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~‘..V . .-poi.ii PUtJjloArtn ul
atir.ued (except at lit? choice of
•Vi'S an- .a-erc’-d eemi-v*rkl;i
V !.n:: 1
m iiis.,»-!ion — ttcckly, «l 6- .--
h inserimr; at e T.ctikij (when
re) «« iK ‘ f «•.»•.. insert me.—
is claimed i.'FKllian one-neare.
**,d ’.m.sl latveti.c idiial.fr o.
> wcal.i; . xvriiten on il.fia, or
j-weckly till foil.id, ami ctinr
irm liimse'ftho cNt ofallreiriU-j
■ ■■ 11 i,v .Mail—llf person remits
anil oh jif ias from Ha' I’osl
ri-lial ac kno wlr.Prvnieal o( Hie.
„ his oilier, which .shall tat given.
HBUNITED STATES
nr.
■iui!r-tora, and Otiardinnt.
; ,r M'.tiUOEtJ. liyAdinicislrn
rdiatis, are required, by law, to
lay ill the month, between the
ami three in the iifleruoon, at
toaMy in.wl.Wt the proper,,v i
. sales must la I'lvr-n in u pub.rc
■vions lo llie day c-t sate.
■.rsmial propel ty, imisl lie £ivr.n
ili>vs previous lo ilia day ol -ale.
d cruiiitors of an estate., must lie
will he made' ’to the. Court o.
MjA.Nl> or NKUaoKS. must
wrapty.aiWA .“V. ’ '• JJ"" V-'”*rßUe±
|;gTA» _
i. -I EI.V ~^ si -_‘
, ami fear not. 1 ’
IV’S BjRGUCU.
lent production; which we
ultarly suited to ahe limes;
Joes, a most striking view
mill its probable unci ()ossi
iuM be attentively read if-t
citizen of llie Slale--«s it
rest, and valu iblo infurma
not too much so,for lint m
os the subjoins it discusses,
(Inch they are set forth.
HOi. R\ .
>ie ,v- Haven, and is in ore as
to, rn the ld.li, there we e
) deaths; oil the loth, 13.1
itlis; on llie llfch, 10.1 new
and on the 17ili, 110 new
, <>tn,sa raottPE.
lire 1., Ufa. Minnies of a line spl
o •ipihorjie oonii*y, vvnlfh wc
tvi i, liiivin■{ turn Jcwi u,| .n»p.*
i»if to loixt* t’lp Mil.jm oftiic ra
id i’»*• view of .i. i<*riiitiiii«tr on
• p>.- n ’ An,l, ii*v\f mi-iukv •)' t,
long lli-lilld'liM :t'i l l*rit - ioli >•
1 1 llb‘ l..lr:» p »ri.) i mi, mi l
r will ir’-litoiul wc.l woriS.y
l iyos a l‘:;U *E. I**l,lE le«> IfJO.VEiI,
ml y, luyiiij nl'
clt nion «»r v. ojiiuiitiM's, oml dis
•ii lo (to: i nv «ii* l*i s ort'i*iiEif*H ,
•iwecm I‘iom* pM'>sr.<. I'or.t y i n
1 ific ’!';irffVof*lt?.{*J :i J’arill, s’lll
I nj»pn*.->i ■/«*, tSiiiii tlie olio or’*Jh
m, nml tU't Uk* tru" jighln
iiiKMiH— a co»i!>!E. wi.iHi cminoi
I caiilidi’iirE gt'ia'rally, ami j.t
mi liglijmicp At) the cou-c. Aral
an t liiOTiiiiuble.example, eg it
iiiial one, to the many >imil <r
übuully lollow. All party <iis
i veil,in ileyotlon lo the right* and
the ijiitisiion, noyv plainly pre„
*l.i very! Ami, as to .scrlmual
<, not whether you arts a North*
i wlifilier you will jiroln t ami
i you live, ami which generous
on ?
w riting il* above, that we nre
> h*avc out the minutes ofilic
want of room.
{\'N K!*l.r.( 11,
ratio ft Vinner, at Afipflng,'
* vn t/ic Sth July, lbo'2:
ust having been d,anJt
l.^q.—y]j; a hir advneate njf
i flintseqiiulhisiihiliiies”—
>J addressed the Company '
in reception accorded by
•ast just (irarib, amj their i
I a reply, impose n; cm me
tendering my obligations,
•horn it was offereil, Tho’ j
iraelor of an ahlc adviKiale
i say I am an open and an
"ling that it will meejl
ion, and knowing that it ■
i with the wishes of the,
will embrace this opportn-1
<l, of Puvir'g a low words, |
idication of my political!
core readily, for a crisis isj
onnly to test the correct
its princij his; and I know
tr indulgence, even isl in
the flow of your fesliv it”,
s has arrested your alien
jjiliiti'iijj the public, mind.
