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TEE ALBANY PATRIOT.
“WISDOM—JUSTICE—MODERATION.”
VOL. II.
ALBANY, BAKER COUNTY, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 5, 1846.
NO. n.
THE ALBANY PATRIOT,
!• PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY WORM NO, BY ,
NELSON TIFT & SETH N. BOUGHTON,
Editorx and Proprietors.
TERMS.
TWO Dollars per annum, if paid in advance, or
Three Dollars at the end of the year.
Advertisements not exceeding twelve lines, will
he inverted at One Dollar for the first insertion, and
FiftyeenU.forc.chcooGnuu.ee. Advertisement. jtj„ IOI) , an d aiWstuling that The follow-
ing evening bail been appointed for hit
benefit, and expressing grent fear for the
tty c
t having the number of insertions specified, will
THE ORIGIN OF “HAIL COLUM
BIA!”
In the year 170S, when patriotic feeling
pervaded the country, nnd when ihete
were several parties in the field, Mr. Fox,
a young plnyer, who was more admired
for his vocal than histrionic powers, call
ed one morning upon his friend Mr. Hop-
bo publirtlicd until forbid.
wales of Land and Negroes by Executors, Adminis
trators and Guardians, are required by law to !>c
advertised in a public gazette, sixty days previous to
the .lay of sale.
The sales of Personal Property must be advertised
in like manner forty days.
Notice to Debtors and Creditors of an estate must
be published forty days.
Notice that application will be made to the Court
ol * fklinary for leave to sell Land and Negroes, must
be publisneu «cekly for four months.
Monthly Advertisements, One Dollar per square
for each insertion.
rr All letters on business must be post paid.
POETRY.
OUC WORD.
TRANSLATED FROM VICTOR HUGO.
All feel in joy and grief alike
One word most cloudless nnd refined.
That gives a brightness to our brow.
One word deep cherish'd in the mind.
This hidden word can never change,
In every heart the same, and same,
It softly sings, or trembles still—
A glorious universal name.
This is the word wliosc breath can take
From every pining brow the afro,
The lovely and mysterious sigh
Heard at all times, and everywhere.
The word from whence all other words
As from a source immortal spring,
And whose undying sound is heard
Where’er a human voice may ring.
This word, now gay, now seeming dark,
Is mirrorr’d in the streamlet bright,
And in the beacon awl the sun,
As in the lonely window'* light.
That mingles with the village pipe.
And with the wild dove's notp of glootn,
That in the chattering cradle laughs,
And still trill hover round tlie tomb.
That in the forert wakes to life,
The birds’ leaves—zephyrs of tlie south,
The goodness in the heart of kings
'i ii.* h'liiJes around a lovely luoitlli.
The h«>r,d which links the streams and fields,
A cu.trr.i which Heaven itself composes,
From tin* ?!d ••ini's tender song,
And the sweet perfume of tlie roses.
The hymn that ciunts the dancing wave,
When bringing wanderers from afar,
The mysery of e*»cli ocean cave—
The secrc*t # o‘‘ • ».*h distant star.
This won! whi.<e cea **!e«** power could base
A second Rome in worlds above.
Ij* called by singe! voices “Faith,”
But in our earthly language, “Love.”
result, as not a single box had been taken
begged his friends to do something in his
behalf. “If,” said Fox, “yon will write
me some patriotic verses to the tune of
t he President’s March,” I feel sure of a
full house. Several of the people about
the theatre have attempted it, but they
have come to the conclusion that it can
not be. done; yet I think you may suc
ceed.” Mr. Hopkinson retired to his
study, ami in a short lime wrote the first
verse nnd chorus, which were submitted
to Mrs. Hopkinson, who sang them to a
piano accompaniment, and proved the
measure to be compatible nod in keeping.
In this way the second mid other verses
were written, and wlieu Mr. Fox return-j°®T«l him by the government; his nt-
ed in the evening, he received with de-1 tacbment to Iu3 corps ol Rangers is un
light the song as it now stauds. bounded, and they would on no accoui
The following morning, small hand-1 P ar l with him; when it was annoujiceti to
bills announced that Mr. Fox would sing diem that the Government desired his
FROM GEN. TAYLOR’S CAMP.
