Newspaper Page Text
BY AUTHORITY.
taws or mu cnitru status rAisr.it at thu
FIRST HK9SION OF TKK TWHSTf-SKCONIt
CONGRESS,
[PuBI.IC No. 41.]
AN ACT milking appropriations in con |
I fortuity with the (stipulation* of curtain
i treaties wilti the Creeks, Shnvvnucs,
Ottovvnys, Hcnocns, Wyamlots, ( fie
rokuas ami Choctaws.
lie il enacted hi/ the Semite ami I loner of
Ttcpresenhitires of the United Suites of .line
fiea, in Com* re ns asseinhhd, That tlie fol
lowing sums hr, ainl the same are here
by, severally appropriated to the sever
al objects herein spec(Heatly enumerated
according to the stipulations of certain
Indian treaties, to he paid out of any mo
ney in the Treasury not othervv isc appro •
printed, namely :
Tor the payment of debts due hy the
Crocks, and their relief, according to the
ninth article of the treaty concluded with
the Creel* Indians, twenty fourth March,
one thoii-nind eight hundred and thirty
two, one hundred thousaiid dollars.
For compensation to the Delegation to
the city of Washington, the payment of
the expenses, nnd of claims against them
according to the tenth article of the same
treaty, sixteen thousand dollars.
For the payment of certain claims fur
ferries, bridge#, and cm)soway*. f n judg
meats against duels, for losses, for no
■provements, f r .inanities, foe the expert
res of Creeks Who have emigrate I with
oat expense ■ > the United .State at til'
teen dollars for each, and for compcnsn
tion to those tvho Miilered in eoase
quenee ofbei.tg prevented fiom einigr.t
ting, es severally provided (or Had slipii
lated in the eleventh article of the same
treaty, twenty live thousand and eighty
dollars.
For the cost of rifles, ammunition, and
blankets, according to the thirteenth nr
tilde of the sum ■ treaty, thirteen hundred
and twenty dollars. *
For the expenses of lulling the census.
Ond making the selection of reservations
according to the second article of the
mime treaty, throe thousand live hundred
dollars.
For the service of a person to be select
• In certify the contracts for the wale of
lands, nee rrdtng to the third article of the
same treaty, one thousand dollars.
For the expem eof removing and eep
ing oil intruders from the Creek In a is
according to the lifth article of the .male
treaty, two thousand dollars.
For one years allowance lot the pur
poses id"education. according to the thir
teenth article of the same treaty, three
thousand dollars. s
For carrying into elfeet the treaty with
the tShnwnee Indians, ofOhio, according
to the treaty concluded with them eighth
August, one thousand eight hundred and
thirty-one, the following sum-, namely ; •
For enabling them taerect houses and
Open farms, at their intended residence,
according to the lifth uitn le of the said
treaty, thirteen thousand dollars,
l or the payment Ibr sundry articles aw
presents, enumerated in the ninth twelfth
nidi fourteenth articles of the same trea
ty, two thousand four hundred and four
dollars.
For expenses of selling the property ol
Indian s, according I i the si.viii article oi
the said treaty, tina'e hundred dollars.
For mi!ayingintoetlecl the treaty with
tiie Ouoxv.iya, of Ohio, concluded the
thirtieth \ igasl, one ihoas.md eight hun
tired nml tint ly one, the following Mims
namely : ,
Fort ic payment of certain articles u J
Stipulated for in the tenth article of*llM
paid treaty, twelve hundred and fifty foui
dollars.
For expenses attending the sule of In
diua property, according to tho sixth uni
ele three hundred dollars.
For carry ing into . lice I the treaty with
the mixed hands of the Senecas \ Shaw
nees, of la>wistowa, Ohio, conelmted the
twentieth July one thousand eight ha ,
»lred and thirty one, the following sums,
namely: *
I'or an advance toad I Indians, in lien
ol compensation for improvements, ae
• 'irding to the lifth article of the said trial
ty. <-i% thousand dollars,
I or Hie payment of sundry articles sti
pul.lied for as presents in thetenth article
ol s lid treaty, thirteen lumdred fifteen
dollars.
!■ or the expense of selling the properly
ol said Indians, aeeor.ling to the sixth
article of the said treaty, three hundred
dollars.
For carrying into effect the treaty with i
t!m Wyandot*, ol Ohio, concluded nine I
Icon lit January, one thuinmnd eight hun
di ed and thirty two, the following sums. I
namely:
For payment for the reservation ofsix '
teen thousand acres, as stipulated for in i
the second article of the treaty, twenty
thousand dollars.
For payment for improvements on the
ceded reservations, and expense of ap
praising the same, according to the third
artii Ic ol the said treaty, lour thousand
dollars.
