuidillato llio tiucle by il to all coneei n* •• I, Si,, there maybe a *iill‘* renee as 0 llm point to wbieli wo have now amv«d io dm pi ogress of tins s \ slum : (foi let it be • eineiii • ied that the system is o//// j>royn s.'ini' J imt • > my min i it is clear that we have long sineu "assi-d llm point ul wbiebutiy fu tber induction of profits covdd possibly be i.vloiltnl Loin the uio.ebinV or the niaiiufaelu:ct ; and dial eveiy m t es.-xive im* ease ol’the tax, lo; years past, ■ is fallen almost exclusively upon the pioducer. Ilm .oof gs (bis is to be found in ibo fact that im'ldii has, \». it Inn a few yeais, been graduall) fal'int* until it lias lost moic (ii ai two ibmls of ils \ da , and now barely p lys tbe e\ t enso of its 'irotfin lion, b ii»*»inj; dow n with it the wanes of ou «£ uiillni all dmr and apilal to die vei y low , gsl j.iin ll , Some n insist that tin.* sotidi n uidneer in v\ hems in.ally die whole, of die i i.\. while the l endi nn ii on llm oilier side ceil . n I ili.it i’ is a m ’\ in move-sally t no that die c UK-umer p\s be i;.x." lam iindim'd to diink dial die t nth lies in die middle. I ean •*c tainly i vum*‘ive a state of tilings iu wbieli die iulnee. would, s>m |», ; ay uoai ly the w bole of !i l .x ; but, exee * w bore die lax is a ve»\ mo di'* ah* one, «- is nn o-ed n < n the absolute ne eessa ies ol die, il is* nn o.s>ibln that the. w bob; of dm w, io In could bo tli.uwnu on the < 4>n<ume,. No one, hii *• Iy, Would ennteml dial if mv coin nininly wnr -.n the habit of con-aiming lifty mil i lions of fa i. o imported duty fee, tiny eoiild alVi I lo eon inn - my ibing like tbe same aim uni under a duly of oO j er ecu!., if thn w bole duty wire added to the piiee. Jiut w Imlber tin* i\ be in gene ;d ; aid by the prodneei or die con.-«i:nui, o lu* derided between tin in, to my > mind it h elcun . that in the actual condition ot things, tbe burden falls most uninsdy and une qually om die Soiilheni Slates. 1 will illn>t;a(o tins. Wi* wil iissunn; dial South (hiiolina an uually e\eb mjrs ei»bi milbons es dollars’ woitli olTotton and nee lot so. ciiin ti*»mls, .*a\ in** i dti ly i f lifty pm cent., eipi.il lo foil nulluwi.- of ibd he s. Now suppose tin* consumer l«> iav lie w bob* lax, bow w oul«! the ai-eotint stand • As i Minn* lb .1 no mo »* than one ball*ofonr im o i.i- Tons are consumed at home, say .v j i IKl.iknl j Hie tf.x. *i« h) |cr rent . w onl.l be % d,OtMI,IHIO I Sop os** lw*i mill.ons » \* h ,ii”» d I vvidt on *io diern b * tJi m for ■I pa*' ild or U .x\s l! • in reaped | ( . n-e •iu•< ii v. oul ibe eipi.il lo dm duty ; ibu would bo l,ooo,iMk) Miking 11.dd0.001l The u maining two millions being ex*-banned lor imp elected aitieles, a lax v*! ouo million i would be paid on their consumption by on nor tbe n and w*( slot nbu lb*, en. i’-om ibis state* of I ‘be ease it would follow, dial, if tbe consume i pays I lie whole tax, we would pay as roiisume.s tbu e million.- out us four imposed upon tbe foi- a tides ’.ccoived in tor our pro ibftions, though we should consume only balfof them. Hut if we lake il ibrgrautei. dial the tax cannot be added’otlie price, we would ofcoii.s-e 'Ct bar k no j a t of die duties paid at tbe * n-l* m bou-c ; wild in that case we should bear fie w bole bu’.thon. Il has been s .i* 1 dial Um duties on im; oiled articles fall ebb Hy on the iMcrcbant m l the foreign m •nnfa ••tmer; but I bold (bis to be i "possible, for study two or three per cent., is the utmost reduction that can bo made IVom the profits ot die nmiiduuit, and not much iiue e could be token oIT f. om those of the inAonfadiir «*«■. Indeed, bow could il bo ex ecled dial llio Ann” nan demand for B idsb niaimtactii os would luatciially ailed their piicc, when no! more, |»rohab!y, than a iwcnlielb pail o the wlnde find* niaikot m ibis eouutiy. It is on the Ameiican *iodueer, dmreiore, that this tax must qliietly fall. Sir, die duties upon impo ts are either paid (>y tbe consumer or they are n *i. If they u u paid him, I have shown that the fa*, greater poition of llio duties the goods re ceived in exchange lor our cotton falls upon lli • lanter, and dial so. this be leouives no rcmoim • iUon whatever. 