We have seen and conversed with a
gentleman direct from Matamoros, and
from him have gleaned various interesting
items of information as to the situation
and doings of the army of occuptaion.
Including regulars, it is supposed that
nearly 30,000 men are now at the camp
near Matamoros, and at the various
posts belonging to the Americans. Gen
eral Taylor is pursuing a course of in
struction which is fast bringing the Volun
teers from an undisciplined mass to an
efficient nnd well drilled corpse; in (act
the only subject of complaint among
them is the severity of the discipline—a
usual charge made by Volunteers—drill
ing fjom breakfast to dinner and from
dinner to dark. The health ol the whole
army is very good, and the men in fine
spirits, anxious for the march onward, if
only to escape the severe drills. Provis
ions are plenty at the Camps, as the Mex
icans are allowed to bring them in from
all parts of the country. Capt. Walker
has declined to accept the appointment
in the army of the U. S. which has been
M IS C E L L A N Y.
new patriotic song, Ac. The theatre
was erowded; the song was sung nnd
received with rapture : it was repeated
eight limes, and again encored; and when
sung the ninth time, the whole audience
stood up and joined in the chorus. Night
after night, “Hail Columbia” cheered the
visitors of the theatre, and in a very few
days it was the universal snug of the hoys
in the streat, from one end of the city "to
the other. Nor was the distinguished
nmlmi of this truly national song; a song
which met the entire approbation of all
parties of the day—forgoton. The street
in which he resided on one occasion was
crowded, and “Hail Columbia” broke on
the stillness of midnight front a hundred
patriotic voices.—Lou. Courier.
THE CASTLE.
A friend of the editor of the Charleston
Patriot writes from Washington July ID:
“ It seems to be taken for granted that
a demonstration is to he made on the
Castle of St. Juan de Ulloa, and that the
only thing now winning, is to determine
the mode.
*• There is an invention before the Na
val Committee, for a fire ship—that will
reflect shot. That, it seems to me would
he more efficient, than ull the ships in our
navy."
In connection with this we extract the
f'flowing in which we do not place any
faith:
“ The fleet at Vera Cruz, it is said
would attack the Castle on the 10th iasl.,
and it is whispered that it may be given
up without a struggle.”
Another paper says—“ Passengers by-
services in another capacity than as com
mander of their corps, they loudly mur
mured and sternly opposed his leaving
them, this, however, lie hud no intention
if doing. He appears to he a great fa
ANTIQUITY OF CHINA.
A very inteiesting course of lectures
has lately beendelivered in England, by
a Missionary-, who has been for several
years in China, and he has given some
interesting sttistics with regard to the an
tiquity of that empire. It appears that
the Chinese divide their history into three
parts: authentic, traditional, and mytho
logical. At the present time, they "have
a very correct and distinct mode of com
puting their historical eras by cycles of;
fifty years, by which the lecturer finds
that the first real personage who sat upon
the throne in China, begun to reign 2200
years before Christ. This was 140 years
after the flood, and 47 years after the con
fusion of tongues at "Babel. According
to this, the king must have been contem
poraneous with the immediate descend
ants of Noah! The whole number of em
perors belonging to 14 dynasties is 206.
The number of empresses is not given.
“These,” says the lecturer, “liehaved so
ill, and were so often at the bottom of all
mischief, that it was found necessary,
three or four years ago, to dispense with
their services in this capacity.”
THE TELEGRAPH MADE TO
TALK.
The Charlestown Courier, contains a
notice of an invention, by Dr. Hume, one
ofthe Professors of the Citadel Academy,
whereby the Magnetic Telegraph may be
made to speak as well as to write. How
“ The ltusinn telegraph is alleged to be
of every stranger is to see nnd converse
with him, even before “old Zak” is
thought of.