For transportation nnd contingencies I
Milder th* provisions of" the several trim ;
ties above mentioned, two thousand live j
hundred dollars.
For the payment of improvcm mu I
within the limits ofGcsrghi and Arkansas
Abandoned by < ’aerokeo ♦‘migrants un
«ler the treaty of sixth .May, one thousand
eight hundred ami twenty-eight, ns Va
lued by nppraisois, seventy thousand dol
lars
For gratuities of fifty dollars for every
five emigrants from within the chartered
limits of Georgia, ten thousand dollars
For carrying into effect the treaty with
the Choctaws, of fifteenth September,
‘""•Hi ns*nd eight hundred uad thirlv,
the following sums, namely :
For the blankets, rifles, axes, ploughs,
hue#, wheels, curds, looms, iron if- steel
■u the twentieth article of
thirty-live thousand six
•verity dollar*,
the stipulation of tho six
i relation 1o e iltie, in ad
dition to former appropriations ten thou w
sand dollars. lr
For the payment of Choctaw Indians di
who have relinquished lands, according
to the provisions of the nineteenth urli
cle of said treaty, the sum of thirty thou
sand seven hundred nnd forty dollars.
For expenses of transportation, und j 6l
other incidental expenses, in relation to ib
the treaties above named, three thousand j a
live hundred dollars.
A. STEVENSON,
speaker of the House of Itepresentatices.
J. C. CALHOUN, <i
Hex President of the United Slates and
President of the Senati.
Approved, June 1, ISTJ.
ANDREW JACKSON.
****fr(^fc*« a *
The Macon .Messenger, speaking of 1
tiie prevailing scntmieid in Georgia, in 1
relation to the Tariff, says :
“ We congratulate oar lelloxv citizens
upon the result of the meeting hold last j,
week nl the Court house. The question- 1,
agitated, wore of incalculable interest, 1 1
and we are happy in being able to state, j
they were discussed calmly and dispas j
1 sioinitely, hy the distinguished gentle I
men who spoke upon the subject, and I
listened to with l!i« most excited and pa- i
tient attention hy the very numerous uu- ■
dilory who were present.
Taking the meeting as a fair criterion
of public sentiment, and vve deem it to i '
he so from the character of the element- j
lint composed it, being conipri-ed of in- I '
dividual* of both local parties, from town ] t
and eminfry, vve consider the question as j i
settled, at least In this part of the conn- |
try, and that vve have nt length happily ,
arrived at these results, that (he people (
are seasihle of the oppre--i\mi.'ss «J
their burthens—-that they will no longer
silbmii to evils that are no longer sull' r
aho.—and that they are willing to adopt
the most speedy and peae|jeid mode ol
redress. Il is for tins reason that vve
lelieilale llm public—that upon such an
important, measure, involving the prin
eiples, nay, tiie very existence i.f our
goveminent, a unity ofsenliinenl is a>
length aeeoniplislieil, which must neees *
sarily iasitre a unity of nclimi.” i
A DC EE. '
Gun letter from Greenville; is it en
der ed by the Fostmaster, that a duel i
had been that day the Kith. fimght he- r
twee a Messr* Fiutnv, ol the .1/ omhiinri r. >
and f!v. i■ >i. if the Sentinel, IVm.v was (
-hot through the hrea I of the emit, but
not hurl, lit sum was shot in the hip. but 1
not considered dangerously wounded,— *
Churl stun lireni me I hist <
svri kdv\, \\' ;i sr *55, is l*,
*• i •• ■ m-t, ugd li at i■ (
i ri;tt congress 1
CLARK TICKET.
JOHN conn; of (lie Comity ol'Cliorokco, |
THOM AS \V. ilAltlllSS, ’ Walton,
THOMAS \V. MUllllAV, Linculn.
u.A.Nir.i, m:\vnan, n,un>.
CF.OIHHi \V. OWF.NS, Chatham.
W11.1.1A.M SCIII.KV, -Kirlimciiul, ■'
H AMU. M. .STF.W AIIT, til win. 1
JAMI'.fJ 0. IT.ItK 1.1,1., Franklin. j
J AMF..J C. M ATSON. ftluscojji u.
TRTUP TICKET.
lUN U V lilt A.NU,\,\f, of comity ol‘ J’utiinni. 1
AL'tiUSTIN S ( I.W’I ON, Clark.
’IiIOMABF.IO.STI.It, Griiune. !
UOOF.It L. OAMlll.l Jt lloi BOD. I
(■l.OlUiii K. ijlliMUß, *
('ll Mtl.l'.S F. IIAVNI'.H, Mancuck. ‘
FIIOUN JoNI'.S, Miistaigoi). 1
i.S M. \VV \NK, Chailnaa 1
MAUD 11. WII.DF, Ituliinmul, '
IJO CAUOIT3 CJkNDXEATES.
