Newspaper Page Text
VOL. II.
“WISDOM—JUSTICE—^ilOJOE RATION.”
ALBANY, BAKER COUNTY, GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 13, 1847.
1
NO. 39.
THE ALBANY PATRIOT,
if PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY MORiflAfi, BY
NELSON TIFT & SETH N. BOUGHTON,
Editors and Proprietors.
TERMS.
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The sales of Personal Property mastbe advertised
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be published forty days.
Notion that application will be made to the Court
'of Odinary for leave to sell Land and Negroes, must
be published weeklv for four months.
Monthly Advertisements,One Dollar per square
for each insertion.
ITT All Letters on business must be post paid.
POETRY.
From the Talisman.
THE ORPHAN'S APPEAL.
Mother, whose warm heart is swelling
With the love it cannot speak,
While thine eye is fondly dwelling,
On that infant, cherub cheek,
Listen to us!
Ah! not thou in vain we seek.
Father, whose glad step is greeted
At the quiet, hush of day,
By thy playful children, seated
Round thy well-spread table, say
Shall the orphan
Vainly your compassion pray ?
Sister, who bright flowers art wreathing
To entwine a sister’s brow;
While kind voices ’round thee breathing,
Soothe and chase thy early woe ;
Think, poor orphans
No such fond endearments know!
Brother, whose bright eye is sparkling
With the hopes of coming years,
In whose sky no cloud is darkling,
Stranger yet to griefs and fears,
Help the orphan,
Cheer her heart and dry her tears.
Patrons, in whose breast undying
Generous love and pity glow,
You, who sought and found us lying
In our helplessness and woe—
Still protect us,
Kindness still and mercy show.
And to him, the Orphan’s Father,
Daily will we raise our cry ,
That our souls at last shall gather
To that blessed home on high,
Where no sorrow
Clonds the brow, or dims the eye.
CONDITION OF THE ARMY;
VVe make the following extracts froth
the Adjutant General’s Report of the Con
dition of the Army, under ante of Decem
ber 5, 184G.
Adjutant General's Office, )
Washington Dec. 5, 1846. J
Sir:—In obedience to your instructions,
I have the honor herewith to submit the
following statements and returns of the
Army s
The authorized regular force (officers
and men) 16,998.
The actual force in service, commission
ed officers and men, is 10,381—leaving a
deficiency of 6,958 to be recruited.
The mechanics and laborers belonging
to the Ordnance Dcparrmcnt, not being re
stricted in number by law, are not included
in the foregoing exhibit. The number
now in service is 309.
General and Staff Officers of the Volunteer
Forces in the service of the United States.
General officers, 8
Quartermaster's Department, (7 ma
jors, 26 captains,) 33
Commissary’s Department, (7 majors,
22 captains,) 29
Medical Department, (22 surgeons, 24
assistant surgeons) 45
Additional Paymasters, (under the
25th section act of July 5, 1838,) 17
Total general and staff officers pro
vided for the volunteer troops in
commission at this time, 133
The Army in Campaign.
The Army in Mexico lias been augmen
ted during the year by recruits and detach
ments of regular troops drawn from various
poinls, and by numerous regiments of
twelve months volunteers.
The land forces employed in prosecuting
the war may be estimated as follows
REGULARS.
In the field, officers and men, inclu
ding general stall', - 6,613
Troops at sea, and under orders to join
the army, 1,098
Recruits en route for the seat of war, 762
Aggregate regulars in campaign, 8,473
Volunteers.
In the field, 15,745
At sea, for California, 7GG
UPPER CALIFORNIA
It would be strange if the reported re
capture of the town of Los Angeles, in
Upper California, by the Mexicans anil
Indians, should prove to be correct. It
however requires confirmation, ip order
to be fully credited. The two statements
of the affair which we publish to day, one
from the Commissary General of the De
partment of Sinaloa (capital MazaLlan) da
ted Oct. 2Sth, and the other from a pri
vate letter of same date and place differ
widely in details. The tormer, without
saying where the action occurred, stales
thatseveralofthe American launches were
captured, “a number” of their men killed
duces the forces under the immediate orders
of that General. But the additional vol
unteer force recently called into the ser
vice, will soon be pushed forward in the
direction of the Rid Grande.
