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BY A. 11. & W. F. PEMBEKTOV. AUGUSTA, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1836. VOLUME 50—YO. 28. "‘‘ T ? ' ' f Published Every SATURDAY MORNI.VC, No. 261 Broad-street, opposite the MASONIC HALL. ’ TEWMS. . SEMI-WEEKLY PAPER, FIVE DOL iARS pci i..num, payable in advance, or >-lA CLEARS al the end of the year. WEEKLY PAPER, PKKLE DOLLARS «ct annum, payable in advance, or FOUR UUL . LARS at the end of the year. No paper will be discontinued (except at the choice of publisher,) until all arrearages are paid. ADVERTISEMENTS are inserted senn-wcek '/y, 624 cents per square, for the first insertion, and 43$ cents for each succeeding insertion— weekly, at 62J cents per square for each insertion, and monthly (when not exceeding one square) at gl for each insertion. None, however small, is charged less than one square. Those intended to be limited must have the number of insertions, temi-weekly or weekly, written on them, or they will be inserted semi-weekly till forbid, and char ged accordingly. The publisher takes upon himself the risk of all remittances of money made to him by Mail— the pet son remitting, first paying the postage, and ‘obtaining from the Postmaster, a written or verbal acknowledgement of the amount, and of its depo site in his office, to be given to the publisher in case of miscarriage. To Executors, Administrators, and Guardians SALES of LAND or NEGROES, by Admin istrators, Executors, or Guardians, are required by law, to be held on the first Tuesday in the month, between the hours often in the forenoon, 4ud three in the afternoon, at the Court-house of the county in which the property is situate.—No tice of these sales must be given in a public gazette, SIXTY days previous to the day of sale. Notice of the sale of personal property, must lie given in like manner, FORTY days previous to the day of sale. Notice to the debtors and creditors of an estate, hiust be published for FORTY days. Notice that application will be made to the Court of Ordinary for leave to sell LAND or NE GROES,must be published for FOUR MON'i'HS. AUGIisTA: WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 24. 1830- ** Be just i and fear not MR. FINUKNEV’S RESOLUTION. The Constitutionalist, as we expected, “ap proves the Resolution of Mr. Pinckney,” and '* would have voted for it,” &c. So it say.-'. We are glad, at least, that it has had the candor to avow it, and, not having room for its article on the subject to-day, will give it hereafter. FIRE, AND LOSS OP COTTON. \Vc regret to State, (says the Savannah Georgi an of Monday,) tlidt tow lioat No; 1, attached to the Steamboat Cherokee, from Augusta, on her way to this city, was destroyed by fire, while at ‘ Oto'cu’s Landing, on Friday morning last. There were 798 bales of Cotton on board, of which only 39 were saved. The fire is said to have arisen from accident. I GLORIOUS NEWS! 1 Wu have seen nothing for a long time that has i Afforded us such heartfelt satisfaction, as the late ( news on the French question, in another column, t showing that the French King has informed our t Government, through that of Great Britain, that < the explanation in the President’s Message issat- 1 isfactory, and he is ready to comply with the pro- 1 provisions of the treaty of indemnity. c • i «A. INSURANCE & TRUST COMPANY. The nnmbcr of shares taken on Monday, is , I,92o—yesterday, I,77o—previously, 19,005 ( total, 22,695—being 17,695 over the 5,000 to be allotted among the subscribers, according to the charter. We scarcely ever witnessed a more hu- initiating spectacle than the violent, excited, and degrading scramble for stock, which took place on Monday and yesterday. It is almost a wonder that lives were not lost. t SPEECH OF R. W. FLOURNOY, ESQ,. < We give to-day the first part of the speech of 1 Mr. Floubnof of Jefferson, in the last Lcgisla- t ture, in support of his bill to substitute the pun- f ishment of Solitaoy Confinement for that of ■ Death ; and recommend it to the attention of the reader. The remainder will bo published on Sa turday, and the whole will appear in the weekly paper of that day. We have on hand, several ’ other speeches, and reports of debates, in the ' last Legislature, which like this, have so far been '' excluded by the current news of the day, but 1 shall be published as early as wo can find room ' for them. ' ANOTHER FIRE. Just as we were closing our paper (one o’clock Monday morning,) a fire broke out in the old Ice House, and soon extended to the wooden store house of A. Gumming, Esq. adjoining his Fire Proßf Warehouse, and directly in front of the bid Rotunda building on Bay street, and before it could be got under, destroyed the old Ice House, Cumming’s store house, and the old Rotunda. The store, we understand, containsd 21 hhds. of Sugar, and about 1700 lbs. of fodder—the fodder i was destroyed—about 16 hhds. of the Sugar were saved. There is no doubt but the building was set fire to, and our Council should offer a liberal re ward for the apprehension of the incendiary.