/ John mu.to.n, of tin* County ol Muscojroe. j,
[ MlKAlillAl IV LAM \K,
TO I’tTV M HSi'ltlllKKS.
Tho Can in for the upper purl ol tho city
being si k, those of oin Snbsciitiers vviio ilo not
mcoiv (i their papers, will please call al the olliue
lot them.
_ !
TO ( OUItPSPoVor.VTsi.
•*A Sup vFiiipHi," ami ilio two Communica-
liomm tVom 1 run received—tliuir m
tjiie?*!* will be attomied to as early ns ruuvctiifiiit,
\V e have aUo received, tin* ncFoiiut of iln* j»ro
ceedings of (lie (Ailumliia Meolinu, which wo ,
shall efitloavoi lo putdish in uui next,
W .ml of room compels us to omit a portion >'
of Judge Losostuekt’, Speech, uuiil our next. |
TIIH rIIOI.FK V. I 1
In New \orlt, on the lath Inst., Toncw eases, J
j -Oilmiths—on itie ICth, new cases, ‘JO deaths 1
| —on toe J7ih, Ok new cases, 111 deaths. 1
i In i’hiiidolpliia, on the lath, 70 now cases, '
I-o deaths—on ilio 16ih,tf4 new cases, oO deaths. 1
T|H: OKOKOI.V C'Ol’Ulh'R. I
1 Me never tvrile fin the conviction of the 1
( om'lor. ’fhe e btor til tint joiper nuvur was, 1
nor never wili be, piufcssionally convinced of I
any thing bcyuud his nnniedi.atu interest. lie 1
lias no fixed political creed, and hut one fixed I
t purpose; and that is, his personal aggrandise- 1
nouit. Ho might bo convinced if dollars xvore 1
‘ nut m the seals with uiguinenls; and vx'viutd
make sides with the money, oven if il xv«, dm ‘
weakest. “ Know, thsieforc, all men to whom 1
j these presents may come, greeting that vvlicn *
j over aigoiiicnu are adduced, they are offered ;
for the uouersundiils and investigation of all 5
men, catept die editor of the Comior. '
Il seems that oui remarks on tho late meeting
made the " gulled jnds wine " He in one d
clause, said all was file*. This was really a I,
■ouud and argumentative ansvvei. Wo again f
assert, that the statements made theiein, are f
aubsUoll.illy true, anti can be couoborated by d
many person, who vvcie pic sent. We have .•
no cause lot abaleinent, sue lor the intemperate s
real with which We gave them to tie pubhcl ' r
but, it must bo remembered that wo had vxit- s
nessed nnd benie enough, to make any man, i l
who are rut slaves bound hand and foot, still i
mare severe in their rentoths than wo were.} t
With regard to Hie statement respecting tho t
elections in Charleston, H is suflicitnt lo say, i
i'sijt TTssgieou *• from a gentleman, i
self* )!ss} f.
vlio resided in Charleston at the time of the
rausaetion, but who, from motives of delicacy,
loes not at present, wish his name given to the
iubhe. If it was neccssaiy to our purpose, we
wild establish it, by evidence that would he ud
nitted in any court of justice, in This or any oth
ir State; And its credibility is not, nor cannot
je lessened, by any denial from each a scarce
is the ilcurgia Courier.
M'LMLTUATIO.V.
I find, wherever I travel, that the doctrines of j
Nullification are rapidly gaining ground. It is
really astonishing how little they arc understood,
how milch they arc abused by those who do not
understand them, and how readily they are
adopted hy those who have opposed them, the
moment they comprehend them. I have net |
met with one opposed to them that fairly under- ;
stood them. Ask any man, however intelligent, (
whom you find decrying them, what he under-j
stands by them, and he will assuredly give you
some wild indefinable conception of popular Via- j
lence, individual resistance of the laws, and
throwing open the port of Charleston without,
any legal authority. Explain tie-in to him, and,
he at first doubts that that can bo nullification, ;
and on being assured of it, he will tell you, i
“why if that is nullification, 1 have always been
anuilifier; but that is what I should term re
publicanism.” Well; end what is nullification,
but republicanism under a now name—the name
of republican having now wholly lost its distinc
tive character? Ail are now republicans, in
name. The veriest Federalist you can find will
tell you ho is a republican; and (lie whole Fed
eral party have now dubbed themselves Na
tional Republicans. It is always the policy of a
bail cause, to assume popular names and terms.
Mr. Adams once observed,
Ami if vve cannot allot itiinvc,
It V we'll change their names, sir.”