Of the force reported as under the orders
of Brigadier General Kearny, one company
of the third regiment of artillery embarked
at New York for Monterey, California, Ju
ly 14th, and the New York Regiment of
volunteers for the same destination embark
ed 25lh September. The Brigadier repor
ted, Oct. 6lh, that he was en route for that
country from Santa Fa with two compa-
niesof the 1st regiment of dragoons, deem
ing that force (with several of the officers
of the staff who accompany him) adequate
for the service in view.
Distribution of the Troops on the .Eastern
and Western Divisions.
The forts on the scnconst and the posts
on the western frontiers have nearly all
been evacuated, and the garrisons of tl
six months to take the citadel of Antwerp,
with no more than 4000 Dutchmen for a
garrison—Napoleon’s army of Italy be
sieged a few thousand Austrians under
Yyurmsera wholeyearin Mantua—Stras-
burg held out against a European coali
tion, and remained, in technical military
language, a virgin—against a five times
superior force! Truly there must be
something in this individcality of our sol
diers which makes every man responsi
ble for his actions, as if he were the
commander-in-chief. It is not only the
Anglo-Saxon race—with all due defer
ence he it spoken—which has accomplish
ed this victory.; it is the Anglo-Saxon,
Saxpn, Scotch and Irish, invigorated and
improved by American Institutions ! It is
the soul of the American, not merely the
physical body of the Anglo-Saxon, which
has achieved this glorious result. Neith-
few now occupied have been greatly ilimin-; er must w*e look upon it as an achieve-
islied since the war with Mexico. i me „; beyond the reach of art—it is a le-
The Recruiting Service. ultimate result, so naturally founded in
Hie recruiting service has been .pushed , our superior individuality, that it does not
with vigor, several companies, imicnre- ‘ • \ w .
duced, have been temporarily broken up, even . sur P r, f e ds. \\ e have calculated
rendering available mere officers for this | "P 0 / 1 ’*• and the news hursts on our ears
essential service than otherwise could have; without producing more than satisfaction
been withdrawn fiom active duty in the that we have not been disappointed,
field.
The whole number of men enlisted from
the 1st of October, 1845, to the 30lh Sep
tember, 184C, is 5,945, being an excess of
2,388 over the previous year. The num
ber enlisted in October and November, and
to be enlisted in December, may he put
down at 1,5U0.
The raising of numerous regimen's of
volunteers, and the great inducements to
enter for short periods, satisfactorily ao
Correspondence ;f the Jonrnal of Commerce.
Washington, Saturday, Dec. 26th.
In consequence of some words that
passed, in debate, a few days ago, be
tween Mr. Garret Davis, of Kentucky,
and Mr. Bayly, of Virginia, the former
made a proposition, through Senator Bar-
row, to Mr. Bayly, to repair on Chrismas
morning to Baltimore, in order that Mr.
