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If the •mount of import* subject to duty <
within the course of . few year., -
eighty millions, as may very reasonably (
’Jclod, then an average July ol twenty |
ad* 5 valorem, as s..p R e«t«.l by the »■»«• *'“ l - 1
would produce a rcvenu.J ol sixteen nii J . ,
which Itddod to .He incidental revenue front oth t
< r sources, would make an m ennC <>l at least
nineteen millions. If imports should increase to .
one hundred millin'', there would h« a revenue
oiv least twenty-three millions, ho grea u
tn.,,ins of revenue would seem to he
with the most soiiotn and alarming exi.s. ~.iouiu
ilia Government un lertako to expend so large a
sum, then what a scramble will we witness
anion- the several sections of our country lor
their respective portions I What scenes ot con
fusion, intrigue and dishonesty, will W“ every
yenr witness al the seat ol* Gotternincmt!
lotriiamuhiHoii of Slulo j ower mid influence,
?m<! what entiiO dc; cruiurce on tlio General
(■ovomtncnil Ami can wc e*|>o«*l from a Gov *
«»n»mmU constituted l*ko ours, a l«»if ~9 < *
diabuiflomonl of the revenue? Coitainly «»>*•
Tlie great principles of hum in mlure fund »*'
nintii ely oradicfilcd, am! llio character <>t mao Uti
doigo a total thunt'o b«!»i>cw« can c ilcultlc on
a result ao coui,»lolel jat \vai* With lad ami expo
rience. .
If largo surplus revenues must Ue gpont, let inc
flairs raise &i)Uhuriie them; foi thoir govern*
merits Uiitloistnml local Hite.estH infinitely heller
•J* in tho Umloral Government* And, buildup
ihoro is not tiro »ume temptations to those
odious * oinbmations nnd compromise# among n
<u;vuf the great interest* for ilia proiilralioii ot
the remainder. But sin ely no argument i*» to
qtiired to p.ovo iiiit the money which is not ie
(juiflito for | nMie exigencies, Might to be teli in
trie pockets of the people; for they ami they u
1 >no, have a ight to it, whin not required Ibi no
. coasary (oihlic ex.iemlitu e ; mnl, besides eaefi*
individual uudumt ifids his I-tie ioinrOSl-, mid i*
disj nsed to j u sue them Infer than either the
tJialo or Uodoni' (» ivurnrnuits.
There is not oven any ji’oeonccrfcrl 1 1 ;n '•(’
dlslriluilion which ran lomedy the I muTnl evils
eonso jiumt on tins disposals of redundant rev* *
rule. There is no j I »;i vvliili can prevent the
ida* miiig concentration of power in I'eder.it i
GuvO:nmenls, which will he sum to re*tdt Ir<> :<
a surplus normal aneiminlution in the Ticinii.y.
Not to speak of the evils ».f rai-ing large masse*;
cf money hy means, whoso operation is not un
derstood hy tin? people and who, consequently,
Would not bo disposed to ivce.ei-'e that walrli
ralnesfl over the proneudingc; of the federal
I‘iinetiouui iefl, in relation to the financial concerns
which all history and ex. mietioc have proved to
lie so ividispensiblo, bolli to th • u'tainmoni and
preservation oflilmrly. When the Monai< l)lias
culled upon Ins subjects for men *y, they, in Urn
have called upon him fur inoio I beity, and Ie
could not resist the call when made under kiiil.
• irnniHlaiice.s. If the rnoi:ai( hs of I’nro, e, by
some covert means, like a restrictive policy,
could have procured, unseen nod uncalled to,,
all llio money which was required for limit l.i
visit and magnificent expenditures, |.eih q s no*
one countiy in fmope could ever hive he e
revolutionized. Those glorious st. uggles/vlii h
am llio tlnnne of praise on every lip, would nov*
« r have been Immd of, and a dark and silent
despotism would reign in every country of
JJumpo.
Wo may bo permitted to suggest lli it tie?
Government can never be embarrassed by an
occasional d.Tn it of revenue, less, perhaps, than
bv even an occasional suiplns. The credit ol
Government would al all times answer the pur
poses of money. Tins credit would he foiti
find by the wise and wholesome paiismoiiy ol
restricting expenditure to neeessaiy ohj ci,s
and leaving in the hands of the people, to In* im
ptovod by them, the icsources which the Gov
(vnmotii coul.l at any time command. The do
so il of one year might he mn.,.liod without dis
advantage in the next; hut that aso plus sh mb
bo umunployed in the Treasury, would he. a Jos;
to the community.
I' on whit has boon said, it will lie perceive I
that wo oovici.tr very fully m the stigge imu e
tbe memo . .1. that the average duly actually .<
ituho«l. would fall fill slant of twenty per eem
Thw memo, id (iiui'N to twenty Jive )er cent .1
the highest duly wiiieli should, m inly case, In
Allowed. The mi le.signed, for avoiding mis
conception*, In g leave respeclliillv to Mtgges
that they do not understand the memorial to ad
mi! that if a lower average of duly than twenty
pe r cent should ho found sulli unit, a disci iu.io i
lion should he still made to the extent of twenty
five percent, and that tin.* disciiminutiou shyuh,
he imposed in favor of protected articles.
Thus mi terslood, if an average duly oflwelvc
find u half per coni, should ho fuiniu sulli lent,
(hero would ho a double duty in favor of piolec
tod article I *. J*h*eb a const.uetien would he
iloparluro fionri otic of the piim ipl s which so •
the basis of the ineirimial; that duties shall hi
ultimately equalized so that tin duty on an,
articles shall not vary mateiiaily horn iho gone
ral average i ate of all duties together.
It appears, fmin the report of the Seen tarvo
the Treasury, that tin? revenue dciited from lie
article* most highly protected, wool, woollens
■ oltons, hemp, salt, iion and sugai, ntti m .1.