And events have folly proved, that when, at the
downfall ol the Federal party, ho turned Repub
lican, he did but “ change los name." Let Nul
lification become popular, as it ultimately
assuredly will, and the old Federalists will un
ilmihtedly assume tlm name, and drive the real
imlliiiors,oi’ republicans, to the adoption of settle
oilier.
Ii the principles of nullification were really
unpopular, why is it that the people uniformly
approve them, wherever they appear? In the
speeches at Athens and Lexington, no other sen
timents were so loudly applauded as those made
up of them ; and lio\v*happcns it, that Judge
< r.AvroN, the most thorough and open nulhlior
amongst us, as a public man, is now, unques
tionably, the most popular public man in the
Slato? lie certainly was not popular when In;
went to Congress, as all will readily admit; and
yet now, all grant it—even Ins former op| onent,
whom vve have heard say to—.that he will gut
tlm highest vote, at the nuxtelcction, ofany can
didate before the public. And 1 have heaid llie
same gemlSinan say, 100, and at the same lime,
expieas Ids regrets that it should be so, that he
believed at least hall the people in the Stale
were imlliliurs. 1 believe that m arly all me
nullifiors, in principle; and am satisfied, from
my experience, so lar, that all are, who are
honestly opposed to the lale doei ion of the Su
pi elite Cuuit, and not lutcuuse the opposition is
popular. The fuel is, it is absolutely monstrous,
to hoar a mao denounce that decision, and do
elate himself prepared to resist it, and the laws
an which it is founded, and at the same time
denounce 8. Carolina nullification ; ami many
who have done this, have become lieaitily
ashamed of it, and well they may be. Mr.
I lo.mbv s speech lias done much to open the eyes
ol the deluded, and 1 am much gratified to hear
it often spoken of in the highest terms. It cer
tainly is a most admirable article, and ought m
be read attentively by every Georgian—in fact,
every Southern man.
Wliorevei I go, I find that all officeholders
and ojjlce seekers, with a few honorable excep
tions, are opposed to nullification; and why ?
Localise, fiislly, they consider it unpopular, and
denounce it from popular motives, believing it
safe game, since they have found hut few sntli
cieiitly informed, or candid, or honest, to con
trovert them ; ami, deeply intcrcstwl as they now
are, in opposing it, you might as well attempt
to reason with the rock of Gibraltar; for, afraid
to be convinced, limy will neither hour nr read
anything in its favor, and whenever it is men
tioned, they nso every effort to cry il down.
And, secondly, they all look for support lo one
or the other party, tbo Clark or the Troup; and
finding dial it is rapidly breaking up die old
land-marks and prejudices of party licit, de
pendent us they are upon pmty, they may full
with the fall of party—that they have a safe fi.ot
hold in the present stale of tilings, which they
may, and piobably must lose, in any oilier—that
ft is easier to ride into office on po ular names
and patty hobbies, than to study principles, and
prove to those who arc lo elect diem, the sound
ness and superioiity o[ their own, compared widi
those of their opponents—and that those of their
old thick and their snpporteis, who become nul
litieis, begin lo look immediately into their prin
ciples, ami to judge them hy them, rather limn
their professions and paity prejudices—in fact,
finding lint nullification is establishing a new
lest Tor office, and one more trouhK some, ecru
thilling, and uitiicult to meet, titan the picscnt
ones, they doubtless think it particularly to their
interest to pul it down, as quickly as possible,
by attributing to it everything odioifs and hide
ous, and hunting down all who shew symptoms
of it; and thus vve find nil, of both purlin, with
few -exceptions, ho a ever they may disagree in
all other, matters, making a common cause
against nullification, and yelj mg at it in full erv,
on «l! occasions.
Happily, the good of the country, and its future
destinies, depend not on oliieo-scekers oi office
holders; but rest, wbeio they always should
do, with the people, who are h-giiming to think
for themselves, and will no longer be “as ten.