• political discussion. We
crisis does crime, it may
Ml altitude, 111 i el,i, mil to
' nl> 'lie honor of hoi own
herai Weitare of our conn
'd-a distinct and pnihaps
....
ice of opinion among our
1 hecoining more und mom
as "signs of the l ines,"
v array of pnliiical p ntics
10 *he heralds of another
I ourselves. Some id our
“■ evidently da c; mined to
'wmiti/.e„-, though 1 hope
of liie U.irolin i theory, ii (
important question, lliu , ... (
oecii| y, in reference to tin
i and tho contempt I'ed
t State, and ,1m Govc n.
tales: Though I hope
1
j demonstrate jhat there is but one oomse marked 1
■<ml lor Georgia-,nm ked out by fueling and in
teres!, by patiiotism and hoijor,— yet as lam
. somewhat tinolii;e,d with “tie heresy,” as it
i fomts ill my cvyn view of it, a distinct and ,flp
. Inmiipoytiint article in my poliljoal creed, I vv'iii
i even venture, confi Jji,g ni the strengih of u_eoo<l
I cause, ‘ to talk a Word,” in its sii|ip<>r,t, tvithone
- ,' j| m “ sl «'^anil opponents,
j whose recent argiiinenls, you have all read with
, so. intense an interest, and which seems to have
produced upon the public mind, sc decisive an
. ttl C.tg -•
Iho distinguished gentleman to whome I ah,
jpjude, commences his "examination” with the
■ jjOtaicessiup. nt that fundamental principle, taken
I IpJ vu,r y advocate, of State If ip Is, ami without
i 'whic h, indeed, we could do nothing, viz : “Thai
; in ail cascr. of compact among parties having no
, common jo !go, each parly has an equal right
| to judge fc’r itself, as Well of infractions, as of the
. mode and measure of redress; and th ;t the
■ federal Constitution i-: a case of such a .coin
, pvt. Ue then declares, (what Ido mil mean
to deny) “that tho right of each, is qualified her
' , 11'o right ot every other for, he says, and truly,
Host it any one had a pcrjict right of practical
j interpretation—that of giving effect to his own
j,Opinion —the rights cf all the others must yield
to it, and all those oih.ers, so far from enjoying
j e paid rights, would, practically, possess no right
jat a!!. As an illustration ot that position, he
'gives ns the tallowing example. "Two pei
, sons, placed in a situation where they can have
' no common judge, agree ,td build a house joinl
j ly, on a specified plan. During llie jirogress ol
; (he work, they differ in their explanation of the.
original design. Each has a perfect right lo
consider his own explanation the line one, but,
neither can have a perfect right to execute the
work accoiding lo his own judgment, since, il
such wore the case, the other, who in theory, has
an equal right, would in practice have none at
all. Asa house cannot he V lilt Pi two Wavs at
the same lime, their practical rights, unavuida
.hly conflict, and each, in maintaining his own,
must necessarily oppose that of the other. Un
less one, thercfoie, voluntarily yields, or theie
is a cum;.” online, force can alone decide between
ttiein.”—Now, fellow citizens, let mo vviy this I
illnsiration a little, so as to oiesent an exact an
* * v * ■ • *
alugy, hetwe-.u paities in a .Stale of nature, mi l
the position taken by a sovereign f'tato of this
confederacy, in exoi cismg the cancelled right, o: >
I construing the Federal Compact, and of ontai c
' ing ihu construction. A. U and C, “agree 1“
hnihl a house, jointly, on a specified pdaii.”
They employ L>. for lint! purpose. A dispute
I about the "original plan” arises,during :!’c con
rii.iiitlieii of the huihliiig, between D, llie xftrenl
i ot liie company, and A. ore of his employers.
. ilj'.v is lids dispute to be settled? Evidently,
by a leferenee to all the principals—to A. 1!.
nodi’.—ami, bow are they lo act'/ In the same
cap achy in which they mule lire o.igitial con
tract—as p - incipais, mid (is equals. It. and C.
■ (as seems 'lie ultimate .conclusion of llie writer
1 whoso argument 1 am about to ccmbal} wou'd
, most certainly have no rr”/;' to skulk behind D.
. and say to him, enforce your construction id’ the
i' articles of agreement between yoor principals.
; If A. resist, take your hammer and knock him |
', on the head, .You have a right lo .presume, th.it
| ire will sustain you: you have the ngm, not!
• j merely to interpret the "articles,” without any j
reference to vs, but even to take the life of A. .
1 should you deem it necessaiy.
j| 1 admit, fellow-citizens, that this would be
| a most summary mode of ending the conlrover- j
I, sy. How far it would comport with the lights
I of the parties—with moral right—or with the
, p' inciplca of justice, 1 leave it lo others to deter-1
. mine. . |
Now, take tlio issue about to he made up, he-i
tween (he sovereign .Stale of South Carolina,of
the one hand, and all llie parlies lo on. Federal
Corn; act, on the other. South Carolina, as one'
of liie sovc.eign parlies to the. compact, claims
• tho right of deciding hi that Capacity, n, on the
extent of her self imposed obligations—anil, by
| virtue of her spve eignly, to refuse obedience to
jan unconstitutional law, that,.law being, in her
i opinion, no part of the compact. We are loid,
j that the other parties h ive mu tight of nonsuiting
' the compact, uUo. 1 admit than uiostdis
' tmclly. As parties to (po compact, they do um
' qnesiionnhly, possess Ih .t nalit; but. b ; it re
' memlieierf, only as parties to the compact. Now,
in what .capacity am Iney parlies lo the coin
i pact? As "distinct politick? c.'imnimuics” —as
| sovereign '■hates. 1., t inoin, then, meet us
'sovereign stales, and construe the compact.'