2Ttiro duties are not ■ • \ die consume—dial is to say,if Uiey arc n t v.dd . ed lo die U ilisiuatfdesi ihatt(ie whole M ujtis a amount of duties (alls upon us without the pos- t sihilityof i eliev’mg ourselves from any part of the a burden. As to the popular notion thatali con- t so liters must pay equally, I will ask any gentle- c man to tell me how it is with those who con- i su/nr, the lux.' Hero is a lax of sixteen millions i imposed directly or inrji cclly upon southern pro I dwclion. Fourteen millions of this amount ate I' transferred to the north, mid them contwvn.il.— a Are the consumers of those Pmrteen millions v laxcd on their consumption as highly as those a ! who have paid the whole amount ! [ , m m I have done with thislnaneh of the suit- c jeca ’ (i. eat as are the present evils of this sys- t ,t(iu to the south, then! am greater still -in t ■pies ret. We ate sei ioijsly threatened with the c entire lossoflhe fore'gn markets for our produc- x f lions. AH trade is hut tin exchange of cquiva- t . lents, and is founded on the maxim of “ gix e and t 1.. 1....” If you exclude Ii it ish goods from our t markets, you ill ert’cet, exclude our cotton from c then in t kels. It is vain to lell us that England n imi-l h ive our col ton. Voil may force her to i ch> without it. Even now she sti aj lied herself; i In a g • t extent, from other countries; I roll* I 1.. [hist India possessions, Egypt, Ihri7.it, and a el-i'u .'in e ; nud you will make it her interest, in f tli l: i nil, to give li ' thn Amniicali trade entirely. I Even rm v she is looking to this as a possible e- t vent. You find her em eu-aging the production x of cotton in the East Indies, hy n discriminating t duly in will' ll you have forced In-. , and stimu- \ la'ing the production of tie article in .South Ame i I lien, "where she is furnished with a market for t ! her matmf iclnreis, almost duty free. Can we, *. | then, he blind to the fate that awaits ns when I [ the American System shall ho consummated, t ami xve shall lie cut olVfiom a market for seven i hundred thousand hales ol'onr cotton ; an event s that, it is hardly necessary fir me to say, would I involve the whole south in irretrievable ruin. It r is idle for gentlemen to pretend that the north I can eve* - furnish a home market fir all the col- , ton of the south. Two or three hundred limn c sand hales is the utmost extent to which we i could find a market in that quarter. The cata lotuu of the evils of this system, however, is not yet completed. It is not merely the mischief it 1 has done, and the still greater evils which it 111 extens, hut it has arrested our n a eh to "teat ness, rind prevented ns from fulfilling our high destinies. What wonld have been the condi tion of this country now, if we had never been deprived of the blessings off: i c trade ? AN hy is it that our tonnage and mir ex oris have not g'own with our growth,A slteng'ln-ned with our st englh ? It is because our proape py his been blasted by the restrictive system. Look, Sir, at this picture. In 1-KI, with a population of | seven millions, we bad a tonnage of one million four linn.bed thousand. In I Sill, with n popu lation of thirteen millions, our tonnage is reduc ed to one million two hundred thousand; and, going still further hack, in the year ItiOd, our e\, e ls amounted to eighty one millions, while new, with a population of thirteen millions, onr exports a e reduced to seventy nvo millions. — Tims, while onr population has increased nearly three fold, our lineign connneico has not ad vanced at all. Si*-, if Washington's free trade system had continued unto this day, (for, bn it remembered, that Alexander Hamilton's pro tecting sxsleni was essentially a system of lice trade, ini, using duties only of fiom live to se ven and a ball' pur cent.) —can tl be doubted that we should now have had a tonnage of two mil.ioi.e an I a half, and tint our exports would have amounted to one bnnd v ed and titty millions. I am told that one of the ablest financieis io this country, has recently declared that he should consi'lei an average duly of twelve or fifteen per centum ml rnliircrn, as abundantly snllicieu! tie all tbe purposes of revenue ; and that, under such a system, our imports and exports wnihi, lo his o, inion, exceed an hundred million of dol lars the very first yea-. I know, Mr. Pro-blent, that it has sometimes In en said, that the evils undei which the sooth is suffering,-arise fiom the over production of cotton . lint this is not so. Colton is an article, the production of which, cannot he ovcidonc.