rfcrly led hy the nose as asses are,” bv those
same office holders and office-seekers. Tlie
spirit of enquiry is abroad among them, and it is
reslly gratifying to see with what avidity, they
search aller information,on the present ngitaliii«
toptes, particularly nullification, and how rhev
will crowd around any two persons-j'llo are
discussing them, and listen attentively and pa
tiently for any length of time. Only mention the
word nullification, in the way of approval, and
a’ l cars«raopen notice, and x" anxious ra.'rear
what can be said in ;:a favor; and every discus
sion with impartial men, proves that it needs
only to be gener.:; understood, to be generally
adopted. And when it it generally adopted, the
office holders ;,u i , ffi.v stokers will he just as
loud and fiequunt in nro : ns they arenow in
denunciations of ir
Sor. e speak of the r. i u’ous absurdities of j
nuliiimation, The pi it), unsophisticated, com
mon sense minds of the people, see nothing Ul
if of the kind; audit is realiy wonderful how
I llio minds oven of the most unlettered, see at
once its simplicity, and grasp its trulhs, as though
hy intuition. They find no difficulty in under
standing, that the Constitution is the first great j
law of the land, and tint no laws aie binding,
but those “made in pursuance thereof”—that
1 the majority must first be bound by the conslitu
! non, atid when they disobey it, the rninoiity are
I not bound to obey thorn—that without the right
| to disobey an unconstitutional law,unauthorized,
I and founded on usurped power, the constitution
| is not worth a sliavv, and tire government is at
I once a despotic and unlimited one —that nullifi
( cation is nothing more than the right lo disobey
j that which is manifestly wrong, and which there
;is no right to enforce on you—that if the people
i have not the right, peaceably to refuse obedi
ence to that which is manifestly unconstitutional,
and therefore not binding, then their liberty, or
tight, or power, is u mere name—and that if
any government can, may, or should attempt to
enforce an unconstitutional and unauthorized
lew, and usurped power, then it is in facta law
less despotism, no matter what you call it, and
the sooner it is destroyed the belter. Many of
them say it is lime, after all the oppressions and
usurpations of llie general government, to test
its true character, and see whether it really
would attempt to enforce an unconstitutional
law, and that nullification is llie best mode of
doing ii—simply disobeying the unauthorized
law, quietly, by law, and without the least force
on our part, ami leaving those who have the
government in their hands, to shew at once hy
their conduct, whether that government is a free
or despotic one. They see, at once, that Geor
gia nml Carolina nullification are exactly alike,
in principle—both simply disobeying laws and
powers which arc not binding on them, and
which, il obeyed, would soon render them
slaves, to all intents and purposes; and say that
much as they may be attached lo the Union, yet
if the general government shall attempt to co
eico either Georgia or Carolina, into obedience
to unconstitutional laws and tumped power,
they will ho ready at unco to resist force hy force,
in either ease. They say they cannot believe it
possible that it is so totally despotic as to proceed
to force, ami since the right is claimed by some,
the sooner the question is settled the better.—
And they have the tact to srio at once,that nulli
fication is a true people’s remedy, placing pow
er where it ought to ho, in the hands of the peo
ple—and that if they have not the rlithl to dis
obey authority (hey have never delegated, then
they have no actual right at ail, and are not f, ee
mttn, and that these whom they call the servants
of the people, aie in fact their y misters, and may
make any laws tin y please, however unconsti
tutional, oppressive, and unjust, ami if they are
resisted, enforce them at the j oint of the hay
oin-l. Ami what can any government, or any
tyrant, do, more than lids? No tyrant can do
more than make what laws ho jdeasos, and kill
those who disobey them.; and what less than a
thorough tyrant in our government, if it can
make what laws il pleases, regardless of the
restraints of the constitution, ami kill with the
bayonet all who do not quietly, tamely, and un
conditionally submit to them?
llie nullifiors do nut believe the general gov
ernment will dare, to resolve itself into anenliro
despotism , hy this Inst ultimate act of tyranny
and ojiprcssioii; hut, since the jiowor to do so
is claimed for it hy many, and threatened in
their teeth, they say, lot the question be settled,
amt as soon us possible, that vve may know
whether vve are ficemen or slaves, and what
destiny vve are to bequeath lo our children.
Linculntun , August 10^,
JtIHjJE L()i\(;&iTUEET?S
SPEECH,
l pan the Itiilnnoiul desolations, ding 18.1811“
Mn. CitAiiiMAN—lt was not my design to have
addressed the Meeting, when 1 entered tins Hall.
Hut, sir, the Resolutions first offered, and
which, it is easy to perceive, will be adopted,
seem to leavcme no alternative. They address me
so personally, and my principles, so unsparingly,
dial it would he a departure from the duty which
1 owe to myself, to my fellow-citizens, and my
country, to ho silent. Pardon, if you please,
Mr. Chairman, the egotism, which I shall he
constrained to mingle with a few remaiks, in
troductory lo my most earnest protest against
the maimer in which you are about to deal with
your candidates, ihavo thrice presented myself
before the people for their suffrages—always, I
believe, called by llie voice of a very large ma
jorily, and always defeated. lam once more
before you, under like circumstances, and with
like prospects. Permit me now, when I assure
you, w ithout giving a pledge to that effect, that
Ido not expect ever again to offer for any jdaee,
in either branch of the General or Stale Govern
ments, to explain to you the reasons of mv very
peculiar destiny. I early learned from that
I atiiot Hero, who has been invoked njion
this occasion, that unless my countrymen could
ho won from their blind idolatry to men and |>ar
ties, that the beautiful structure of our Gove, n
men! must soon be overthrown. Il my own ox
porience could add strength to any thing w hich
emanated from such a source, it would certainly
have confirmed this sentiment. Accordingly,!