I Let a convention of ail the tJI .les he called, i
1 This is llieii fi si measure, and, to the ado. iiuii
■of it, South Carolina could net oh'.-ct. Should I
j ’
; the m.ifoiity if cide .against her, they may then
eiifoicc their coiHiincttoir, of rather, may main
tain their ovv n , ighls. JJul, they are to give their
construction—lo enforce their lights, in liieir
high caj unity, assoveieign Slates. Ey the very
terms of the argument, it is only In that ciuiruo-
Jc., that they have the light ol conslrn ng the
compact at all, or choosing “their own mode,
ami measure ofiedrcss;” and, while maintain-1
ing l':t>ir own rights, nml r the compart, (key ,
must not inf. ingc upop the rights of South Caro
lina, independent if (he compact.-- Now, fellow
citizens,l ant about to consider the rclmnr,
of belli parlies, lam not enquiring what the
niajo ity vvou! I d how tliey would act, when
the crisis actually occurs. I urn only endeavor
ing in ascertain the extent of their just claims,
and considering the political relations existing
between lltq pa tie*, and their "mode and mea
sure of redress'.” What are their political rein
lions? Hear ao. icf and oompi eliensivo state
incut of them. " Evc.y State, on entei ing tin
Uni n, delegated a portion of its oiiginul sove
|11 i“11 ; over, and tfierchy subjected itsell to the
t legislalton id tin Qeitcial Government, to the
j ,jx! 'lb r power ceded. Cut, this dolegalior
r,v,is j,... made without an equivalent. Tin
3, at the same time, acquired a share of tin
.j.pu-o vowel of the General Government
.. ■ h-racquired tho tight, in conjunction wit!
,-ik-ates, to enact laws operating on all
. the other Stales, to the very same extent, that
sin. had conceded the right, to enact laws ope
rating upon hersdl. This was tho consideration,
the epiiil pro qua, the very essence of the har
’ • rM". —Umlui this statement, the extreme light
j ’^ e mujorily, would ainount to nolhing more,
than to insist upon exorcising the power they
understood South Carolina to delegate, or to
tom. hack the consideration they gave* for it—to }
i deprive her qflho equivalent she received—"her
share in life,.legislation of the General Gsvmn
- meet.” They may say to her: "yrmijannot
hold us 10. Our obligations, and refuse to dlsfjharge
; yo"-rs—yon must acquiesce in our decision, or
we ran no longer consider yon as belonging to
i the Union. \onr commerqp shall no longer be
V | ir °tectod by the American flag. . You shall no
longer be shielded, from foreign invasion, or
domestic violence, by the American Govern
itient. \ .vu M cannot enjoy the heiji fils <W the
Union, without paying for them, the slipiialedi
p ice.”—l submit, fellow citizens, xvheller II
have not faiily stated tho .extreme rights,) and :
the true remedy of the majority. On tho other
> hand, what are the extreme rights of South Caro
lina? The passage of an unconstitutionnlTaW,
is a violation of the romp apt. That art releases
rrouth .Carolina, froin all her Obligations. ■She
may not only resist that particular law; hut may
take hack all the "delegated powers,” and re
sume her original attitude—that of nn indepen
dent State. lint, it is evideql, she is qndep no
necessity to resort to this ultimate appeal. As a i
member of the Uijjoti—as a party to the com- |
pact—she may, in her sovereign capacity, de-1
vide upon tho extent of her obligations. While :
, recognizing all the obligations of the compact, *
she may reluse obedience lo an unconstitutional '
Uavv. The majority cannot deny in her, the*
right, to decide for herself, that a law is union- '
stilutional; hut they may, herrighttodecide/»r 1
them. From her decision, there is in appeal, f I
U) ail .the other parties, convened in their sove- i
reign capacity ; and the decision of the ninjoiity i
is binding upon the whole, or the Union ilse.lf is i
gone. i
Dot wo are told, that “ xvitlient any reference i
to new-fangled theories, tin? majority would uel .i
through the instrument dity of the General Gn-j'
f voroniont, wticse direct! >n is in .heir hands."
Putt who, and what is the General (iovernment ?
The agent of ail the parties)—the agent of South
Carolina and Georgia, aswo'lasof the res!—
un agent, acting under specific inslrmttions, mid j
which cannot, justly, t.ai;o a Mingle sle[r, without
finding' anilioii y for it in that Constitution, to
whinh it owes iis being, and from which il dc
i
i ivr-r its atl|linrity. Where would the GeiioiaJ
Government get the right, the Union still nisi ing
—of blockading the po ts of Smith Carolina ?