— Constitutonalist of Monday. HAMBURG TOWN COUNCIL. The Inauguration of the Intendant and War dens of Hamburg—Messrs. M. R. Smith, H. W. Sullivan, J. B. Covington, W. A. Youso, » B. F. Gouxdi, H. E. Simmons, and H. L. Jef fers—recently elected under the Act of Incor i ; jtdfation of the last Legislature, took place on H Saturday last. At eleven o’clock, the bells of the BL Presbyterian and Baptist Churches assembled the H citizens of the Town in the very handsome and jgtAppropriately furnished new Council room adjoin ing the Bank, to witness the ceremonies, which ||n»ero highly impressive throughout. The Oath Office was administered by two Magistrates, v- it. Ghat, and F. Lewis, Esquires — the Act of Bwcorporation, beautifully engrossed in a large Ijpd splendid Book of Record, for the minutes of fiSWp Council, was read by Mr. Wm. M. Frazer— I a brief but striking address was made by Mr. I Shultz—and a highly interesting, impressive, and peculiarly appropriate address was delivered • by the Rev. Mr. Davis of Augusta, (preparato ry to his invocation of the Divine blessing on the occasion, and its objects,) which evidently was listened to with the deepest interest, not only by 5 those to whom it was specially addressed, but by i- the spectators generally ; and we trust that both will long remember, and properly value, for their I common interest, and the moral and social happi . ness and prosperity of the town, its happy ap i, peals to their best and noblest feelings, its impres sive injunctions, and its excellent and appropri l ate admonitions. s 1 SOUTHERN LITERARY JOURNAL. , The February Number of olir native Maga ’ zinc (says the Charleston Mercury) was pub lished on Monday last. The Table cf Contents p is promising. We perceive there is another arti • cle on Medical Jurisprudence, which, we trust, j is from the accomplished writer on the same sub ject in a previous number. From a hurried i glance through its pages, we perceive an im provement in the poetical department. “ The Wilderness,” by “ Linus,” is a very beautiful little piece of poetical description, a painting sketched from nature, and finished on the spot. Next, is a scientific treatise on Tea and the Tea Plant, with a cut of the latter. This article we arc sure will be interesting. Next comes one on Phrenolgoy, which must be interesting, as it is by Dr. Cooper. We are sorry to see it so short. The next treats of the Italian Poets of the 18th Century. Next, an article on English views of the Ancients—from which also, we anticipate much pleasure in the peruse!—knowing the in dependence of the writer, “ Erin and Liberty ” is an animated spirit-stirring strain of Lyric Poe try, which makes us anxious to know who J. L., the minstrel, can be—his song is worthy of the Harp of Erin. Next is “ The Death of Grier son," a prose fiction, which promises well. Next, an article on Foreign Travel, into which we have not yet looked. Then “ The Harp of the Wilderness" —a very pleasing No. 1 of “ Carolina Melodies.” “ The Garden Walk ” is good too. It has thoughts in it, a condiment with which modern bardlings season very spa* ringly. The Arm Chair is, ns usual, devoted to short notices of recent publications. FROM THE VOLUNTEERS. We regret to learn by the following letter from a volunteer, published in the Constitutionalist of yesterday, that the Richmond Hussars did tlbt march with the Richmond Blues, from Picolata to Fort King, as reported. “ Sr. Augustine, Feb. 13lh, 1836. I arrived in this place this evening for the pur pose of purchasing supplies for the company ; hav ing an opportunity of writing, I embrace it with alacrity, to let you know that I am well, and en dure the hardships of the compaign with more for litude than I expected. We are at present sta tioned at Camp Augusta, on the St. Johns River opposite Picolata, 18 miles from St. Augustine. We had the pleasure of meeting the Richmond Blues at that place, but our meeting was of short duration, as they were ordered to march the morn ing after we arrived, to escort the baggage wa gons to Camp King, for General Clinch’s army. We would also have accompanied them, could we have procured horses to carry our baggage—the country being deserted, and stock all being drove oft" by the Indians and owners of Plantations, the i opportunity of obtaining them is bad. We Shall now wait at Camp Augusta until further orders from Gen. Scott, whose arrival is daily expected , —where he will order us is as yet uncertain, 1 jt is believed we will be ordered to join Gen. 1 Clinch’s army at Fort King. Since my .arrival here I have ascertained that the Indians have done considerable depredations, destroyed plantations and property to the value of $200,000, 18 miles | below this place.” , GEN. THOMAS GLASCOCK* , We are exceedingly gratified to see the justly warm approbation and applause, which the Slate ' Rights prints of Georgia arc extending to this gentleman, for his gallant, generous, fearless, and , faithful representation of the true intciests, honor, ■ and safely of his State, and the South; and it is ’ perfectly in accordance with the spirit and lan- , guage of all oiir private letters from Washington, i for sometime past. All speak in the most gener ous admiration of his chivalrous, open, and inde pendent conduct on the vital question of the South, while almost every other ihdn of his party is striving to dodge and evade it at every point, and escape from all its responsibilities. One says, ( “Our gallant representative, Gen. Glascock, is , the only true man among our opponents, with the exception, perhaps, of Col. Towns, who follows inext.” And another, “I cannot but admire the I gallant conduct of Gen. Glascock. On the abo- lition question he is acting a part worthy of Georgia. He feels as he ought to do; and while other men, and some of our own friends, have not acted as became them, he has nobly done his duty, faithfully and fearlessly, on every thing connected with this subject, so