counts for the want of better success in re-1 Davis might there challenge Mr. Bayly,
cruiting- for the regular army. High wa- j without violating die Duel Act. Mr. Bay
nes for labor ta another cause reported as , accpplP( , lIle proposal, and secured the
having a decided influence upon tue re- J - 1 C, * ,
cruiting service; lmt more than all, per-jfV rv ces °, 1 of V ' r 8 ,n '“’, a . s
haps, tiic distinction seen in the pension! 1,s i^ienci- Mr. Davis got off to Balti-
Inws between the private soldier of the r»*g- lI, ore by the six o'clock cars yesterday
nlar army,and the volunteer, and which i (Friday) morning, in the mean time, the
operates so unfavorably to the former. The^l affair had taken wind; and thecivilau-
ividows and orphans of the volunteers who jihorities of this city issued warrants a-
mny be killed in battle, or die of wounds g a j nsU he parties. Mr. Bayly was arrest-
Agsrregatc volunteers in campaign, 16,511
The regular force on active field service
is composed of the following regiments :
1st Dracoons, 8 companies 560
2d do. 10 do. 723—1,283
1st Artillery, 8 do. 609
2d do. 9 do. 787
3d do. 8 do. 660
4th do. 8 do. 650—2,706
1st Infantry, 4 do. 188
2d do. 9 do. 687
3d do. 6 do. 319
4th do. 6 do. .332
5th do. 6 do. 344
6th do. 4 do. 326
7lh do. 6 do. 325
8th do. 6 do. 378—2,898
Rific Regiment 9 companies, 665
Company of engineer soldiers, 71
Recruitsen route, 752
8,385
The volunteers employed in the war
consist of twenty-seven regiments and two
companies, of which five are cavalry or
mounted men, and twenty-two infantry, ex
cept a part of one battafion, of which two
of the companies tire field artillery.
On the 21st of September, it appears by
the statement then submitted to the Secre
received in the service, are pensioned;
while the widows and orphans of the regu
lar soldiers who die under the same circum
stances are entirely unprovided for by law.
The rank and file of the army, (enlisted
men of artillery, infantry,, dragoons and rifle-
nun,) including detachments, recruits, and
recruiting parties, may lie computed to be
about 10,1100 men by the 31st of December.
The objections heretofore urged to the
bounty-in hand system, deemed to be valid
in timeof peace, are not applicable to a state
of war. 1 recommend, therefore, that the
provisions of the 12th section of the act en
titled “An act fixing the military peace
establishment,” &c., approved March 1G,
1802, (repealed in 1833) be now re-enact
ed and continued during the war, and no
longer. The impulse given to the recruit
ing service would be prompt and decisive
of belter success.
I respectfully request the attention of the
Department to to tlie special report 1 had
the honor to submit to the Secretary of
YVar July 30,184G, on the subject of pro
viding an additional major for each of the
tary of War that the volunteer force in the
field (twelve months men) amounted to
. 23,161 officers and men exclusive of the
an'd “some” taken prisoners. The private! general officers and staff provided for the
. ■ ■ i ii ..i*. irrnrrnlnr Intone Thio fnrrfl it 1C CPPYI fflPS!
letter, on the other hand, locates the tran
saction at Los Angeles, and kills off’“150
soldiers of the American squadron” at a
blow. Nothing is said about prisoners.
In both cases the news is represented to
have been brought by the Freach sloop ol
war La Brillante, “from San Francisco
and Monterey.” The nearest of these
places is two hundred or three hundred
miles from Los Angeles, and Los Angeles
is some 30 miles from the sea, on a small
fiver. It does not appear that La Bril-
-{ante communicated with the shore at any
point South of Monterey until she reached
Mazallan. There is therefore room en
ough for exaggeration, or whole cloth roan-
facture. Perhaps it will turn out to be
such a disaster as befel Captain Fremont
in the same Upper California, when Gen
eral Castro announced to his government
that he had “dispersed” him (Fremont)
-and his men so completely, that the .‘prints
•of their hoofs” could not be found. A few
weeks later he addressed another epistle
to his government, dated ‘in the road for
Sonora,” announcing that the Department
over which he had presided, was in the
power of the enemy.
Should it turn out that Los Angeles and
the neighboring country is again in posses
sion of the Mexicans, it may seriously em
barrass the movements of Gen. Kearney,
who left New Mexico with only 100 men
shaping his course for Los Angeles, which
he expected to find iti possession of the
Americans, as it was when the Express
left which occasioned his sending back
300 of the 400 men With whom he com
menced his march from Santa Fe. How
ever; we are not disposed to borrow trou
ble about a matter of this kind, believing
that Gen. K. will.be able to take care of
himself; and the Mexicans too if necessa-
•y ty. - • rjl.j j
; Los Angeles is near the southern ex
tremity of.Upper California.—N.Y.Jottr.