\\ here, have Georgia and S.ni'Ji Caoilim agreed, *
that the Aimy and Navy of the Union, given up j
to the General Government, for the common;
good of all the Stales, may he wielded hy that,
(Jovermnent against the States themselves !
Wielded, to vvr st f ohi ..them iln.ir rcsei veil ,
rights I —ln what duple tinea! of llie federal Go
verttment does this tremendous power reside I |
That there is no express delegation of such a'
power, will he readily admitted. Let ns see, ]
then, if there be no implied proliibitions. ,Tlie..
Constilmkon evidently conlem.pl ites, that no*
' exportations shall ho prevented from any State, |
• ?;v by i i -'s which extend equally to all —and!
j expressly declares, licit hy “no .regulation of
' coinmeice or rcrenne, shall preference he given 1
jto the ports-of one Citato, over I•.u of another." j,
| C r»i Congress respect those clauses of the Con j 1
.•dilution, and yet, authorize a blockade of llie ; 1
I Ports of a single .Staled J’y another clause, j 1
the United Stntcq are bound to,.protect. each, 1
Slate IVot'i invasion. Shall they become them-’t
'selves, the- invaders? There is one clause of 1
I the Consli.ltilion, winch contemplates, in lime of ■
' peace, the employment of force, hy the Union, 11
within the limilsof a parliculai Slate—JOdnpto/Jt >
that Slate from domestic violence I How is lha j 1
' Government of the United Stales, lo be official ) I
ly notified of the e."istei)oe of domestic violence? J
JJy llie application of the Slate j.egislalm a, or, J J
when the l.egishilure cannot bo cpn,veiisd, ofils, '
Fvecutivo. Can the Army and Navy of the V I '
“tales, he sent against Souiii Carolina, not upon 1
'die Hi plication of cither her l-Ogislalnre or Exec-j a
olive, hot to pot duwn.the anihoiity of hath f —; I
Congress have 11 power lo provid.e for the r.jlling ( ! J
fi,.lli the militia, lo execute ii... laws tho Ufiion, | d
so ij.rc-s insiitieclmiis, and repel invasion*.” —j I 1
Can a State be guilty of iasnrr. e.tioa the j•'
Slates, uho lesmvod lo thotnsalvita the trlining j;
of that-Militia, ai id the appointment of i« olli- ; a
ce.s? It is useless to say the I*.evident; must c
1 etoouto the laws of tha Union. f?o he joust. J p
1 He must si:>t..ia tho rjghls d’lrs country against n
i foreign aggression.: Ho mast maintain 'lei laws, 1
t wheal vnniilliarizat indiriiluats, combine to j ut o
them down, lint can he wage war against n t
Stated Is tlin fftntc oat of the Union ?. What. I
l ight In the P.esidcnl to deelaru war ; ~;a aft 11
lie. ? That power belongs only to Congress. ; t
Is the Slate i/t the I nion 1 Is her sovereignly, 1
then, like that of a petty Indian lube, that the "
; President may wage war against her? Nay, il s
j iliis he so, her fovm eignty is less than that id 1
I die Indian tribes, in mir westotn forest", in ■"
| whom, in tjio enjoyment ot their vvild 11( j r.-
doni, we le'ogni/ : a sort of qualified so\c
reigiitv. Though we wage wai against diem, 4
wilhotit a fminal declaralioff, they, nl least, in
waging war against us, arc not guilty ot liai
son ! But, if force can ho replied to a rflr.ia,
under this Unton, then is that .State a I raitar I -
A sove. eiun .State a 1.-dnd ! \\ hen Gen. 11 a vm: '
asked of Mr. W J so ni, if a .Slate could commit h
■tiHPnn, the O (if the Ifctortnj.
!,v askins* “wlkmlipi - .she could authorize others
odo so?” With duo deference to \lr. Web
s'or, liis evasion of the question, manifested tun
adroitness of the advocate. Undid not nn’C. '
lie point presented, with the manly frankness . 1
fa .Statesman. Will the official character ot
,uv’r IlAVii.rov, or Gov’r Lumpkin, protect |
tiern, in siistaining the laws of their respect ive |
•tales? ’J In Executive of a .Slate, in maintain |1
,og her laws, represents her sovereignty. Ad )
,iiit that their official character is no protection; j
and what is lire consequence ? The utter an in-!