(u*ing the past year, (o alnait iiinu iniiln»f s.—
l*oilmps it may he found that a duly of twenfv
five percent, will ho mom productive of reve
nue than th*) present high duties. Under lb
Tanfl of iSiIJ, Ihe duly on woolloiia, wiiieli \v,i
fixod at tvvoiit) live jior cun, was (omul u> b,
miu'li mot-0 j'rodiiciivu ih m tbn jiiosi'tit iiiab
iin.Mist lias proved. IT lids slu ni l prove to In
liiof .ot, with roxpui't to llio Ollier p ol«rlo,l si ■
tuib'S, ivbii li there seems no pood mason to
doubt, th n bv a duty ot'lwmty tlvn per cent on
these alleles alone, all, and more than all the
revenue may ho raise.l winch is ie.;uu. o to he
raised t.om llio cvi - nms. Tins would fen.l. i
the duties on wines. !■ .s (utl'.e, ’iid oilier in
tieles Ol Inm y iinnei ssar., and would be a
de arm c do.in tins views of iho ineuioilal,
which p ays that those in iteles may ho subject
to about un uvera-e rate ol'luxaliun.
It sueh a disc-iniination should he -illowe.l,
although tie. ajj-ree ite lin dens ol' tint eouiiim
mty iiiif*lil be admiltod, that uie.jii dnv ol oj era
tious on iho ditto rent classes id the eonntiniiitv
mid sections i.fiho eonnliv, which has exeileil
so much odium and discontent, would be a--rn
vatod. And let it ho luinarked that it' the c
cess.iry fioijjlit, charges, and pi ole. on bn ~ tine
so .sign tne.i itandize, ainoimt, as they have hem
ostlmatod to do by those most competent to
nudge, to 15 per cent on the y line, then u duly ..I
toper cent yy-ill alßvil tin- m uuilaetiiref a i, ..
lection of thirty per eont. Whether the e. nn-
Iry can he considered as ,l all prepared Cor man
iilact tires, winch c.ainwt be succcsstully pros,..
WITeTI with a proleclion ofthlsexi is so 1 "iit.
led to the wisdom and just ice of your honorable
body. Perhaps the foreign nations, amon
tvliom restrictive systems art) said to obtain,
do not afford protection So cflieienl, as our man
.ufacinrcß wouldrocoivo fein the imtuisl siiu i
turn of the country, and the wants of the tiov
-ernmeut fyr revenue.
Pile im.'.norial states, “it is well known to
vom iiomrablu body that the TarifT system is
believed to ho uiloonslimiioinil by a numerous
and . s eelahlo portion of the American peo
ple, including, probably a imipvily of the peo
pie ol ihe tjonthern Slates. F.om oppoitun).
ties ol intimate Kiioyvled-e an t mil informaliun
aain-.i were mu enjoyed by the genttcm.in who
d, alti'd the m-unonal, wo a e aide to state, that
cniong iho jieop.o ol thu C Si.mhern Stales ex
tending from the Potoma.; to the .Mississippi,
p yvi-.h tin esceptlon of a minor portion of one ol
“i >Sft sta f. cs ,s «* near an approach to mm
tn tuty ol opiniou with respect m the unconstitn
lioo'ihly of the protective system, as can ever
b" ex clod to exist on any political subject
'» J su unit, with the diflerouco vy Inch hecouit-
Js. wuethar an opinion thus widely .(iifusej aim
,■ ..-ply rooted, i«Jepeudcnlly of «',y suejMisilioii
‘ ' ■ * author error, does no! do-.ai'vij iho most
’ ,,s c °u-i tenition of you: honorable body.—
s'.oege.-i govern.nouts have lonnd it yvise,
intuctimes necessary, to concede much,
L
ii «■■»■—jdM—■*——— wa ?-
— ,
ever, to the prejudices of a considerable portion tr
of their subjects, especially if these prejudices ui
relate to writers which arc supposed to appertain xi
the right and justice, if Hifl people cntortiiimng g
them are intelligent, if they arc otherwise loyal, d
and dcei.lv devoted to the tjovenimcnt, it would r i
seem that they iHeiilitlcd in still mere conside
ration. A distinguished 11. itish Statesman and c
■political rhiloßOpher renr.uikcd, with respect to c
the people of the then American colonies, that a a
fee government for practical purpose*, is what n
the eo.de think such. That the people of the
Southern Slates arc not unintelligent m lolalion tl
to Ihoir j olilical concerns, yve behave w ill be ad- s
knitted of ihoir ardent attachment to Ihe i coc- i c,
ral Govenimont and Union, we think they have I
always given proof: and it is in our power to t
assure vour honorable body licit the opinion is
deeply and indelibly impressed uonn tiieiii, mat
the HyHloru in (jneHUon is unjtiMt, tin*l in viotalmti \
of their most valuable constitutional rights -
There are many who conscientiously believe :
i that the maj city ought rarely, it eve’, toc.iaiijie i
its |iolie.y at thelnstaiicc of the ininoiity ; me. bj
doing so it sacrifices its rights end privileges, j
and leaches Iho minority the datige. iivh art 01,
i thwalinu the course of the doniireiiit parly, l*\
resisting its measures. We shall not in this ex
position enter into the theory of gnyermhi'iit,
c and its mode of formation ; nor shall xvo miouiic,
■ whether in an indcpcmtanl iiulion, the tOleid a
r niajoiily is founded on convention, or thu great
f jaws of nature; but permit us hriclly to advert
e to the history of out own Federal government,
n and endeavor to show, from its v< nature, that
I majorities in our national councils ought well to
■ weigh the interest of ininoiities, and trinpiently
in the si i it of compromise, to recede ironi then
n measures when considered by the minorities
- grievous and unjust.
'I'll.! Fedo til I r nion was formed hy Stales
r with governments already organized and in
*> full o .mation, and as, hy the great law ofnalure,
i 'Vi" sovereign Stale is considered enu.d to moth
er, each .Stale was ofeiptal weight in the I’ointa
I tion ol’ mu confederacy. So that our General
■ Government was not an emanation fmu a ma
jority of the people ot the United rSlales. beta
i creature of like Slates themselves. Ifi the con--
I si ruction of the Gove nniont. however, the va*
ions into esls ot die . .nioti stiein to have been
... || mid. s|i,..il. and,in the spirit of compromise,
; fetch had its due weight assigned to it. »»n.