deeply in teresting to the whole South, and every slavehol der.” We have from the first noticed his con duct with that feeling of admiration and regard which we can never withhold from the mciits of any apponcnl, and nothing has restrained us from noticing it thus publicly before, as we have repeatedly done otherwise, and publishing his ex cellent remarks dri the subject; brit the continual pressure of other matters, some of which we force aside, even now. However we may differ from Gen. Glascock on other matters, on this, infinite ly the most important of all, his generous and no -1 ble conduct has won our best and kindest feelings, f and not only ours, we trust, but those of all others 1 at the South, of all parties—for, God fotefend f that there should be any party difference among ■ us on this vital question, alike deadly and dan- . gerous to all—and certainly, if there should bo , now, there cannot be much longer. Common j interest, and common danget, will ever, ifncces . sary, enforce common sympathy, and common 3 action. 5 ' THE MAILS, POST OFFICES, &c. i The extreme derangement of the mails, and rc i peated miscarriage of newspapers, is a source of r general complaint, throughout the whole country; . & tho’we have said little on this subject ourselves, . from utter hopelessness of effecting any thing . by complaint, we have not been less annoyed and . mortified than others. The complaints from sub scribers, in all quarters, of the repeated miscarri age of their papers, and their urgent appeals to take some measures of prevention, are most fre ' quent, and the more paiilful and embarrassing as ‘ the evils complained of are altogether beyond our ’ power or control,& wo know of no efficient rente* ' dial measure that it is possible for us to take. All ' that we can do, is carefully to deposit the paper of ' each subscriber, properly directed, in the Post Office of this city, and this wo have always done, and shall always continue to do; And those to whom they are addressed may always rely upon it, with the utmost confidence, that when any failure occurs, the fault is attributable to some Post Office on the route, and not to us. The same, 100, may no doubt with equal truth bo said, with re gard to any and every other news paper; for every publisher has the strongest motives of interest to prompt him to care and attention in this respect, of all Others, since no one can expect that his subscribers will long be willing to pay for that which they do not receive, let the cause of failure he where it may. Among the complaints just received, the Post Master at Crawfordville writes us that for several mails past, not a single Chronicle has been re ceived at his office. The Post Master at Calhoun’s Mills, Abbeville District, S. C, that the Chronicle rives very irregularly, but not more so than ei ther of the other papers taken there; that “in ma ny instances the direct mail from Augusta to that place is literally filled with packages for Edgefield C. H. and District; and that ho hopes we will be able to ferret out where the fault lies, for really the mail derangement is the most thorough de rangement that ever came within his knowledge,” And a much respected subscriber at Gainsville, Ga. writes us that for months past not more than half of his papers have been received. We earnestly rcqdest Post Masters and sub scribers to write us on this subject as often as fail ures occur, with all the particulars within their knowledge, and their opinions of the causes of oucti failures; and to authorize us to publish their letters, with or without the signatures, as they may direct; by which means, particularly if oth er prints would make a similar request, it might at least be ascertained in what quarters the evil is most common; and a direction of public atten and inquiry to those quarters, might do much to ward the detection and correction of such abuses. FROM FLORIDA. The Jacksonville Courier, of the 18th, recei ved last evening, brought the following latest in telligence from Florida, among which is a highly giatifying note from our gallant Robebtson : The following is a copy of a note written in pencil marks, by Oapl. Robertson of the Richmond Blues, to the Editor. Although short, it con tains intelligence, which we are glad to receive, that the gallant Blues have passed in safety, the dangerous part of their route to Fort Drane— which post they have ere this reached, arid been greeted by Gen Clinch. “Two miles from Mieanopy, Feb. 14 , 1836. Dear Sir.—l arrived safe within two miles of Mieanopy this morning—no attack by the way— all going on well—announce the above in the Courier, as it will meet cur blends before any in telligence from Fort Drane.” Sincerely your frjend, p. m. Robertson, Capt. Richmond Blues. The Hussars as infantry under Capt. Bones did not leave Picolata on Wednesday of last week, in company until the “Bines” as we were informed— and staled in our last. They were detained for want of baggage wagons, and are still in their camp at Picolata. Barvo ! Georgia !