Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

tv II 'I \ Hff 1 :• 1 the ALBANY PATRIOT, ,« rinuwti) ivnr TnwwBM aotioxn, n NELSON TIFT & SETH N. BOUBHTON, Editor* and Proprietor*. TERMS. TWO Dollar* per annum, if paid in advance, or Dollar* at the end of the year. .Adivrtimaenti 1 not exceeding twelve lines, will lo lndcrted at One Dollar tor tlic fir*t insertion, and IVtv cents for each continuance. Advertisements .1 Wins the nsmlicr of insertions specified, will .. tUMitd until forbid. < jSje, oflAndandNegroea by Executors, Adminis- tntoni and Guardian*, are required by law to he ulnitisrd in a public gazette, sixty day* previous to i Veilin' of sale: •l l,e nice of Pmtonal Property must be advertised Hr manner forty days. .Notice fa> Debtor* and Creditors of an estate mart ,'riiUi,-i.ed forty ilay*. Notice that application will be made to the Court Oliuary for leave to sell Land and Negroes, must j, ncMthcd weekly for four months. 'ilontlilyAdvertisemcnts.Ono Dollar per square forrucii insertion. j j All Letters on businesa must be post paid. POETRY. HOME AND FRIENDS. Oh, tliere’s a power to make each hour As sweet as heaven designed it; Nor need v.o roam to bring it homo, Though few there be tint bud it! We seek too high for tilings close by, And lose what nature found ua; Kor lite hath here no charms so dear As home and friends around us I W« oft destroy the present joy For fntnre hopes—and praise them; Whilst dowers as sweet bloom at our feet. If we'd but stoop to raise them I For things afar still sweetest are ■ U'lirn youth’s bright spell hath bound n*; got noon we’re taught tliat earth hath nought Like Home ahd Friends around us! The friend* that speed in time of need, When Hope's last reed is shaken, To *huw us still, tliat, como what will, We are not quite forsaken: Tlmnoh all w ere night—if but the ljgbt From lVcnd>lii’’« alter crown’d ns, Tivnuld prove the bliss of earth wa* this— Our Homo and Friends around us! I'rom Ih Wanhin ton Union. THE RE-ORGANIZATION OF THE MILITIA. Mr. Black, of South Cnrolinn, from (lie Committee on the Militia, hits submitted to the House o! Representulivcs the following report, ncconipunied by u bill which curries the proposed system into its necessary d:> tails. \Vc lay the report before our renders, because h is essentially important, among a free people, to give the greatest practica ble efficiency at all limes, nnd especially at tins nine, to this great arm of the public service—this “cheap defence of nations”— lull which will neither lie cheap nor effi cient unless it be properly and actively or ganized ; and because I he system proposed in the hill from the committee is eminently worthy of the public attention. The statis tics embraced in the report are as cheering as they arc instructive. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, JAN. 27, 184G. Mr. J. A. Black, from the Committee on |he Militia, mode the following report: The Committee on the Militia, in submit ting to the House “a kill more cffectual- )y to provide for the national defence by organizing and classifying the militia of the United Stales, nnd providing for call ing the same into the service of the U. States, and for other purposes,” beg leave respectfully to report: Thai your committee have given to the subject that grave consideration which its importance to justly merits; and while they abstain from any labored argument to vindicate the importance, not to say the necessity, of a wcl) regulated militia, they deeittit not inappropriate to present-io the the general considerations House briefly „ which have influenced them to recommend the adoption of the proposed measure, to gether with an explanation of its leading feature*. , , • If it be the will of Heaven thai the liber, tics and institution* of >hi* country shall be ? received and perpotualcd,. our main dc- ence must essentially remain in the hands nf a well armed and organized citizen sol diery. . A large standing army in time of peace U not only contrary to the nature of our institutions and uncalled for hy the cir cumstances of the country, but is equally inefficient ns a reliable means of national ilefe nee at the approach of danger. Sit tint ed as we are, at a distance from tho powers of Europe, and with no equal power on this continent, wc may reasonably hope that, in a'continued course of justice and commercial good offices to all nations, our wars will be few and after long intervals of peace. The effect* of peace on a standing army the last thirty yean sufficiently dr- 'noMfrate. From superannuated officers, die country can hope for but lUths of that efficiency which might be in keeping with the gallantry of their youth; nnd while the committee would be the last to deny to them the gratitude and care of the country t« past services, yet experience teaches that the public safety forbids a reliance up- 'bem in the boor of danger. The sub alterns are younger men, and, at a heavy cost, are scientific; but it must not be for gotten that, entering the army in time of profound peace, many of them are encum bered with families, and all more or less enervated by the case and luxury of