■ Federal Government, it w ill readily be cimeciled
, on nil bands, was intended as a bond of union,
• and asu urvisor of those great into ests,nation d
1 in their extent and impoitance, and which the
t local govnrnmenls from their limited spheres
> could not so well attend to: while the
I Govctnnieiits were wisely lull, except m lew
- instances, tn manage the local interests of the
Stalls Hence, from the voiy theory of run
■ Government, so dilf. ient t.om nil alders, the
■ General Governnient should gitanl ag dust. ovci
lotion ; and beware, as nmi.di as ; ossihl.i, ol that
. kind oflogi'lati.in wbiih tniiijnns, heyoiid 1 1"
. limits of necessity, with the vai ions interests ol
the community, sometimes arraying the one
again l the othe .
1 Itnt, say tln.se who would contend for the per
i severance of the majority in its con-sc, the all i s
• of the nation me ailminislc. ed hy ollleerM ehos m
t hy the people, and rosponsihle to them, cons :
.f ijnently, the niajoiily will not ho likely to e- for
any length of lime. To this wo answer, that a
e Government constituted like onr Fodcr i. (iov
n entineiil, may always he exueetod to bo je.ions
n in its legislation, when directed to subject hear
if ing upon the local and conllieting inter sis of
the connlrv. The reason is obvious, on the
i slightest i idled inn. Such a I love. 111111:11 , w hen
il ■ ; ;eised over sog'eiil an extent ol eoiMl _v a
s mrs, can never ho exj oeled to imdurst uni the
1 ..|.,d interests llnoti, limit sutlieiditly well In
I .giapiti. so theni. With the best intentions,
a there fora, it would eve have as. tile suee of
s- t.liiiid" 1 and eiror, in the eonslaiit and irr.medi
Id 1,,1 igno a o', of lo.'al iliie.ests. liut the Gm
1. in. in it y"oeld be likely to he vicious in its leg s
<imi, oven if 11 nnderstiiod liaise interi'-'.s; 111
I. ..use none" oftbe high le.iu taiion which would
el : ., 1,., hel l out to some of those into osls to
1 alone and teak-' common cause, nu'il a major
a v i( ft,mi'il, and ih ri to | rnceed to the
as , M . ression of th inorilv.
ie In pro;orlian (0 the ex'.-in o' eoiinlty is, gen
s orally speaking, the diye;Stly and cn lision of
si interest, amt where there is .t.ve sily ofintiifesls
I there will ho eonii nmvises and emnliin itioi.s
) ii 11 toti'g some of them, until the im; edimcnls to
1 ic ion are overthrown ! and thenlodonht, yvlien
y thus lie tiling a majority, that they will h ■ gay
If erned by motivns of sin limml aggramli.'.emeiU,
would bolo doubt the operation of llio most uni
e versally inolive spt ing to action implanted in the
1, boast of man, wiiieli, howexer uncertain we
1; may sir . use it In be when <>; erating on imliv i
duals, never fails to exercise its inlhumeo on
e mnllilinles or eoiiiiemiitlcs. Thus it is, that
ie aa"lf interest stimulates the majoi ily In blither its
1 wel are bv 1 arlial legislation, at the expense of
the minority.
M .j.eilies are almost always right, wo are
at vei)-teadv tn cmp'inle, whenever tiroy have no
ie iinnierliale peculiar interests in opposition to
s those of minorities ; but when such cmiliding
I, alienists exist, surely ho must ho ig imant al
- the 1' 1 i 11 1 -i 1 las of hitman lia'mc, who w ..1.l eon
y lend so thn infallibility of their measures. And
p here we wish not to he nnilerslnod as im. tiling
e. il ini.pi rs to the great masses of p.eojilo com
■- j.i-ing those sectional majorities; when they
■ ad ivn ugly, they may he peiTectiv hom-.-t mil
It in their cotl.se; their j rej-t.li-es :
i- may he honestly generated th ough the intluenco
ofsell’int. ,osl. The great inas? of mankind 1-
0 dn.oat always honest, however erroneous i s
i. judgments may he. or howevo- wi- kod the 1.-ip
e > -.re who eoiiirihnle tn their misguidance,—
i' Il is hy no means necessary that wo sleml ( mj.
1 .>d • dishonesty to the people to ms.ml 1111 the ar
• gimient.
a In a government, linn, whose ncli ms is foil 1
h through so yvide a Territory ns that of ,!>e F, Je
-1 i;■ I Government, mid wiiieli may >. nude 1.
a.e a e en so many . onlliding in . o-ts, and
, cense, ineiitlv PIIIIIII s under so in a and eon
- slant tern; laitons to partial legislnti n, -.pr.dv n
■ cannot he tinjirope that the majority should he
y oM'.'.'diiu'ly cautious in its action, ami should
I sum. times consent to a lepealoftts ads, wiien
• ja.lge.l by a large and res et table minei ity to be
stilly e.six e of its lights and itlte esls.
i bet iis look now a moment to onr larid'. and
1 see whether il be not obnoxious to some ot those
> object tolls which we have described. And wo
b believe vve may, with mt fear or contiadietion
assert, that there is so aeely one single article in
- Ihe whole ratnlogno of proteeteil eeinmoililies
which would luxe iceeiv -a proteetixNi singly
■ nit.l unconnectoilly with every other ; and xy hy
■ is lids the case 1 11. cause every a.tide, j.rotee
• led is a lax on every so el ion of the eommmiiiv
: not engaged m its production : and a lax whirl)
each section is im willing to hear, unless it van
roeeive its npi videal.