— It is llm cheapest of aW known law materials. It Is last superseding silk, wool hemp, and llax, all over the world. As a proof of this, 1 will cilviirl t i the fact, that, during a peiind, in Eng land, when her woollen intfmifactnrcs advanced from live millions of pounds sterling to six, the. cotton manufnctu'cs progressed from one mil lion lo mere than thirty. If yon would take off your duties, and throw open lo ns the markets of the win Id, American cottons would, lo a great extent, supersede all others, and wo should find u market not for one, lint two millions of bales The whole south would then, indeed, heroine a •‘garden spot.” Hut, it is insisted by the sup poilers of the protecting system, that its only effect is lo make mu goods dime ehea| er. Sir, if Ibis were true, 1 will venture to assort, that the manufacturers themselves would ho the voiy fi si to ah,union tho system. Their object, 1 certainly, is not in lessen hut, to increase their p ices. Eve if this wore the case, however, I aiu unuhlo lo discover how the cotton planter could lie conii'i'iisatcd for the loss of his tnaikcl. How is this supposed reduction lo bo brought ab in! By competition, say the gentlemen, be tween the 1! ilisli and the American manufac turer. Hut, if it is corn pc tit inn that is to piodnco this rnditc ion of prices, the niaimfactmer, on both sides, must ke | nl on an c ,nal footing, What so t of competition is that which is founded on a disc; iniiii iti<m of fifty ter cent, in tavoruf one of the parties—and if, in s’ ill- of such a dis crimination, the contest can ho maintained .at all, is it not, hy that fact, jilt beyond disi nle. that lint so the lax, the pi nes would he slid fur ther ivduccd! (icntlcmcn lake it fi.r gientcd hat the com clition among the foreign manu facture sis nut snllicicnily gical lo icdnco the ] juice lo the very lowest rale. They even tell if nl'( onil.in itions among them to Weep tip thei; I'Mi'cs, Si . such combinations are utterly ini- 1 m-sildc. II *u arc the manufacture:s of iron, ' in So. cdci! llossia, and England, or the cotton , •and silk nivnnl’.iolnrois of F.ulicc, to enter into . a eomhm tlion! ']'|to thing is lidienlous. No Sir, it tile dnlivs wo o taken elf the prices of 1 goods w ould he educed lo their ininimam, and ' n.in h lower than they now are in this eonnli v, ; and it is ‘li tins reason, and tins only, that the , m.iimfu in c s are p otesling against it. lint, Si . where is lint evidence lo bo found that the lartlf lias produced any reduction whatever, in ' llte puce of llm protected ailicles. Is there vny ' otlm foundation for the assetliun th:ui this, that the prices of cottons, woollens, and i on. have ac 1 lually fillnn since |so|t Hut all the other arti cles have likewise fallen protected and unpro tected. Heal and | o sonal estate, cotton,llonr, and tobacco, all—all have gone down; and most of them have fallen in a much greater degree , than woollens, cottons, and non. Has the. larilV , dune all this! What say the gentlemen! lhave ' here a price en lent containing lire prices lit ‘dot) articles, in 1.-10 and Itifll. Prom this it appears 1 that there h is been an universal reduction it.- the mice of a tides of every description, and that I those admitted duly free have been induced, at | least, in an min d ratio with those paying duties. 