a peace establishment. They are but ill calculated for the duties of the field, or for anv thing more than drill sergeants or men of mere routine. It is true that in this they have their uses, but they cannot be relied on us a main defence. Another great objection to a standing army in lime of peace is the vast increase which it brings to the patronage of the gov ernment, already fcariullv, it not ruinously, great. Of all exiting governments, we are most prone to imitate, in oar practice, that of Great Britain. Deriving our descent from the same people, s|ieaKing the same language, and iu constant nml intimate in tercourse, wc unconsciously adopt the hab its and modes of thought of that country ; and, unfortunately, .exhibit a dangerous dpiitudc for imitation in all things. In Great Britain the vast church estab lishment and the immense army and navy nfiord ample provision for the dependents ol influential men and families. In this country, thank Heaven ! we have no church establishment; and, as yet, but a small army und navy. But small as they ore, the exert ions of those who arc disposed to term a separate class from the great body of the industrious community, mid lo find sanctuary in the unuy and navy, are fre quently more strenuous and zealous in seeking a cadet’s appointment or a mid shipman's warrant, than in reaching the higher motions ol’ the government. In view of the great danger from this source, it becomes our imperious duty to guard against the tuulign influence of such a dis position, nnd to remove all apparent neces sity for any tiling more limn a mere skele ton army in lime of peace, with the ready fuciliiy of a temporary increase in limes of war or imminent danger. The first nnd most important step to effect this object is the organization ot an efficient militia. A disposition, which has been evinced in the community of late years, to suffer the mili tia to fall into utter disorganization, is eqtiully apparent and alarming, and, if not arrested, must inevitably-result in a heavy and increased |>citce establishment. Such uu establishment, though it may not en danger the liberties ol the people by its force of arms, will exert n most disastrous influence both upon the government and society, by increasing the patronage of the one, ami corrupting ilie momls of (Tie other. Impressed with these views, your commit tee have labored to make the militia efl|- cient in limes of danger, and, at the same lime, relieve it of unnecessary burdens in times • of peace. To effect this, the bill provides for classifying the militia, and for an enrolment in times of peace, including only those between the ages of twenty-one and thirty years, together with the present unform companies nnd volunteer corps; while the enrolment for a war establish ment includes all able to do malitia duty between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years, the clergy only except. From the best data before the committee, they are led to believe that the pence en rolment will number about j(l,Olltt,tiOtl) one million, nnd the war enrolment about (2,- 7;iii,0II.i) two millions seven hundred thou sand men; so that in times of peace, mili tia duty will fall on little more than one- third, thus effecting a great suving in lime to the community, while a perfect organi zation is preserved, in order to a full enrol mem in tne event of war. The bill further provides that all of the first class when draughted into the service of the United States in lime of war, may be required to serve twelve months—and one year in every period of three years, if ifeccssary. But their pay is increased by a liberal allowance of (84. i) forty dollars per annum in lieu of clothing, while substitu tion in all cases whatever, is now legalized for the first time. This will enable com panies or corps, by a joint fund, to hire substitutes or to stand the draught; and enrol themselves in a separate and distinct corps, and thus become liable'to furnish recruits for the regular army in the propor tion of oue to ten of their number. This position they assume voluntarily, and with out coercion of any kind Should they refuse or neglect thus to enrol themselves, they arc placed, by the law, in the first class, and ore only Kabie to such duty as is required in common from ail their fellow citizen?. But should they avail themselves of the privilege os vour committee believe they will, the class which must number from one million to one million two hun dred thousand would be able immediately to give onc-ten.h that number of recruits to the regular army. It is not supposed, however, that the whole number would be required at once. Congress most likely would husband the means of defence, by calling out from one-half to three-fourths of the supply of recruits, leaving the balance to fill up the army at such times as the ex igencies of the service might require. Even with this liberal supply of recruits to tile regular army, the committee have no disposition lo limit the necessary de fences of the country. Thcv offer these means additional to those which already exist; and should the supply of recruits proposed lo be raised by this bill prove in sufficient, there is nothing to prevent Con gress, in limes of great public daugcr, from increasing the army by the usual method of enlistment. The exemption allowed to those fur nishing recruits!