'l'he si here of protection has, the adore, been
snl.wgod, merely with a view of adding stienglli
to the j arty; and llio internal im fovument in
-1 lervst for liio same reason, lias been admitted
1 into die coalition—an interest wiiieli has 1.0 natn
-1 ral alliance lor, or alVmity to the T int!'—lint the
I tv., a e b ought together, ami ha inonizc only
I 0111 tl • . bcninst-pice of their eommon depen
dene ' on the Government, and the necessity of
their union, to secure a majority in the national |
councils
IVow let us for a moment east a glance on the
various 1 onions of the Union, while this com
promise is going fonvaid. We b, hold up exten
sive district of country stretching along the At
lamie frontier fioni the Uiiesa;., .ike, almost to »
Ihe Gulf of Mexico, wholly extruded from the •.
compromise. Fllessed with geniality of clime
fertility of soil and advantage of position, it asks 1
lor no protection. It pioduees corn, wheat, to- *
burro, rice and cotton, as clieaji ns am nation on *
die globe can rear them ; and to otTe; this exten
sive country, protection, as an indemnity for '
lasses sustained by the American System, w ould •
seem to he adding indignity to injury. Tints it '
is impossible that this section can escape from the t
■ni ibwi—i ii i i»x—aa
rax imposed by protection; it can take no pari j i
,f the bounty. It loses on the proloclion ot
woollens, cotton, hemp, iron, and salt, &c. ami ,
»ains in not one single item. Tlu lavish expen
rliuircs on internal improvement have scarcely
reucheil it.
Again, there are the navigating and commer
cial interests—interests of which every Ameri
can may justly feel nrotnl —which have been
an ested in their rapid giowth by tiio blighting
influence of the Tariff
Can one wonder, then, when contemplating
this state of things, that discontent and murmur
should arise! That the minority should he in
dignant at thislreattnentofii sectional majority'!
Can any liberal member of such a niajotily with
these facts before him, say that the majority
should unyieldingly persevere in its cou se!
But tlmic is another view of tins subject,
which we think may well he to the
so ions ce.'isiilcration of the majority. Two ol
the most salutary chin ks which can ho exerted
on governments, a.e the responsibility ol the
representative to his constituent, and ins subjec
tion to all the evil as well as the good conse
uenen of his acts. Now, in a government like
dial ofthe United Slates, when ns action ope
rate* on the conflicting interest of the eoninium- j
I ty the first of these checks, instead of upending j
I advanlagcoits'y to the initio ity, may he piotlne- ;
live of the very evil complained of, and the l
second may cease to speak. 1 bus the respon
sibility olThc representative causes him to shield
himself under the well known wishes of the
constituent. The grottier the oppression of die
minority, the giealni, temporality at least, the
■•ains ol'tliK inajoiiiv, and cons- u. nlly through
die infallible medium of self interest, the giealei
the temptation to pa.li d and unjust legislation.
And thus you have the law passed by die sec
lion il m jo ity, upon whom it opoiatof favora--
lily; in f.ict the morn favorably the nion unjust
a may he, and withmil, yea, di eclly contrary to
die voice of those upon whom it nets uidavora
by; and who c can yon find irresponsible pow
e more cornplelely exercised tliiui hero " beie
those wlih reap all the advantages ot the law,
enact it against those who seller all the evil!—
Uni us look to die passage c.f the laiifl' in 1 ’’2B,
and sec whelhei flume serious objections limy not
he n ged against it upon lids ground.
“tin the'final question in the House of Rep
.•sent .lives, all the members from the Southern
Status, Viigini.a, No. th Carolina. South Carolitifl,
and (Jen gia, voted against the hill, except three
members'from Vi-ginin, iftnl three others from
that Stale who were absent. All the members
from the South Western Status—-Tennessee,
Alabama, Mississip; i, and Louisiana, voted
against Urn bill. Ml the members font the
Weslo n States—Kenlticky, Ohio, Indiana, Illi
nois and Missouri, voted for the bill, except one
Porn Misr-ou i, who voted against it, amt oho
fr, .in Ohm, absent font inrlis, unit ion. <>l the
delegations of the middle slates —Maryland,’
Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Now York, fifty
six roll'll so: the bill, and eleven against it. Se
veil were absOrl on the tmalijilestion, and thine
was one vacancy front death Ol die ili ven
dissent idols, five were f,out Maryland and six
eprescnlcd coimiunrml districts in New Vo k.
Tim delegations of Pennsylvania, New Jersey
and Del.iwine, whether ibs- ul or pres* nl, were
mn.iiiirmiisly In. lilts hill. Only one ot too d-le
gates film M a viand voted fflv tins bill, but it is
believed dial linen who woe absent ap .oved
of dm I'l'inei' K and only . p vt • <1 to .be details.
M irvb.nd. lying between Virginia arid Pennsyl
vania. is naturally divided on every sectional
ipscsiion. The New l.tiglaml delegation stood
I lifs'ctt In tin- hill, and I wenly-eighl against it.
They brought lie ward the nma n e, and then
o .' used its lido lion, because it did not lake ex
1 nelly ties fo.rn most conducive to their sectional
lull' ISstS.”
I’ ('an any thing belter prove, limn the vc.tr son
this important occasion, that this was ] tncly a
.iii'sti.m of compromise and sectional interests,
snd that the inteiosls of the minority are wholly
1 disregard d'l And what can li .vo a more cor
-1 tain tendency to co rn, I and o.erthrow cur in
| slitulions, than die exercise of such an inespon
silde. i,owe-, against the dearest lights and inter
• ests of the inino ity ? It wu« die c.xuicisc ofir
•i s-.opsiblc power, which hroko into fragments
■ the great nations of the eaidi. Look to Koine,
1 whose coinpiotins eagles ove’shadowed die re
-1 molest countries of the know n world ; and what
1 produced the dissolution mid coiiso<|Uonl down
fall of this umpire I It was th- exercise of irre
sponsible power. The governors of the provin
ees were not responsible to the people over
whom they ruled, and their tyranny was intole
rable.
What hut lire exercise of the flume kind of h -
resimnsihle power caused the emanci| nliun of
die Unilcil States ! Did not the Polonies deny
the right oftho H.ilish Parliament lo tax them,
unless through the medium of their own respun
-1 sihlo i o(nesentaliv es 1 And even if a small re
presentation hid been allowed them in the 11 i
lisJi Parliament, they would have been entirely
1 iinototcr.ted on all subjects relating lo conflicting
1 interests between the colonies and the mother
’ comilrv, for their representation would over
have been in a minority.