1 Indeed, Sir, 1 think that a careful examination 1 ofthis table will show that redueliou in the pro 1 leeled articles has not been so great as in the I others. But llte reduction has not been confined ' to this country. It lias taken place m England, and all over tiio wo Id, in an eijital, nay, in a gieater degree. The very auicies most notccted n this country, cottons, vvollcns, and • iron, are now selling m Kugl.’iid much more low- • cr than they can bo obtained here. This is a fact 1 pe foclly notoi ions to every importing merchant, 1 and 1 have abundant evidence of n now in m\ ■ hands. Here arc statements allowing that su.ii 1 goods have actually been invo.ted within the ’ I isl year, into Philadelphia, N. York, and else- 1 whale, and after paying duties of from till to an 1 I UR) per c id. have hoell sold as low as the do ! mostm !;..it.’jfacturo. S*i-, I useertaiuud bofoto < , ! : "*e, that the whole i|uantity of cotton 1 !s .a.potted into Charleston during the last ■ yrti.tr, pud an average duty of fifty pci cent., and j j then they were gold us low ns American cottons of lac same quality. Hut lam really ashamed o argue a question so selfevident. How can taxes possibly lessen prices? How can jirotectton. diminish the cost ts production! \\ hat Sie the elements of price? Are they not the cost of the raw material—the wages of labor —and the in- In rest of capital, and how can these bo lessened by ;i tax on the a tide ? To say so, is to reverse all the rules of proportion, flenlletncn Haight as well contend that two added to five make three, as that filly per cent, added lo the costol an im ported ai tide, lessens its price. If gentlemen can believe this, they may believe any thing, flnt the t:utli is, Mr, I’uMtuKM, this whole mat te*’ of the reduction in the price of goods is very easily explained. It depends on general causes, which have operated lo a certain extent all over the world. From a tho ouglt investigation ol the subject, which has taken place in (ireal Bri tain, it is found to have insulted fiom the appre ciation of the currency, improvements in machi nery, and the general restoration of peace. Thu resumption of specie payments, and the diinm i- lii'il supply of the precious metals, is calculated lo have less med tho ci; dilating medium to the amount of upwards of E000,000,0011 The el fect of this single cause has been, within the last ten yeais, the reduction of prices in that coun try to the amount of thirty-live per tent, to which fifteen per cent, may he added for the other causes above mentioned—making in the w hole reduction of almost fifty percent, in the money p lee of all articles. f l ho same thing has taken place in this country, and therefore, w hen gentlemen allege that the price of manufactures has fallen, the naked fact proves nothing, unless they cun show that they have fallen in a greater degree than other articles in this country, ymd similar articles abroad. But this is so far Irom being the fret, that the truth is, that the protect ed articles h ive fallen lissjn proportion., than those which teceive no protection. Cotton is a striking example, w hich has, in a few years fall en to one tli’nd ol i s value, while no protected article has, in the same pciiud, fallen one half. (To he Continual.) ■Uftl’W’l'Al SATURDAY, PKBIIUAIIV 25, 1H.12. 44 lie find fear not .. - ■ -1 . IJ-rr- 1 .'.d-LT-’J TO COKIIKSPONDENTS' 11 Biin.ii-finoimiu-s” is received; and also a letter from Pensacola, in answer to utlr tenia, ks of the Ist. instant, in relation to the U. States Bank. \v asiiimhtovs miu'it-i) \y. Wednesday last, the 22d of Feb nary, being tho Centennial Anniversary of tho hit 111 of the saviour of his country our beloved Washing ton, was observed with more than usual devo tion and enthusiasm. The day was ushered in by a Federal salute fiom onr artillery. And, at about eleven o'clock, A. M. according to previ ous arrangement, a civil and military procession was formed in front of the L'niled States Hotel, in Rru nl st. c-etc under the command of Captain A. Ci xtxn.xr., as Marshal of the day, fiom whence they proceeded down Broad-street, and th.ough W ashinglon-stieot, to the preshy teiian church; where, after Divine service, hy the Rev. Mr. Amikkw, ITashinotou' Farewell Address was rend, in a very impressive and imposing manner, hy D . E. I). Fori:, and an Oration, dedicated hy Atc.csTOs B. l...N3sriiKKT, F.s