ComJ l■■s'&I 7 ''■pc 2T' :
irregular troops. This force, it is seen, does
not now exceed 16,500, if the data upon
which the strengtli of the army is based be
tolerably correct.
Distribution of the Army in Campaign.
Army under command or orders of Major
General Taylor—
Regular troops, 5,633
En route to Mexico 991
Recruits en route 762
ed and compelled to give bond in the
sum of ten thousand dollars to keep the
peace. The interpositina of mutual friends
may now settle the difficulty.
It is more confidently believed now
than ever, that it is intended by the Exe
cutive to propose u> Congress the crea
tion of the office of Lieutenant-General,
and to nominate Senator Benton to fill the
offiie. Opinions are divided as to the
probability of the success of the proposi-
lioi in Congress. Many will oppose it
Irqn hostility to the individal who is to
fill the office. Should the office be crea
ted, there is not the least doubt that the
nomination of Mr. Benton as civil, diplo
mat, and military sovereign of Mexico,
wil be confirmed, with the dissent of only
tw» or three Senators.
The large increase of the regular army
abort to be proposed, will require the ap
poiiltnent ol another Major General, aud
jit krill doubtless lie found necessary to
regiments of the line. I then stated that icrone a military office of higher rank to
“ a view of the actual service as it has been, j cotlman: | the whole force. Major Gen-
and more especially as rt now is, must | eral Scott, by seniority, might lake the
vincc you that the compininem ol the lield i i .t „„ "
officers of the several rceimen.s ofariil!en-,1™ and ‘ bu . t l I P resume ll . ,e ad u ni,nlslra ;
infantry an cavalry are inadequate; ari<l - ! P ot to entrust it to him ; and
that the service at this lime greatly needs! bis services will, moreove, be required in
the addition of one ma jor to each, for duty j another line of duty,
in the field. The regiments in Mexico do I Mr. Bayly was in this city when this
not average one field officer, and when the letter was*closed, at 5 P. M., and the gen-
operations are pushed into the interior of [eral belief is, that there will be no meeting.
the enemy s country, there may he several j ——
battalions, as is now the case with the 7th ! NAVAL,
infantry, which will be commanded by The s l, mp . of . war Germantown has ar-
Ca P“" nS - rived at Norfolk.
Regulars
Volunteer troops
7,406
10,926
Aggregate 18,332
Under Brigadier General Wool,
charged with the conduct of a sep
arate division—
Regular troops 621
Volunteers 2,039
2,060
Under Brigadier General Kearny
charged with the conduct of a sep
arate division'in New Mexico and
California—
Regular troops 446
Volunteers 3546
3,992
Aggregate force employed 24,98
Of this force (24,984) 8,473 are of the
regular army, and 16,511 volunteers.
The achievements of every division and
battalion, in the field have nobly sustained
the character of the regular army. In the
day of battle the efficiency and skill dis
played only eqaalfed the expectations of
those best acquainted with its high stale of
discipline, &c. The victories won and the
graves of the .fallen attest the ability and
vaior of the veterans of other wars, as well
as' of youfig officers—clever of the National
Academy, and others.
The volunteer troops won unfading lau
rels in the sanguinary battle of Monterey.
Their gallanlrv was conspicuous wherever
duty called. Many fell in the action.
The destination of a part of the troops re
ported “en route to Mexico” for the: army
under Major General Taylor has been sud
denly changed; and it is also probable
that detachments have been drawn from
the lower Grande for Tampicoy which re-'
OUR ARMY IN MEXICO.
Speaking of the army under the com
mand of Gen. Taylor, a correspondent
of the Philadelphia Ledger makes the
following very just and appropriate re
marks:
There is probably not on the whole
face of the globe, such a gallant little ar
my as his—in which every man ha
The U. S. frigate Macedonian, and sloop
of war Yorktown, touched at the Island of
Grand Canary, about the 14th ult., all well.
Pensacola., Dee. 19.—The U. S. brig
Porpoise, Lieut. Win. E. Hunt, command
ing, sailed this morning to join the block
ading squadron.