In.ation of State Sovereignty I II id as is this,
in t liooiy, it would he worse in jiructice. You
have hitherto thought, fellow-citijSens, that your
ate officers were responsible to you, und only
to you, for the discharge of their official duties.
are mistaken. They are under another
and a Piore.fearful responsibility. They am res
potiMlile lo their masters and your masters, M
W islii'igtou j W hi. h holds them under the most
otla lent responsibility t For refusing to lo sus
tain the rights am) laws of your Stale, your Go
ve, not is liable to nn impeachment,)—for re
sisting tl'.jsu oj tho Uniqn, no matter how on
corivtimtioml, and though hy your order, lo an
indict limitfar Treason ! Let this he the weak
ing ot our system,.and the States, so fur fioin
being sovereign paities to tho Fedotal compact,
aie (he dependent provinces of a consolidated
Umpire ! Tho Imperial System ot Rome is re
v ived. \\ i, are the subjects of an unlimited ties
\Pot'»m, operating under the lb; ms of u free Con
; slii nt ion.!- -
[■ •I*'J.t| m>,-rfi jlow citizens ; this is not tho Go
veieineiil our C.itheis formed: nor is it one,
under which wo, if we have inherited tiieir spir
it, as well as their institutions, will consent to
l*ve. _ 'J he Fedogal Constitution nu where an*
ti»oi tyoo, the application ol tome, to a sovereign
Slate. Our sister Slates placed ns under uno
tlibr bohd. h hoy . were saiist!ed. with otiuy
S(Y;mities. Alter ueelaring that, the Federal
and Ilia laws made in pursuance
.f lfreof, shall bo llie supreme law of .tlie land,
j c'd that llm judges in r.c h Siulo, shall ho bound
j thereby, they placed the officers of each Stale,
: f-egiglativo, Executive, and Judicial,, under up
i Til, lo sustain that Constitution and those l aws.
This was the only gn initjy they look of us, or
'we ol them. Forming a voluntary Union, tliey
ijtnade il the duly, as they believed il would ho
tho interest, of each, Sl all,to sustain the just mi
dlio: ilyof that Union. They placed tho delega
ted | ovverji under the protection of all, while
each retained, under its own protection, its -ru
se, vod rights. They did not vest in the Govern
ment, called into existence by that Union, "the
tight of an cxdusir.e or final .judgment, upon the
extent of its powers." That would have made
I their agent their master. Neither vested they
in that Govemin. nl, lliu right to declare or lo
wage war, •■gainst n tty one ofllioir own number.
That would have given it (lie power to crape,l
' thom to violate (hut “guaranty of individual l
'sovereignty,” of bach to all, and all to each,
contained in tlie Dec'nrnlion of Independence,
Nay, more: it would have been divesting them
selves n‘ every attribute of irovereignly. When,
therefore, a State in its sovereign .capacity, de
cide., that nn n-.'t ofCongross is unconstitutional,
as having been packed hy the assumption of a j
I owor not delegated, and declares that act null
land void, wi liin tho limits of her jurisdiction, |
■ there isnomquns contained in the Constitution,
hy which that .llale can he eonipelied lool:e-(
(hence. ,The Federal Government must yield i
to the sovereign .State—the agent to the princi- I
pal—or, invoke the contested power, hy a direct 1
. iiineiidim nl, or appeal at-once, to a Convention .
1 of all the riiatcs. It is undoi their protection that I
[ the delegated powers are placed. Their duets
, ion js filial, or the Union is dissolved.
We aic toll, hy, our feliow citiZcn, t’pnn whoso
| “ i’.x.iininali(.ii" I have eonimenled, with a fieo
j dom, that iniisi JlinJ its apology in the interest we
nil fuel in this subject, and the importance went-!
Inch to his opinions—that, “w!o;i) there is a mu- 1
serial, .nhd irreconcilable difference of opinion, *
between liie parlies to the Fedetal compact, il
is manifest that secession is the only cff.cliial
remedy for the weaker,” This pes'tion is true ,
enough, in the guarded sense, in winch it is lime
staled, lint, however material may to. the dis-
a.e we lo ascertain that it isi/rc-|
concilubh, niduss all die parties lo the compact
bo consulted ? And bow can tliey bo consulted, *
qs pc lies to the compact, that is, as sovereign
States, hut hy a Convention 1 Because all tho
Stales are represented in one department oflhe
Federal Government, is a law passed hy that
gpverr’ftic’it, to be considered as conclusive evi- J
deuce, of Ibc opinion of the majority ? And must
wc act upon tli.it presumption, and resort to our
ultimate remedy ? If so, it is evident lb.it there ' ,
are no reserved rights, under the Constilvtioni
Let us examine this position. Hero are a mini I ,
her cf States, forming a political Union. They I (
delegate, fur great and general purposes, certain I (
powers lo the Government of that Urcun. They ,
reserve tile remainder to themselves. The oh- ,
jpc.t of llie delegation,and the reservation, is one
and the sane—to preserve the Union, and lo se
cure tin; blessings of liberty.. Thy deieguled ;
powms are to ho exercised over a Elate, as-a;
member of the Union, and only in that capacity. ).