p equal to the occasion, and lionorahle to llm “head and heart" of the Aims ham pal.hit. It was received, hy a large and admiring audience with peals of reite rated applause. The day was remarkably’ tine and | Icasanl —Nature, arrayed in all her beauty, seemed to participate, and sanction, with an ap proving smile, our devotions on this memorable occasion. \Vc do not deem it eeccsVary to speak of one more than another, as regards the appearance of our military companies on this occasion, a mongwhom xvo wore :.leased to recognize our patriotic tu.’ighliou sthe Hamburg liljlnncn—suf fice it say, that all—the vhuh- procession was of a character tiuly sti iking and imposing to the eye of the s; ectutator; and equally honorable lo the ciii/.cn and soldier. The day was closed by lire discharge of can non, mid a salute of twenty four guns announced the setting suit. In tho evening a splendid ball and supper was given in honor of the day, mi dar the arrangement of Messrs. Cosnard & Byvii, the deserving projs ioto.s of the Euolc awl Vhotuix Hotel, which was attended hy a large assemblage of ladies and gentleman, and, on no occasion, have wo w itnessed a greater display of beauty and fashion. The evening jiasSed oil' w ith agreeable and social conviviality, and the company reli ed well pleased and satisfied. Any event, however trifling in its character, bca-ing, in the remotest dogicc, any connexion with the name ol the illnst; ions \\ ashinoton, is peculiarly in'oresting lo the heart of every Ame rican citizen. How, then, must-xvo feel on an occasion like the present—the day which wo now commemorate—the Centennial Anniversa ry of the birth-day of this high-minded, this no ble patriot; being, as it is, associated with so many happy recollections of all that is good and virtuous.—Wo pause, and cannot find language adequate to pourlray tho emotions that swell our heart. Tho following O der, fiom IFcad-Ciuartcis, which did not roach our city until a late hour on cduosday evening, has boon politely furnished us hy a gentleman, and xvu cheer Folly subjoin it ; “HEAD Ul A RTF.RS (IF Tl I E ,\ R V ( ■ Aiuitaxt Cknekai.’s OmcK, ’ ITushinrrion , I'ch. 15, 1 ~:;q. “THE HI NDREDTII ANNIVFUS \RV*(')F Till'. BIRTH OF WAtiIIINdTO.N IS AT HAND. The whole nation is prepared to cele bi ale the ox cut. P.oudly may Amei ica recur to the actions w hich give eeleh'ity lo his Name —profitably, indeed, may her citizens contem plate his x h Inc and example. While Washing ton is justly esteemed the Father of his Coinitn/, let the Sons of that Connlty ho united in broth erly love and patriotic exertion, in perpetuating tin.inquired, their noble inheritance of unexam pled individual liberty and national indepen dence. The name ot Washington is identified with all that lends to the happiness of mankind. His pi aises are not confined to his own country — they resound throughout every land where deeds of patriotism arc admired, or liberal principles cherished. The Army, interested in the double capacity of citizens and soldiers, cordially parti cipates in tbe common feeling. Eet then tho twenty second day of February, 1532, be ush ered in by a Salute of One Hundred (!uns from the several military posts: and let every other military display he exhibited, which may be consistent and proper on tho Oceanian. “The Commandants of Foils and Posts are charged with the execution ofthis order. Bv ouuK.ii (if Ai.exanosr Macomb, Major O'entail Commanding the Armi/ of the Vnilal States: Px. JONES, AJj. Oca." COTTON MAUKKTS. Our advices from Liverpool arc to lire lOlli Jill. Tire sales of Cotton in that market from tiro Ist to the Dili inclusive, were 20,000 hales, at an improvement on lire current rates on the alst Dee. of an a[d per lb. Quotations r ”l a 71. The Cholera was spreading in England, and it was the opinion of lire most intelligent, that this disease would soon reach tiro Manufactur ing Districts, anil cause au almost total suspen sion of business for awhile. It will require all of a penny’s improvement on the current rates in Liverpool on the 9th ult. to save the shipper of Cotton harmless, at the prices