The U. S. Revenue Cutter steamer,
Bibb, passetl down ibis 1 afternoon. As
Correspondence of the Journal of Commerce.
Washington, Dec. 26th.
The documents accompanying the Mes
sage, relative to the instructions given to
our naval and military commanders re
specting the establishment of civil govern
ments in Mexico, are highly interesting.
They do not show that the executive offi
cers of the government have at all viola
ted any constitutional or national law in
their instructioas, and the commanders
have been a little permalure in talking a-
boul annexation.
To-day two causes of complaint exist
in regard to the civil governments estab
lished by Gen. Kearney and Com. Stock-
ton, viz. that they look to permanence by
providing for long official tenures and to
ultimate annexation; and that they are
rather too lenient and liberal for the peo
ple and the circumstances to which they
are applied. These are not fatal errors.
The disavowal of the government has
remedied the chief error, that of represen
ting us before the world as establishing a
permanent government in acountry of which
we have only military occupation. If the
form of government is too free, it can ea
sily be rendered despotic enough to suit
the taste of any one.
We have, by chance, a most admirable
practical commentary on the question now
under discussion in the House, in a letter
from Col. Curtis of the Ohio troops. Gen,
Kearney established a civil government;
Gen. Taylor did not. What has Gen.
Taylor gained by declining the execution
of the power given him ? What injury has
General Kearney done by using his pow
ers, or even by transcending them? Let
Col. Curtis answer the question. Writ
ing from Metamoras on the 14th ult. he
says:
“It is to be regretted that our laws are
not extended over the territory we possess.
Military law is poorly adapted even to
the government of an army. Ours is a
miserable code. It does not take cogni
zance of an offence sounding in contract
even among the soldiers ol our army; nei,
ther does it extend to crimes, unless you
can show they are in some way connected
with the military. Our army is governed
by the officers, not by thq "rules and ar
ticles of war.” Under these circum
stances, the (required territory is governed
by no law. The laws of Mexico are in
sufficient, and thejudges and alcalde would
not dare to condemn one of our citizens.
Many criminals have been sent to New
Orleans, where, no doubt, the writ of ha
beas corpus has turned them loose on the
community. 1 have humbly protested a-
gainst this kind of transportation adopted
by our army ; but really it is hard to per
ceive any disposition we can legally make
of them here in Mexico. If Gen. Taylor
had the talent oiproclaiming dominion anil
issuing edicts, perhaps under, these we
migh find some pretext for punishing
thieves and murderers; but Gen. Taylor
always takes care to assume no such ex
traordinary powers.
“Nothing but Congress can extend our
government to this sided the Rio Grande;
and I could not justify myself in order
ing my command to execute a crimi
nal, unless he had violated our military,
code.”
These views “show conclusively that
neither military law nor the existing Mex
ican system of laws would be at all ade
quate to the temporary government of the
country.”
The*Bill for the reduction and gradua
tion of the price of the public lands, has
been reported at an early day in the Sen
ate.
consciousness of his own, and feels di- j she did not land, we had no opportunity
rectly responsible to bis countrymen.— jot examining her. Her movements on the
This is the true advantage of Democrat- water seemed very well—she rounded to
ic institutions. They developecharacter,
beget self-reliance, and bring nut individ
uality, where, as iu monarcliial countries,
you meet but inert masses, who p-quire a
vivifying agent to mamlest symptoms of
life. This individual elevation of man,
similar to individual salvation through
Christianity, constitutes, in my opinion,
the greatest merit of our institutions.—
The technical advantages of bur govern
ment are as nothing compared to it—they
are subject to mutations; while the mor
al gain is steady and progressive. It is
not so much a liberal Government as a
Democratic people which is equal to eve
ry emergency and rises above circumstan
ces- In the people rest the organic force;
the government is but their visible form
and exponent.