The reserved rights belong lo her, as a member
of the Union, and arc to he exercised und main
tabled n that capacity. It is the very theory oflhe I
Constitution, and tho express understanding of
all the parties to the compact, that, as long ns\
tin. Union exists, the delegated powers, and the \
reserved rights, are both lo he maintained. Yc.t, |
if lo protect her reserved rights, a Elate must j
secede f.om the Union, the irresistible riclusion 1
is, that she iius no reserved rights al all, except |
so Ii as the Federal Government may gracious- I
!y. per mit her to exercise 1 Eire holds them hy |
. : iV permission, .and not hy virtue (.flier own!
ur eignly. For, what is secession I TJio re
sninplion, hy a State, of her ih'r.aale.d powers,
IJ tbo reset red rights are to he protected, in this!
way, and, nu Other, they are placed, try the Hr
gun-tent, in exactly the same attitude, as though
they had been delegated, 't hey belong not to ’
liar, under the Constitution. Tho clause, by
w hich they arc guarantied, is a biller mockery,
and foul deception !
I do not contend, that when a State t«l cailm
nullifying ground, ber altitude is a peaceful one.
Neither, on tito other hand; is it a hostile one. Ii
bigs the con.test between herself arid the red
oral Government to a direct issue ; but an is-uc,
that- is not necessarily to be decided by force.
Wc say, if llie Government acts as wo are lo
presume it will, hy the directions of that great
charter, hy which its-conduct is to he controlled,
then, the r.onti t will he.arnieuhly adjusted—that
we are safe, so long” '.ho •r- Mn is res ,
v
, j pcctcd. But, inasmuch as paper limitation! are
i j mere cob-web restrictions in an angry contest
tor power, it is the bettor policy for a Slate, to
,•: calculate upon the extremes—to be prepared for
. | tho worst—and to take no such position,, without
taxing determined to hazard upon it her very
■| ' xistenco. Her attitude is, strictly speaking, a
1 .defensive otic—prepared to repel—but, not
; wishing to provoke hostilities, She throws her
■ sell upon her sovereignly, and, like all .other
sovereigns, is to maintain her ground, by all the
nmral and physical energies which God has
placed in her power. Nor more, nor less, than
this, do I understand hy Nullification.
But, fcllow-ciiizoiis, it is time to have done
with our abstractions. A practical question is
about lo he presented to us, of tho deepest i.nor- .
1 est, and most vital importance, lam addressing r
O'c.i who maintain, at least, the sovereignly ol v .
Georgia— who claim, for her, the right to take
xx bat attitude she jdeqses, in relation to any par
ticular controversy, between one Hiato, and the ;
agent of alt tho Stales. Should, than, South r
• Carolina, (as she certainly will) nullify thcT,niff, r
and thus bang the long perilling contest, bo- I
txx een the South ami lire Fedorul t-o vt; in me nl,
to a direct issue, what attitude is Gloigia to
1 lake, in llm matter? —VVlial altitude bi sl ’com ■
ports with her interest and her Imnoi? G.n.r
. ' B* l denounced the Tariff acts, and the Tariff '
| j o.icy that whole miscall.-,I American Uystcin,.
las nneanstitauana.l and oppressive. If, then,
j tho 1 odoral Government, -'tiidertakes lo impose,
hy force, upon a sister sovereign Stale, laws
wo have thus unequivocal y donouneod, Geor
gia, I apprehend, is hoqnnl, by her own ptinoi
pies, to jnake common cause with the aggrieved
(tarty, in saying this, Ido not merely refer to
tho declarations u(jour people,, in their primary
assemblies, Ido not only ref-r to the repeated
resolutions and remonstrances of our .Stale Le
gislature; I refer to tlie solemn stand taker’ hy
■Georgia, in the fitco of the whole Union, and of '
iho world, in the.memorable protest of JSSB. r
I hat prole stisnow ■•inolled among the archiuves 1
of the nation. Sou h Carolina, and only South '
Carolina, joined with her, in (his remarkable '
step. In that celebrated protest, gia, with I
her accustomed fiaiikiners—a fianltncss, poshed, '
on that occasion, as some will think, lo an ex- '
cessivo oxtcnl,—proclainiorl lo onr lonllv rulers, (
at Washing ten, that the Tariff of ’2B, "was de- !