Are not these circumstances, then, well wor
thy the gravest consideration of the major ity,
and «uffii'!cnl to make it pause in its curve,'/
Do they not o- en to our view the very rx osed
cnnditiiin of minorities i« orir country, and the
absolute necessity lor the utmost to; heat truce
ami cireunts frclion on tho part of majorities?
A majority in our country, iro matter when and
how for lin’d, should ever hem these things
in mind, and recoil, cl that there are some tea
lu es in the absolute rule of a majority, even
woiso than the rower of a monarch or an aiisto
cracy. In the li st place, a sectional ma jority’ is
iin. i’i \ ions In the public, opinion of tho minority :
then the niajo ity and minority arc permanent,
mid, eoiisc.jiiniilly, there is no hope of relief for
| the hitler; and, lastly, majorities are peculiarly
liable lo he governed by naircw and selfish con
siderations.
Wo concur in tiro sentiment oftho memorial
roai.eeting tho ue.jiiiescetice in the will of the
iiinjo- ity, if it be rest, icted, as we suppose it must
t o understood to he restricted, to acts within the
j limits of their constitutional powers. It does
| not derogate from a majority or from any earthly
power, to suppose them liable to err. It is the
condition of Immunity. Men on f.om ignorance
and weakness, ami are misled by their interest
and then passions; ami no passion mo e univer
sally actuates men than the desire of power,
and lo free themselves from the restrictions
which limit its exertions. If when an act, sup
posed tty a part of the people lo he unconstitu
tional, has one passed, opposition to it must
cease, then usurpation is consecrated by lira
very fact of having been committed. Divine
right is tube attributed neither to kings i.ur mu
jo itics.
Tho sentiment of passive r.hcd once has been
thought to degrade the subjects of a monarch;
it is slid less becoming an Atnoilean freeman,
and would be iil addressed to an American Con--
gross. We agree that such op. nsilioti should be
made by the most peaceful and constitutional
means, and we hope and believe that the forms
ofafeound popular constitution, will always
iifl’ord a remedy when there is just cause to com
i lain of abuse or usurpation of j ower.
We beg the indulgent consideration of your
honorable ho.lv lo the views wo have tints sub
mitted. W.M. HARPER. Jar Uimsdf an,l {
THOMAS K. DFAV,
•»*»
the Jhivno* •hp >\ —Wo l>nvo ro
c«'iveil tin* Itm-nos Ayres Pnrkcl ol'Dex*. I
21. Thf province scorned to he in nl
quiet state. Sente change win nntiei
pnted in the officers of some of the cle
(mi tnu'rts I'lhe government.
Tiro paper describes h remarkable tint!
'iiddeiuhtrkness. which appeared ut mid
day on the 27th. oeensionexl try a tin,* dust
which obscured the air. There was lit
tle wind, hut the dust wus so generally
diffuse din the atmosphere ns to £' v « a j *
yellow hue to every object, and if > - |
came so dark that candles and lamps i e
were generaliy lighted. The dust re- j t
inained on the ground presenting I" 0 !'
appeni-nnce of snow. The weather was 1 1
\\ aiMn, the thermometer til -2, and there j t
had been long continued drought, IHe i (
laithing season had lately commenced, m j
whit htunusenienl tlieladiesareacustont-j t
ml to join, and when the sudden dark-. t
ness came on the bathers were dispersed : J
in dishabille, ttflbrdiiiff a scene winch I
caused alarm to some and Amusement lo ; i
others,
lly the hrijf Gen. Wcshingtott, " e lj
iiave papers to January 2.
O.i (lie aitli of IJenember the termina- i
tion of the war with tin* Oecctnhriles wits i
ofticially announetd in n proclamation ol
General ({uiregro, who also r.nnounced i
that in* himselfshould very speedily re-,
lire to private life. _ j
Tlte treaty of; eace provides that «>l j
persons who have “fou/rht against the .
! cause ofthe people,” shall iinnuncdiately j
• xjnit the Argrentine llepuhlfe. General
-1 Alverado tins his option lo remain 01- 1
j not. Titc prov ince of Salta to pay to •
tlie .trovernment of Rioja ir-iOJKIO in spe
cie, 11,.>!I0 head of eattke, K)0 oxen, and.
*20)0 horses, mid ho placed under the
(■omti-.nnd of Colonel Torr.'*. It is also to
deliver to Catamnrei.i s<K)i) head ol eat tie :
f<t Santiagfo del Ustero as ninny ; aml to
give indemniiy to tlie: Federalists lor pro- j
, party confiscated.
• nl
S!'tm!rr. —The cjisc of CJoo. V* . Mur
rtty against John A. Jones, at
v lie, was decided by a special jury before |
th.- lialdwin Superior Court, on Frsday, .
21 n-i I'l.cti'ial x'.omn enceil at LOo*clock: 1
tho testimony and the argument on the
various points raised by eonnsol in its .
l a* jrress. oc i’it pied the court -till U o clock, 1
J>, Si. when the ease witsably and elnh ■
0 •> tely argrnctl hy counsel ami submitted I
to the jury, with the charge of the Court.
! nl stiti' ise the next morning, who rendered .
I i verdict IhrtjtolHKlduiimjjos. Counsel for’
j plantifi. S. Ror kwell. U K. Hines, and j
j W M Rockwell C.-ips'. For the defen
' ditnt, Netihorn Jones and John H. Uow
j :ii*d, Esq’rs.— SuViiivuih Ocargitin,
’ j —*9»«-
Aceoiditnr to tt i’nrliamenttiry nnpet I
recently published, in relation to News ;
' naper rvtninps, in Gcent iliitiiin lor tin !
jfj a years endintr with \'**'»l, it appears i
I tha the number of-Id. stamps in Ij
1 ' was2l.Hfi2.iWi—in IW<2. The ]
| a count ol duty paid for Ail ]
in the year IKJO. was C 157,182 7s. Id. of j
, this amount the I.oinloii 'l’itnes paid.