—Yesterday touched at our wharves, the steamers Santee, Tomochiehi, and Florida, having on board five volunteer com panies, from the counties of Monroe, Macon, Han cock, Morgan and Putnam —in all, upwards of 400 men, all prepared and eager for a battle with the warriors of that brave chief, whose beautiful name, Oseola, siguify ing in the Indian language, “the rising sun,” is so descriptive of his own ri sing to be the great warrior of the Seminoles. Col. Bankhead was passenger on boaid the Florida. All were bound for Picolata, thence to mareb into the Indian nation. We give below a list of a few volunteers who arrived in this place on Friday evening bf last week. They came from St. Mary’s in an open boat belonging to one of their number. This small band, only ten in numder, is, wo arts told, composed of not only Hie most wealthy—but of the bravest hearts—of the elite in chivalry of Camden, Chatham, and Glynn counties, Georgia. They go on to join their brother volunteers from Georgia.—They left yesterday morning on hoard the sciir. Ariel, for Picolata. We Understand that the Georgia volunteers will form themselves into a tcgiinent, al the head of which, it has been suggested to us by one of the company, Gen. Charles Fi.oyii will be placed. He is a gentle man extensively known, and it is admitted on all hands, that ho possesses great military experi ence and skill, and is brave as Julius Caesar. Gen. Chatii.es Fi-om, P. M. Nightingale, Thns. Bourke, R. Scott, J. Morrison, John Du bignon, Jos. Dubignon, John Randolph, A. Low, and R. Maekay. Mr. Crum, who arrived here to-day from Ala chua, says,that a friendly Indian sent out as a spy bv Gen. Clinch, reported on his return, that the Indians arc concentrating on the Ouithl conchy, near the battle ground on the hanks of that river. If lb’s is true, they are prohahljr eolleeling their strength fur another desperate engagement. More Volunteers for Florida. —Four compa nies of mounted volunteers from South Carolina, commanded by Lieut. Col. Butler, arrived hero on Saturday last, ami started yesterday for Picolata. Four other companies, under the command Col. ’ Goodwin, also from South Carolina, arriveiTherc ’ yesterday afternoon, and leave this afternoon for 1 the same place of rendezvous. There arc about ! GOO men in the whole.— Savannah Georgian, \ . Vid instant. o SPEECH OF a MR. FLOURNOY OF JEFFERSON, i. In the House of Representatives of Ga., a On the bill (introduced by him) to abolish the punishment of Death, for all crimes, except Treason, committed by while persons, and sub stitute Solitary Confinement,at hard labor, for life, in the Penitentiary, f Mb. Speaker:—What,sir, is the most cor reel test of the utility of any lawl It is oxpe q rience, founded upon the opportunities we have ~ had of judging, from personal observation and j otherwise, of the good and bad effects resulting from such law. 1 would respectfully suggest for the consideration of this body, the following pro -0 position to my triind self evident and conclu . sive; namely: that no law should be continued, s unless it is the best one that the case will admit r of; or, iii other words, whenst law is found not to . answer the purpose foi which it was enacted— -1 when its effects are found cither to be contrary ,f to, or to fall short of the desired object, it should bo t repealed; and it is the duty of every enlighten* , cd Legislative assembly to examine and decide for ) themselves Hie single and simple proposition, j whether it is the best Idw that the case admits of. , I must therefore beg the indulgence of the t House, while I offer to its consideration my views upon the subject now under investigation, and I . flatter myself that I shall be able to satisfy the unbi , ased judgment of some, that the present law is to > tally inefficacious. This hope is not based upon , any eloquence I possess, or logical reasoning I shall i bring to bear ; nor upon extensive research, but t upon the imperfections of the law I shall attempt > to expose, I presume it will not bo denied by the the most strenuous advocates of the present law, that the principal reason why it should remain I unrepo.iled, is, that its place cannot le supplied by a better; at least I should be sorry to heat , any other urged, as paramount to that. , It has been said, that the object of punishment, is to deter trten from offending. This i) the rea son given by an enlightened commentator, than t whom a greater never lived, and it has been ac j quiesced in fiom his day to the present, and must be so long as crimes are committed, and punish ment follows their commission. That commenta tor also observes, that death is the highest pun ishment known to the laws of England; by which he meant, the severest, not the best. Ex perience, the great corrector and exposer of the errors and falliccsof past ages, has clearly unfol ded the incfficacy of this punishment to effect the objects of it. Has it lessened the commission of crime 1 No, sir, no man will rise on this tl JOT *nct nriT nri; ‘While eth*> Ctlim'B have bc . come less frequent, those whicli incur the penalty of death, have increased, and are increasing, to a fearful extent. This of itself speaks volumes, and requires no eomment. England, celebrated for the severity of her criminal punishments, is beginning to awake to the importance of reform in her criminal jurisprudence. The incubus which settled upon her vitalities is at length par tially removed, and we look forward with plea sure to a no very distant period, when she who set the example to the civilized world of the tna * § | king of laws, will also give an example of their reform. In those portions of her government , where from the nature of circumstances the law is necessarily severer than in other parts, wo find ( a pioportionate increase in the number of crimes , committed. For example, take her colonic s set ; apart for the reception of transported felons. It ( may be replied that this is not a fair argument, be- ; cause those