The victory of Monterey is unparallel
ed in the history of war. An army of
from 14 to 15,000 men, entrenched and
fortified-provided with a numerous artil
lery park, (not less than fifty pieces)lod-
ged in a town iw which every house is a
castle and every street barricaded, is ta
ken by 4300 assailants with a body of
flying artillery—of service in the open
field, against infantry or cavalry—two
howitzers and one ten/ibch mortar! I’ ll „
took 60,00b Frenchmen- under Gerard i
with as much if not more ease than an or
dinary steamboat, and her speed seemed
equal to most boats descending the river.
Memphis ( Tcnn.J Eagle, Doc. 15.
Havana, December 6, 1846.
Dear Pic.—The British steamer .is in
to day from Vera Cruz, and I send you an
extra containing the news ns published
here. Rumor adds somewhat to these, but
you can judge for yourself. Santa Anna
is said to have threatened to retreat to
Queretaro if they don’t send him the 82,-
000,000 that he asked for, which great ex
ertions are being made to raise. Some say-
lie will fallback whether or no, in order to
be nearer the capital oh the opening of
Congress. Propositions had been made to
the British merchants fora loan of $2,000,-
000, secured by a reduction of duties on
articles now prohibited. The monied and
landed interest, it is said, are quite tired of
the war,and Santa Anna’s relrogade move
ment may possibly be in order to intimidate
Congress into peace measures, while he ap
parently sacrifices his ambition and laurels
(to Ipe earned) to the will of the people.—
The,initiated suppose him not to be inimi
cal to peace. At all events he wont meet
the enemy—if it is done at all • some one
elsehnfst do it.
Tlie blockade is not considered at aU an
effectual one; several vessels Sent ’from,
here have discharged,' “ ' * »-*-*’**
Yours,- &c.,- ■
nents the more maritime ’climates being
characterized by iriild Winters and more
temperature summers ‘; for the sea breezes
moderate the cold of the winter as well
as the beat; of summer. When, there
fore, we truce around .the globe those
beltsin whicb the mean annual tempera
ture is the same we often find great dif
ferences in clirriate; for there are insular
climates in which the seasons are nearly
equalized, and excessive climates, as they
have been termed, where the temperature
of wihter.and summer is strongly contras
ted. The whole of Europe, compared
with the eastern parts of America and A-
sia, has an insular climate. The northern
part of China, and the Atlantic region of
the United States, exhibit “excessive cli
mates.” We find at New York, says
Humboldt, the summer of Rome and the
winter of Copenhagen; at Quebec, the ^
summer of Paris and the winter of St. Pe
tersburg. , At Pekin, in China, where the,
mean temperature of the year is that of
the coasts of Brittany, the scorching heats
of summer, are greater than at CairG, and
the winters as rigorous as at Upsala.
If lines he drawn around -the globe
through all those places which have the
same winter temperatures they are found
to deviate from the terrestial parallel much
farther than the lines of equal mean annu
al heat. The lines of equal winter in Eu- v
rope, for example, are often curved so at
to reach parallels of lattitude nine or ten
degrees distant from each other, whereas
the isothermal lines, or those passing
through places having the same mean an-
nualternperature; differ only from four or
five degrees.—[Lyeli. , . j .
SAN LUIS POTOSI.
The following sketch of this city, now
the head quarters of the Mexican army,
is from the New York Herald :
San Luis Potosi is the Capital of the
department of that name; indeed it is
the only large town in the department.—•
This department, in the time of the Span
iards, was, of immense extent; it com
prised Tamaulapas, New Leon, Cohahu-
illa, and Texas, u tract of country con-
taining 28,000 square leagues.
In general, the sod of the department
of San Luis is fertile} but it is chiefly as
a grazing country, that 4te- resourses are
great; With cattle of all kinds, paiticu-
latly horses and rhiiles, the department -
is over run; With these animals the,
South of Mexico is supplied. Most of
the fine horses you see curvetting in the
Alcmada or park of Mexico, are from the
farms of the department of San Luis;—
The ranchcros hereabout are a fine, athlet
ic race, and unsurpassed as horsemen;
There are several silver mines, in the
department of Sari Luis, the principal of
which are Catoree, La Purissirna, Cerre.
de C-barco, and Ileal' de Charco. Of
these the mine of Catoree is the most pro
ductive} nay, if we may believe Hum
boldt, it. yields more silver than any
mine in Mexico, with the exception of Gua
najuato Catoree is just half way be-
tweeen Saltillo and San Luis, and is
right in the track of Geri. Taylor, should
lie march in the direction of San Ijuis.