One of the American troops taken at
the battle of the Dili, and who had been
conveyed with the army of the enemy to
Monterey, had escaped and returned to
Gen. Taylor’s Camp; he was in Montery
four days, and was enabled lo escape by
his guard deeming him secure, and get
ting upon a frolic, when they returned for
him in the morning lie had “just stepped
out.” He stales that there was a large
fiirce of the enemy at Montery and that
the Mexican troops woie pouring in by
battalions; that tin- town is strongly for
tified, being surrounded by a canal of
water, ami that a large force would be
required fur its capture. It is now un
derstood that President Parades is him
self at the head of the Mexican army,
burning to retrieve the honor of tlieir
arms, nnd that all the available force of
the Republic is to lie centered at Montery
tinder his command, amounting ns is rep
resented ill ull lo about 30,000 men.
Should this be the case, the force of the
two armies will lie equal, and a sanguin
ary conflict may lie expected—Columbus
Tima.
MAJOR MONROE.
We extract the following from the N:
O. Picayune, of Slst inst.
“We congratulate the Major that he
will probably have an opportunity of dis
tinguishing himself in the field. His com
mand is one worthy of such a soldier.
One of our correspondents at Point Isa
bel writes as follows:
“Our popular and efficient commander,
Major Morjroe, relinquished the command
of the post about a week ago, having been
given a most beautiful, responsible, and
enviable command, as Chief of Artillery,
or commandant or the Light Artillery
Batteries. Every one in the army was
pleased to see the command given to
such an nblo officer, and look upon it as
a merited compliment and reward for his
services rendered here so effectively in
trying times. May his mantle fall upon
his successor, whoever he may be.”
Heal in Canada.—The intense heat ex
perienced here last week seems to have
beeu generally fell throughout the province
—the ihennoincler having ranged as fol
lows : Montreal 92; Hamilton, 9G to 100;
London, 92 to 9G ; and St. Thomas, 9G
degrees.
GENERAL EDUCATION.
ly to comprehend it. And why! Has
there ever been a change in the fate of
nations that has not cost bloodshed ? Is it'
possible that the universal will of turn
shall come to assert its capability of acting
in concert; without the instrumentality of
the thousand adverse powers which tenn
er ly held sway; and these not cxer: a
powerful opposition 1 Impassible 1_ Wbtl,
then is the consequence 1 Revolution—
revolution; and the victory is only to
dire
ORIGIN OF YANKEE DOOBI.E.
During the French war of 1755. the
provincial army, sent against Niagara ami j the Clyde slate that it was the intention of
Frontenac, was commanded by Governor j the U. S. squadron to attack St. Juan tic
Shirley, of Massachusetts, nnd General, Ullna on the lOiti July. The vessels at
Johnston, of New York. Through the j Sacrilicimis on the 1st were, the frigates
early part of the season, the army lay en- Cumberland, Raritan, nnd Potomac, 50
camped on the Hudson, a little below i guns each : sloop of war John Adams, 20;
Albany. While the troops were in 'this brig Somers, 10; steamer Mississippi, 8;
position, they were continually receiving!and steamer Prir.ccton, 7. The foreign
recruits from the New England States in 1 men of war lying there at the same lime
the form of drafts and volunteers. They 1 were, the Spanish Irigatc Christina, sloop
came in, company after company, just; of war Louiz.i Fernando, nnd brig
ns they lind issued fiom their Ihrms nnd j Habanera, Brinish frigate Endymion,
firesides, nnd their appearance is said to | sloop ol war Rose, nnd steamer Vcsuvi-
liavo equalled any specimen of the Indie- us; French sloop of wnr La Pcrousc, and
trous ever exhibited, save nnd except the' brig Mercure. Besides these the coin-
famous company of Sir John Falstaff.— linamler of the Clyde says he saw six
Some of them had long hair, some short,' large American vessels of war oflf Vera
and some woie enormous wigs. Some j Cruz. The city on the 30th ult.wasdc-
had black suits, some had blue, and some elated to be under martial law.”