ee.ptiee in its title, fraudulent in its .pretexts, op- t
pressivc in its exactions, partial and unjust in ns I
operation,& ncons r in; r ionai, in its Well known i
objects.”—Elm demanded the repeal of that act — '
"the abandonment of the ueoiuiuno system, I
which consiilorcd the people to tie incapable of
wisely directing their own enterprise.”—This
f protest, she desired ‘ *•, (>r, ettreful/yprcscrreil"
j i'ornong the nrchieves of the Senate,” in jnstifi
| cation of her chararti r, lo the present genera- i
| lion, ami to posterity, if Congrc.-qq “ disregard- i
ing her protest," and cmitimiing to "pervert I
! id* ow,n-powers," “should render necessary, r
i measures oj a deeisirr, harae'er, for the protnc- r
| lion id'lire people of this Elate, and the vixaiu- I
I I ION of J 111. CONST nm Ins. ' “
i After i"n h a protest us this, onr course is de
eided. Jle (he censerpaeiiees what they may,
we must sustain Soinh Carolina. Can you wish r
, the case were oilier wise? Even it* onr honor - r
j wore not pledged, would not pur feelings mid x
f our interest dictate Ihi.-),course ? Let iifb’follow 1
put this coolest to iis ulliinale issue. Ict us
look, nt lit,(• matter, in every aspect in which it c
can he view •ii The Tin rll'is nullffied liy Eonih 'I
Carolina. The other southern States will pause '
to ~see what altitude is taken try Georgia, lire
■great pnielreal Ntillifier—rnoro kbntiirilled on r
i il.is question, and more prompt in irer action, *
than any ol the rest. If she says, I sustain *
j Smyth Carolina, it will he decisive of the course v
lof I n gin in, and of the issue of lliis struggle. "
Vi s, fellow-i iiizens, if .South Candida nullities ‘
tlie Tariff’—the destiny of this republic—the v
happiness of imho; n iiiillions—the cause of Lib- *'
•nty, peilmps, in both heinispheios—aie all *
thrown into li.e hands ot Geoigi.i I (lod grant,
that she may act wil.lt the dignity and decision, 1
hecoining her unparalleled destination I —Vir- (l
ginia will not desert .the disciples of her own
creed. The l.ind of Jefferson will not desert "
the principles of her favorite slalesman, ere Ida I'
sacred ashes imvc yot grown cold!—lf South j
Carolina he in err jr, Virginia is responsible for i t
that error. Her Resolution-; ‘(id RcporJ of '9B !tl
and '!)!!, and those of Kenlm lty, declare, utus||u
nnuipiivoaally, the right,pf a .Slaty, as a inombo/’n
•>!' tin;lrnion, to nullify an "UronsliliiUi aid act of- o
Gongross—judging that question far her seif, in 'I
her sovereign capacity. .They say this, or-they f
say nothing. Ii is impossible, ii seems to rue, '
to understand liie lorcn of langiiatpi, and lo de- b
ny this : ssei tipn. If Georgia, limn, may bo con- d
sidered as nmlcr a p'lsilwe promise, Virginia is y
iiiidTr »ti biglqrieal pledge, lo sustain, wherever R
i hoir.led, tier banner olTilalo Itighls um! of Con- fi
; sliltiiioriid Liberty. Did siie not unroll lliat ban- xx
| ner, in the very dawn of the Republic, in the fi 1
i fm ce of a despotic government, and against all j bl
l the rci".orisfiiitir;es of her/fismaycd sisters ? Has tr
I she not kept il .boating ever since? and have we nt.
not been leceinly told, by one of her patiiotic d;
j slatysrnui, 1 that the ancient dominion is at her tv
| post, and that the countersign is lyberty 1" Wit Is in
Georgia, South Carolina, and Virginia, iliut er- T
’rayed, North Carolina and Alabama, whatever p'
might be the issue, whether the Union and the at
Con.sliln'imi were both to be r. lived, or we were ll
destined to drift o ; on the “wide ocean of in
I events,” would not he elate lo risk tiieir all up
!on a cotmmm.hottam.. What would the Fe.de- tl
ra! Government then do—xvith five States thus tl
standing sl de fry side—four of them original C
parties to the J edural Compact?—Would it talk al
of bh-ekading SoutJi Carolina, when il under-1 b
stood that such an aeq would cause the standard |r
of Fiee Trade, to bo lifted up, from Norfolk to at
.Mobile ? Would it dieatrr, then, of decitling iho y;
conlreversy hy aims? How stands the matter? Ii
Here is a State, exorcising a right which she •ai
hclierc'S belongs to her, under the constitution— vx
- i right which has been claimed for a Stale, by U
some ol the most distinguished statesmen of tlie ! ri
Republic, throughout the whole period of its'g
,'u’ii '■ .■! !■ I story —which is n'p»idy avowed by the |
second officer of the Union, at this very, crisis
winch iho hxecutive Department of lha Federal
Government has recently recognized, and it*
legislative department lima f ar sanctioned, in
reference to another controversy, with ■another
htalo—which has been assorted or acted on, at
different times, hy no less than twelve Slates of
this confederacy! Would any Cabinet Upon
earth, in which were men who deserved the
character of statesmen and patriots, have it
go down to posterity, that under such circum
stances, they despaiied of the destiny of their
coptllry, and overthrew the government*. and
dissolved the Union, hyadi.net appeal to‘the
bayonet 7 Would any,President assupie such a
responsibility.7 Would JAcKaotr, with all Ins
decision, or llknry Clay, with ail his reckless
nes.sl \V ould public sentiment in other sections
ul the Union,, permit the. issue to be Iriisfed to
the chances, of battle?, Would not the TaiitT
party, and the very manufacturers, themselves,
perceive, with the unerring instinct of self in
lerest, that win, lever might be the event of the
struggle,-t*cy would be mined 7 That, long hr
tore it could be decided, their, doom .would* he
sealed? That our navy could not sustain, that
no foreign power would recognize, a blockade
sufficiently extensive, to cover us all7 v ,T|mt there
would be ru>,possibility of preventing coiffi
try hum being inundated with British manutui
lures, and the consequent downfall of their owe
eslablishinenls? That lire vory mobs who retchh
ly cried out, when told that the Southern Stale*
would secede, "let them go,lot them go,” would
note cry out to the government, with,! super
l ilive patriotism, "the Union—the Union— haz,
aril riot the Union—w hatever else is lost, let tin
Union bo saved 1” But, other and nobler clipr
actors would come upon ihu stage, The intetll
gent and the patriotic, every where, would see,
that our great experiment of republican freedom,
was placed in iiipn.to peril. 'Those
that oiir.govorniiioiillias exerted and iogiierting
a most auspicious in Hu once upijn
of the human race—that, with its cstaHishment
••ml, in his good providence, had £iv«w. tlxnotli)
er dispensation” of Liberty to man—would fin/
tl*'il “a change” was coming "o'er the spirit o.t
their dream”—that events were taking place,
which, sooner or later, ,would produce omejitiri;
change win ilia political aapoct of llm Global
Many of ilium have already thrown the woighf
o( splendid talents,,nnd of -high 1 cHaiiaalqxji,' ktly
the scale of the nurturing South. Has not the
most eminent among t'.em—that revered man.