made -it one of the first articles in my political
creed, never to go with any paity farther than I
believed itto be right, and never to support an
inferior for office, in preference to his superior—
except where I should plainly foresee that the
vital interests of the country demanded the ex
clusion u?die latter. I have never, undl this mo
incut, found it necessary-to avail myself of the
exception. I would deem il treachery to mv
country, at this juncture, lo support any man for
the Legislature, who inculcates the doctrine of
submission to the misnamed Ameiican System.
Ol course I extend every indulgence to those,
who, differing with me in sentiment, adopt mv
own i ule of conduct.
These principles have tossed me for twentv
years, from party to party, from men to men,
from friends to foes, and foes to friends, with
all tlio plaudits and censures, which usually ac- <
company such changes. I have been caressed 1
by those who disliked me, and put down by 1
those who loved and respected me. 1 have
ever hold it lo be the bounden duly of a candi- 1
date, openly to avow Ids sentiments, particularly
those which are adverse to the jifevailing opin
ions of the people, to whom he offers himself, —
and it has ever been my lot to entertain some
opinion, adverse to that of tlm County or State,
to which I offered my services. The people
i generally believing that, the evilsof that opinion
could not be countervailed hy my services, in
j those matters of policy wherein 1 agnfeil with
1 them, have, for years past, invariably excluded
, me. While I submit most patiently to the ope
! ration of the principle upon myself, I must em
brace this opportunity of declaring that it is a most
| ruinous one to the interest of the country, when
; carried into general jiractice. It should never
jho acted un, whore the obnoxious sentiments
! cannot have a controling inflnenctt, ujion matters
: vitally important to tbo welfare of the country.
J To put down your men of talents and integrity—
i (my eye isnuw upon the mover of these lieso
, j lutions, not upon myself,) because they cannot
think with you upon some subject of local or
j partial interest—because they cannot vole for
. | your friend, or what is worse, because they did
iioljtliink with you some years ago; is to exchange
t ! your country’s honor and glory for dross.
I Returning from these remarks, whieli grew
incidentally out of tiro subject which I designed
I to jircsent to your notice, to the subject itself.—
p From what has been said, you will jmrccivo that
I so far from desiring to conceal any of my senli
t inonls, which do not harmonize with those of
the jieojile, I have over, when a candidate, been
I unusually forward in declaring them ; and I have
p ever held them at the service of any individual
I who cause to demand them. I have no personal
, interest, therefore, in declaring my most deci
, ded disapprobation of the mode of eliciting the
opinions of your candidates, which you are a
, bout to ado, t. You first assemble together for j
the (lurjioso, as’many believe, of consulting upon |
the subject n( a common grievance. You thou j
p exhibit a set of Resolutions, already prepared, I
in which, with several other matters, is blended |
a most pointed and uncompromising dununcia- I
lion, of all those who hold a certain set of j
; ojiinions, 100 next make a public and united ;
. pledge, that you will sujiporl no candidate who
, entertains these opinions, and then, you resolve
| to iiear what surh a candidate may have to say,
in justification of himself. My objection, how
: ever, is not lo your judging first ami hearing of
I terwards, (though my own cxpe.i office would
justify such an objection, for really, my first im
. pressions were against Nullification,) but to yrnir
, judging under circums auccs, which are.eulcu
. later! to unsettle sober reason—lo hurry men into
pledges, before they shall have had time for re
, flection, and lo overawe, hy an iiujioshig exhi
i hilion of your moral and physical power. Your
candidates, who are jiresent, cannot do justice
: to themselves, under such cin ufnstances, nor;
will they he fairly at the fuimn of public opinion |
when you call them out. on w ill select your
. own lime to demand thcii senlinn tils; and tho'
I verily believe lh.-rt you will lose no lime un
necessarily, in making the call, yet, you cannot
, do so, mini the plighted body, which is soon to
issue liom this chamber, shall have exerted an
influence upon the people at large, which your-1
candidates will not bo able to counteract, before I
the-[.lection, even “by the omnipotence of!
Truth,”
These are my objections to your mode ofjito' i
cooding with your candidates. Let me now au
ticijiate the call which is to he made upon me.