Some had long coats, some
capable of expressing ten diflereut sounds
by ten wires. The Charleston telegraph
expresses 2 sounds by 2 wires, and may
lie made to express the 2G sounds com
posing the alphaltet, by 27 wires, but this
is unnecessary, for if a sufficient number
of distinct sounds can be expressed by
fewer wires to make an intelligible lan
guage the object is accomplished. The
difference between this telegraph and
Morse's consists in the substitution of
sounds for marks, and greater simplicity.
It is distinctly audible in a large room,
and any who will take the trouble lo learn
its language, may bear its news as fast as
it is told at the outer end-”
had gray.
had short ones, and some had no coats at
all. Their accoutrements were equally
ON MORAL EVIDENCE.
The evidences of Christianity are of a
varied, and aUogelherfurnished the most j rational nature. They address them-
grotesqueand amusing spectacle that can selves ne.ther to the leehngs nor passions
well bo imagined, and abundance of sport men. Hat! not this been tbe case, the
for the British regulars. j minds of men would have been «ver-aw-
The music played by the volunteers; ed and their Iteltefexlorlcd by terror,
was such as hnd been out ofdaleinlhei Moral evidence is of all others tbe best
British Army for centuries, and assisted fitted to answer as a tesl by which to try
finely to add point to the amusement nf-, the sincerity ol our faith. The clen
forded by the whole scene. In the Bril-, >gbl of demonstration, or any kind of ey-
isharmvnt that time, was one Dr. Shack- ««5ence which men ought he disposed lo
burg sturgeon, who was a skilful musi-!regard as irresislnble, would be ill adap-
efan’nnd a^eat wag. The doctor im- ted for the trials ol our understandings
Clan and a g.- J *to the Yan- on practical questions, because it would
nnedmtely turned his atlei... 1 i^j to right conduct in opposition lo the
kce volunteers, and determined ... pw • b v 0 l mind. Were a
off a joke, by comnosing a tunc for l,,c,r ra^d'cram the dead in order
'%Lhx Doodle." and with all the gravity i were he in operate immcdratceonviciion
- _i_i ;• ,„ mm. I on the mind of the person to whom he
made bis appearance, where would there
be a permanent lest of the siucerily of
imngi.mbl, jecommended it m new «»- where would there
ent lest of the siucerily of
Assent would be extorted
by fear, tlie faculties of the mind would
be pul to no trial. Hence it appears that
moral evidence is best suited lo our cir
cumstances, as it put* our faith to a con
stant trial. Of this kind is tbe evidence
actually furnished in support of Chrisli-
tianity. It is addressed to the intellectu
al faculties; it calls for the full exercise of
the judgement and whole reasoning pow
ers; and it is fitted to produce a rational
and permanent conviction so powerful as
to triumph over the suggestions of carnal
reason, and the suddenbursi of irregular
passions or of animal feeling-—Zhtnw
era os one of the most celebrated airs
bis country had ever produced. . ...
The volunteers admired the tone, anil In* oeliel.
notwithstanding the hearty laugh and noi
sy ridicule nf the regulars, it soon became
a general favorite throughout the whole
American camp.
Thus originated an air in pure, levity
and ridicule which many a British sol
dier in a few years had cause to consider
«beknell of all his glory. .Tlie same
sonl-stiring strains were heard nt a sub
sequent period on Bunker’s Hill, the
same strains will continue to worm the
American heart, so long as music hath
chat ms to inspire the breast, and rouse
the soul to action—Low. Cow.
A MAN SUSPENDED BY THE THUMB.
A correspondent at Kingston, 1L I.,
furnishes the Providence Journal with
the following:
“Mr. Gray of Providence, one of the
nainteis on the Congregational Meeting
House in this place, week belore last as
cended the steeple to take off the vane for
gilding. The ladders reached the foot of
the iron spire on which the vane turned.
12 lo 15 *'cet above. Mr. Gray then as
cended the iron spire, by grasping with
his hands and twisting his legs round the
bar of iron, which did not exceed two
and a half inches in diameter, relying up
on the ball, lmlf way up the spire, lo rest
his feel on, und from which position he
could lake the \anc oil' with bis right
hnnil. While lie was in the very act the
ball on which his feet rest gave way, anil
run down tlie spire. At this moment Mr.