speculators are now paying in our market. The present state of things appear to us alto gether wrong, and much too hazardous. We again recommend caution. Let the speculators incur market, make the experiment, through their fr iends, of a few ship mcnls of Cotton to Liverpool, and wo are of the opinion, after they shall he made acquainted with the results, they will he advocates for fair prices —prices corresponding with those current in other markets. From New Orleans wo have advices of Lilli inst. The slock of Colton had aucumulalod and prices had receded about I ct. per Ih., and at ■ this reduction there was no disposition to pur chase. Stock 11,‘dOrt hales. Quotations 7 a 11 cts. Freights to Liver) co) chill at id. We make the following extract: ‘•The market at 1 this period has no parallel in many previous 1 years—comparatively, nothing nioic could he desired by tire purchaser, prices low, stock am ple and increasing, vessels ot the 11 si class plen. ty, and freight at a rate that will scarctly pay I the wear and tear of the ship—notwithstanding llict e is nothing doing.” From tiro Mobile Commercial Ilcgislcr of the I7ilr inst. ‘-Tiro Colton nra.kct for two days past has been dull, without any actual depres sion in prices—wo do not alter our quotations of last week 7 a DC.” Receipts of Colton since tiro Ist Oct. 5H,W10 hales. Freights to Liver i pool 9 Kid.; Havre 1.1 ct.; Now \oik et., Otli r er ports j ct. s Urn advices from New York are of lire Drill inst. Cotton remained without any alteration. Quotations of new Uplands ID a UH. It is expected that a great pressure in the mo , ncy market will lake place in lire month ol . March. Exchanges have advanced eunsidura . lily, and already shipments of specie •■no about . being made. , Our advices from Charleston and Savannah j I are not very favorable to hohlc.s of Cotton.— I . Quotations in both markets .-'S a ft’}. E-eights ! are without any alteration. Wo give tire follow ing extract of a letter, dated Savannah, 23J inst. , “There is very little doing in our Colton mar . ket, and although prices are folly J ct. lower , here, than in Augusta, still, purchasers appear . unwilling to take hold at uur prices. Wo quote ’ BJj II!);(.” 4 The receijils ofCoftcn into our market lining the week have been hut moderate, and owing [ to the r nrtj nnrr,:suable pretensions of the liold , era, the sales liavc ireou rprilc liriiited. > We have again to advance our firmer quota , lions, they may, however, ho considered as ra ther the ashing than the selling prices. , Prices Current. I.IVKUrOOI,. AUGUSTA! Ordinary od. Inferior 8] efts. Middling s|d. Common 8j Fair sjd. Fair 0 , Good fair 5; jd. a (id. Good 0 1 , Good and tine, tijd. a7d Prime tVehnice 9J a 10 Freights—to Cliarloslon, tjsl oO nor bale—to r Savannah, ol) cents. Exchange. —Hills on llallirnorc, Philadelphia, j New-York, Providehcc, and Horton, alOi) days , sight, 1 per cent, discount—at sight, on the same cities, \ per cent, premium.—United Stales’ Hunk Notes, h per cent, premium. CHARLESTON, S. C. Feb. 22,1892. The great match Race livtweon Col. John son's grey maro, Bonnets of Bite, ami Colonel Singleton's cliesmrt mare Clara Fisher, for i ,$5,000 aside, was run over the Washington course, near this city, yesterday, and decided in favor of tiro former, A very largo concourse of ’ persons attended, from all quarters of tier Uni * on, and with the fashionables and others of the ' city, of both sexes, presented u most brilliant ’ mill animated appearance. The horses started about 1 o’clock, Bonnets of Blue got the start,hut ’ wap shortly passed by Clara Fisher, who took 1 the load du;ing the heat, an I won it lry about a. f length. Distance, -I m.—Time, 7m. -15 s. 'dire ' second heat was won by Bonnets of Blue, who 1 came in about— lengths ahead, her antagonist : becoming lame during tin heat, from a strain in the sinews of one of the fore fetlocks.