C15.3J2 Ins. (id., while the highest stint I
p ml by any other journal was a little
i more titan R 7,000. The snip of the above
• .lo tctinl for the year IWil. exceeds its sale
in IS'ii) b*. seven Immlred and twenty
1 ’ oirvlif titorisand and fourteen copies, ami
1 i il-T*.-«le fi-r lire last year was expect
• ; eil to he 1 JOJ.OOt) copies, nearly LfiJiMififl
‘ j above trie sale ofthe preceding year.
j j ••■>*!ft»<-*«*
A niGllß\M) ANECDOTE. .
, j cv si;; w.-.j/rnu scott, iiaut.
. | /■’(•(*;« Ilf' !v. .-/■«//■(' fur IWW.
; The smite course of n tleelion which
. j led me to transmit to yon the account of
r tlied -alii of mi ancient borderer, induces- i
- me so add the particulars of a singiiltir in
- ) eidc if. nflln ilingr a point xx liich seems ;
• | highly t|itnlified lo he iihtslrafed by (he;
i ; pencil. It was suggested hy the spirited
’ i engraving of the Gored Huntsman, j
1 1 which adorned the first number of your |
, work, and perhaps bears too close a re- 1
1 semblance to the character of that print
~ to admit of your choosing it us n subject
. tor another. Ol'this you arc the only
competent judge.
The story is an old. bat not an ancient
f one ; the actor or-aiderer was not a wry
)' | aged man, when 1 hoard the anecdote in
t my early youth. Dtmer.a. for so 1 shall
' call him, had been engaged in tho affair
of 171(5, with others of his class, am! was
supposed hy many to have been an tte
, complice, if not stclor in a
r r ertaia tragic affair, which made nttieli
r noise a good many years after t!io rebel
lion. lam content with indicating this
- in order to give some idea of (he man's
• charm ter, which was hold, fierce and en
: terprising. Traces cl'lliis natural dispo
-1 sition still remained on Ham-aft's very
', good features, and in his keen grey eye.
J But the limbs like those of the aged hnr-i
I defer in my f Titter tide had become tin
j able to serve the purposes and obey the j
. die’ates of hi < inclination. On tho one
i side of his body Ito reiained the proper j
lionsam! firmness of an trelivo mount an- \
' cer; on (lie other lie was tt disabled crip- J
: ale. scarce able to limp along the streets, j
The eatt-o which reduced him to (his I
state of infirmity was singular.
Twenty years or more before I knew 1
Dimean. he assisted iris brothers in form !
ing'a large graxiagi in the Highlands,
comprehending on extensive range of
mountain and Ibrest, land morass, lake
and precipice. I: ehnneed that a sheep
or goat xv a a missed from the (locks, and
Darnmn. not satisfied with dispatching
his shepherds in one direction, went him
self in quest ofthe fugitive in another.
In the course ofitis researches, he was
induced to ascend a small and narrow
path lending to the top of u high preei- |
pice. Dangerous ns it was at first, the j
read became doubly so as ho advanced.
It was not much more than two feel |
broad, so ragged and difficult, and. at the 1
same time so terrible, that it would have
been impracticable to any but the light- ,
sfepnnd steady brain of tt Highlander.
The precipice on the right rose like a
wall, and on the lelt sunk a depth which
it was giddy to look dawn upon : hut
iltmeun passed cheerfully on, now w hist
ling the Gathering ol'his (.Man, now ta
king hoed to Ids footsteps wlie;; the oil’- ,
(lenities ofihe path particularly required
caution.
In this manner, he had mere titan half
ascended the precipice, when in midway
and it might almost he said, in middle i
air he encountered a hack ofthe red-doer 1
species, ratmirg down the cliff by the 1
smite path in an opposite direction. If j
Dimean had had a gmt no rencontre .
| could of been more-agreeable: hut as he 1 ,
had not this advantage over the tlenizen
ofthe wilderness, the meeting was in!
thehighesl degree unwelcome. Neither
party had the power of retreating, for | ®
the stag had not room to turn himself in ’
*“ Tlie Death of tins Lmrfls Jock published in I
tha Keepsake for 1629. — Eil.
fA Pastoral furra. i,
the narrow path, and if Dimean had
turned his back to go down he knew
enough ofthe creatures habits to tu
certain that he would rush upon him
while engaged in the difficulty ot the re
treat. They stood there!ore perfectly
still, and looked at each other in nnUaal
embarrassment for some space.
At length tlie deer, which ol tac
csl size, began to lower his locimdahle
antlers, as they do when they are brought
to bay. and are preparing to rash upon
hound and huntsman. Duncan saw the
danger of a conflict in w hich he must
probably come by the wore:, ami ;'sa lust
resource strelcbed himself on the. little
ledge of rock w hich he occupied, and
thus awaited the resolution which the
deer should take, no! making tho least
motion for fear of alarming the wild and
suspicions animal. 'I hey remained ta tnis
posture for three or loan ’ h' urs, in Hie
midstofa rock which would have sailed
the pencil of Salvator, ami which afford
ed barely room enough for tho man and
the stag, oppos 'd to each other iu mis
1 extraordinary manner.
At length the buck seemed to ta xo the
i resolution of passing over the ohsirtcle
which lay in his pnlh, and with titis pur
-1 pcse approached towards Duncan x etj ;
i slowly, and with excessive caution. I
When lie came close to tho llighlaU'.er, !
he stooped his head down as if to exam
ine him more closely, when the devil, or
the untameahie loveofsport. pecuuur to
I his comtiry. began to ovetcomo Idtn
j can’s feat s’. Seeing the animal proceed
I su gently, he totaj'y forgot not only the
i .lingers of ids position, but the nuptial
which oeiLtitdy might have
! been inferred from the cireumstatteos of
; the situation. \V ith one hand Duncao
! seized tite deer’s horns, whilst with the
i other he drew his dirk. Slut in tae same
I instant the buck hounded over the peerd
; pice.em rying (ite Highhindor along win.
j him. They tvciil down upwards of a hun
dred Cc. t.cV were found the next, morning
( in tlie spot w here they fell- Fortune, v- ho
I does not always regard retributive jus
; tire in her dispensations, ordered that
I i!,.. floer should fail underneath and be
killed upon Hie spot, while Duncan es
.'•aped will) his life, bat with the fracture
ofn leg, an arm and three ribs. In flits
-tale he was {’ottrial 1 y mg* on the carcass ol
1 the deer, anti the injuries which ite had
j received rendered him for the remainder
! This file the n ipple I have described.