Gray was raising the vane over the end
of the spire; as Tie did so, tbe spire grow
ing smaller, made a convenient place for
bis thumb lo keep tlie balance in the gud
geon bore, when tbe ball gave way under
bis feet and he sunk. The vane falling
Irack with his thumb in the gudgeon bore,
held him fast, with his feet 3 or 4 feet
above any thing to rest upon. He made
two or three efforts lo extricate his thumb,
but without success, and after his strength
was nearly exhausted he called for help.
His life now depended upon the strength
of his left hand. The consternation of
the beholders was great—some running
one way and some another, to obtain
something to release tlie man from his
perilous situation, while others turned
away unwilling to witness the catastro
phe which they apptehended in a few
minutes. Mr. J. H. Clarke, one of the
painters, came immediately up the spire,
nnd placing his shoulders under the feet
of the suspended man at once relieved
him. Tbe scene was terrible to behold
$50,000,000,
There i3 a great silver mine called La
Gran Quevira, 130 miles north of the Rio
Grande, on the road from Santa Fe, to
Chihuahua, at which it is believed the
aliove immense sum lies buried. We
hope it is true, and thst it will be discov-
ed and divided utnong the army. The
following narrative of nil that is known on
the subject, is taken from ihc Matamoras
Flag.
In El Paso del Norte, is to be found
the first record of this extraordinary mine,
The great aqueduct of stone and cement
which is twenty miles in length, and con
veyed water to this mine, and the splen
did church which |now stand perfect,
(one of tho most extraordinary pieces of
architecture, as respects its ornamental
decorations, durability and imposing mon
uments) conveys some idea of the great
Wealth of the place. It being situated in
the centre of the first ridge ol the Rocky
Mountains, was naturally isolated. The
numerous tribe of Indians in its vicinity,
•nvious of its growing greatness, had ob
served that at long intervals the treas
ures of the mine were carried to Spain,
at that time Mexico being a Viceroyalty,
and seeing them at one time making pre
parations to start with a largo convoy,
congregated together many thousands
and laid siege to the place. They open
ed the acqucduet and deprived the be-
seiged of water, causing all the inhabi
tants and operatives of this large estab
lishment to perish, save only two, who
OHIO VOLUNTEERS.
The New Orleans Delta of 16th inst.
says—The steamboats Alhambria and
Jameston arrived last night, with the 2d
Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, onder com
mand of Colonels Irwiu and Morgan.
Caleb J. McNulty, former Clerk of the
U. 8. House of Representatives, a private
in the Young Guards of Mount Vernon,
THE CHARACTER OF THE EDUCATION
SUITED TO THE PEOPLE.
Mean. Editors:—You tvere kind en
ough to introduce these essays to the pub
lic by an address delivered by me before
tbe Sunday School Association of Albany.
In this address you will frad the caidinal
principle upon which I think all education
should he based; and particularly that,
suited to the propensities and tendencies of
the American people, such as 1 have des
cribed them in tlie Inst essay. This is that
it should be divided into the three bran
ches—animal, iulelteclual and spiritual,
nnd imparled sepcralely.
Our institutions are founded upon the
great truth, that mun bus been doomed to
subsist by the sweat of his brow. Hence,
the most extensive field of labor—the agri
cultural, is that upon which our chief na
tional dependence is made to rest. But
ibis labor is impossible unless the animal
system lias been trained to it from its ear
liest infancy. The education of our ani
mal natures, is then n first step in this great
class of duties. But our animal nature
comprises more than mere physical habit
and ability,—the moral propensities are all
indweiters in this system, and they too can
not be too soon developed. Nor are these
all; health belongs chiefly to the animal
constitution; and if labor nos been one of
the curses entailed on man, death is anoth
er. To live then, and be capable of the
duties of life, the young frame cannot be
too early braced. Still there is one law
more, and even more important than all
the rest, for without the habit attaching lo
this, all the other advantages of animal
education are lost, or w orse, become agents
of distraction. 1 allude to obedience—the
habit of obedience, impressed upon our ear
liest youth. This is a state belonging to
us as creatures, for without it, the creature
himself would soon cease to be respected.