fcloris bave already shown the bent ot their minds to be toward the commission of crime. a But, sir, I affirm upon authority, that after ul . a lowing for that, the number will still be found large enough to answer the purpose of this ar gumsnt—nay, sir, it will be found conclusive. In Van Diemen’s Land, and the colony of New South Wales, appropriated for the pbposcs before- mentioned, though crimes are punished with as much severity, and probably more, than in any c other country where the laws of civilized nations j. extend, this, so far from deterring from crime, is found rather to increase it. What a monstrous | ( reflection is this; that after all the experience ( and knowledge which should have been collected j in the course of ages,a law hasbeen continued, ( with no general, and scarce one insulated cxccp- j, tion, whose course can be traced from the darkest to the most enlightened sjages of the world, by one long crimson line of blood ! which has re- . mained unchanged, amidst all other changes, moral and political—while mighty revolutions have been acted, empires have sunk, dynasties ( been destroyed, republics degenerated to monar- g Shies, and monarchies have been lost in barbar isms—and which has been instituted and perse- j vered in with equal superstition, by the American v savage, the New Zealand cannibal, the degraded ( Hottentot, and the ignorant Turk. Had it been pc- j culiar to them alone, there would be some room c for congratulation. But Greece, so often styled | r the cradle of the muses—wbcio Ilotnfer unstrung t bis lyre and sung his immortal Epic—where Sap- j j pho’s passionate and inspiring verse proclaimed ; [ that woman, too, can write as well as sing—and |, where Plato’s precepts were delivered, understood, ( and practiced—was nevertheless stained by this J c stream of blood. Rome, too, mistress, not only of s empire but of intellect—whose history is a bright! c page of thrilling events and mighty achievements, j. arid where, if the child of genius was cradled in | f Greece,there at least it attained maturity—lias still [ this humiliating stain upon her brightest annals, , Stepping over time for eighteen hundred years, this j spot at first—this stream that tfas—is now a migh- ( ty river, whose bloody tide is supplied by contribu tions from every nation on the habitable globe. ( Even here, in this “ our own, our native land,’ ( where the Eagle of Liberty, driven from Greece, , from Rome, from Switzerland, and Genoa, find- ] ing not one spot in all the old world to rest upon, winged her flight from those inhospitable climes, and has taken up her abode, I trust forever—here, where a mighty nation has sprung up as but from yesterday—a nation that has otherwise shown no slavish submission to the laws, cus toms, and manners of the rest es the world has nevertheless followed them in this, the worst ! of all. What a monstrous reflection, as I before t observed, is this! After thus following through - all ages of the world, a law sustained by all na r tiiins, it is found so far from answering the ob ject of its institution, .the prevention of crime, as . actually to increase it! Can we, then, as feeling - and reflecting men—as Legislators, selected by s; our fellow citizens, for the purpose of making 1 them good laws, and repealing bad ones—retain, ; with superstitious veneration, oris found not td r answer a single purpose for which it was design - edl Speaking on the subject of capital punishment, i, a writer in tho Westminster Review- observes, t “ Indeed, ftoin all that can bo learnt on tile sub- J ject,it cannot be discovered that tho punishment ql - death has any terror, or tiny salutary moral effect, ' upon surviving miscreants.” I leave it to the cx -3 perienco of every individual, if this is not his eon • viction, founded upon personal observation 1 It f hot only has no good effect upon tho multitude, ■ but it too frequently happens that it has none upon the culprit himself. “ What,” asks Dr. 1 Ross, “is or has been the effect of severe pun i ishiribilts, throughout the world I The direct tendency and almost invariable effect of severe punishments, is to deaden the faculties, both cor poral and rilentill, to extinguish the perceptions of right and wrong, to rob virtue of its charms, and vice of its bideousness, arid to bririg down man too level with the brutes.”—Thus, sir, with his worst passions excited—with feelings of hostility to his fcllbw men—the iliisarilhrope is burled from the stage of action, irito t|>e presence of bis God. How little prepared he is for that incetirig) I leave to be infetred from tho circumstances, I have beard of many, and I recollect a case that came under my own observation, where an indi vidual was executed; and bis coudliet was most blasphemous under the gallows, and be left the world with a curse upon his Ups. I presume all who have witnessed executions have witnessed similar scenes. In the sama Review, just mentioned, n writer says, “It has fallen to otir lot to witness a large number of executions. Tho convicted wont through the most sacred ceremonies of religion. They sang psalms; they ale a most abundant meal; they beard the summons ; their arms were pinioned; the halter was put about their necks ; they heard the solemn and affecting words of the funeral service, ns the pastor walked before them to the scaffold; the cap was llfbught over their eyes; and they dropped into eLctmly with more indifference than the ox goes to tho slaughter.” 