—Tirno, in. r»i s. Clara Fishrr was then withdrawn, ’ in consequence of her lameness, an 1 the money Was awarded to Col. Johnson. The betting at first, was two to one o« Honaots of Hluu ; hut alter lire first heat, tiro odds t-lranged, it hiring evident, that she was pushed hard for it, while ■ Clara was scarcely pr essed at all; and there is 1 scarcely a doubt that Clara would have won the * race as handsomely as the fi st boat hut for her : lameness. In consequence of tiro decided odds, at starting, the hotting was not so large as it would have boon, otherwise) hut notwithstand ing, a very largo amount of money changed , hands. At the Theatre, in the evening—Miss Clara Fisher's fi st appearance, is I.titia Hardy the audience very crowded—Mr. ID: Camp came forward, alter tiro Play, and announced lira Miss F. had received a note f,urn Col. Single ton, saying, that, though her namesake had boon beaten, he did not consider her altogether van quislied,mul that he should attend lire Theatre in the evening,and ho gratified to hear Miss F. sin-' her favorite song, of Bonnets of Blue— and that Miss F. would cheerfully comply with the ro i fiuest. This announcement wasreceivod with mi i llmsiastic plaudits,and lire song was sung A: a gainsang, after a thunder ing rurorc—h\ Miss I"s most bewitching manner, and with the most rapturous applause, Thursday Morning, Feb. 23d—The Centen nial Anniversary was celebrated in this oilv, yesterday, in a splendid manner. The Proces sion was very large, hut lire street so crowd ed, that it was almost impossible to get any tiling like a fair viewof it. The Oiation of.Mr, Leoare was excellent, as was expected— at I east all speak of it as such—but tho crowd wa« so great, that I gave up any alterant to enter the Church, and consequently was depraved of the pleasure of hearing it. The Race yesterday, for the Silccr Cup, w ... won by Col. Johnson's ch. in. ’Trifle, Mr.Tnuitj. ton’s s. h. Rtdgaunllet, and Col. Richardson's ch. Ir. Mnclclijnlm —l mile heats. In the -In, r mile of the first heat, Red gauntlet bolter!, and threw his rider, hurling liim slightly ami was, of course, distanced, and Machlrjoh/i was nearly distanced, Trifle, taking the her; with case. And the second heat also, wis won by Trifle, with equal case. Trifle was decidedly tho favorite from the fi st, and tin, race being thus unequally contested, i; TB sport of course was not very fine. Tiro Pmsc to day, will probably ho taken by Bonnets of Blue, who is entered fur the race, with Richardson's s. Ir. Bertrand, jr. Col. Single. *■ ton’s eh m. Lady Frances, and \V, Fjkrcusos’s eh. c. Lafayette. The great Slate Rights and F;co Trade Con. volition assembled at the Circus, at 7 o'clock last evening ; and a more respectable, dignified and patiiotio body, or more crowded and hill, liant auilitoiy, I never witnessed. The f)i;k gates, near 200 in number, took their seats m the area. The upper tier of boxes was reserv ed exclusively fur lire ladies, and was crowded with them to excess, as was also the lower tcor with gentlemen. A more complete jam I never saw, and while hundreds remained stationed patiently throughout the meeting, in the rear of the lobby, -where they could not possibly see the proceedings, or scarcely hear the speakers, nia ny hundreds had to leave tire door, unable to get within. Fears had been industriously e*. pressed and circulated for several days, that tiro building was unsafe, and would probably break down with tho crowd, hut such was the inter est excited in tho meeting,that it had hut a par. liai effect, even with the ladies, who not uir'v completely crowded the tier of boxes assumed to them, but a portion of tho lower tier aDo.-- Gov. Hamilton was called to lire chair, and took it amid the most enthusiastic cheers of the auditory. Several most eloquent and spirit-stir ring speeches were delivered, and received with the warmest hursts of feeling. Among the spc:i kurs worn Messrs. Tmnhnll, Pinckney, and I luhnes, of Charleston, W. Thompson, of G.eeiit \iih-. and A. P. Itntlor of Edgefield. Tile gen eral spirit of tho assemblage could not ho mis, taken, and it was alike unanimous, hath in tin | delegates and spectators. It was the true s; int jof ’7O, and never, wo believe, glow ed it j mere warmly or purely in any assemblage. \\ but it has been, wo all know, and what it con he, we must all feel. The fears of the timid and wavering, or the opposition of the .deluded or designing, can never stay it. And it hemnny 9 those who have now amused it,'to remember 1 that it is alike nnconqnored and unconquerable,, ■ It has ever shown itself foi hearnnt and concilia*,- I ing, is long ns forbearance and conciliation en'ii I he viilnes; hut tamely crouching, submissive, ID mil degraded, it eamiot he.