* not intended to limit the means of the Slate respectively, or prevent them from a full control over all their mili tia in cases or insurrection, invasion or al arm. The committee propose that only regu- these government would never require at one lime more (ban l-5tl» of the 1st class, (3»H»,t)ttO) three hundred thousand, and 1-ltith of the Sd class would make (120,013) one hundred and twenty thou sand. Of these last, government could will out at once from («o,iM0) sixty to (80,000) eighty thousand, leaving as a reserve from (40,000) forty to (6tyM») sixty thousand, which would be more than sufficient lokeep up the force first called out for it period of five years’ war. If, then, the government should find it necessary to enter into anv great contest with a powerful enemy, it coiiht carry it on for five years, under 'this system, without calling out the same man twice, or without asking for more than one in ten of the second class. All which respectfully submitted.. FORGIVE AND FORGET. *r ns Atrmoa or u fboyeebixl nnuosonrv.” Wires streams of ankindnem as bitter as gall. Babble op from the heart to the tnngne. And Meekness is writhing is torment and thrall, By the hands of Ingratitude wrung— In the heat of injustice, enwept and unfair, While the anguish is festering yet, Nooe, none hot an angel of Gud can declare “I now can forgive and forget." But, if the bad spirit is chased from the heart. And the lips are in penitence steeped. With the wrong so repented the wrath will depart, Though scorn on injustice were heaped; For the best compensation is paid for all ill, •When tlie cheek with contrition is wet. And every one feds it is possible still, At onco to forgive and forget. To forget ? It is hard for a man with a mind, However liis heart may forgive, To blot out all perils nnd dangers behind, And but for the future to live; Thqn how shall it ha J for at every turn Recollection the spirit will fret, And the ashes of injnry smoulder and burn, Though we strive to forgive and forget. Oh, hearken! my tongue shall the riddle unseal, And mind shall be partner witli heart, While tlico to thyself I bid conscience reveal, And show thee how evil thou art; Remember thy follies, thy sins, and—thy crimes, How vast is that infinite debt t Yet Mercy hath seven by seventy times Been swift to forgive and forget Brood not on insults or injuries old, For thou art injurious too—- Count not the sum till the tout Is told. For thou ait unkind and untrue; And if ull thy harms are forgotten, forgiven, Now mercy with justice is met Oh, who would not gladly tako lessons of Heaven, Nor learn to forgive und forget f . Yes, yes, let a man when his enemy weeps, Be quick fo receive him a friend; For thns on his head in kindness he heaps Hot coals—to refine and amend: And hearts that are Christian more eagerly yearn, As a nurse on her innocent pet Over lips that once bitter, to penitence turn, And whisper, Forgive and forget THE ORANGE” TREE INSECT. Our friends on the scnconst of georgia and Florida, <ire doubtless aware that n lariy licensed preachers of the gospel shuli be exempted froai militia service. They hold that nil public burdens should fall as equally as |>os?ible on every member of the community, nnd, in times of public danger, all xhould tlo their duty. Tlic lntv should suffer no favored class to exist; under the bill, in fact, there could be no apology for exemptions, as nil are allowed to furnish substitutes when called into service. Those who arc unwilling to fight, or have better employ iiienl at Lome, should at least lie willing to pay others liberally who are wil ling to fight *the battles of tlie- country. In time of peace there is no duty required of those between tlic ages of eighteen and twenty-one years, thus forbearing to inter fere with the relations of parent aud child, and master nnd apprentices, or with the pursuits and acquisition of education in youth. Of those between the ages of twenty-one nnd thirty years, duty is re quired; but no duly is required of those between the ages of thirty and forlv-fivc years. Whatever advantages or disad vantages may seem to attach to the one or the other class are fully equalized and dis tributed, as will readily appear, when it is remembered that in a succession of years every one is called to pass through each class. The only thing in the bill which may be supposed to bear heavily on any portion of the community is the extension of the time ofdratight to twelve months. But when the increase of pay, provided for in case of! specific against the scaly insect, that lias a draught for six months ot more, is taken wrought sulsh devastation among the far- into consideration, together with the prjv- famed orange groves of St. Augustinge, ilege of substitution and the facilities of in- has been discovered in England. Has it creasing thei regular army in lime of war, been tried in this country 1 OristheAme- s r r . RAPID PROSPERITY OF OHIO; 4 Ohio was s wilderness, exdtoiVelS pied by the Indians, until ness th* close of the last century. In 18HU its, population amounted to 45,865, in the nett ten tehrt it had increased live fold, and- in- tk* leh which followed it ngnin doubted: - Id’1842 it had mi rhed 1,6011, DUO souls, all fro*, and almost without any edmixtura of the col ored race. In this short interval the : fort es! Imd been transformed .into- a- land-of steam boats, canals, and flourishing town*; nnd would have been still mot* populous hod not iltonsnndsof its netv settle!