1 Yet this shocking debasement is frequently taken for resignation to their fate. I deem it useless to go farther in illustrating the argument by examples of the effects upon the criminal Him Self, presiimihg It will not be con tended that the punishment of death was insti tuted for any good cffeol expected to result to him. Should such an argument bo urged, I have only to say, it flies in the face of all expe rience, and the writings of the most eminent ju rists who have written on criminal law, and whose opportunities were best for observing tho effects of its administration; rind boldly contra dicts its most celebrated advocates and apologists, among whom was Dr. Paley, who, following Blackstoue, says the object of punishment is to deter men from offending, or in other words to lessen crime. Let us pads* for a mommit, and consider what arc the immediate elleels opon the multitude, ol witnessing an execution ; and let every man an swer to himself, who has witnessed one, what were his feelings. Was not tho enormity of the offence, lost Iri sympathy for the sufferer 1 On men of cold and philosophical minds, who can re main unmoved amidst the convulsions of nalute, and view with composure the agonies of a fellow creature, I admit it would produce little or no ef fect. Brit, to the honor of human nature be it said, if this is Philosophy, all are not Phi losophers. I assert, that upon the great majority, the effect is different, from the moment that the jury find the prisoner guilty. However strong the tide of prejudice may have run against him before, there is then an immediate reaction. The effect produced upon the vicious and depraved, so far from being salutary, is sometimes found to increase the morbid sensibility of their minds, and actually burry them into the commission of crimes. When «c reflect upon the opportuni ties afforded in an immense collection of per- 1 sons, to perpetrate crimes, the evil In comes »p- ' parent, to provide against wbirb, various means 1 have been r. sorted to. In the first place, to pro- 1 vent the sympathy of persons from having time 1 to exert its influence, some hove contended for 1 immediate execution, upon conviction, that the 1 crime for which the criminal suffered, might re main so fresh in the minds of individuals, that 1 theirsympatby for the murdered should counter- 1 balance their sympathy for the murderer. This ' I unhesitatingly pronounce to be sophistry; for, I although the execution might follow immediately upon the sentence, there is a link wanting in the chain of argument; which is, that the trial should follow iifuriediatcly upon the comffilssiori of the crime; and so far from this being the case, it is often six months and sometimes years, be fore the accused takes Iris trial. Therefore, un- 1 less there was sonic omnipotent power; to com mand sympathy when to cease, ami when to flow, I should suppose that 1H taking its natural direction, it would bo more apt to be felt for the murderer, at his execution, tv hen the agony of the sufferer presents itself immediately to the eye with all its horrible associations, than for the murdered, at the bare recollection that some six ! months before, the former cruelly took his life.' We know how we may be affected by touching eloquence, and from reading an affecting story; yet who would not he more affected by actually witnessing the scenes described I But some con tend that the execution should be delayed, that s- | the convicted might have an opportunity of re d, ] penting, which would not be allowed, were pirn at ishment to follow immediately after tho convic e viction ; and this clearly conflicts with the opin h ! ion of those who go for immediate punishment, a- A law upon which even its own advocates so U- : widely differ, must be defective somewhere, s j Again :to guard against the bad effects of pub g j lie executions, in reference to the opportunities ,y j they afford for committing crime, some contend, g that they should he public, so that it not only i, should be known that tile punishment is liiflict -6 od, but that it should strike terror to those who L . witnessed its infliction : But, returning to our proposition, that experience is the (Real corrector ti of error, what do we find to he the fact, in refer , ; cnee to this matter I What is the situation of j this great prop of capital punishment, around ,f - which its advocates of all ages have rallied with tj delight 1 We find that experience has dcmon . atrated so plainly the absurdity of adhering to the . plan of publicly executing criminals, that in ma t ny parts ol llie world ills totally abolished, and , t executions arc ordered to take place in the yard of 3 the prison, and it is expressly provided that none . shall bo present but the executioner and a few . witnesses. This is the law of Now York, and, if ( I mistake not, of several other States. They „ have become enlightened as to the utility of the . whole system of punishment by death, but have C not had the boldness at once to repeal it. Not I satisfied, however, against reason, justice and Im , inanity, to retain what appeared so plain an ab , surdity, they have made one grand though tinjor f ous step toward its final abolishment. What j were the arguments in opposition to the repeal of s the law of public executions, when proposed in - the New York Legislature i They wore the [ same that will no doubt be used bore, if my argu -1 mollis are deemed worthy of answering, because, touch oho pririclplis of the hiw, arid tho same op l position meets you at every point, whether