; t never could approx'e ol Duncan s c'ni
| duct towards the deer in a moral point of
i view*, (although, ns (ho innn in the play
! sairl he was my friend) but tho teinpta
| : ion of a hartof grecoe irffcritig as it were.
, his throat to the knife, would have suh
j clued Hie virltto ofalmost any deer stalk
j or. Whether (hennecdoie is worth ro
j cordiag. or deserving of illu-trati a, re-
I mains for your consideration. I have
j ;riv»*n you the story exactly as I feet.l
I led it.
I’JIOM m:d; TALf.VI-\9s*l iTfifiUMV.
FI.OiHD V IM-AVil.Vi.
Mr. Wii.son will plea- e to insort the
following statement of fuels in his paper
; —they can Ire sustained by the most stit
I isfudot y proof. A rs. &c*
31 r. Isaac: Fort, of (Mipo’n, hud one
; himdred tttid three acres of cane, pm t c(
his last crop. From this ho cut - tuTccioiri
1 to plant fifty acres, and from the residue,
he* mud;* oar. himdred and Iwentv-live
j thousar.il pounds, cr one Intndred arc!
twenty live hogsheads ol’good iiiereiiant
ahle sugar, and foui teen thousuiul gul
j ions of molasses.
j Owing So (lie extremely severe wrath
|er in Decemhc r last. x*. lech caught tt
1 cpj'oat. deal ofitis cane slnitdittgin the lb Id,
| mid the subsequent warttt sjxpll he* xvas
| compelled to grind up into tnolases twen
ty live acres ol’his cane. Me had in ail
: dilion tex his cane, lo acres of cotton,
| w hich yielded about 20 hales. 1-0 acres
in corn, which returned IfiiO barrels—2(l(l
bushels of oats from 20 acres, and from
lo acres in potatoes lie made ItKfl) hash
ids. In making tills crop lie worked .‘III
j hands 10 of whom were employed in hdii
-1 ding &c. until it was, necessary to save
Iho crop. About that time he purchased
20additional hands. lie used a x evticul
or perpendicular mill, worked by fimr
males, and whilst he had five boilers em
j ployed, made five hogsheads a day. One
:of his hollers hursted, niter when he
• made lur. four, I’Jmules were employed
| altogether, innking three sc ts or reliels.
; The mill was frequently stopped with a
j fall head of jiii'*--* Out of lifi y hands cm
! ployed, ah at 2(5 were fellows.
I believe that the mill boilers Are. v hen
; put tip cost nliont ¥!()(■<).
The estimate on (his sAppoeilion will
I Ice this :
j 12ii lilicls. at 5 cents a pnnncl,
’ J 1000 galls, of Me lasses at 20 els. 4200
) 20 bales of c otton at per bale 500
10150
CONTRA.
Mill, Ac. first cost 4000
Clear profit on sugar, A c. .‘JrfiPo!)
O $139 to llicr hand, containin'; the fifty.
[Noth iiv tmk Uni run.] —ln making tho above
estimate, wo observe that the entire cost of Hie
mgar xvo.ks iscleihiclecl. The interest on S4OOO,
and wear and tear oftho machinery, may bo es
timated at 20 per Cent, sav 800, which deduct
ed firm 10,950 leaves 20,150 or 200 dollars to
i lint band, supposing that the whole of them had
j been employed tho entire year, which was nut
i the case.
Comrls.—' 'fids year, IS; 12, will introduce to
ns one of those extraordinary phenomena, wliicrli
at so recent a period as the middle of tho 15th
century, had struck civilized Europe with dis
may. It appears that another cornet, and the
only one whose elements have been accurately
ascertained amongst the f>o2 which arc siMposod
to belong lo our system, will pay to ns in' p-T;0
his poi iodical xisit, after an absence of 7(1 years.
And what shall tender the eomet of 1832
still more remarkable is, that it happens to bo
that very one which blazed with a tail of such
immense extent in Hie year 1450 as it will in
18:12, occupying an arch of 90 degrees in tin* !
Heavens, of half the celestial hemisphere, and !
whose singular appearance at that period, logo- '■
liter with the invasion of Europe bv the Bir>ra- I
fens and die complete destruction 'of tin: Con- i
stantinopolilan ((reek Empire in Asia, so terrified i
Christian i’ inces as to issue a form of prayer i
wherever both tlie Turk and comet had been i
propitiated.
A letter Horn an American gentleman at Paris
says, “(tnr countryman Ceoj er is engaged in
writing another romance, the Ucio'cmnrnu r,
which is in the press—die scenes are laid in
(lermany : its introduction and lar«-t chapters I
have read. 1 can only say, from this specimen,
that it will at least not detract from die reputation
of his high powois.”
V, JM \ un! ui7k ; > II
“Hr jj
CIIiRLV.STON,
Snnar Refinery.— Scarcely any thing VB'
\is it oil in Charleston afforded inn mure 'p-üBS *fr
tiiicalion, than the Sugar llofmeiy p*
wakji Bimkni, on Ansou-slreet n.."