whoso writings have created a now era in out
literary history-i-whose name is now borim; if
honor, to the remotest extremities of ,lhg vyyrldi
and will he home down, in honor, to the latest
pm tod of time; has ho not paused from the dis*
charge of higher and holinrdutios, to address hi-y
country in the language of earnest remonslariccf
add of solemn warning, ' upon this very, subject'
• (as ho not spoken with the energy and the eto,
ipiencu of a prnphut? Those men, and men like
ihese, would stmgglo for this Union, as if fm
life. The people 100, are ovary where,! believe)
sincerely attached to thu Union. They clninj
a common property, in all tho glories of. ihep tn J
olntion; they feel »eominon pftdb, in the Amo
rican name ; thgy glory in tho laic achievement!)
olThe republic itself, and in that proud destiny,
which, us wc all so fondly hope, yet awaits he,
Even we, as said the Bard of ?irs native land,
" I nglaiiil, wild all ihy 1 |i(4«ylig«,lill," ...
cannot forbear qhorishing, in spile rs all irit Ir’r
duns, our lingering, alia iuipent to Ilia Union
We am prepared, oven now, to makn laigo Sadi
fices for its preservation, to givt*np almost eve-,
lything, but our principles and our freedom. Tin
whole nation would demand ol the government,
to make an appeal to a Convention, In that com
volition would be assembled, the best and purest
spirits of the land, 'i’liu destinies of the ropnh
Tie would then be; confided to. her, most bust.
worthy cilizyp,«ii men, of whom, .peifiaps, we
have not hoard before, would now.ntcp forward
liouc the. re treats o/private lifo-—mon of enluig
ed viuw.s and patriotic foeling*-*fnim avho love
their country, though they may hav»,‘heretofore
disdained a pitiful scramble, for.irfty of its offices,
& who would cling do the-Republic,though they
may not have linked liicir fate with that of any
particular party,
They would ho equal to the emergency, and
be summoned out by it. 1 hey would conic to
their glorious task,uncommitted byformer v-ie-ws*
unhealed hy furious discussion. They wouh’t
assemble, not to maintain the extreme rights ol
eiilier paity, but to prevent the ruin of both.
They would retire from their task, covered with
the benedictions of a grateful people, and tho
“plaudits of an adorning world.” They would
heal our disorders; they would compromise our
difficulties; they would.peur oil upon the agitated
waves; a halm into our fettering, sores. . The.
jolden days of her former prosperity, Would be;
restored to the Houih; peace urM ha[ipinosn
would again pervade the land. For one more.,
generation, ut leant, would we enjoy the double
ilessiug, of Union and of Liberty; perhaps pa
Holism, enlightened hy wisdom, might devise
mine means, hy which these collisions, unavoi-
I.tblc collisions, under our present system, bo
ween the States and the Federal Government,
night he heieafler settled, or amicably adjusted. •
Plus very convention, would be a precedent to
io»terily,.-in times equally petilous. The Stales-'
md the Ifi ition would alike hail it as a pledge of
he perpetuity of the Union, and the consequent
mmortulity of the republic. v-.
Fellow- Citizens: i have giweti yon ntie
me: lot mu now give you another. Look at
'hat —then at this —ponder well upon both. S,
Carolina nullities the 'Tariff*-Gfofgia. slpndi
Poof—our example is followed, as 1 fear it would
>e, hy (lie whole of the South. Tile hilellig->n'
julitieians of tho North, seeing us take a ground,
jo at war with our present atutidc, and our a
rowed principles, would say, that wo arc in a
liilsu position, and that it was for them to take
idvuntagc of it, 1 can imagine nothing, indeed,
ivliieh wonld e.’fcite in them more unmixed as,
onlshment, at fiist, or provoke more excessive
ridicule, afterwards, than to be told, that.Goos';
»ia would not sustain Carolina, because Gooroir
(Concluded on Fourth Page.)