The American people, are a people of law
—of fixed, indubitable law; if obedience is
not made then to accompany them through
life—commencing at its earliest stages;
how can an abstract principle of law be
made to govern them 1 This is a question
of vital importance in examining the de-
taile of any system of education, mat shall
be proposed for a free people, animal edu
cation then, begining with the first dawn
of life, is necessary to any plan of general
edu cation.
But this is not the department upon
which 1 would most insist; and simply be
cause no general system could be adopted.
Each branch of industry has its peculiar
rale, and almost every family its particular
discipline. It is enough then lo insist upon
the obligation, and I will go on to consider
the intellectual department.
A nafton may produce abundantly of the
fruits of the earth—it may be moral—its
population robust and submissive to disci
pline ; nnd yet the fate of that nation be
that tho treasure is still buried.
Alter learning these facta from the doc
uments Manures, of St. Louis, Mo., who
saw this record in New Orleans, many
Americans and French visited this extra
ordinary mine, and are witnesses to the
acqueduct, -church or temple, and the
high mound that forms the square where
the houses are supposed to have stood,
with a large court-yard in tho centre.
The mouth of the mine is still open and
is of most extensive smelting are
haiphta.'on XoCHh ed ifeo, it-tt worked. wt*n in fact roa- jfewb» h«£jjiqr“i u£mu«
made a miraculous escape to the city of
Mexico. When there, they reported the
disaster, staling that before all was lost
they had succeeded in burying an im
mense treasure—over 60,000,000—and
they desired aid to go nnd’raiso the same
but, os the mine was 1,400 miles off, and
amidst the bordes of the savages of the
north, nobody would advance any thing
for the expedition, and it was therefore
abandoned. One of them started for
Spain and the other for New Orleans,
that place being at the time under the do
minion of Spain. In New Orleans it is iional degree of intellectual improvement,
on record that five hundred men went to j >m (t0 ^ correc i e d if f am wrong in
raise this treasure, but not one was heard W ying, that the day will come when the
of after, which leaves the conviction that oowerof grain upon the Mississippi valley,
they were destroyed by the Indians, and will keep the moat accurate reckoning with
• J ■ - -->1 • j the industrious husbandman of the fertile
ever exposed to the most trying vicissitudes,
if its intellectual character be unformed, or
not coextensive with the influence it is
capable of wielding over tho destiny of
other natios. ...
There can be little question, thst at tlie
present advance of intellectual science, en
ough has been determined to shew most
clearly, that the harmony of the moral uni
verse is to depend upon the coincidence of
the human will. But will depends upon
judgment, and judgment upon universality
of observation; hence to arrive at any de
gree of moral amilioralion the universal
mind of man mutt be brought to a propor-
the industrious husbandman
Nile—that not a furrow will be turned in
the wilds of Siberia, that shall not be in
strict economicol keeping with a furrow in
the wilds of Russian America; and this,
from the exercise of tho will of man, in
conformity with tho eomprehenitrenoss of
his enlightened understanding. If I bo
correct in these premises—if the harmony
of the natural universe shall require this
beautiful economy, and that of the moral
universe a consonant exercise of human
will to eflect it; and we see this, as I have
—- . .. already said, through, the present light of
visible as ifbut a short uino had elaps- t j, # m i n d; how necessary is it that a peo-
be won by so preparing the will of man, ns
ns tlmt no opposition however great shall
divert him from his purpose; or in oriier-
words, to use the language of the last es
say, his watchword shall oe, “ God’s world
for God’s people."
I have now shewn the foundation upon
which 1 would lay my claim for an exit tid
ed and general system of intellectual edu
cation, lor this great Republic—the ten
dencies of the litinmt. mind, and particu
larly its mind, at the present moment; ami
tho inevitable obstacles in the way of these
tendencies.