in rc ■ fcronco to any portion or tho whole; namely : that 1 it destroyed the good effect it was contended was 1 produced, by public executions. Now when I ask for its entire exclusion froth our Slate, tool r and blanch, I may be asked, would I license tritir _ der 1 Heaven forbid 1 If all the blood were col t lected that has been shed by the bauds of murder ers, from the time of Cain to the present rndmenl, I it would form a mighty ocean whose gory waves , would rise like crimson mountains, and bury us ; beneath them ! What has licensed murderers > heretofore I might I not reply with equol justice to i the advocates of the old law, that they are the r licensors of murder 1 And that is not all—they a, «to the butchers of milliom. They advocate a ” system, which all experience proves to be errone n ous—a system, around which tho spirits of judi- Icial murder and bloody tyranny hover in eternal disquiet, ft was through their system that the immortal Socrates, and no loss immortal Emmet, suffered, beside myriads of others in ancient , days. Approaching nearer- our own times, wc view whole hecatombs slaughtered in revolution ary Franco, to satisfy the insatiable thirst for hu man Mood, of those monsters, Marat, Oanton, and Rohcspioro. Sir, could the souls of all that have suffered capital punishment, again resume their bodies arid return to earth, they would he enough to people it, with tho victims of your bloody law; and might give a shriek of despair, that would rend the earth, and reach to Heaven. Let it not ho said, then, that I, who contend fur an untried system, which I believe is based upon the | principles of justice and humanity, urn in Ibis | disposed to license murdfer. If all men were diposed to wait for examples, 1 i the progress of society would at once cease, none being willing to try a new experiment, it would of course remain untried. In this age, when every hour unfolds new beauties ill llie ii[lecututivo, arid new benefits in the practical world, will it be con tended that wo alone should remain tied down to old established and long exploded custortiri—de- < pendents upon tho gchius and boldness of others I 1 Some may say we at least get rid of the crimimfi. ( This I consider a weak and unsustainable posi- | lion. It is the one of all others 1 would prefer meeting the advocates of the old law upon, he- ' cause their deferii, would ho rio less signal to them- , selves, than evident to others. Assuming it, then, ( as taken, let us examine it a little. To say no thing of its violating every principle of humanity, { it contains an absurdity within itself, because, r the object of getting rid , could lie accomplished v by the laxv now proposed. It matters nothing c IloW a criminal is disposed of. All that could lie [, expected, or asked for, by those who think it a a great object—ami I admit it to be one—is so to i] dispose of the criminal, as to prevent him from * offending in future, I contend this mriy he j done l>y imprisonment for life. This plan may ho objected to hy some, from the idea of the expense; hut I should suppose the manage* J ment extremsly deficient, if the prisoners did not f support themselves, which they should not only r do, hut, under proper management, would no 1 doubt pay a revenue to the Stale. What has , been done, can certainly bo done again; and < what is doing elsewhere, can most assured- • ly be done hero. The Auborn Stale Prison, in * New York, does this; slippoits itself, and is the j means of revenue to the Stale. There, where I labor of every description is lower than with us, it is nevertheless found, even when employ- ed in a prison, to yield a profit. This is certain- „ Iv ti Sbricluslvri nigiirnriit in favor of tho system o here, where everything comes higher; hut, then, R I may be answered, if labor comes higher with us, the materials alto come higher, from which this labor is to he supplied. But this is not tho fieri I Those materials from which are manufactured ar- h tides of the most value, and icadiest sale, can he l furnished at home, from our own forests; Fof I instance, timber, for wagons, or leather for shoes; ( 1 so that, upon the whole, wc may conclude that la- j t her in the Smith is higher than at the Ninth,,' which will news, orily increase the value of nrti- j j c|, b manufactured here, and that the materials fur | their manufacture are cheaper; There is another I !• ( Ct •’ rami of the convicts |n our penitentiary, by . 1 the time they acquire a trade, am released. Such - would not bo the situation of those imprisoned for . 1 life. The longer they remained, the better work „ men they would become, and the more profitable > to the institution. Like all new undertakings, it would require something to commence with. . This, however, should not bo accounted a loss; nor „ should the expense be taken into consideration; ( We gave some two or three hundred thousand ; dollars to Franklin College, and the direct pecu niar;/ benefit resulting to the State, from that , appropriation, is not one cent; yet who would r not rather give oa much nlbre, than deprive it of r what it has already received. This is a practical , instance, where the good resulting to the Slate, is f greater than the pecuniary benefit would be, were I the money differently applied. So would it be i in this case, where the good clfucts would tar over ■ balance the loss, should them bo any, which I i contend would he nothing but the first outlay . which in time would be repaid. If our penitentia ry has liceii