* 116 f-Q>-
lishmenl is vuty large, and cost, origin* 7 JHaitt
wards, of s3o,ooo—the principal building..." |B ‘l***
stories high, and very long; from the jj ts
ry of which is a beautiful view of all Cln r l r H|| a '
and the bay, rivers, and adjacent country, f,
process us refining is very interesting, bntr,” ■"
melons and ffoiupl'.v in its pa-ticulars vffi
so probably for my capability of making a n inteli flw'
gible dusciiplion of it, but I cannot 100 sH n »i fc* l
express tbo satisfaction to bo derived f o-n ti 'Ktb
cxaniiiiaiion of it. The Suporintendant % '> • 9pa
ii.n.v.v, is very agreeable and gcmlcmsj, j 5 PflM
his manner, and polite and attonlive to visiters i, *”
and appears to lake much pleasure in sbewin• »
them tbc establishment, and all itsminuiia. Tv" j.-’gEi
broun sugar is first pul into a large vat, & xjjH
with Hie chemical ingredients used, and am |
j ihotn, ivory black, which is a new substitißefn. y.jß
i blood, and said to be very fir superior to ii*.|| l( 3pwl
sugar in which it is used being woith twocem s jfl I
j per pound, more than that refined with b| % ,i [®SB
i which is now altogether excluded from u.;... BapM
| tabllshinent.- After being suitably ImiU .i
j li ;uor is drawn off a ltd ) cured into red »»«>.. | ! a|jß
j warn mauids, which are placed with the join* IB
i downwards —too oilier end entirely open-asi
after the li ,uor lias sufiieenlly cooled, a layer of I
wet pipe-clay is placed over the sugar,*remt* I’■
liiere till its moisture is completely uhsoibcd ki |
the sbgar,'through which it passes, & out of fe B
i vessel through] tlio'small hole at the point ft I
I dornoatb. In due time the sugar is taken«
‘j of the mould and retains the form thereof; * I *
1 that which is properly refined is baked hard I
a sort of baking room, while such as is not,j I
. again boiled over, &c.—and some nfitiL, |
parses through the same process several time Kfl
> each succeeding process presenting, if we reef I
■ loot rightly, an inferior quality. Not a pailitk I
1 i.; lost; tlio peculiar economy in preventing >vas>«
is not a little iiitnrosling to the vislor, and afir: H ;
the last p-ocoss, the remainder is a rich ami tier ImH
Tieaclo, sold at the same price us common)k MflH
j’ lasses, hut of a decidedly superior quality. Tu KB
general system and order of the establishment HH
though various and complicated, are maiiiliiinw E
throughout with boautitui exactness, and an H|
therefore peculiarly interesting. 1
This establishment depends not npnn anv pro H|
tection from the government, hut upon its own E
, individual resources, its capital, industry,and In B
comparative merits us the articles it brings lift I
jj’bo market, and lliu protection they may iiiciit I
I and command from the public; and 1 unde:stand I
that those articles are not only of a better quail- I
ly generally, than those manufactured at lU
0 North, but can be allii dod, and are alio, dial, t: fl
1 Hover prices, and, as might ho ex .ecled under
such ciieumstalices, are, as last as I hey can f ■
p produced, excluding them font the Soullieit
p! maiket. Its business is continually increasing, i
i j extending throughout the whole South, Coiisid- j
•. I ruble quantities of its Sugar are sent lo August.. M
t‘ | amunir oilier places : and it lias orders on li.iini »«
Il' I ’
■ for •1.0f.0 loaves mote than it can supply t'. fa
some time. This is the uuniiina ‘‘Aincdcia lli
System”—fen..ded upon the only legitiniuti. y
piiiicijdes of free tr title, equal rights, the uiiiliue- H
:i j interest of both the huyer and seller, and sue'. I
1, protection as the jieop! c, individually, may
H liiink proper lo award, according to the respec
tive merits ofthe articles presented lutliem; and I
who else can he as fair, correct, and competent I
s judges? And, relying, as ibis establisliineiit I
() does, upon these principles, wo are proud of it
u as a mnnufurttlnj, and a Southern inaiinfactoiy,
- and hope it will receive, as it deserves, the most
liberal protection from owry Southerner. Tim
assertion that the South is 100 much, and unjust
j ly, prejudiced against homo manufactures, and
j that they ought therefore to be officially pro
i’ tecled against this prejudice, is false. It is not
- prejudiced against them, merely as inumifuc
l! lures, hut as unjustly p o’oetod manufactures—
’j protected without authority, and to the manifest
injury and impoverishment of Southern iiilcr
|( csts, for the benefit of those ofthe North, East,
and West. Lot home manufactures be left lo
the protection of tlio people, according to their
il individual meiits, and tlio people will protect
them, and the Southern people not loss warmly
than any others, so far as to give them the pre
ference over the foreign ones. But, when that
which should ho afforded at will, is demanded as
a rigid, and what would he liberally extended
as a favor, is eoerretl as a tribute, they will not
pay that tribute—the Southern people, at least;
ami rather than do so, will even pay an extia
price for the foreign article, as they ought to do,
in justice to their characters us men and fret
men. There is no merit even in doing right, by
, compulsion; and men who properly fool this,
, will do wrong, contrary to their natural will, as
tlio only means, under such circumstances of
, preserving the invaluable privilege of voluntari-
I ly taking the right in preference to lliu wrong,
t rather than being forced lo take it. And under
the influence of ibis feeling, in addition to a nr
ccssary sense of sectional interest, and sectional
1 oppression, lias arisen the prejudice ofthe Soutli
1 against the Nut thorn manufactures; and the pro
tection on manufactures, so far from lurving in
duced the Southern people to foster the estab
lishment of manufactories at the South, as we
were falsely and impudently told wag one of in
objects, has tended materially to exclude them
from it. T!ie Southern people ought not to de
grade themselves by paying a cent of the tri
j bate so long coerced from thorn, where they win
i possibly avoid it, by purchasing the foreign raa
| nnfaclurcs in preference to the So; them ones;
: and this cvoiy Southerner who has a proper
i sense of the degradation, we should suppose
! would do. “ Millions for defence, hut not a cent
j for tribute," said the gallant and patiiolio Pinck
’ n-y; and this should be the motto of every true
J Southerner, so long as the degrading and im
| poverishing tribute is attempted to be enforced.
Srii.vM Saw Mill.—On the wharf, near its
northern extremity, and the lower cad of .Socie
ty street, is a Steam Saw Mill, belonging to,
and erected by Thomas Benxet, Esq. formerly
Governor of the State, which is welt worth tlio
attention o r strangers. Tits building is of href;