Hir, 1 am as warm a friend to the Union as ever
trod its soil—l mean, sir, tho Union, as it came
in its beauty and perfection, from the hands of the
mighty dead who formed it. I wanted not—tho’
I over revered die injunction of that “Saint of
Liberty,’ who has heeti so importunately invo
kcd upon this occasion—l wanted riot his in
junction to endear me to it. It recommended
itself lo the affections of my boyhood: and these
a flections grow with my growth, ami strength
ened with my strength, until the year 1810.
From that time to this, the chords of my attach
ment to it have been gradually yielding, because,
from that time to lids, the Union has been ra
pidly changing its features. Still, 1 ding it,
as to a sacred relic, and would gladly embrace
any jdan which can he devised, lo jiroserve it
in iis primitive beauty. 1 came hither, in hojics
of hearing some such plan suggested , hut I find
wiih iegret, that it is a meeting to denounce
( I ins, not to form them—to teach us what we
stiatl not do, nut w hat wo must—to visit our
own citizens with penalties, nut their ojqircs
sor.-—to distribute rewards and punishments ac
cording to their success in guessing at the opin
ions 'his enlightened assembly. I submit,
Mr. Chairman, to tho authority of your body,
hut I cannot sanction its jirocoedings.
Equally ardent is my attachment to the form
of our Government. 1 have often d well upon
il with kindling rapture. 1 have felt that7 stood
on a lolly peak of mural elevation, while I eon
templuled it, and reiiicniheied that I was
AN aj.ki.icas CITI7.KN. No man is-iuore sensible
of its blessings, no man more grateful for them,
than 1 am. lint, sir, it litis Government is doom
ed to fall, under the political excitement of the
.Lay—if Georgia shall ho crushed in us mins,
land I in tho ruins of Oooigia; with my latest
| breath, but with an unfajionng tongue, w ith
| all the earnestness of Machctli, hut without any
| ol ’ l,ia iviumse, I will say to our Northern breth
ren "H ln.it can st rut say wo did it.’ 1
j have examined the doctrine of Nullification in
us most alarming features, and I am more than
writing that tnv n mm shall go down to posterity
j identified with it in its worst issues. History
. will fly rapidly to the gulden ruins of this great
i Ko 5 uWi4 * f,Tr l,la, erial» for her pen. Arid will
: you bear with me, sir, while < ■ . .
I -i, ~ 1 " e * anticipate her
! ,01> 1 "“ c l un " ot brln 3 Fririffiples lire bet
j ter-resf. W Eat will be nor record / Aim. per
i '"*"*>•* bounty of ibis Uo-vcra
i merit, she Will proceed,
! “Ihtl this unrivalled fabric of political wisdom,
inch seemed formed lo last forever, and .*»d
as a beacon of freedom , P the enslaved .rations
oi the earth, wax doomed to crumble
m less than a century from its fom.aUpa. The
people of the United States being j„ Dum
her, and possessing a hound It ss te;>aorv, of tv
ery Clime and every soil, of f; - m became an
,“ ricultural and commercial people. In -
■ alion, tho war wjth Great Britain, j n T’,,
found them. Dependent as they had bee--"*'
most exclusively, for their articles of mcrcii & '
dize, upon Lurope, they felt heavily, ihe | fl3 " "■
their foreign supplies. The people of N,".
England, who were most dependant upon
me;ce for a support, became excee<tiru>| v (i:
isfied with the war; and, while one
them were devising schemes to dose it ('°
dissolution of the Union, another portion res.!- *
od to improve it to their own advantage TW -
last accordingly, turned their atterttion t' o a ,,
factures. They had Just got their works in l-X
cessful operation, when the war closed Th •'
now applied to the Congress for some protect;' ■.
from tho ruin which threatened them’ u ,, on “
return of commerce. Tlicy ropresenUd’to that
body, that having stopped forward in a lime of
emergency, and vested their capital in man j!
factures, for tha good of the country, t!, ,t CPuR .
try ought to regard their interests in return -1
Tliey asked for assistance but fur a few years
and but to a small extent, when they fl ui urt j
themselves they could do w ithout aid. Accor
dingly, as tiro war left tiro Government in debt
about an hundred and twenly-seven millions of
of dollars, and as its interests could be secured
ul the same time, with those of die rinmufactm
rers, a small protection under special restriction*
was granted to them, in the year Ibtfi, As
lory in a State, is like a ray of light introduced
into a dak chamber: its influence extends
some degree, to the confines, however spacious
It was so with those ol America. Wherevit
they wore raised, they gathered a little bus--
prosperous world, immediately about then
which widened as flame kindles flame. Tk-v
soon began to contiol towns, counties, and dh
tricts; but as yet, their owners were res: ecu' (
and unassuming : and, in ISIS, they humbly so
licited another t„7or of Congress.— ft was
tmj. Ami now. the (mils of these institutions
flaying been seen and felt, new ones spiung an
in the neighborhoods of the edd ones, and u ■•o
! like influences. In 1624, they had acquire.;
1 power which was sensibly fell in many u s n 9
stronger Stales in the Union; and the inumitV■
| lu irg interests became an object of desk e, with
tho politicians of tire country. They wire
I listed in Piesideniial elections ; liad their avo.v
led champions in the councils of tire rj.rtiuri; tlicrt
I presses and their writers, in that year, the;< -
loro, they assumed a bolder tone, and denial;:;,
ed u duly upon almost every article of lusirrv
necessity that was imported from abroad— arid
they were indulged. The people ■ film Snail
upon whom fell almost the w.hole pressure i.f
these duties eloquently remonstrated ngaimt
this system iduneqttal taxation. They riot ;.. rw j
that if it wore persisted in, they would be cm.