But it will be contended that an educa
tion must be sublime that will give a unity
of will to an entiro nation, and even far
ther, to the entire world. 1 will grant
that perfection is not possible on earth, but
this should not prevent us frem aspiring
after it. The problem before us is how
ever, simple; will depend on judgment—
judgment on observation, and observation
on tbe variety of objects presented lo our
minds. AVc have simply then to marshall
all the stores of the natural and moral king
doms of the creator, mid place them clearly
before each and every mind of tba entiro
republic, and the duty of education is ac
complished, as far at least as the intellect
is concerned. But it will he asked, is each
and every mind of the Republic capable of
appreciating these stores, aud of attaching
to them equal value ; for without this the
uliiiiiate action of the will would bo dis
owned, nnd the unity lost. There is no
question ns to the variety of human capa
bility when applied to ihc same end ; but
wheu we take in the vast dissimilarity of
pursuits, and the consequent differences of
mind to engage in them with equal profit;
this difference of capability will be rtudily
accepted, and the harmony of the universal
will be found to depend essentially upon it.
The furnishing objects lo the mind, is
not however the entire duly of intellectual
education. This mind has powers capable
of almost infinite improvement. These
powers must be fully developed, that when
the abstract laws of science are submitted
to its mind they may be equally understood
with the apparent. Here too it may be
also insisted, that the same means will not
produce the same general end; that tho
power of attention in one mind may vary
infinitely from that of another: in like
manner their tenacities, Ac. But hero
again the difference of these powers, is .in
strict keeping with the difference in taste
and susceptibility ; hence, if after develop
ment wc lind these powers vary, it will be
because the respective duties required of
them shall also vary. Questions in ab
stract mathematics may facinate one mind,
and its attention in their solution be infin
itely improved ; while the high moral at
tributes of Truth, Justice, Mercy, Peace;
which enter necessarily into all ot our social
and political relations will produce little or
no interest on this mind; and another, with
less concentrationless but more 6ympniliy,
will riot in their consideration ana applicn-.
lion. It is n whole of intellectual action*
that we seek by general education, and ni l
the same degree or kind of action. Hence,
the entire end is obtained w hen wc present
to each and every mind of tbe Republic,
all the objects and laws of the natural nrd
moral kingdoms of the universe; nnd al
low each and every one to attach itself i«
that interest or pursuit which shall be me;
agreeable lo its individual consiiiutir n.—
This is education in its strict pliilott | :..c
acceptation, anything less is benroih »
free people, and utterly at variance w i ;
their national characteristics. But tv i
this general understanding and liberty of
choice in the pursuits of life, bring that
unity of will, ot which I have spoken, anil
which is already foreshadowed to tlie iiiiml
of man? Scarcely,—for I have not yet
treated of the third branch of education—
the spiritual, and this enters largely into
every consideration in which the will of
man is concerned. The mind, properly
intelleclualized, is fnmiliar with the objects
and attributes of Almighty God’s creation,
and wjlh these together with the animal
aspirations, builds tor itself in early life an
ideal perfection. If this be not assailed in
its incipieney by a freerer ethics, and the
creature taught "to attribute all perfection
to the creator; he goes on gradually lo
incorporate this Utopia with all his animal
and intellectual endeavor, until the severe
tuition of experience teaches him its folly,
and in due season he recognizes that the
unity for which he struggled is only to be
found in an union of the will of the crea
ture with that of the creator—the supreme
force governing all. and where the lesser
forces refuse to coalesce, they are instantly
thrown off. But how is this error to be
corrected; what is the nature of the tui
tion ; how is the spiritual element to be
incorporated into the nature of manl In
answering these questions I shall find my
self in tno same situation that I was, in
treating of the animal department of edu
cation. If the parent dispenses the first
clam of blemingt, the Church is equally
jealous of dispensing tbe last. All spiriu
ual instruction however, aims at the union
above alluded to; and with the intellect
tual culture duly enforced, the spiritual is
rendered proportionally easy; hence,'in the
essays before me, I shall be found I real inf
almost exclusively of intellectual educe
lion. But if the parent . disposes' of oat-
branch, and the church snotheYi who i
to take charge of the thirdl This will t
the enquiry of the next essay.