* emi grated still further weal into Indiana nnd Illinois. A portion of the public works which accelerated this marvellous prosper* ity were executed w ith foreign capital, but the interest of the whole has been punctual ly paid by direct tax. There is no ether example in history, either in the old M new world, of so sudden a rise of n large coun try to opulence and power. The Sloth contains nearly ot wide an extent of arable land ns England, all of moderate elevation, so rich in its alluvial plains as to be crop- tied thirty or forty years without manure, having abundance*of fine timber, a tem perate climate, many large navigable fib ers, a ready communication through Lake Erie with ihe north and east, and by tho Ohio with Ihe south and weel, and, lately, abundances of coal in its eastern counties. I am informed that, in tho begining of the present year, 1842, the foremost band of emigrants have reached the Platte ' River, a tributary to the: Missouri. This point i* said to be only linlf-wnv betweeh tlie At lantic and the Rocky Mountains, and the country beyond the "present frontier is as fertile as ilini already occupied. De Toc- quevillc calculated that along the borders of the United Slates, from Lake Superior to the Gulf of Mexico, extending a distance of more than 1,2m) miles ns the bird flics, ihe whites advance every year at n mean rote of seventeen miles j and he truly ob serves, that there is a grandeur and solem nity in this gradual and continuous march of ihe European race towards the Rocky Mountains. He compares it fo "a deluge of men rising ttnnbntcdly, and daily driven onwards by tho hand of God.”—Lyeltt Travel* in North JhnericSk it is believed that this extention of the time of service is neither oppressive nor likely to increase the whole period of duty beyond what is now required, while the change is too obviously productive of grea ter efficiency in the service to require proofs. To those nt all acquainted with the mili tary service, it is a notorious fact, that from three to six months’, drill is necessary to make a soldier really serviceable in the field. Under a draught or three or six months, our militia, no utalier what may be their gallantry or firmness, are often sacrificed for want of discipline, and very frequently discharged at the very moment when they become capable of being really uselul to tlie each who may ba draughted can cither eonntry. By the law of 1838, our militia serve himself or hire a substitute. The re- was subjected to six months? service out of suit, most probably, should this bill be- every twelve; by the bill, they are sub- come n law, will be, Hint such os choose jeeted to twelve months? service out of illic it bear a part in the active defence of the ty-six. Tlie amount of service, therc- counlry will receive liberal contributions fore, required bv this bill, compared lo the from such as remain al home in the ease requisitions of tliat act, is in fact reduced, nnd comfort of tbeir firesides. It is true ihe act of 1838 has expired by ils Our uniform companies and volunteer own limitation, while ibis is proposed to be corps are retained so long ns they may permanent; but it is equally true, that all choose lo preserve their organization.— demands on ihe militia, except in cases of They are, however, subject to be called in- insurrection, invasion, or alarm, must be to service for twelve months at a time, but made with thesanction of Congress, which not to exceed one year in three, whenever snffcienilyguardstheexrerciseof the power their services shall be deemed necessary against the danger of executive caprice in to the government. But when called out, it* use. That this lengthened term of an allowance of ($4<>) forty dollars per draught may have a tendency to sirength- annttm to each, as compensation for uni- cit ihe government in times of public dan- form, is to be made; and each corps or ger, vonr committee will not deny; but company la to aerve as a whole under its at the same tune, they feel that it was the own officers, and, where danger shall be object of 'hose who formed our institutions encountered, shoulder to shoulder with .to make them strong in war, and os little their own comrades. This the committee deem doe to men who, even in times of peace, have manifested n proper military onerous as possible in time of peace. If the committee be right in supposing that all the people in the United States spirit/and upon whom the country, there- liable to do militia dnty, aocordingto the fore, in limes of danger, could confidently j requirements of the bill, amount in number ro j v . i lo two millions seven hundred thousnnd,un- To the second class, including those be- der a full war enrolment there will be in tween the ages of thirty and forty-five years the first class about one million five hun- the bill allows the privilege, on n general died thousand, and m the second, else* one enrolment in time of threatened danger, to'million two hundred thousand. But .of rican insect the same that infests orange trees in England? Mr. Downing, in his “Fruilsnnd Fruit Trees of America,” page 543, says:—Tlic orange plantations of Florida have suffered very severely within a few years, from the attack of the scale insect (Cccut Uispcridum) which in some cases has spread over whole plantations nnd gradually destroyed all the trees. It is the same small, oval, brownish insect so common in qttr green-houses, which ad heres closely'to the bark aud underside of the leaves. ’ All efforts lo subdue it in Flor ida have been nearly unavailing. A specific, however, Mr. D. says ngninsl this insect has lately been discovered in England. It is .the use of the common Chamomil*. It is stated (hat merely hang ing up bunches of fresh chamomile' herb in the branches, destroys the scaled insect, nnd that cultivating the plants at the roots of the trees, is an effectual preventive to the attacks of this insect. Where the bark nnd leaves are much infested, we recom mend the stem and branches to be well washed with an infusion of fresh chamo mile in Water, and tho foliage to lie well syringed with the same. Repeating ibis once or twice, will probably effectually rid the trees of the scaled insecL—South. Cul. RELIGIOUS. The Roman Catholics of Washington City are about erecting a magnificent place of worship, the cost of which, it is said, will amount to $750UO. They have three Chniches there already, besides a Convent, College, and a society of Sisters of Mercy in the adjoining town of Georgetown. The same sect in Charleston intend erecting a large Carhedral at the comer of Broad and Friend-streets, near where St Finnbar’s now stands, the funds for which we are told, nrerapidly coining in from our citixens, who have so far subscribed liberally. It will be borne in mind that lq this spot ore deposited the remain* of that great and goqd imn, Bishop England—a name en deared to citizens of tut denominations. “The 'black regiment»’ which- Mr. Gid- ding* stales Great Britain threaten* to pour in ot) tho Gulf States, for that purpose, from their emancipated West India Islands iusiooci of freeing their sable kindred here, would find themselves ‘put up to all they know,’ to save their own wool. We know- nothing which would tend to bring our |H>|)iilaiion into the field with- ouch eager ness and unanimity ns that capital idea of the negro regiments Three or four thou sand negroes lo be had-for Ihe catching, do not turn up every day. They are tho very felllows wanted in the new cotton fields of the West, nnd wo opine most of them will lie there within two months after landing, in fact the affair, instead of being a battle, would only be tne tallest sort of a hunt. Montgomery Journal. ashes! ~!.• ; 1 ’ ’ As a manure, ashes, on certain soils, are invnluulile. V< o have frequently experi enced the beneficial effects resulting front t eir application, but never more convinc ingly than (luting the present year. On n piece of corn, containing about two staiutu acres, wc applied about twenty bushels of ashes and a little quunliiy oi gypsum, or plaster of Paris—the ashes being applied on every other row in order that the compara tive value of the two articles might be ac curately ascertained. The result of this experiment was per fectly in accordance wit It our previous observations. Through the entire season, the rows on which the ashes were applied, took the lend, and nt harvest produced one-third more corn than those which had the gypsum. . ) . ’ *aV» c would commend toeveryone lo urn nil the house ashes he possibly can. Even leached ashes are two valuable to be thrown away. Applied as top-dressing to grass land's, they produce important effects. One of'the most substantial farmers in Massachusetts^ writing us on the subject, says: — — “I am now more fully than ever per suaded of the value of aahes as a manure! Nothing, iu the whole catalogue of man ures, compares with them on my land.— At the distance of nearly two' miles form the sen-shore, I sowed, in 1835, ttvrldyrtii» and a half bushels to the acre. The sui eras a thin, clayey Ion in. nrd the. result of the application was a crop fif cxcellebt clea ver, where, for yearsj nothing had grown but nwillen and rye. - The brad has not yet forgot the application; ihe gmad On the soil with ashes being greener and for more luxuriant than on that where: no eneh opx plication has bean made. On corn, beans and wheat, ashes, leached or unleached, operate with the beet effects. Fvmtcrl.v we were in the practice of dUfroteg ofouir ashes at from a shilling to twenty cents per bushel; but experience has bow opened our eves, nnd wo nire' purchasing all wd can n't double the fortns*-price.” : ’ Maine Cultivator. ■- si I. T 1 being *n ineresto of 20,110 over last ye*r.