—At about IkiH')>U'<* I ■ eleven o'clock the Convention adjourned to ft;.- I i in;day evening next. The proceedings you I will sec in the papers, and they will doubt loss h ; I intcicsting to the readers of the Chronicle. My | paper is full, and tho mail about to close, (f. I D would give you them now. rou Tin: acrci-ta chiiamit.c. UNITED STATEN ISA>K-»|.\o. 2. lo the first mnnher evidence has been uifoieil, J which is |iresumcd to ho snllieien losuslaiu tin- 9 negative, of the IJ. .S, Hank having equalized exchange between the Stales—much more, and M such as i|i.iy he more convincing lo some luitiils, Vj might have been added—hut is presumed that l| no moie was neeessa.y, on that point, mid that fa a little I'clli-ciion w ill apply what may he oll'crc-ii I on the others, lo that where it is pro, or—l pie- H ceed to the second point. That the U. S. Hank did not establish and is not necessary lo preset w Pj| a sound currency. v 1 know there arc many persons so enslaved ■' i by the Hank,.that they treinliln at the idea of I ■ any tiling offeror: in opposition to its pretensions, K and without the power,or without the inclination ■ lo examiuuTor themselves, they imagine what ■ over is said against it lo he dictated by intui’csl, S similar, though rtot so disgraceful, as that by which their fears are excited,and the exercise ul |a their faculties kept iu dread—to such as those 1 M could otTer no argument with effect, they must I ho loft to he latmlit by the-only means of whirr 9 they are snsciptihlo, uud if slavery be- punish H ment, and the Rank Ciiartor ho renewed, are likely to receive their proper instruction.-' I 1 he ( idled Stales H in!i,like all the tfoate H.nikf, I has issued notes payable on demand,at the poin’t I: at which they arc issued—and like tho State K Hank ,'i>o,il has hithertoredeemed thorn prom) I : pj| ly at those points. Il is these notes cons' weed B as currency, and not the legal currency of go 1 W'd silrer, that is now the subject of cunsidc a: I tion. It is said that these notes are a snitivl currency, hecausc they aro rceuived currently, P-y or at a discount not greater than one per cent lit Bj cvoi-y section of the Union, while tho notes of the II Slate Hanks, issued on Iho same or a more solid mi basis, is not sound currency, hccansu they ciirti- H late currently only in the immedialo neighbor- II hood of their issue, or at a greater discount k it M those of tile I”. S. Bank, at remote |ifiints, T’ l ' 1 ' 12 wo porceivo there is no essential ildVcroiv:. m B| the ability lo redeem them—whilu llioro exists s positive diif-i tr.ee in the uniformity of their v(J ne. Now if this difference originate from a cans beyond tho control of either, tho State Hanks® H of the F. S. Hank, it mnst he admitted, tin! neither is entitled to any credit for the in 11 ur-iicJ in -,.foduclng it. It will he suUiciont for uty pti ’ poso to adduce the evidence offered by tl- 9 Dank itself, to prove that il is the gotf.rn '’ >s| th it has made this difiurenoo in the etlrrcnry-- by nothing tho notes of the U. S Bank and its 11 randies, no matter whore, payable, whether payalile at all by the Bunk cf the 1 States, (far tin ir Branch Bank Checks dors a.- rren contain its promise in pay, ana irhryr t every section oi the Union a legal fender far payments doc tu it, whether for duties, lauds, arrearages ,Sr.e. &o. while it. rejects those nj the State Banks, in all cases, tinder '•' circumstances and at all places— or what is ivorse, o-j;; f j,r } \ Js. Bank the i igbt to rep then: or mot, as its interests may dictate!l " It the Merchant does not choose to a draft fiom the Bank, hut prefers transmit! the hills of the office w hore ho resides” (is it :i^