strained, from a sense of self-pre'scrvatio,,. to
■dr-tit; anil 1 1 my began to wliis, .or, what it m
vollttd their own feelings to spei.K ..Imut "i
r.MON.” The maniiOeliners it d,i riilcii il
with an ignorance. r.f their i-un mlcn-Ms; -;
agents among them, employed at the sin.,
I two thousand d-liars per at-.urn lu rirligliieu
| Viiunr, and reconcile them to tl,e-h truly h -p,
condition. They pointed to die N.trend ,
which was uiiduigoing ti rapid reduction, by
vniuo of this system, and appealed to the ,
triolism of tin South, for a ceininur.i.io of a a
Unit* longer, until litis debt should bn u
1 his argument prevailed upon the pate n* :■ ’
4 not upon the understanding, us the h’nuiii, '1: ,
I system was trot abandoned, however, mid linl.i
| favors were conlinuud to tho mamifac.lincis er,
til 1623: tho Southern States still prolesiiii,,
laud still warning their Northern hi t-lliri n. lle.t
they would be driven to desperation hi these
measures. Georgia, in pa: ticulsr, sent a in* >t
solemn protest against tho system, and declan ■!
she Would resist it, ii it were not abandoned
and required hoi Uc|>rcecntativcs to have it re
corded upon the annals of the U. S. Senate.—
Ihrs was unavailing, however. The manufic
luiing interest had now become predominant in
Congress, and consequently, in tiro year jn.t
mentioned, thy duties wore augmented la *r
biosl alarming extent. Tho feeling.- ofilie South
now became almost nnnontrolable. Tin y ap
pealed to their own distresses, in strains of tlni
most toucliing eloquence: they pointed to fs
CotijUiiution, and enquired whether every sen
Ament of it was not at war with this system .*
favoritism ami inequality. They called up t;. ~
argument with which their hopes had b-eu n
lieved four years before; that when the Na
tional debt was | aid, they should be relieve*!.—*
It was now nearly extinguished, and instea.l 1 ;
relief, lin y wore doubly oppressed. This vast
amount ot money had come out of the pockets
of the people of the Union. Who paid it ! Tin.
people ul the Noitli and East wore wealthy and
prosperous ;• and those of the South were jn
making n support. T'ln.-y showed tho ovary
sales of their crops since ’24, that they bad ; -
nianently settled at half their former pi ices, at...
they emphatically asked whether it was an un
reasonable request to make of their own breti.
ron, that they might be permitte d to sell the pi
ducts of their own labor where lin y please*:,
ami for the best prices they could get I They
reftrrod to the common sliimaluof their father--
ryr?
which was for nothing more nor less than th-;
Were now insisting boon. I’lorn tho Potomac'
the Mississippi, tho jicop.le now became united
it) opinion, that the spirit of tha constitution !•» ■
been invaded, and that resistance to the c:
cruachment income form was necessary. *4
many sptokc loudly of Disunion.
“The nianufactuiing States, nn the ot;.*-'
hand maintained, that Iho power to lay duto '
and to regulate commerce with foreign nation
was expressly given, and they had a right
exercise these powers foi tiro protection of met
ufaotures, and they would do so. As fort: '
distresses of tlfcr South, they were either itr.
ginary, c* produced by tile increased production
of their stapies.-—That they would not abandon
n policy which would tain millions office labux
ors out of employment, in order that thousands
of slaves might ho mure profitahly'etnploycd
That they would sooner give up the Union. •
That if Congress should pass a law, reducing
the duty but $4,177,000, “it would soon he r* •
pealed by the united operation of at least arc •
lion of musket bearing rscEMEX ! whose no
ficalionis extermination, and who have full; uv. ■
er to do all they will in the work of “ reform
“At length, in 16dl, South Carolina began : -
place herself in an attitude of resistance. - -
firstsbe waslaughe*l at,but she yprsevet-'l - jV