found not to support itself, tho defect [ is in its management, or the principles upon which it is established, and proves nothing against the institution Itself. • It has been said, and no doubt will be said again, that the Bible commands the infliction of , capital punishment. I know that the Bible is , sometimes tbe last resort of a desperate dilemma; and (batmen who practice none of its precepts; . and have never read a dozen of its pages, will ne vertheless, with great gravity, and apparent sancti ty, appeal to it to sustain them in a doubtful posi tion. To tbe literal constructionist, I will say, you arc not at liberty to resort to a literal construc tion of the Bible when it suits your purpose, and abandon it when it duos nut; and to such I would put this question : Do you nut sanction a viola tion of tho Bible every day of your lives? You go for capital punishment by hanging, which sheds no “blood,” as the punishment for the mur der of an individual, by stabbing, shooting, or otherwise ; in all of which cases, blood is shed. Now the Bible says, for blood, blood shall be shed j end Again, the lex laliatut of tho Bilblc, says, “ an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth,” yet you sanction as the punishment far all such offences, imprisonment in the penitentiary. In this, you arc at variance with the Bible,and with yourselves; and how do you profidsc sheltering yovrselves from this charge ? How will you explain and re concile your inconsistencies 1 Will you attempt it by saying that you die hot literal construction ists 1 In that case, I abandon tho argument, as unworthy of further pursuit l , and you must seek to sustain yourselves upon some other ground, be -1 cause, when you call to your aid that holy monu ment of truth, you must meet it as it stands. I urn aware that there is a very fashionable into ' pretution given to tho Bible, at the present day by tbs difierent sects who claim to bo doers and 1 followers of its commnnds, to answer the particu lar objects of each. There are great differences of opinion among learned diviitda themselves, in reference to particular sentences, and the manner in which they should bo translated, all of which' is calculated to leave the sceptic more sceptical,ra thcr than to advance the cause of religion & truth.' But I believe there is no diiference of opinion in respect to the translations mentioned; and there fore gentlemen must take them us they find them, or not revert to them at all. If they propose act ing out their principles, let them introduce a law for tire purpose of punishing all olfenecs according to the Bible: or, in other words, let them intro duce the exploded lex talionis. If they fail in ef fecting their object, I conceive them free as to the course they should pursue, and invite them to a comparisoaof the merits of the old law, with those of the one proposed, I'l’o be concluded in our next.] Jacksonville, (Flor.) Feb. 11. Yesterday morning the Augusta volunteer*,’ composed of the Richmond Blues, and tbe Rich mond Hussars as infantry, and Glynn Camden volunteers, commenced their march from ccinp, on tho west side of river, opposite Picolata, to tho bend quarters of Gen. Clinch. They were impatient of delay at Picolata, and set out on their inarch with alacrity and in good spirits. Under their guard is a train of baggage wagons, conveying provisions and store* to Gen. Clinch. Just before the march yesterday morning one of the sentinels (Mr. Pemberton,) on the faithest outpo-t, discovercrod an Indian. Ho came in and reported what be bad seen to Capt. Robertson, who immediately with a small detachment, scour ed the hummock where tho Indian made his ap pearance to the sentinel. No farther discovery was made. This fellow was undoubtedly a spy; ami the circumstance of his being there, renders it not. Improbable that the volunteers will have an opportunity to prove their courage, and tost their skill in fighting Indians, before they reach Lang Syne.— Courier. The most cheering intelligence is now rccciv cd from every quarter. Volunteers, militia, and regulars are coming to our protection, and to en force the stipulations of the treaty made for tho removal of the Scminolcs. The Florida arrived at the wharf Monday evening last, bringing the /lichmond //unsure, another company of volun teers from Augusta, Georgia, under the command of Cap;. Samuel Bones. The spirited and philan thropic movements of Augusta, demand from ua the highest commendation, and have created a debt of gratitude which wt can never duly repay But Augusta, with its heroes, will long Be remem bered. . . • ...... f The Florida also had on hoard a Company of volunteers from Darien under tho emtimandof (.’apt. T. F. Bryan. The citizens of Twer!, were among the.fmeijjdst to toel and to,ltd ih\ ho of tbeir suffering tcllow citizens! Many the gratitude of suffering Hearts, which, though no opportunity may occur of expressing it, will ba long felt,— ht. Our Volunteers.— We observe that letters have! boon published in Augusta censuring the Uharlat. ton Volunteers for not marching to join Oen- Olinrh. The volunteers who first left this city were called upon', and volunteered expressly for the defence of.St. Augustine; nor could they leave that place without orders, on the mere invitation of Other volunteers, whowished them to accompa ny them elsewhere. The letter writers were, we presume, ignorant on these points, and ought there fore to have forborne easting censure on thoit brother soldier*.— Charleston .Tferf.xry.