Of the city of Sari Luis itself, we may
observe that it is a very fine one’ and con
tains 30,000 inhabitants. It is 390 miles../
fronf Monterey, 340 from the city of
Mexico, and 200 from Tampico; As- iri
most Mexican towns, the streets of Sari
Luis intersect each other at right angles,
and meet in what is called the plaza, or.
great square. The houses, like those of
Monterey, are casties in minature. ' To’
lake this town it will be necessary to dn
what was done at Monterey—work thro’
the partition walls of the houses.
San Luis , tike the city of Mexicoi; is
supplied with water by an aqueduct.—
Our generals will please bear that in.
HEAT OF THE GLOBE.
Latitude has little to do with heat, cli
mate, or health. The same degrees of
latitude in Europe do not correspond, in
these respects, with those of this country, j Nine-tenths of the inhabilarits of
The oceans temper the heat on the coasts
of all countries, but on elevated regions
cold predominates over the plains, until
we reach a height of perpetual snow, ice,
and congealed vapors. Greenland, on
the GOth degree, is colder than Lapland,
in the 72nd degree, for Europe is sepeta-
led from the arctic circle by an ocean;
while North America is connected with
the polar circle by land, in places 5000
feet high.
But if land be situated between the 40th
parallel and the equator, it produces, un
less it be of extreme height; exactly the
opposite effect; for it then warms the
tracts ofland or sea that intervene between
it and the polar circle. For the surface
being in this case exposed to the virticle
raysofthe sun absorbs a large quantity of
heat, which it diffuses by radiation into
the atmosphere. For this reason, the
western parts of the old contitient derive
warmth from Africa which like an im
mense furnace, distributes its heatjo.Ar-
rabia, to Turkey in Asia, arid to' Europe.
On the contran^thc nnnh-eastefn extrem
ity of Asia experience in the same lattitude
extreme cold; for it has hwdsVm' lhe.north
between the 60th parallel, while to '.lie
snutlf it is separated from the equator by
thoIndian Ocean'. ' t->-
San Luis are Indians and Mestizos. If is
said that there are more wine sho'ps in
SamLuis than in any other Mexican town,’
and that, in consequence, brawls antt-ho-
micides are of frequent occurrence.’
There are a few manufactories at San
Luis. There is not much intercourse be-',
tween this place and the city of MeiicOr
San Luis getting the greater part of,its'
supplies of foreign merchandise from-'
Tampico; that port standimr iti .the same
relation toSati Luis' which Yera Cfiitf
does to Mexico. Most of the goods con
sumed in the,- department ’of Zacatecas' •
are brought froqi Tampico til San'Luis ?
so. that the last named place is one of ve-
ry great importance. The reasons which
have induced Santa Anna to nriike SaW
Luis his head quarters are vgrv obvidli'S.
Evils anticipated are Often -the. cause of
more paip tiian'the realization of them—
in .this way they are doubled, aud we are
made far rnriie miserable ' thbii'we peril
to be... Gloomy thoughts are almost al
ways unprotlucin-e of good, Sfrthnt it is
better to iritlulge in those that make a ligi
heart arid a bright eomiteimtice.
Lieut.".1’; Calhoun, an Aid-iIc-Canip
of Genital Gaines, and son ( :' the Se;i:i-
Iri consequence of tlitS mere equal teni- .tbr, has liren elected Col. of the second
perature of'the waters'of the riceaqV the! RrgiMenl. of Now-York Volunteers, callr
of (.-l.truis tin.) of coasts differs rs-jed'for by the last requisition,
senrtidl^ fifour tnaVonltri iotfcr&tf of crinti- -■ •
